Taipan (kuchokera ku Latin Oxyuranus) ndi mtundu wa imodzi mwazinyama zoyipa kwambiri komanso zoopsa padziko lathu lapansi kuchokera ku gulu lankhondo, banja la akatswiri.
Pali mitundu itatu yokha ya nyama:
— Taipan Yogombe (kuchokera ku Latin Oxyuranus scutellatus).
- Njoka yankhanza kapena yachipululu (yochokera ku Latin Oxeuranus microlepidotus).
- Taipan inland (kuchokera ku Latin Oxyuranus temporalis).
Taipan ndiye njoka yoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi, mphamvu ya poizoni wake imakhala yolimba kwambiri maulendo pafupifupi 150 kuposa mtundu wa cobra. Mlingo umodzi wa poizoni wa njoka iyi ndikokwanira kutumiza kudziko lina kuposa akuluakulu zana omwe amapanga sing'anga. Pakuluma pachilumba chotere, ngati mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pasanathe maola atatu, ndiye kuti munthu adzafa maola asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
Zojambula m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Madotolo apanga kumene ndipo adayamba kupanga mankhwala opha poizoni ku Taipan, ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku poizoni wa njoka izi, omwe amatha kupezeka mpaka 300 mg pakangodutsa kamodzi. Pankhani imeneyi, ku Australia kuli osaka angapo osaka mitundu iyi ya maulosi ndipo m'malo awa mutha kungoyambira gulani njoka ya taipan.
Ngakhale malo osungira nyama ochepa padziko lapansi amatha kukumana ndi njoka izi chifukwa cha chiwopsezo ku moyo wa ogwira ntchito komanso zovuta kuti athe kukhala mu ukapolo. Dera malo okhala njoka chatsekedwa pa kontinenti imodzi - awa ndi Australia ndi zilumba za Papua New Guinea.
Kugawidwa kwa malo komweko kungamveke bwino kuchokera ku mayina amtundu wa mitundu ya zinthuzi. Kwasiyidwa taipan kapena njoka yoyipa, monga amatchedwanso, amakhala kumadera apakati a Australia, pomwe taipan ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndiyofala pagombe la Kumpoto ndi Kumpoto kwa East kontinenti ino komanso zilumba zapafupi ndi New Guinea.
Oxyuranus temporalis amakhala kwambiri ku Australia ndipo adadziwikiridwa kuti ndi mtundu wina wosiyana posachedwapa, mu 2007. Ndi osowa kwambiri, chifukwa pakadali pano amaphunziridwa bwino komanso kufotokozedwa. Njoka za Taipan zimakhala m'malo a matalala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Njoka yankhanzayo imasankha dothi louma, minda yayikulu ndi zigwa kuti ikhale ndi moyo.
Kunja, mitunduyi ilibe zosiyana kwambiri. Thupi lalitali kwambiri ndi taipan ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, imafika pamtunda wamtali mpaka mamitala atatu ndi theka ndi kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi. Njoka za chipululu ndizofupikitsa - kutalika kwake kumafikira mamita awiri.
Kukula kwa utoto njoka ya taipan zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira bulawuni mpaka bulauni, nthawi zina pamakhala anthu ofiira pang'ono. Mimba imakhala yowala mitundu, kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mitundu yakuda. Mutu ndimaso ochepa wakuda kuposa kumbuyo. Phokoso limakhala lopepuka kuposa thupi.
Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka, njoka zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mtundu wamamba, ndikusintha mawonekedwe a thupi ndi molt wina. Kulingalira mano a nyama izi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera. Kuyatsa chithunzi cha nyoka wa taipan mutha kuwona mano akulu ndi akulu (mpaka 1-1.3 cm) omwe amaluma nawo omwe amawapha.
Mu chithunzi, pakamwa ndi mano a taipan
Pakumeza chakudya, pakamwa pa njoka imatseguka kwambiri, pafupifupi madigiri makumi asanu ndi anayi, kuti mano apite kumbali ndi kukwera, potero osasokoneza gawo la chakudya mkati.
