Nthawi ina, pagombe la India ku Marwar, sitimayo idagwa pomwe mahatchi achi Arabia opalasa amayenda. Mahatchi asanu ndi awiri anapulumuka ndipo posakhalitsa anagwidwa ndi anthu akumaloko, omwe pambuyo pake anayamba kuwoloka ndi mahatchi achimwenye achikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, alendo asanu ndi awiri ochokera mchombo choyatsidwa adayala maziko a mtundu wapadera marvari…

Umu ndi momwe chikhalidwe chakale cha ku India chimamvekera, ngakhale kuchokera pa lingaliro lasayansi, mbiriyakale ya chiyambi cha mtundu wapaderawu ndiosiyana. Kuyang'ana chithunzi marvari, mukumvetsetsa kuti, zowonadi, magazi achiArabu sakanachita pano.

Malinga ndi asayansi, m'mitsempha ya mahatchi amenewa mumayenda magazi a mitundu yaku Mongolia ndi mahatchi ochokera kumayiko omwe amakhala m'malire a India: Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Afghanistan.

Zinthu ndi malo okhala kavalo Marvari

Mbiri yakale ya marache inayamba ku Middle Ages. Kuswana ndi kusungidwa kwa mtundu uwu kunachitika ndi gulu lapadera la a Rajputs, makamaka a Rathor fuko, omwe amakhala kumadzulo kwa India.

Zotsatira zosankhidwa molimba zinali kavalo wankhondo wangwiro - wolimba, wopanda ulemu komanso wachisomo. Zida za ku Marvari zitha kuchita osamwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kumangokhutira ndi masamba ochepa okha am'mphepete mwa Rajasthan, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuphimba mtunda wawutali pafupi ndi mchenga.

Kufotokozera kwa mtunduwu kuyenera kuyamba ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri pakuwonekera kwawo - mawonekedwe apadera amakutu omwe palibe kavalo wina aliyense padziko lapansi yemwe analinso nawo. Makutuwa atakulungidwa mkati ndikukhudza nsonga, khutu ili linapangitsa kuti amwanawo azindikire.

Ndipo kwenikweni Mitundu ya Marvari kovuta kusokoneza wina aliyense. Mahatchi a Marvar adamangidwa bwino: ali ndi miyendo yokongola komanso yayitali, kutalika kumafalikira motalika khosi. Mitu yawo ndi yayikulu mokwanira ndi mbiri yowongoka.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mtundu wa Marvari ndi makutu atakulungidwa mkati

Makutu otchuka amatha kutalika mpaka 15 cm ndi kuzungulira ndi 180 °. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa mtunduwu kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera lomwe mudachokera, ndipo kuli mulitali 1.42-1.73 m.

Mafupa a kavalo amapangika mwanjira yoti mafupa amapewa amapezeka mbali yaying'ono mpaka kumapazi kuposa mitundu ina. Izi zimathandizira kuti nyamayo isakakamire mumchenga komanso kuti isataye liwiro poyenda panthaka yolemera.

Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake a mapewa, ma marc ndiulendo wofewa komanso wosalala womwe aliyense wokwera angayamikire. Ziwombankhanga za marvari mwachilengedwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zamphamvu, motero sikofunikira kuti uzivala nsapato.

Galeta lachilendo, lomwe limatchedwa "revaal" kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, ku Rajasthan, lakhala chizindikiro china cha akavalo a Marwar. Ambulansi yamkati iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri kwa wokwera, makamaka m'malo a chipululu.

Kumva kwabwino, komanso kusiyanitsa mtunduwu, kunathandiza kuti hatchiyo kudziwiratu za ngozi yomwe ikubwera ndikudziwitse wokwera wake za izi. Ponena za sutiyi, zofala kwambiri ndizofiyira komanso ofiira. Mahatchi a pinto ndi imvi ndiwo okwera mtengo kwambiri. Amwenye ndi anthu okonda zamatsenga, kwa iwo ngakhale mtundu wa nyama uli ndi tanthauzo linalake.

