Pofikira »Zipangizo» Zolemba »| Tsiku: 03/09/2015 | Mawonedwe: 11567 | Ndemanga: 0
"Mu vivo chimbalangondo Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitsinje ya mitsinje, pomwe dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse ”(Pulofesa F. N. Pravdin).
“Amakonda malo owuma okhala ndi dothi lotayirira, amakhalanso pafupi ndi madzi, komwe tsitsi lanthete, lamchere limawateteza ku chinyontho. Zimbalangondo zimatha kusambira komanso kuyenda m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ”(Max Bayer ndi Franz Heikertinger).
". Zimbalangondo zimakhala zonse mumchenga wopanda dothi komanso dothi lolemera ndipo nthawi zambiri, zimafika pansi nthawi yakubzala, mu Meyi ndi June, nthawi yomweyo kulira kwawo kumamveka, zomwe zimafanana ndi mbuzi. Masitepe awo pansi amakumbidwa kwakutali ndikuwoloka, kokha mozungulira chisa - m'malo omwe amachokera mbali imodzi kupita chisa, kuchokera kwina - kupita kumtunda. M'dothi lonyowa, ngalandezi zimakumbidwa kuchokera pansi penipeni pa "adit", zomwe zimasokoneza madzi amvula "(Peter Richelle).
Medvedka - msuweni wapamtima kwambiri pa kaseti ndi ziwala, koma ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi "abale ake"! Kunja, zoona. Dzina lake lachi Latin "grillothalpa" limatanthawuza kumasulira kwa Russian monga "cricket-mole". Achijeremani amamuyitana Mole cricket, komanso m'malo ena - “nkhanu zadothi”. Masoka a dzina lachi Russia akuti "chimbalangondo" sakudziwika, mwina kudziwika kwa mtunduwu ndi chifukwa.
"Malinga ndi kutengera kwa kusinthaku, mbali yakumbuyo ya chimbalangondo sinali yotsika kumiyendo yakugundana. "(Pulofesa F. N. Pravdin).
Koma kutsogolo kwa mole, monga chimbalangondo chaching'ono kukumba padziko lapansi usiku wonse, chiri ndi zabwino zingapo "zachilengedwe". Tikudziwa kale kuti amasambira bwino kwambiri (komabe, mole imatha izi). Koma ndi chikhumbo chonse, iye sangathe kuuluka. Ndi zimbalangondo?
"Dzuwa litangolowa kumene nthawi zambiri amabwera pamalopo ndikuyendetsa ndege mumfupi, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti nyama yotereyi siziyembekezeka, koma ndi" chisangalalo "china komanso mokweza, imawulukira ku magwero akuwala” ( Max Bayer ndi Franz Heikertinger).
Zimbalangondo zimaswana mu June - Julayi. Wamkazi alibe ovipositor, chifukwa chake mazira. Koma ndibwino kumamveranso akatswiri.
“Yaikazi imakonza chakuya masentimita 8 chipinda chocheperako, makoma ake osindikizidwa ndi kutsukidwa. Apa iye ayikira mazira. poyera mulu. Palibe chodetsa nkhawa kwa mbewu, koma kuyikira dzira kumatetezedwa ndi mkaziyo kwakanthawi. Kumpoto, zaka 2-2.5 zimafunikira kuti mbali zonse za mphero za chimbalangondo zitheke (Max Bayer ndi Franz Heikertinger).
“Chisa chija ndi chipinda chokhala ndi dzira laling'ono lokhala ndi makhoma okhala ndi makhoma. Imakhala pansi pa malo opanda mbewu, kapena zomera pamwamba pake zowonongedwa: chimbalangondo chimaluma mizu yawo. Nthaka yomwe ili pamwamba pa zisa, motero imakutenthetsa ndi dzuwa. Chipinda chocheperako nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha mainchesi 5 mpaka 10 pansi pa dziko lapansi, nthawi zina ngakhale kuya kwambiri - mpaka mita imodzi. Mu chisa ichi, chachikazi chimayala kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala kuchokera mazira 200 mpaka 300 pamiyala yosiyana. Pali mazira ndi mphutsi za mibadwo yosiyanasiyana mmenemo.
Mazira ndi ana a chimbalangondo mu chisa (chithunzi pansipa)
Wamkazi amasamalira mazira ndi mphutsi (mpaka molt wachiwiri) - kunyambita. Chisamaliro choona ichi cha ana chimateteza mazira ndi mphutsi kuti zisazipange komanso kukuta fizi. Kutengera kutentha, mphutsi zimaswa pakadutsa masabata 1.5-5 atagona; mu kugwa, ngakhale patatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Choyamba, amadya humus ndi mizu yophukira m'chipinda chodyeramo, chomwe chimakhala chatsopano, chifukwa mayi wonyamula mbewa "amakulunga" makhoma a chipinda "(Peter Richelle).
“Zimbalangondo zimatha kuyenda m'malo obisika kumbuyo konse ndi kumbuyo. M'malo mwake, lamtali lalitali, lalitali limakhala "nkhwangwa yam'mbuyo". Wamkazi amakonzera chipinda chapadera kuti dzira chigonere, pomwe mbali yodikirapo yozama mainchesi 8 imatsogolera kuchokera pamwamba. Kamera ili pafupi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Yaikazi imasindikizira makoma ake ndi "chotchinga cha khosi" mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti kamera imatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu pamodzi ndi dziko lozungulira. Mchipindamo muli mazira pafupifupi 200-300, omwe amatetezedwa ndi achikazi kwakanthawi. Ku Central Europe, kukula kwa mphutsi kumatenga zaka 1.5-2. Milandu kapena akulu opitilira muyeso ”(Kurt Gunther).