Khalidwe la Taipan ndi moyo wake
Nthawi zambiri anthu a Taipan amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mkatikati mwa kutentha kumene amakonda kuti asawonekere padzuwa ndiye kusaka kwawo kumayamba madzulo dzuwa litalowa kapena kuyambira m'mawa kwambiri, kunja kukalibe kutentha.
Amakhala nthawi yayitali kukasaka chakudya ndi kusaka, nthawi zambiri amabisala kutchire ndikudikirira kuti akuwonekere. Ngakhale njoka zamtunduwu zimatha nthawi yayitali popanda kusuntha, ndizosewera kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa. Wina akamaonekera kapena akakhala pangozi, njoka imatha kuyenda m'masekondi atatu ndi theka m'mphindi zochepa.
Kuyatsa Kanema wa njoka wa Taipan mutha kuwona mphezi zomwe zikuthamanga ngati mphezi pamiyendo yathu. Nthawi zambiri banja la njoka ya taipan Sichikhala patali ndi malo okhala anthu panthaka zopangidwa ndi anthu (mwachitsanzo, malo olimidwa nzimbe), chifukwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimakhala m'malo amenewa, omwe pambuyo pake amapita kukadyetsa ma poizoni.
Koma ma Taipan sasiyana mumtopola uliwonse, amayesa kukhala kutali ndi munthuyo ndipo amatha kuukira pokhapokha atadziwopseza okha kapena ana awo kwa anthu.
Asanaukire, njokayo ikuwonetsa kusakondwa kwake munjira iliyonse yomwe ikubwera, ikugwetsa kumapeto kwa mchira wake ndikukweza mutu wake. Ngati izi zidayamba kuchitika, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti muchokere pamalopo chifukwa mwakanthawi, ndikulandilanso nthawi ina.
Chakudya Cha Njoka cha Taipan
Njoka Yaiwisi Ya Taipan, monga zina zambiri zofunikira, amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi zolengedwa zina. Achule ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono amathanso kudya chakudya.
Pofunafuna chakudya, njokayo imayang'anitsitsa malo omwe ali pafupi ndipo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino, imazindikira kayendedwe kakang'ono padziko lapansi. Atazindikira kuti adyera, amamuyandikira pamaulendo angapo mwachangu ndikuluma kamodzi kapena kawiri ndi nthenga zakuthwa, kenako ndikusunthira patali kuti akaoneke, kulola kuti phukusi lifa ndi poizoni.
Ma poizoni omwe ali mu ululu wa njoka izi amaletsa minofu ya wogwidwa ndi kupuma. M'tsogolo, taipan kapena njoka yankhanza kuyandikira ndi kumeza mtembo wa chulu kapena chule, yemwe umalowetsedwa mosavuta m'thupi.
Njoka ya Taipan. Moyo wa njoka za taipan ndi malo okhala
Kwa nthawi yayitali palibe amene amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza njokayo, ndipo zonse zomwe zafotokozedwazi zinkabisidwa mwachinsinsi. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe adamuwona, pokhapokha kutulutsa mawu kwawoko komwe kunanenedwa kuti kulipodi.
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chiwiri za zana la 19, njokayo idafotokozedwa koyamba, kenako idasoweka kwazaka 50. Nthawi imeneyo, pafupifupi anthu zana limodzi amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakumwa ndi asp, ndipo anthu amafunikiradi mankhwala.
Ndipo kale mchaka cha 50 cha zana lomaliza, wakambowo wokhala ndi njoka, Kevin Baden, adapita kukamufuna, atamupeza, koma wogwirayo mwanjira inayake adawombera ndikumenya. Anakwanitsa kuyipaka m'matumba apadera, nyama yamtunduyi anaigwira ndikupititsa ku phunzirolo.