Chifukwa chake, kavalo wakuda wamatumbo amabweretsa mavuto ndi imfa, ndipo mwiniwake wamasokosi oyera ndi zolemba pamphumi - kumbali yake, amaonedwa ngati mwayi. Mahatchi oyera ndi apadera, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhalidwe zopatulika.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa kavalo wam'madzi

Malinga ndi epics akale aku India, anu Hatchi ya Marvari Kshatriev yekha wapamwamba kwambiri ndi yemwe adaloledwa, anthu wamba amangolota kavalo wokongola ndikudziyerekeza okha akukwera pazosangalatsa zawo. Ma Marvars akale ankayenda pansi pa chisumbu cha asitikali otchuka ndi olamulira.

Mitundu, yomwe idaphatikiza liwiro, kupirira, kukongola ndi malingaliro, yakhala gawo lankhondo yaku India. Pali umboni wodalirika kuti panthawi ya nkhondo ndi a Mughals, amwenye amavala akavalo marvari mitengo ikuluikulu, kuti njovu za gulu la mdani ziziwalakwitsa njovu.

Ndipo chodabwitsa, njirayi idagwira ntchito mosasamala: njovu idabweretsa wokwerayo moyandikira kotero kuti kavalo wake adayimirira pamutu wa njovu, ndipo wankhondo waku India, atatenga nthawi, adakantha wokwera ndi mkondo. Panthawiyo, panali ma njovu opitilira 50,000 ankhondo aku Maharaja. Pali nthano zambiri zokhuza kukhulupirika ndi kulimba mtima kwa akavalo amtunduwu. A Marvari adatsalira ndi mwiniwake wovulazidwa panjira yankhondo mpaka chomaliza, ndikuthamangitsa asitikali ankhondo a mdani kwa iye.

Chifukwa cha luntha lawo, mawonekedwe okongola mwachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba, akavalo ankhondo nthawi zonse amapita kwawo, atanyamula kavalo wogonja, ngakhale atadzidula. Mahatchi a Indian Marwar ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa.

Palibe tchuthi chimodzi chomwe chingachitike popanda akavalo ophunzitsidwa bwino. Vavala zovala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amavina ngati kuvina pamaso pa omvera, ndikuwona kuyenda kwawo ndi kuwonekera kwawoko. Izi zimangopangidwira kuti zichitike mwatsopano, ngakhale kuphatikiza pa izi, masiku ano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zisudzo komanso m'masewera (polo yamahatchi).

Chakudya cham'mimba

Mahatchi aku Marvari, odyetsedwa pakati pa mapiri amchenga m'chigawo cha India cha Rajasthan, osakhala ndi masamba ambiri, samasankha kudyetsa. Kuthekera kwawo kopanda chakudya kwa masiku angapo kwapangidwa kwazaka zambiri. Chachikulu ndichakuti hatchi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi madzi oyera komanso oyera, ngakhale nyama izi zimalekerera ludzu ndi ulemu.

Kubala Ndi Kutalika Kwakaleko

Kuthengo simudzapeza zachiwerewere. Kuswana kwawo kumachitika ndi mbadwa za mabanja okhala ngati nkhondo m'chigawo cha Rajasthan, kapena makamaka dera la Marwar, kusamalira kwa kubereka kumayang'aniridwa paboma. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero cha marwari ku India chakhala chikukula pang'onopang'ono, chomwe sichingakondwere. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, akavalo a Marwar amakhala ndi moyo zaka 25-30.

Gulani marariya ku Russia osati zophweka kwambiri, kuti ndikuuzeni zoona, ndizosatheka. Ku India, akuletsa kutumiza kwa akavalo awa kunja kwa dziko. Kupatula kumeneko kunapangidwa mu 2000 kwa American Francesca Kelly, yemwe adakhazikitsa bungwe la Indian Horse Society of India.