Khola la chimbalangondo lili ngati chitseko.
Kuchokera pamawu omwe ali pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti ngakhale akatswiri ali ndi malingaliro pa chimbalangondo, kunena mofatsa, si onse omwe amavomereza. Koma chodabwitsa ichi sichingabisike, chophunzira: pomwe chimbalangondo chimakhala kwambiri, zimawononga mizu ya mbewu zambiri zomwe zimalimidwa - mbatata, nkhaka, chimanga, thonje, mpunga.
Akuluakulu amadya mphutsi zamitundu yonse ya ma ladybugs (zonsezi ndi zothandiza kwambiri pa chuma cha anthu!), Zidole za Gulugufe, mbozi ndi kafadala wa Meyi (izi ndi zoyipa kale!). Ngakhale kangaude wolimba komanso wankhanza ngati tarantula, nthawi zambiri amapeza chimbalangondo chamasana.
Mu chimbalangondo, ndizosangalatsa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi tarantula, chida chodzitetezera chomwechi: onse a tarantula ndi "rick ", adadzidzimuka, amafufuza omwe amayambitsa mavuto. chimbudzi!
Zimbalangondo zinkawonekera Padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 35 miliyoni zapitazo. Tsopano pali mitundu 40 ya iwo padziko lapansi.
Njira zoyendetsera
Mukugwa, maenje osaka ndi akuya masentimita 40-60 amakonzedwa. Amafalitsa manyowa kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kutulutsa kutentha. Tizilombo timabisala m'malo otetezerako, timangofunika kuwagwira ndi kuwawononga.
M'chilimwe, zindikirani malo omwe mzimawo adapanga chisa (pamakhonde). Sungani chisa mosamala kwambiri kuti mphutsi zisathawe, kuthira madzi otentha. Tizilombo tosokosera tisonkhana ndi kuwononga. Ikani mankhwala, nyambo zogulitsidwa m'masitolo kuti athane ndi chimbalangondo.
Usiku, ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa akuluakulu omwe akuwunikira. M'malo omwe muli magetsi, kuunika kumakhala gwero lounikira. Mutha kugula ma tochi apadera pamabatire. Kuti tisunge zitsamba ndi mizu ya mbeu ku chimbalangondo, ngati ndichulukirachulukira, ikani magalasi pachomera chilichonse popanda pansi kuchokera m'mabotolo apulasitiki (masentimita 15 mpaka 20).
Medvedka ndi tizilombo toopsa. Kuti muthane ndi izi pamafunika kudekha, nthawi. Ndipo iwo amene akufuna kulima mbewu adzapambana. Koma tikufunika mogwirizana kwa onse olima m'minda momwe chimbalangondo chadzionetsera.
Kubala
Zimbalangondo zimayamba kubereka mu nthawi ya masika, pambuyo pa unyinji waukulu kuchokera ku nthawi yachisanu. Feteleza mwa iwo ndi spermatophore, monga oyimira ena a orthoptera. Matenga amachitika mobisa. Zomera zimapezeka mchilimwe.
Kwa ana awo, tizilombo timakonzera malo okhalamo: amakumba ma lablicinths okhala ndi nthambi zazing'ono mozungulira mizu yazomera ndikuya kuya (5-10 cm kuchokera pamwamba) amakonza zisa ozungulira pafupifupi 10 cm. Munjira imeneyi, anthu onse azisudzo. Mkati mwa mpira muli chipinda chocheperako chaching'ono cha dzira la nkhuku, makoma ake ali osindikizidwa bwino. Pamenepo, chimbalangondo chachikazi chimayikira mazira 300-350 mpaka 600. Iyi ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kuti tizilombo tizipulumuka, chifukwa ana omwe amakhala mobisa amatengera kutentha ndi chinyezi chokha. Wamkazi samachoka mchisa, kuuteteza, kukhalabe ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha. Kuti izi zitheke, imatsuka ndimaulo pansi, imadya mizu yazomera zomwe zimatulutsa mthunzi pamalo oundana. Mazira a Bear ndi ofanana ndi mapira a mapira: chowulungika, chikasu, 2 mm kukula kwake.
Pambuyo masiku 10 mpaka 20, kutengera kutentha kwa dothi, imvi, miyendo isanu ndi umodzi, mapiko (ma nymphs) kusiya mazira, omwe amakhala mchisa mothandizidwa ndi mkazi kwa masiku 20-30. Pamapeto pa nthawi imeneyi, mkaziyo amayamba kumasula ndipo pakapita nthawi amwalira. Pambuyo pa izi, mphutsi za chimbalangondo zimakwawa, kukumba mabowo osiyana ndikuyamba kudyetsa.
Kukula kwa mphutsi kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndikusintha kosakwanira. M'magawo osiyanasiyana, nthawi iyi ndi yosiyana. Kummwera, amakula mkati mwa zaka 1-2, kumpoto zaka 2-2,5. Mphutsi za chimbalangondo zimafanana ndi munthu wamkulu, koma zazing'onozing'ono, mapiko osakhazikika ndi majini. Mu magawo oyambilira otukuka, ali ndi mafoni, amalumikizana ndipo amalumpha bwino, ngati ziwala. Munthawi ya kukula kuchokera ku mphutsi mpaka munthu wamkulu wokhwima, yemwe amabala molt 8-9.