Chifukwa chake, pamtengo wa moyo wa munthu m'modzi, mazana ena anapulumutsidwa. Katemera wopulumutsa anapangidwa, koma amayenera kuperekedwako pasanathe mphindi zitatu kuluma, apo ayi kufa kunali kosapeweka.
Pambuyo pake, malo azachipatala adakhala mugule taipans. Kuphatikiza pa katemera, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwa kuchokera ku poizoni. Koma sikuti mlenje aliyense anavomera kuti awagwire, podziwa kuti akuchita zankhanza kwambiri komanso kuwononga mwachangu. Ngakhale makampani a inshuwaransi anakana kupangira inshuwaransi chifukwa cha njoka izi.
Kuberekanso ndi Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Njoka ya Taipan
Pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka, a Taipan achimuna amatha kutha msinkhu, pomwe akazi amakhala okonzekera kuphatikiza patha zaka ziwiri zokha. Pofika nyengo yakukhwima, yomwe, makamaka, imatha kuchitika chaka chonse, koma ili ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu (ku Australia, kasupe wa Julayi-Okutobala), nkhondo zankhondo zamphongo zokhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi zimachitika, pambuyo pake njoka zimagawikana pawiri kuti apange pakati.
Chithunzi cha chisa cha Taipan
Kuphatikiza apo, chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukhathamira, nthengayo imachotsedwera kumalo osungirako amphongo, osati achikazi. Mimba yaikazi imatenga masiku 50 mpaka 80 pamapeto pake pomwe imayamba kuyikira mazira ake pamalo omwe anakonzedweratu, omwe, nthawi zambiri, amakhala mabowo a nyama zina, zolakwika m'nthaka, miyala kapena mizu pamizu yamitengo.
Pafupifupi, mayi m'modzi amaikira mazira 10-15, mbiri yakale kwambiri yojambulidwa ndi asayansi ndi mazira 22. Chaka chonse, chachikazi chimayikira mazira kangapo.
Miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu izi zitachitika, ana ang'onoang'ono amayamba kuwoneka, omwe nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukula ndipo posachedwa amasiya banja kuti likhale ndi moyo wodziimira pawokha. Kuthengo, palibe cholembedwa chamoyo chilichonse cha taipan. M'malo otetezedwa, njoka izi zimakhala zaka 12-15.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy
Taipan awiri aku Australia: taipan (O. scutellatus) ndi taipan McCoy (O. microlepidotus) amagawana makolo wamba. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mitundu ya mitochondrial ya mitundu iyi akuwonetsa chisinthiko chosinthika ndi kholo limodzi zaka 9 miliyoni zapitazo. Taipan McCoy adadziwika kwa aborigine aku Australia zaka 40,000-60,000 zapitazo. Aaborijini m'dera lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Laguna Goyder kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South Australia, Taipan McCoy amatchedwa Dandarabilla.
Maonekedwe a taipan
Taipan ali ndi kukula kosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, Museum ya Queensland inawonetsa chowopsa cha njokayo, yomwe thupi lake ndi lalitali mamita 2.9, munthu uyu anali wolemera kilogalamu 6.5.
Koma mutha kupezanso zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu ndi kukula kwa 3.3 metres. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa Taipans ndi 1.96 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kilogalamu 3.
Taipan ndi njoka yayikulu.
Mutu wa njoka izi ndi zazitali, zopapatiza. Maso ndi akulu, ozungulira. Iris ndi yakuda kapena yofiirira. Thupi limakhala lakuda kwambiri kuposa muzzle. Thupi la njokayo ndi lamphamvu ndi lamphamvu. Mtundu umatengera dera lomwe akukhalamo, makamaka ndi maolivi opepuka, koma amatha kukhala amtundu wakuda kapena bulauni. Palinso taipans zakuda. Utoto kumbuyo kumakhala wakuda kuposa mbali. Mimba imakhala yoyera kapena chikasu choyera; mawanga a pinki kapena a lalanje nthawi zambiri amawonekera.