Pali mphekesera pakati pa okwera pamahatchi kuti ku Russia kuli mahatchi awiri a Marvari okhaokha, koma momwe akavalo okha ndi eni ake olemera kwambiri amadziwa momwe adabweretsedwera, komanso momwe zinali zovomerezeka.

Pa chithunzichi, wopandila hatchi Marvari

Palibe chomwe chatsalira kwa mafani aku Russia awa odziwika bwino momwe angayendere kudziko lawo lakale monga mbali yaulendo wokayenda, kapena kugula fano Marvari Breyer - Kope lenileni lahatchi yoyendera kuchokera ku kampani yotchuka yaku America. Ndipo, chabwino, tikuyembekeza kuti tsiku lina chuma chatsopano cha Rajasthan chidzagulitsidwa ku Russian Federation.

Nthano yangozi

Pali nthano yokhudza kubadwa kwa marwari - mtundu wa kavalo. Anatero kuti sitima ina yachiarabu itagwa pagombe la India. Panyanja panali mahatchi 7 abwino kwambiri aku Arabia. Atapulumuka ngoziyi itatha, adafika pagombe la Kach County, ndipo patapita nthawi adagwidwa ndi nzika zakomweko kudera la Marwar. Mahatchiwa anawoloka ndi mahatchi ang'onoang'ono achi India. Magazi achiArabu adasintha mawonekedwe awo, osawaletsa kukana kuzizira. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti akavalo achiMongolia adatengera akavalo a Marwari, ndipo mtunduwo udawonekeranso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India kumalire ndi Afghanistan.

Mbiri yakale

Chithunzi cha hatchi ya Marvarian

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha kavalo wa Marvari imachokera ku Middle Ages. Olamulira a dera la Marwar Rathore anali oyamba kubereka. Pofika m'zaka za zana la XII, adasamalira kuti akhale oyera ndi magazi ndi kupirira kwawoko, motero kusankha mahatchi osakira kunali kovuta kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati akavalo oyenda pamahatchi. Pankhondo, mtundu wa Marvari unawonetsa kulimbika ndi kukhulupirika.

Pali malingaliro oti makolo akale a Marvari okongola anali mahatchi ochokera kumayiko omwe amakhala - Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan ndi Turkmenistan, komanso mahatchi aku Mongolia ndi mtundu wa Arabia. Kufanana kwa mitundu iyi ndiwowonekera, koma makutu abwinobwino a mtima wa kavalo samabadwa mwanjira iliyonse.

M'masiku akale, kavalo wa Marwar anali ogwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, koma anthu okhawo omwe anali ndi maudindo apadera ndi omwe ankaloledwa kukwera.

Kupeza Kwapadera

Ma 1930s anali osachita bwino kwambiri pamahatchi a Marwar. Kugwira osayendetsa bwino kwadzetsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo, koma vutoli tsopano lithetsa. Marvari ndi mtundu wamahatchi omwe amawoneka kuti ndi osowa kwambiri. Kutenga kwake si chinthu chophweka. Kutumiza kunja kwa mahatchi a Marwar kunja kwa India kwakhala koletsedwa kwa zaka zambiri. Mu 2000 kokha, kutumiza kwawo kunatheka, koma ochulukirapo.

Zochitika zathupi

Chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa akavalo a Marwar sichachilendo: anali ndi chikondwerero chachikulu ndipo nthawi zonse amabwerera kwawo, zomwe zimathandizira kupulumutsa miyoyo. Amakhala ndi ziwalo zam'mutu, khutu lakumva, lomwe linathandizira kudziwa za ngozi yomwe ikubwera.

Komanso, hatchiyo ndiwolimba mtima modabwitsa komanso mokhulupirika kwambiri mpaka ngakhale atavulazidwa kwambiri, sangasiye mwiniwake ndikamupulumutsa.