Mphutsi za chimbalangondo wamba. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Roman Špaček
Momwe mungathanirane ndi chimbalangondo
Osakonda kununkhira kwanyanja, zimbalangondo zazing'onozi zimachoka kumayiko omwe adyo, anyezi, parsley, timbewu tonunkhira, maluwa, ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame zimamera. Zokwanira kuphatikizira m'mabedi ndi mbewu zina kuti ateteze mundawo.
Mwa njira zamakina zoongoletsera tizilombo, timatchulapo za kumasulidwa kwakuthaka ndi chikhomo cha zigawo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zolengedwa zisamadzalowe pamalowo. Nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa ndi manyowa, omwe amaphatikiza dothi.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupangira dothi m'dzinja, mutakolola, kutangotsala ozizira, kuti tizilombo titha kusintha ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Muyenera kugwiritsanso ntchito manyowa otchedwa wakucha
Kuchokera mu njira za agrotechnical zowongolera tizilombo, kufalitsa mbewu zapoizoni zapoizoni pachikhalidwe ndichofunikira. Amanyowa mu Wofatox kapena kukonzekera kofananako. Adasankhanso kukonzekera njira yam'madzi.
Medvedka ndi tizilombo tosambira tomwe timatha kusambira ndikuuluka.
Chiwerengero cha tizilombo zovulaza m'deralo chimatsitsidwa ndi 80-90%. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuli koyenera kwa anthu okhala pamalopo. Mawuwa amatanthauza kuchulukana kwa nthaka ya tizilombo. Pa lalikulu mita payenera kukhala zimbalangondo zitatu kapena zingapo.
Sinthani mankhwala ndi phulusa. Mtundu wake wamchere ndi kununkhira kumabweza tizilombo. Zimbalangondo sizimayandikira mabedi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi pomwe phulusa limapangidwira. Komabe, pamadothi amchere komanso osalowerera ndale kwambiri, ndikukulitsa ph lapansi, kusokoneza kukula kwa mbewu zambiri
Popeza zimbalangondo zimakonda kuchepa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuthilira madzi popanda kusefukira
Izi sikuti zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuzungulira kwa mizu. Ngakhale chimbalangondo chimaopseza alimiwo, tizilombo tingakhale othandiza. Idadzaza dothi pang'ono, zimbalangondo zimamasula. Izi zimathandizira kuti padziko lapansi pakhale mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti mbewu zikule.
Kodi chimbalangondo chimadya chiyani
Zakudya za chimbalangondo ndizambiri: mizu, ma tubers, mbewu, gawo lobisika la chomera, mphukira zazing'ono. Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, zachilengedwe, zokonda kulawa kwa tizilombo:
- kachikumbu
- mbatata
- kabichi
- nkhaka
- tsabola
- tomato
- mavwende
- mavwende
- mpendadzuwa
- sitiroberi
- parsley
- nyemba
- tirigu
- oats
- chimanga
- mapira
- zitsamba zosiyanasiyana
Munthu m'modzi pa usiku amatha kupha mbewu 15.
M'madera otentha, tizilombo timadya zipatso za zipatso, thonje, tiyi, mtedza. M'minda ya zipatso, mitengo imavutika ndi udzu wa kabichi: chitumbuwa, peyala, mtengo wa apulo, pichesi, apurikoti. Munkhalango, mizu ya mitengo yaying'ono imagwera mu chakudya cha kachilomboka: thundu, paini, spruce, beech.
Wachikulire ndi nyama yomwe amadya mphutsi, mphutsi, mphutsi za May ndi Colorado. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimafa chifukwa kabichi imasunthira mobisa kukafufuza zakudya za nyama ndikuwononga mizu panjira yake.
Mphutsi za chimbalangondo zimadya mizu yaying'ono, njere, nyongolotsi, mphutsi zazing'ono zazing'ono, chifukwa zimangokhala moyo wakhanda ndipo sizikhala ndi nsagwada bwino.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Chimbalangondo ndi tizilombo kapena nyama yomwe imapanga chisa m'nthaka. Makoma ake ndi dothi lophwanyika. Mkati mwake muli khungu lomwe lili ndi mazira. Chidacho chimakhala pafupi ndi pamwamba, nthawi zambiri pambali padzuwa. Nyengo ya kubereka kwa bere imayamba mu Meyi, ikumatha theka loyamba la June. Pakadali pano, tizilomboti timagwira ntchito zambiri usiku.
Maonekedwe a mphutsi kuchokera ku mazira amatenga mwezi. Makanda obadwa kumene alibe mapiko, ali ndi miyendo yayitali yakumbuyo, ngati ziwala. Ngakhale nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nsagwada zofowoka. Amangodya mizu yaying'ono, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, ndikutafuna manyowa.
Komabe, nsagwada za chimbalangondo chokulirapo sizokwanira kuluma munthu. Koma kachiromboka kamatha kudula kutsogolo, ndikusintha miyendo ndi chala. Tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono timiyendo tambiri tomwe timaboweka pakhungu, tating'ono. Chifukwa chake funso loti chimbalangondo chimaluma. Wamaluwa amatenga kuluma komwe siali.
Wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amasokoneza kachilomboka ndi mphutsi
Kutembenukira kuanthu achikulire, mphutsi za chimbalangondo zomwe zimakhetsa maulendo 8-10, ndikupeza "carapace" yatsopano. Zimatenga zaka 1-2 kuti munthu akule. Pa kubereka, enanso 1.5 atsalira. Kwa zaka zopitilira 3.5, zimbalangondo sizikhala ndi moyo nthawi zambiri.