Zochita za Taipan ndi Zakudya Zabwino
Malo okhala a Taipan ndi onyowa, owuma komanso opanda nkhalango. Zokondedwa m'malo mwa zotsalazo ndi madera otentha a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu a Taipan amakhala m'malo opezeka mabizinesi m'mizinda, komanso m'minda yokumbira yopangidwa ndi anthu. Minda ya nzimbe, komwe kuli makoswe ambiri, ndi malo omwe njoka zimakonda. Ma taipan nthawi zambiri amalowa m'matumba a nyama, milu ya zinyalala ndi mitengo yopanda kanthu.
Msonkhano ndi taipan wamunthu ukhoza kutha momvetsa chisoni.
Njoka izi zimagwira ntchito m'mawa, koma nthawi yotentha, kutentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amasinthira ku chakudya chamadzulo. Amawona bwino mumdima. Pa kayendedwe, achita tauna amatukula mitu yawo ndikuyang'ana nyama. Atamupeza, njokayo imayamba kugwa, kenako imamugwirira nthawi yomweyo ndikuluma kangapo. Kenako imalola wovutikayo kuthawa, chifukwa makoswewo amatha kuvulaza pomenya nkhondo. Nyama yokhala ndi poizoni sangathe kupita patali. Akaluma, amwalira pasanathe mphindi 15 mpaka 20.
Ma taipan amadya timiyala tating'ono.
Ma taipan amadya makoswe ndi mbalame. Oimira amtunduwu ndiwakuthwa mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amawukira anthu. Njoka ikaluma munthu, ndiye kuti, ngati thupi lili lofooka, limatha kufa mkati mwa theka la ola. Koma, monga lamulo, nthawi yayitali imafika mphindi 90. Ngati simukuyambitsa antidote, ndiye kuti mu 100% ya milandu imachitika. Izi zikusonyeza kuti taipan ndi njoka yoopsa, choncho kukumana ndi iye kumatha kutha kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni.
Poison wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Mano aukalamba a Adip Taipan afika 1,3 cm kutalika. Tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono ta njoka timakhala ndi pafupifupi 400 mg ya poizoni, koma pafupifupi kuchuluka kwake sikoposa 120 mg. Poizoni wa nyama yam'madzi yotereyi imakhala ndi minyewa yamphamvu ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi coagulopathic. Ngati poizoni walowa m'thupi, minyewa yake imayamba kupindika, komanso minyewa yopuma imafooka ndipo magazi amayamba kufooka. Kuluma kwa taipan nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa imfa pasanathe maola 12 poizoniyu utalowa m'thupi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Kudera la dziko la Australia ku Queensland, komwe ma taipan am'madzi amakhala ponseponse, kuluma kwachiwiri kumwalira chifukwa cha chiphe cha njoka yoopsya iyi.
Poyeserera, mwa pafupifupi, pafupifupi 40-44 mg wa poyizoni atha kupezeka kuchokera kwa njoka wamkulu imodzi. Mlingo wocheperako ndi wokwanira kupha anthu zana limodzi kapena mbewa 250,000 zoyesera. Mlingo woopsa wa taipan ululu ndi LD50 0.01 mg / kg, womwe ndi woopsa nthawi 178-180 poyerekeza ndi cobra. Dziwani kuti kupweteka kwa njoka sikomwe kulibe chida chachikulu kwambiri, koma ndi chakudya cham'mimba kapena malovu otchedwa osinthika.
Taipan McCoy
Taipan McCoy (lat.Oxyuranus microlepidotus) kapena inland taipan (inland taipan) - imatenga kutalika kwa 1.9 m. Mtundu wammbuyo umasiyana kuchokera pakuda bii kukhala udzu, njoka yokhayi yaku Australia yomwe imasintha mtundu kutengera nthawi ya chaka - nyengo yozizira (June-August), njoka iyi sikatentha kwambiri imayamba kugwa. Mutu umakhala wakuda ndipo umatha kukhala ndi mtundu wakuda wonyezimira.