Makhalidwe ndi ma suti

Mahatchi amtunduwu ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamphamvu komanso makutu achilendo. Okhazikika mkati ndi maupangiri okhudza, ali ndi mawonekedwe enaake.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa akavalo am'mimba ndi 1.52-11.63 m. Koma pofuna kulondola kwambiri pofotokoza mahatchi a Marwar, ndikofunikira kuganizira gawo lomwe India amachokera. Kutengera izi, kukula kumatha kusintha kuchokera pa 1.42 mpaka 1.73 m.

Maonekedwe akunja

Ma Marvars ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mbiri yowongoka. Kutalika kwa makutu kumayambira 9 mpaka 15 cm. Mahatchi a Marwari ali ndi khosi lalitali, ndipo kufota kumafotokozedwa bwino. Chifukwa cha mapewa owongoka kwa iwo sichingakhale vuto kusuntha m'chipululu. Mbawala za m'mimba zimakoka mosavuta mchenga wakuya. Chifukwa cha izi, kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kumachepetsedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo, wokwerayo adzamasuka chifukwa chakothamanga kwa kavalo. Croup Marwari akutsikira. Miyendo yawo ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali ndi zazing'onoting'ono, zooneka bwino.

Marwari ikhoza kukhala ya mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mahatchi ofiira komanso amitundu yotereyi. Amayala amtundu wamkaka ndi ma piebald amakhala ndi mtengo wofunikira kwambiri. Koma suti yakuda imayesedwa ngati chizindikiro cha imfa. Hatchi yotere, malinga ndi Amwenye, imatha kubweretsa mavuto. Koma woimira marato ndi masokosi anayi kapena mawanga oyera pamutu malinga ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira zimabweretsa chisangalalo. Mahatchi oyera ku India amapangidwira zolinga zachipembedzo zokha.

Suti yamdima yakuda

Kugwiritsa ntchito akavalo a Marwar

Marvari ndi mtundu wa akavalo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse. Ndizoyenera kukwera, kunyamula katundu. Akavalo oterowo amatha kumangirizidwa atanyamula. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizanso paulimi. Mahatchi amtunduwu ndi abwino kuphunzitsira makamaka chifukwa cha mayendedwe awo achilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito mahatchi a Marwar ndikuthekanso mu polo yama equestrian. Amatha kusewera motsutsana ndi thoroughbreds.

Mbiri yakubadwa

A Marwari ndi mbadwa za mahatchi amdziko la India komanso akavalo aku Arabia. Mahatchi anali ochepa komanso olimba, koma osasinthika. Mphamvu ya magazi achi Arabayi idawongolera mawonekedwe popanda kunyalanyaza nyengo yozizira. Nthano za ku India zimati sitimayi yachiarabu yokhala ndi mahatchi asanu ndi awiri a Arabia akuwonongeka pagombe la Kach County. Kenako mahatchi awa adagwidwa m'dera la Marwar ndikukhala oyambitsa aberekawo. Palinso kuthekera kwa kukopa kwa akavalo akuMongolia ochokera kumpoto. Mitundu yomwe imakonda kupangidwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India kumalire ndi Afghanistan, komanso m'malire a Afghanistan ndi Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan.

Olamulira a Marwar ndi apakavalo a Rajput anali obereketsa amtundu wa Marvari. A Rathors adachotsedwa muufumu wawo Kanauj mu 1193 ndipo adasamukira kuchipululu cha Tara. Marvari anali ofunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 12 kubereka kwawo kunachitika motsogozedwa mwamphamvu. Zoweta zimasunga malo okhathamira abwino kwambiri kuti zilowe pansi. Munthawi imeneyi, akavalo amatengedwa ngati amulungu, ndipo munthawi imeneyi mamembala am'banja la Rajput ndi gulu la asitikali a Kshatriya okha ndi omwe adaloledwa kuwakwera. Pamene a Mughals adalanda kumpoto kwa India kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1600, adabweretsa mahatchi aku Turkmen, omwe mwina adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pobereketsa Marwari. Marvari adadziwika nthawi imeneyi chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwawo komanso kulimba mtima kwawo kunkhondo, komanso kukhulupirika kwa okwera. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, a Rajputs of Marwar, motsogozedwa ndi mfumu ya ku Mogul Akbar, adapanga asitikali apakavalo a asitikali oposa 50,000. A Rathors adakhulupirira kuti kavalo wa Marvari amatha kuchoka kunkhondo pokhapokha pazinthu zitatu - kupambana, kuphedwa, kapena kuchotsedwa kwa wokwera pamavalo kupita kumalo otetezeka. Kuyankha mozama kwambiri kunaleredwa pamahatchi m'malo omenyera nkhondo, ndipo amachita machitidwe ovuta kukwera.