Ngati mboziyo sifa kufa kwake, idyedwa osati ndi mbalame nthawi zonse. M'mayiko a Asia, mwachitsanzo ku Thailand, chimbalangondo chimadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali. M'mayiko ena, tizilombo amatengedwa kuti asodzi ngati nyambo. Chifukwa chake zimbalangondo zimagwera m'nsagwada za ma pikes ndi ma ponto.
Zimbalangondo Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Chingwe cha chimbalangondo chili ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, chachikulu, chofiirira, chifukwa chake chimafaniziridwa ndi chimbalangondo. Chifukwa chake dzinalo. Pakati pa anthu, kachilomboka, komwe kamakonda kudya mbande zazing'ono za kabichi, adalandira dzina lachiwiri - "kabichi".
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: michel-candel Gryllotalpa - Orthoptera (layisensi)
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi MirandaKate mole cricket (layisensi)
Palinso dzina lachi Latin - Gryllotalpa, lomwe limatanthawuza "cricket-mole." Cricket ndi kabichi zilinso ndi thupi lofanana ndipo zimatha kupanga mawu. Kufanana kwa molekyu kumatha kuyenda mobisa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokulungirako zamanja.
Chimbalangondo wamba chimawoneka chowopsa. Kutalika kwa thupi lake, poganizira mchira wake ndi masharubu, ndi 12 cm.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, chithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a chimbalangondo:
- mawonekedwe a cylindrical
- kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 5-7, mutu ndi pamimba zimatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo
- mapasa amapasa ndi ndevu zazitali pamutu
- mapiko awiri (oyamba ndi afupi komanso owaza, chachiwiri ndi chopapatiza komanso lalitali), wokutira kumbuyo, mothandizidwa ndi mapiko oterowo kabichi amatha kuwuluka mpaka mamita 5 kuchokera pansi
- bulging, maso ang'ono
- fosholo yooneka ngati fosholo komanso yoluka, mothandizidwa ndi momwe kachilomboka kamagawira pansi mosavuta
- miyendo yachiwiri yopakidwa ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, yopangidwira kuyenda mwachangu pansi
- miyendo yayitali yakumbuyo imalola kuti kachilomboka kudumpha
Zomwe chimawoneka ngati chimbalangondo ndipo mphutsi zake zimatha kuwoneka pachithunzichi.
Kulimbana ndi chimbalangondo m'munda si ntchito yovuta. Mphutsi zina ndi akulu omwe amadyedwa ndi mbalame, nyama zopanda chitetezo, zomwe zimakhalanso pansi panthaka. Koma olima munda akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse kabichi kuti apulumutse mbewu kuimfa.
Nthawi zambiri, nzika za chilimwe zimathandizanso kuoneka ngati tizilombo m'mundamo m'mene amalowetsa manyowa kuti akwaniritse nthaka yomwe amayi a kabichi ndi mphutsi zake zimakhala.
Tizilombo tamoyo ndi moyo
Medvedka ndi tizilombo tambiri ta gulu la orthoptera. Thupi lake limakhala ndi cephalothorax ndi m'mimba ndipo amatha kutalika masentimita 6. Chingaliricho chimaphimbidwa ndi mtanda wowotcha, chifukwa chomwe chimatchedwa "khansa ya m'matumbo."
Medvedka ndiowopsa ku mbewu zonse zobzalidwa m'mundamo, koma ndizowopsa pamizu ya phwetekere, kabichi, kaloti, tsabola wa belu ndi tubers mbatata. Tizilombo timene timadya mizu ya masamba, yomwe imayambitsa kufa kwake chifukwa cholephera kulandira michere m'nthaka
Pamutu pali maso awiri akulu, anangula ndi mahema. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi, koma yamphamvu kwambiri, popeza idapangidwira kukumba ndima mobisa. Pamapeto pamimba pali njira ziwiri mpaka 1 cm.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi elytra ndi mapiko akulu, chifukwa chake amayenda mlengalenga.Kuphatikiza apo, amasambira bwino komanso kuthamanga, koma amakonda kusankha zochuluka pamoyo wake mobisa.
Nthawi yamoyo ya chimbalangondo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe imayamba kuyambira mu Meyi mpaka June, zazikazi zimamanga zisa ndi kuyikira mazira. Mu malo amodzi mumatha kupezeka mphutsi zamtsogolo 500.
Chidacho chimakhala pakuzama kwa masentimita 10-15 ndipo chimawoneka ngati mtanda winawake wa dothi wokhala ndi chipinda chamkati. Kuti kukula kwamazira ndi mapangidwe amphutsi, pamafunika chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi mkazi, kutseka kolowera ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pambuyo masiku 10-18, mphutsi zimawonekera kuchokera mazira. Kunja, ali ofanana ndi achikulire, koma kukula kwawo ndi kuperewera kwa mapiko ndizosiyanitsa. Atachoka pachisa, mbadwo wachinyamatawo umayenda kupyola timiyeso, tikudya zotsalira. Pakatha miyezi 10-12, kakulidwe kakang'onoko kamakula kwambiri ndipo kamatha kukumba palokha.
Kapustyanka / Medvedka - kachilombo komwe kamakhala kutalika kwa 5-8 cm, kamakhala ndi chipolopolo ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali mobisa. Imatulutsa mwachangu ndipo imayenda mofulumira pamtunda wautali.
Pali zizindikiro zitatu zodziwonetsa bwino chimbalangondo m'khola lanyengo:
- kufota kwa mbewu
- maonekedwe padziko lamabowo akuya komanso mulifupi mwake mpaka 1.5 cm,
- kupezeka kwa mabatani a dothi omwe amawoneka bwino mvula ikagwa kapena kuthirira.