Mtunduwo umangokhala pakati pa Australia - makamaka kum'mawa kwa Queensland, koma sapezeka kumpoto kwa mayiko oyandikana ndi New South Wales ndi Northern Territory. Chimakhala m'madambo owuma ndi zipululu, kubisala ming'alu ndi zolakwika za nthaka, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa. Amadya pafupifupi zazing'ono zokha. Akazi amaikira mazira 12-20 mu ming'alu yayikulu kapena m'makola osiyidwa; Masiku 66.
Ili ndiye njoka yolusa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pafupipafupi, 44 mg wa poizoni amapezeka kuchokera ku njoka imodzi - iyi ndi yokwanira kupha anthu 100 kapena mbewa 250,000. Ndi mulingo woopsa wa LD50 wa 0,01 mg / kg, ululu wake umakhala wolimba pafupifupi kokwana 180 kuposa poizoni wa cobra. Komabe, mosiyana ndi taipan, taipan ya McCoy siyowopsa; milandu yonse yolembedwa chifukwa chogwira mosasamala. Zambiri sizikudziwika za njoka'yi.
Habitat, malo okhala
Njoka yoopsayo ndi munthu wokhala ku Australia, amakonda dera lapakati ndi zigawo zakumpoto. Zamoyo zokhala m'madzi zimakhazikika kumapiri owuma komanso m'malo achipululu, pomwe zimabisala ming'alu zachilengedwe, zolakwika za dothi kapena pansi pa miyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidziwike kwambiri.
Zakudya Zam'madzi Zam'mbali
Zomwe zimadyedwa ndi taipan ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyama zazikulu komanso zazing'ono zazikazi, kuphatikizapo makoswe osiyanasiyana. Taipan McCoy, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "taipan wakunyanja" kapena "taipan" wam'madzi, amadya zolengedwa zazing'ono zochepa, osagwiritsa ntchito ma amphibians konse.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale zili ndi zoopsa, taipan imatha kukhala nyama zambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zimbalangondo, zokhala malo ogona, zotchingira, masoka, komanso zilombo zazikulu zokhala ndi mbewe. Njoka yowopsa yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu kapena paminda yokhala mabango nthawi zambiri imawonongedwa ndi anthu.
Kanema: Njoka ya Taipan McCoy
Taipan iyi yoyamba kukopa chidwi chake mu 1879. Zowopsa ziwiri za njoka zam'madzi zidapezeka pakuwombera kwa Murray ndi Darling Rivers kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Victoria ndikufotokozedwa ndi Frederick McCoy, yemwe adatchulira mtundu wa Diemenia microlepidota. Mu 1882, fanizo lachitatu linapezeka kufupi ndi Bourke, New South Wales, ndipo D. Maclay anafotokozanso njoka yomweyo yotchedwa Diemenia ferox (poganiza kuti inali mitundu ina). Mu 1896, a George Albert Boulanger adagawana njoka zonse ziwiri kuti ndi za mtundu womwewo, Pseudechis.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Oxyuranus microlepidotus ndi dzina la njomial njoka kuyambira 1980s. Dzinalo Oxyuranus kuchokera ku Greek OXYS ndi "lakuthwa, lopindika ngati singano" ndi Ouranos "arch" (makamaka, gulu lakumwamba) ndipo amatanthauza kachipangizo ka singano pamtambo wa thambo, dzina loti microlepidotus limatanthawuza "laling'ono" (lat).