Nthawi yaulamuliro waku Britain idapangitsa kuti Marwari agwidwe ngati mtundu komanso gulu lachipembedzo. Achikoloni a ku Britain amakonda mitundu yina ndikunyalanyaza Marvari am'deralo limodzi ndi Kathiyavari. M'malo mwake, a Britain adakonda ma purebreds ndi ma polo-ma pon ndipo adatsitsa mbiri ya Marvari kotero kuti ngakhale makutu owoneka mkatikati mwa agaluwo adanyozedwa ngati "chizindikiro cha kavalo wakomweko." Mu 1930s, Marvari idachulukirachulukira, ziweto zidachepa ndipo zidakhala zaumphawi chifukwa cha kuswana bwino. Ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ku India, komanso kufooka kwa asitikali ankhondo, kunachepetsa kufunika kwa Marwari, ndipo nyama zambiri pambuyo pake zinaphedwa. Mu 1950s, olemekezeka ambiri aku India adataya malo awo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ambiri atatha kusamalira nyama, chifukwa chomwe mahatchi ambiri aku Marvari adagulitsidwa ngati nyama zam'mapake, ankaziponya kapena kuphedwa. Matendawa anali atatsala pang'ono kutha mpaka kulowererapo kwa Maharaja Umaid Singhji koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 kupulumutsa Marvari. Ntchito yake idapitilizidwa ndi mdzukulu wake, Maharaja Gaj Singh II.

Wokwera ku Britain wotchedwa Francesca Kelly adayambitsa gulu lotchedwa Marwari Bloodlines mu 1995 ndi cholinga chodziwika bwino ndikusunga hatchi ya Marvari padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1999, Kelly ndi Raghuvendra Singh Dundlod, mbadwa ya gulu lodziwika bwino ku India, adatsogolera Indian Horse Society of India (yomwe imaphatikizapo Marvari Horse Society), gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi boma, obereketsa ndi anthu onse kukalimbikitsa ndikusunga mtunduwo. Kelly ndi Dunlod adatengapo gawo ndikupambana pamasewera opirira pa Indian National Equestrian Games, kukakamiza Indian Equestrian Federation kuti ivomereze chiwonetsero cha dziko lonse cha akavalo am'deralo - woyamba m'dziko muno. Awiriwa adagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ena ochokera ku Indian Horse Society kuti apange machitidwe oyamba a kubereka. Poyamba boma la India linaletsa kutumiza kwa mahatchi am'deralo, koma osati ma polo-poni kapena purebreds, mu 1952. Chiletsocho chinachotsedwa pang'ono mu 1999, pomwe mahatchi ochepa amatha kutulutsidwa atalandira laisensi yapadera. Kelly adalowa nawo ku United States kavalo woyamba ku Marvari. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zotsatira, akavalo 21 adatumizidwa kunja mpaka zilolezo zidatha mu 2006 chifukwa choopa kuti anthu wamba wamba ali pachiwopsezo.Imodzi mwa Marvars omalizira omwe adatumizidwa kwawo idakhala yoyamba kutumizidwa ku Europe mu 2006 ndipo adasamutsira ku French Living Horse Museum. Mu 2008, Boma la India lidayamba kupatsa chilolezo cha "kutumizira kunja" kwa chaka chimodzi kuti alole mahatchi ena ku mayiko ena. Uku kunali kuyankha pazomwe aberekawo ndi obereketsa, omwe amakhulupirira kuti sanapatsidwe mwayi wowonetsa nyama zawo.