Popeza mwazindikira zizindikiritso zanu patsamba lanu, chitanipo kanthu polimbana ndi tizilombo. Izi zipulumutsa mbewu ndikuletsa kukula kwachilengedwe kwa anthu kabichi.
Chimbudzi / chimbalangondo chimakhala chowopsa pa mbewuyo - chimadya tubers ndi mizu ya mbewu zamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kufota ndi kufa. Pali nsikidzi zochepa chabe zomwe "zimatha kutchetcha" malo okhalitsa
Msampha wa Beer
Zimbalangondo sizitha kuthana ndi izi. Misampha imapangidwa ndi mitsuko yamagalasi kapena mabotolo: chimbudzi chimakumba pansi (ndi chotsetsereka), 50 g mowa umatsanuliridwamo, ndipo amamangiriridwa ndi gauze pamwamba. Tizilombo timabaya thukuta ndipo imagwera mumsampha womwe sungathe kutuluka. Pakapita kanthawi, bankiyo imadzaza zimbalangondo ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuziwononga.
Misampha ya uchi
Njira ina yochotsetsera chimbalangondo ndi wowerengeka azitsamba kungakhale kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ya uchi.
Amamangidwa molingana ndi njira ya m'mbuyomu, koma mowa umasinthidwa ndi uchi, ndipo m'malo mwa gauze, amagwiritsa ntchito chidutswa cha chitsulo kapena makatoni omwe amaphira ngalande. Msampha ukadzaza uyenera kulowedwa ndi watsopano.
Mazira
M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kutolera mazira. Amasakanizidwa ndi mafuta a masamba ndikuthira mumabowo omwe amakumba ndi chimbalangondo. Kuchita zinthu zotere kumathandizanso kutulutsa chimbalangondo. Mutha kuphwanya chipolopolo kukhala ufa ndikuyanjana ndi nthaka yomwe kubzala kwakonzedwa. Tizilombo tikalawa chipolopolo, chikafa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito fungo losasangalatsa la chimbalangondo
Fungo lina limawopsa tizilomboti. Izi zikuphatikizapo kununkhira:
- masamba a mbewa ndi adyo, ma anyezi otaya (kufalikira mwachangu pamabedi),
- nthambi za singano, msondodzi, chopondera, chrysanthemum (kukumba pansi),
- marigold, marigold, nyemba, fulakesi (zobzalidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana m'mundamo),
- mitu ndi michira yam'madzi (yogona m'manda pakati pa mbewu).
Mafungo awa amatha kuteteza motsutsana ndi chimbalangondo kwa milungu iwiri (kupatula mafungo omwe akukula).
Zinyalala monga nyambo
Tizilombo titha kuchotsetsa pokonza misampha ya manyowa: milu ya manyowa iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo onsewo. Ndikamayamba masiku otentha, zimbalangondo zidzakwiririka ndikuyamba kupanga zotchinga kuti zizikira mazira. Mutayang'ana msampha woterowo ndi kupeza tizilombo, muyenera kuwotcha. Poterepa, akulu adzawonongedwa limodzi ndi mphutsi.
Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi tizirombo. Mutha kukonzekera “malo osungira nthawi yachisanu” pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, kukumbani mabowo m'malo osiyanasiyana mdera lanyumba yotentha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikuwadzaza ndi kompositi kapena manyowa. Ndi isanayambike chisanu, zomwe zili m'maenjewo zimabalalika pansi ndi fosholo. Tizilomboti tili ndi nthawi yoti tiwolokere m'nthaka ndikuzizira.
Dzenje losaka
Njira yakale yogwirira chimbalangondo
Mu nthawi yophukira, kudera lomwe zimbalangondo zimakhazikika, amakumba mabowo angapo mpaka akuya mita 0.8, manyowa a mahatchi kapena kompositi umathiridwa m'mabowo, pambuyo poti tizilombo taganizirana kuti nthawi yozizira ilipo, mabowo amatseguka ndikuwononga tizirombo.
Kuchokera ku chipolopolo
Zofunda Zodziwika bwino za Kabichi
Nyamboyo imapangidwa kuchokera ku zipolopolo za mazira ophwanya ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa.
Kabichi itatha kudya "mawonekedwe", imakhala ndi kudzimbidwa.
Mutha kuyesa "kuchiza" chimbalangondo ndi nyambo ya porridge.
Chakudya choterocho chimakopa tizilombo
Kuti mukonzekere, sakanizani theka la kilogalamu ya phala yophika bwino (oatmeal, barele, buckwheat) ndi supuni imodzi yamafuta osapsa a mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta amodzi a Regent.
Nyambo imayikidwa m'malo a chimbalangondo ndi supuni 0,3-0,5 ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi.
Mutha kukonzanso nyambo kuchokera ku chimanga (barele, chimanga, tirigu), mbewuzo zimaphikidwa ndi kusakanizidwa ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndi ma metaphos (50 magalamu pa kilogalamu ya tirigu).
Kuchokera mkate
Nyambo yopangidwa ndi mkate yofananira imathandizanso kumenya chimbalangondo.
Kuti muone nyambo zotere, mumafunikira mkate wofewa wakuda, womwe umasungunuka ndi madzi, knead ndikukhazikitsa mipira yaying'ono.
M'kati iliyonse, ndodo 10 ikufanana mutu.
Mipira ya mkate itapendekeredwa, machesi amatulutsidwa, nyambo imakulungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikumabalalika mozungulira mundawo, kapena kuyiyika molunjika.
Mankhwala ochokera ku chimbalangondo
Pakadali pano, pali mankhwala omwe amapangidwira kumenya chimbalangondo, ndipo, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe awo, sizivulaza anthu ena okhala mu dachas.
Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amasungunuka m'madzi, pambuyo pake yankho limatsanulidwa m'mabedi kapena ma aisles.
Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ngati njira yomaliza
Mankhwala amakono opewera mankhwala amaphatikizapo:
- Bankol (imapanikiza dongosolo lamanjenje la tizilombo), mankhwalawo sadziunjikira m'nthaka ndipo sawopseza nyama,
- Bingu. Chipangizochi chimayikidwa m'mbali mwa chimbalangondo ndipo chimathiridwa ndi madzi. Zotsatira zake zimakhala kwa milungu iwiri,
- Phenaxin Plus. Nyambo ya granular, yomwe imakopa chimbalangondo ndi kununkhira komanso kukoma, itatha kudya phenaxin, tizilombo timafa,
- Chimbalangondo chofiyira Kuwononga bwino mphutsi, pambuyo pokonza zimafa tsiku limodzi, zotsatira zimakhala mpaka milungu inayi,
- Medvetox. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi za phenaxin, kuti aphatikize, nyambo imathiridwa ndi mafuta osatulutsa mpendadzuwa,
- Rembek. Uwu ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mapira, omwe amawaika m'maenje ndi mbande za maluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Ogulitsa
Yesani zoyeserera tizilombo
Mphamvu yochepa yogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ocheperako imatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito othandizira oterowo kuphatikiza njira zina zamaukadaulo ndiukadaulo.
Ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso motetezeka kuthana ndi kabichi yokhala ndi mankhwala wowerengeka.
Chithunzi cha chimbalangondo pansi
- Njira ndi yoyenera kasupe ndi chilimwe. Kuchuluka kwake kungachitike kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, musanakukumba dimba. Tengani pepala zitsulo kapena masheti. Kufalitsa padzuwa kuti chitsulo chizitentha bwino padzuwa. Kapustyanka wakawuka kuti wayowoyenge. Kenako mumawononga.
- njira. Pofuna kupulumutsa mbande zazing'ono, mapesi azomera amawakulungidwa ndi pepala lakuda musanabzale. Chitetezochi chizithandiza poyamba kuti mbeeyo ikhale. Mbande zimakulirakulira ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingawonenso.
- njira. Bzalani mbewu zomwe sizimakonda tizilombo. Zimbalangondo sizimakonda fungo la marigold. Mwa kubzala maluwa osasinthika awa pakati pa mabedi ndi mbewu, mutha kuthamangitsa tizilombo toopsa patsamba lanu.
- njira. Mutha kuthanso kabichi mothandizidwa ndi botolo la banal champagne. Ikani uchi ndi kupanikizana nyambo pamenepo ndi kukumba pakhosi. Tizilombo tomwe timagwera mumsampha.
- njira. Chingwe cholowa ndi palafini ndikutambasulidwa pansi mozungulira chingathandizire kuti nyumbayo izikhala yobiriwira.
Madzi okhala ndi ufa wosambitsa
Mtengo uliwonse wosagulika umasungunuka m'madzi mogwirizana ndi 4 tbsp. spoons pa 10 malita. Yankho limathiridwa m'mabowo omwe amapezeka m'mundamo. Monga lamulo, malita atatu a njira yotsanulira amathiridwa mu chitsime chimodzi. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti imatha kutulutsa nthaka ndikuvulaza mizu yazomera, motero sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi.
Mankhwala Otsutsana Ndi Zimbalangondo
Izi ndi monga: "Phenoxin Plus", "Prestige 290 FS", "Actar 25 WG", "Medvetoks", "Bankol", "Thunder". Ma granules amagona potseguka kwa mayendedwe. Tsiku lotsatira, tizilombo timafa. Muthanso kukonzekera nyambo ya chimbalangondo ndikuwonjezera chimodzi mwa mankhwalawa pamapangidwe ake. Kuti muchite izi, wiritsani phala (balere kapena tirigu), onjezani mowa ndi mankhwala.
Kusakaniza kumakulungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikumayikidwa m'malo ophatikizika ndi tiziromboti, komanso m'mabedi omwe amafunika kutetezedwa (mwachitsanzo, m'mabedi okhala ndi mizu, kabichi, mbatata, nkhaka ndi tomato). Mwa njira, mutha kukopa chimbalangondo posakaniza mankhwala omwe ali ndi nthangala za nkhaka.
Mafuta
Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo, pamizere ya mabedi njira zimakonkhedwa ndi palafini ndi mchenga. Muthanso kusakaniza 100 ml ya palafini ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuthira m'm ndima omwe anakumba ndi chimbalangondo. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono titha kuwononga mizu ya mbewu osati poyera, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuteteza mbewu zobiriwira ndi palafini, zimanyowetsa chingwe ndikuchiyika mozungulira nyumbayo, chifukwa fungo limawopseza chimbalangondo.
Matching Mkate
Sungunulani mkate ndi bulauni ndi madzi, phala ndikulowetsani mipira ing'onoing'ono yayikulu. Mu mpira uliwonse, ndodo 10-12 imagwirizana ndi mitu ya sulfure mkati. Mkate ukayamba kufinya, chotsani machendowo, ndikupanga zing'onozing'ono m'mipira - kukula kwa mtola. Agawani nyambo mozungulira mundawo ndikuyika zidutswa zingapo mwachindunji ponyamula chimbalangondo.