Popeza zidapezeka kuti njokayo (yomwe kale inali Parademansia microlepidota) ili gawo la genus Oxeuranus (taipan) ndi mtundu wina, Oxeuranus scutellatus, yemwe asanatchulidwe kuti taipan (dzinalo limachokera ku dzina la njokayo kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Dhayban Aboriginal), adayikidwa ngati gombe Taipan, ndi Oxyuranus microlepidotus waposachedwa, adadziwika kuti Taipan McCoy (kapena Western Taipan). Pambuyo pofotokozera koyamba za njokayo, zambiri za izo sizinabwerebe mpaka 1972, pamene mtunduwu udatsegulidwanso.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy Njoka
Njoka ya Taipan McCoy imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira pamdima wokhazikika mpaka wobiriwira wonyezimira (kutengera nyengo). Kumbuyo, mbali ndi mchira zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi ndi ya bulauni, yokhala ndi masikelo ambiri okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamtambo wakuda. Makala omwe adalembedwera mumdima ali m'mizere yofananira, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zilembo zosinthasintha kutalika mmbuyo ndi pansi. Miyezo yotsika yapafupipafupi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi malire achikasu, milingo ya dorsal yosalala.
Mutu ndi khosi lokhala ndi mphuno yozungulira imakhala ndi mithunzi yakuda kwambiri kuposa thupi (nthawi yozizira - yakuda bii, yotentha - yotuwa). Mtundu wakuda kwambiri umalola kuti Taipan McCoy azitenthe yekha, ndikuwonetsa gawo laling'ono la thupi pakhomo ladzenje. Maso akakulidwe apakatikati amakhala ndi khungu loyera ndipo silowoneka bwino m'mbali mwake.
Chosangalatsa: Taipan McCoy amatha kusintha mtundu wake kuti ukhale kutenthedwa ndi mpweya wakunja, motero kumawalala nthawi yotentha komanso kuzizira.
Taipan McCoy ali ndi mizere 23 mkati mwa thupi, kuyambira 55 mpaka 70 mamba amagawikana. Kutalika kwa njoka kuli pafupifupi 1.8 m, ngakhale toyesa zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kutalika kwathunthu mamita 2.5. Makina ake amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 3.5 mpaka 6.2 mm (wamfupi kuposa wa taipan wam'mphepete).
Tsopano mukudziwa za njoka yoyipa kwambiri Taipan McCoy. Tiwone komwe amakhala ndi zomwe amadya.
Kodi njoka ya Taipan McCoy imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njoka Ya Poipa Ya Taipan McCoy
Taipanyu amakhala kumapeto kwa chernozem komwe kumakhala madera ouma omwe malire a Queensland ndi South Australia amalumikizana. Amakhala mdera laling'ono m'mapululu otentha, koma pali malipoti a zochitika zapadera kumwera kwa New South Wales. Malo awo amakhala kutali kumidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, malo omwe amagawikidwira si akulu kwambiri. Misonkhano pakati pa anthu ndi Taipan McCoy ndiyosowa, chifukwa njokayo imabisala kwambiri ndipo imakonda kukhazikika kumadela akutali. Pamenepo amamasuka, makamaka m'mitsinje youma ndi m'mitsinje yopanda zitsamba.
Taipan McCoy ali kwathunthu ku Australia. Mtundu wake sunaphunziridwe kwathunthu, chifukwa njoka izi ndizovuta kutsata chifukwa chobisalira, komanso chifukwa zimabisala m ming'alu ndi zolakwika za dothi.
Ku Queensland, njoka idawonedwa:
- Dayamantina National Park,
- m'malo ophera ng'ombe Durrie ndi Plains Morney,
- Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Astrebla Downs.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a njoka izi adalembedwa ku South Australia:
- Gayder's lagoon,
- Chipululu cha Tirari
- Chipululu cha miyala ku Sturt,
- near Kungi,
- ku Innamincka Regional Wild Refuge,
- m'matawuni a Odnadatta.
Anthu okhala kwina amapezekanso pafupi ndi mzinda wapansi wa Coober Pedy. Pali zolembedwa ziwiri zakale zakukhazikika komwe kumwera chakum'mawa komwe kupezeka njoka ya Taipan McCoy: kuphatikizika kwa mitsinje ya Murray ndi Darling kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Victoria (1879) ndi mzinda wa Burke, New South Wales (1882) . Komabe, nyamazo sizinawonekebe mwanjira iliyonse kuyambira pano.