Madzi a sopo
Onjezani sopo kapena sopo (100 g) kumadzi (10 l) ndikuthira madziwo m'mabowo opangidwa ndi chimbalangondo mumtsinje wawung'ono pamlingo wa 2 l kutembenukira. Dulani tizilombo tomwe timalumpha kuchokera mdzenje ndi fosholo. Ena onse, omwe sanapeze njira yopulumukira, adzafa mobisa.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira m'malo mwa sopo, popeza imakhala ndi ma phosphates, zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera zomwe zilibe malo m'nthaka.
Mafungo onunkhiritsa
Chimbalangondo sichimakonda fungo la mbewu zina. Bzalani marigolds, calendula, chrysanthemums m'munda. Ikani nthambi za conifers (paini, spruce, fir) pakati pa mabedi, phatikizani mwatsopano kapena kapena nthambi za alder (makamaka ndi khungwa) 2-4 masentimita awiri kulowa mu dothi mpaka 30 cm.
Muthanso kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu ndi kukhetsa chimbalangondo nanu. Kapena ikani ma clove a adyo m'mabowo.
Zimbalangondo zilinso ndi adani achilengedwe: mbalame zam'madzi, akhwangwala, akhwangwala, agulugufe, ma hedgehogs. Akokereni pamalopo - ndipo "othandizira" anu achepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Chimbalangondo
- Madzi a sopo. 15 g ya sopo yochapira kapena ufa wosambitsa pang'ono umasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi. Tizilombo tambiri timatsanulidwa ndi yankho - chimbalangondo mwina chimangotuluka, pomwe chimatha kuphedwa, kapena kufa mkati.
- Mafuta. Mafuta amaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga ndikuwazidwa m'misewu yomwe imadutsa mabedi ndi mbewu, kapena mbewa zomwe zimakumbidwa ndi chimbalangizo zimathiridwa ndi palafini ndi madzi.
- Amoni 50 ml ya ammonia imawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wamadzi, ndipo mukadzala mbande, 500 g yazinthu zimatsanuliridwa pachitsime chilichonse.
Zimbalangondo zitha kupakidwa poizoni
Zoyipa za njirayi: Kusamba ndi madzi amchere:
Zodzikongoletsera
- Youma ndi kuwaza mapesi a chrysanthemum, nthambi za alder singano. Ikani mabowo mutabzala mbande.
- Masamba a adyo kapena timbewu, masamba a anyezi. Imayikidwa mwachindunji pamabedi kuzungulira gawo lonse la munda.
- Mbande za marigold, marigold, flax, nyemba. Zabzala m'malo osiyanasiyana mnyumba yakanyumba yachilimwe.
- Nsomba zazing'ono zowonongeka pang'ono zimasowetsa chimbalangondo kutali ndi mbewu. Mukabzala, mbande za nsomba zimabisala 3-4 cm mozama.
Kuipa kwa njirayi: kununkhira kumatha kuwopa chimbalangondicho kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo kumathawa kwa iwo kupita kukagona pafupi.
Njira yothandiza komanso yotsimikiziridwa yodalirika ya chimbalangondo ndi chipolopolo. Imaphwanyidwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mafuta a masamba, pambuyo pake "mankhwalawa" amathira mumkati mwa chimbalangondo. Tadya nyambo yotere, kachilombo ka nthawi yomweyo kamwalira. Zigoba za mazira zimathanso kudulidwa ndikusakanizika ndi dothi pomwe kubzala kwakonzedwa.
Maonekedwe ndi malo a chimbalangondo
Medvedka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayitanidwa ndi orthoptera. Pali mitundu yoposa zana ya ma arthropod a burrowing. Wachikulire amatha kutalika masentimita 5.
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa chimbalangondo, sichili ngati tizilombo tina - kutsogolo kwawo kumapangidwa bwino ndikupangidwa kuti athe kukumba pansi mwachangu komanso mosasamala. Ali ngati mapazi a mole kuposa cholakwika. Chimbalangondo chimakhala chofala kulikonse, m'malo osiyanasiyana chimatha kukhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, monga khansa yamtundu, vovchok, kabichi.
M'moyo ndi chithunzi, chimbalangondo chikuwoneka chowopsa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kutsogolo kwakukulu. Oimira onse amtunduwu amakhala mosabisa pansi. Mwapadera, amatha kufikira masentimita 8 kutalika. Khazikikani m'malo owumba osiyiririka.
Medvedka amakonda nthaka yonyowa komanso yotentha. Monga lamulo, pamimba ndi lalitali katatu kuposa cephalothorax, lomwe silikhala ndi tizilombo tina, limakhala lofewa kwambiri, pafupifupi, pafupifupi sentimita imodzi.
Pamapeto pamimba pali tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi lotchedwa "circus". Amatha kutalika kwa 1 sentimita. Mutu wa chimbalangondo ndi mafoni kwambiri, amatha kubisala, pangozi, pansi pa chifuwa.
Mutu wavala chisoti chachifumu ndi maso awiri, masharubu ndi mahema. Pali ma hema 4 athunthu, amapezeka kuzungulira pakamwa. Mawilili apatsogolo adapangidwa kuti akumbe pansi ndipo ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi miyendo ina.
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo kameneka kamakhala mobisa, mapiko ake amaveka korona ndi mapiko awiri aatali (nthawi zina kuposa a thupi). Monga lamulo, chimbalangondo chimakhala chofiirira kapena chakuda chakuda, chowala mpaka pansi.
Ngati ndi kotheka, chimbalangondo chimaponyera mapiko atali ndipo chimatha kuyenda pamlengalenga, koma osakwezeka kupitirira 5 metres. Palinso anthu opanda zingwe, motero ndizosatheka kunena momwe chimbalangondo chikuwonekera - zonse zimatengera mitundu.