Kodi njoka ya Taipan McCoy idya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy Njoka Yoopsa
Kuthengo, taipan mccoy imadyera nyama zoyamwitsa zokha, makulidwe ambiri, monga makoswe a tsitsi lalitali (R. villosissimus), mbewa zosanja (P. australis), marsupial jerboas (A. laniger), mbewa zapakhomo (Mus musculus) ndi dasurids ena, ndi Komanso mbalame ndi abuluzi. Ali kundende, amatha kudya nkhuku zatsiku ndi tsiku.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ma fangs a Taipan McCoy ali ndi 10 mm kutalika, komwe amatha kuluma ngakhale nsapato zolimba zachikopa.
Mosiyana ndi njoka zina zakupha, zomwe zimamenyedwa ndi kuluma komwe, kenako ndikubwerera, kudikirira kufa kwa wozunzidwayo, njoka yoopsa imagonjetsa womuzunza ndi mikwingwirima mwachangu, yolondola. Amadziwika kuti kuluma kwakupha kokwana asanu ndi atatu kumatha kupulumutsidwa kamodzi, nthawi zambiri kumadula nsagwada ndikuponyera zigawo zingapo pomenyera kamodzi. Njira yowopseza kwambiri ya Taipan McCoy imaphatikizira kumugwira wolumalayo ndi thupi lake ndikuluma mobwerezabwereza. Amabweretsa sumu zapoizoni kwambiri popereka nsembe. Chidacho chimagwira mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti chopangacho sichikhala ndi nthawi yoti chibwezere.
Taipans McCoy samakumana ndi anthu kuthengo chifukwa cha kutalikirana komanso mawonekedwe osakhalitsa padziko lapansi masana. Ngati simupanga kugwedezeka kwambiri ndi phokoso, samva nkhawa kuchokera pamaso pa munthu. Komabe, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa ndikutali mtunda, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuluma komwe kungaphe. Taipan McCoy adzadzitchinjiriza ndi kuwombera pofuna kuputa, kuvutitsa, kapena kuletsa kuthawa kwake.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy ku Australia
Taipan wamkati imadziwika kuti ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo poizoni wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa poizoni wam'mimba. Kukaluma njoka, imatha kufa mkati mwa mphindi 45 ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo samayikidwa. Imagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, kutengera nyengo. Pakati pa chilimwe kokha pomwe Taipan McCoy amapita kukasaka usiku ndi kubwereranso masana kupita kumayikidwe osiyidwa am'mzimu.
Chosangalatsa: Mu Chingerezi, njoka imatchedwa "njoka yolusa." Taipan McCoy adalandira dzina ili kuchokera kwa alimi, chifukwa nthawi zina pakasaka amatsatira ziweto pabusa. Chifukwa cha mbiri yake yomwe adapeza komanso kuyamwa kwambiri, idasanduka njoka yotchuka kwambiri ku Australia m'ma 1980s.
Komabe, Taipan McCoy ndi nyama yamanyazi yomwe, ikafuna ngozi, imathamanga ndikubisala m'ming'alu mobisa. Komabe, ngati kuthawa sikungatheke, amasamukira kumalo achitetezo ndikudikirira nthawi yoyenera kuti alume wozunza. Mukakumana ndi izi, simungakhale otetezeka njoka ikangokhala chete.
Monga njoka zambiri, ngakhale Taylan McCoy amakhalabe wamtopola, pomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndizowopsa. Akazindikira kuti simukufuna kumuvulaza, amasiya kuchita ukali wonse, ndipo mutha kukhala pafupi naye pafupi. Mpaka pano, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe adalumidwa ndi mtunduwu, ndipo aliyense wapulumuka chifukwa chothandizidwa mwachangu ndi chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala oyamba.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy Njoka
Khalidwe laimenyedwe wamwamuna lidalembedwa kumapeto kwa dzinja pakati pa awiri akulu, koma osagonana. Pakupita pafupifupi theka la nkhondo, njoka zija zimagwirana, ndikukweza mitu yawo patsogolo pa thupilo ndipo "nadziponyerana" wina aliyense pakamwa pawo atatsekedwa. Taipan McCoy akuti amakwatirana kuthengo kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Akazi amayikira mazira mkati mwa kasupe (theka lachiwiri la Novembala). Kukula kwa zomangamanga kumasiyana kuchokera kuzidutswa 11 mpaka 20, kutalika kwake kumakhala kukula kwa 16. Mazira ali ndi 6 x 3.5 cm. Kuti awbereke, zimatenga masabata 9-11 ku 27-30 ° C. Makanda obadwa chatsopano amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 47. Akapolo, akazi amatha kubereka ndodo ziwiri nthawi imodzi yobala.
Chosangalatsa: Malinga ndi International Species Information System, taipan McCoy amasungidwa m'malo atatu osunga nyama: Adelaide, Sydney ndi Moscow Zoo ku Russia. Ku Zoo yaku Moscow, amasungidwa "Reptile House", yomwe nthawi zambiri siyotsegulidwa kwa anthu onse.
Mazira nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu maboti a nyama osiyidwa ndimiyala yayikulu. Ziwerengero zake zimadalira chakudya chawo: ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira, njoka imaberekera zochepa. Njoka zaukapolo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 10 mpaka 15. Nthawi ina taipan yakhala m'malo osungirako nyama ku Australia kwazaka zopitilira 20.
Mtunduwu umadutsa mozungulira “mmwamba ndi pansi” pomwe anthu amayamba kukula ngati mliri pamnyengo zabwino ndikusowa pachilala. Pakakhala chakudya chamagulu ambiri, njoka zimamera msanga ndikukhala zonenepa, koma chakudya chikasowa, njoka zimadalira nyama zomwe sizikudya komanso / kapena gwiritsani ntchito mafuta osungirako kufikira nthawi yabwino.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Taipan McCoy Njoka
Monga njoka iliyonse yaku Australia, taipan McCoy ndiotetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Australia. Udindo wosungira njoka udayesedwa koyamba pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN mu Julayi 2017, ndipo mu 2018 adasankhidwa kuti ndiwoperewera kwambiri. Mtunduwu umaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazochepera pang'ono, popeza ndi wofalikira pamitundu yake ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikunachepe. Ngakhale kuthekera kwa zoopseza zomwe zingafunike kumafunikira kafukufuku wina.
Chitetezo cha Taipan McCoy chatsimikizidwanso ndi magwero ena ku Australia:
- South Australia: (Malo okhala madera ochepa) Oopsa
- Queensland: Osachedwa (mpaka 2010), Okhala Pangozi (Meyi 2010 - Disembala 2014), Oopsa owopsa (Disembala 2014 - alipo),
- New South Wales: akuti amwalira. Kutengera ndi ziwonetserozo, sizinalembedwe m'malo omwe anali nawo ngakhale zowunikira mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka moyo wawo ndi mtundu wawo,
- Victoria: m'deralo. Kutengera zomwe akuti "Zitha, koma kudera linalake (pano, boma la Victoria), lomwe silifotokoza kuchuluka konse kwa taxon.
Nyoka ya Taipan McCoy Amaganiza kuti adzasowa m'malo ena, monga ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wobisalira m'malo odziwika ndi / kapena malo omwe akuyembekezeka, panthawi yoyenera (tsiku ndi tsiku, munthawi yake, pachaka) kudera lonse, sizinali zotheka kulembetsa anthu payekha. Kafukufuku anachitika nthawi yayitali yolingana ndi kayendedwe ka moyo ndi mawonekedwe a moyo wa taxon.