Kulimbana ndi Chimbalangondo
Mutha kudziwa kuti chimbalangondo chakhazikika pamalopo, mutha kuwona pamtunda pamabedi, pamiyala yolumikizidwa ndi dothi, yomwe imawonekera bwino mvula ikagwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira kwambiri m'mwezi wa May, nthawi imeneyi amayamba kukwawa panthaka yotentha kale. Pakadali pano, muyenera kupanga mabowo osaya pansi ndikuwadzaza ndi manyowa atsopano osakanizidwa ndi udzu wosankhidwa. Zimbalangondo zimasonkhana m'maenje oikira mazira kuti zipange bwino mphutsi zawo. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, chilichonse chomwe chili mumsampha, kuphatikiza mphutsi, chimachotsedwa ndikuwotcha.
Kuti muchotseretu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kupeza zisa zawo. M'chilimwe ali m'nthaka yakuya, amapezeka ngakhale akukumba. Zisa zomwe zafukusidwazo zimakokedwa pansi ndi dothi lapansi, ndikuziika m'chiwiya ndikuchiwononga. Ndikofunika kuchita izi osaleka mkaziyo kuti athawe. Ngati atha kuthawa, ndiye kuti mukufalitsa masamba onse a poizoni pazinthu zonse zomwe mwapeza.
Pali njira inanso yowonongera tizilombo, mutapeza chisa, muyenera kuidzaza ndi madzi a sopo kuti athe kulowa m'malo onse okumba. Sopo yankho - 10 g ya sopo yochapira imatsitsidwa mu malita 10 a madzi, 50 g ya ufa wochapira umawonjezeredwa ku yankho.Mutha kudzaza ndima ndi mafuta a masamba ndi madzi - sakanizani 1 tbsp. l Mafuta okhala ndi malita 4 amadzi.
Ngati mumatha kuzindikira tizilombo kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndiye dikirani mpaka nthawi yophukira, pomwe kutentha kwa nthaka kumatsika mpaka madigiri 8 (koma osatsika), konzani maenje osaka, akuya masentimita 50-60, kuphimba makoma awo pansi ndi wokutira ndi pulasitiki, dzazani manyowa omwe adayamba kuwotcha komanso kuphimba chilichonse ndi chivindikiro. Chisanu chikamalowera, chotsani ndowe momwe zimbalangondo zimasonkhanirana mu maenje ndikuzibalalitsa m'mabedi. Tizilombo tidzafa chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa, kutentha kotsika madigiri asanu kutha kusuntha.
Moyo
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungachotsere tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, munthu ayenera kudziwa momwe amakhalira ndi chimbalangondo. Mu tizilombo, magawo angapo a chitukuko amasiyanitsidwa - kuchokera dzira kupita kwa wamkulu (imago).
Kukwatitsa ndi kubereka kumayambira mu Meyi, ndipo kumatha nyengo yonse yotentha. Kabichi wachikulire imakhala mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka. M'machitidwe opangidwa mwaluso, nthawi yake yamoyo imafika zaka zitatu. Ndipo kuzungulira kwazamoyo kumatenga zaka 5.
Kodi mantha
Kabichi ili ndi adani achilengedwe. Nyama zambiri zimadya, imakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus, komanso imawoneka yolumikizana pakati pakukonza kwa tizilombo tina.
Zomwe chimbalangondo chimachita mantha ndi omwe amamuyika pachiwopsezo:
- wokhala ndi tsitsi
- makoswe
- Nyama zoyipa,
- zirombo
- amphibians
- arachnids
- amphaka.
Kukula kwa chimbalangondo kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha fungal matenda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso maudzu timasokoneza moyo wa tizilombo. Amamera pakabichi, ndikupanga ana awoawo (kuyikira mazira ake).
Komwe kumakhala
Kukhazikitsidwa kwachilengedwe kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kosiyanasiyana, koma zonsezi ndizogwirizana ndi komwe chimbalangondo chimakhala. Pofuna nthawi yozizira, tizilombo timalowa kwambiri pansi. Amamanga chisa chawo pakuzama mamita 2. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamulu wa manyowa a ng'ombe kapena mwachindunji momwemo.
Imayambiranso ntchito yake ndikubwera kwa kutentha pomwe nthaka ikuwotha mpaka +12 ° C. M'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, kumakhala kovuta chaka chonse.
Kuluma kapena ayi
Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti chimbalangondo chikuluma kapena ayi. Pofuna kunyengerera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifunika kukhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka zida zapakamwa. Monga lamulo, iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wotseketsa wamapangidwe ake.
Ndi thandizo lawo, mizu ya tizilombo ta udzu, dothi lomera lamasamba, ndimatafuna chakudya chambiri. Ndipo zida zam'kamwa zimakhala ndi mahema awiri, amakulolani kupeza ndikusunga chakudya.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono sitingagwire ntchito zina ndi izi. Pakuluma khungu, silinapangidwe. Komanso, chimbalangondo chiribe chosowa chotere (sichikopa magazi). Mwachidziwikire, ntchentche za kabichi siziluma.
Pochita izi, amasuntha miyendo yake m'manja mwa munthu, ndikuwonetsa zosautsa, zomwe nthawi zina zimadziwika kuti kuluma. Koma ichi ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba.
Chimbalangondo ndi tizilombo tosokoneza bongo zomwe sizingaopseze anthu, koma zimavulaza pafupifupi mbewu zonse za m'munda. Pamaganizidwe amenewa, ngati tiziromboti tikapezeka kuti tili ndi vuto, tiyenera kuchita zinthu panthawi yake kuti tichotse mankhwalawo.