Chakumapeto kwa 2007, mapulani adalengezedwa kuti apange bukhu la zolembera. Inali ntchito yophatikizidwa ya Indian Marwari Horse Society ndi Boma la India. Njira yakulembetsa idayambitsidwa mu 2009. Kenako zidalengezedwa kuti Marwari Horse Society adasandulika bungwe la boma - bungwe lokhalo lolembetsedwa ndi Marwari Horse Registry. Ntchito yolembetsa imaphatikizanso kuwunika kavalo kuti atsatire miyezo ya mtundu, pomwe amadziwika zolemba ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pambuyo pakuwunikira, hatchiyo imalembedwa mozizira ndi nambala yake yolembetsa ndikujambulidwa. Kumapeto kwa 2009, Boma la India lidalengeza kuti kavalo wa Marwari, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina yamahatchi aku India, adzaikidwa pamasitampu angapo oyimitsa ku India.

Ndikosavuta kupeza umboni wolembedwa wotsimikizira kupezeka kwa marasta ngati mtundu wina wazakale. Poyamba mahatchi amenewa ankangotchedwa "desi," lomwe limatanthawuza "kudera kwanuko." Koma ngakhale amatchulapo za marwari ngati mtundu wina wopatukana zaka zochepa zapitazo, kafukufuku wamtunduwu adawonetsa kuti nyamazo zidaweta kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yakunyumba. Mitundu ya Marwar imasanjidwa ndi gulu lalikulu la ankhondo a Rajput. Munthawi yamtendere, mahatchi anali okongoletsedwa kwambiri, mahatchi awo amatha ndalama zambiri. Pomaliza, mtunduwo udapangidwa m'dera lamakono la Rajasthan, mdera la Marwar, pomwe a Rajputs adalamulira. M'zaka za zana la XI, imodzi mwa magulu otchuka kwambiri a Rajput, a Rathora, adasamukira ku Marwar; adakhala obereketsa akuluakulu a Marwar. Mpaka lero, Amwenye amaganiza kuti magwero awo akavalo ndi amulungu ndipo amawatcha "Surya Putra", zomwe zikutanthauza "ana a mulungu dzuwa." Malinga ndi nthano ina, Sanjna, mkazi wa Surya, adabisala Padziko Lapansi chifukwa cha kutentha kosaletseka kwa mwamuna wake, akutenga kavalo. Pofuna kukhala ndi wokondedwa wake, Surya amakhalanso pahatchi, ndipo ana awo adadzakhala makolo a Marvars amakono.

Chaka chilichonse mu Novembala, obereketsa ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana amakumana mumzinda wopatulika wa Pushkar, amayesa mahatchi apikisano ndikuwonetsa mapaulendo awo.

Zaka zambiri zapitazo, nthawi yayitali pakati pa magulu ankhondo, a Marvars nthawi zonse amachita nawo miyambo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wa a Rajputs odziwika. Akavalo anali ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pamiyambo yaukwati, modzitama amanyamula eni ake paphwando lachipembedzo kapena kusangalatsa anthu olemekezeka, mokweza nyimbo. Mpaka lero, chikhalidwe chophunzitsira akavalo ovina chikukula: amachita maukwati, kudabwitsa alendo komanso ngakhale kupita ku England kukaonetsera mfumukazi.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa khansa ndi masentimita 152-163. Akavalo ochokera ku magawo osiyanasiyana a India, monga lamulo, ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 142 mpaka 173. Ngakhale mahatchi oyera oyera amapakidwa chifukwa chachipembedzo ku India, nthawi zambiri amalembedwa m'buku. Mahatchi amtundu wa pie ndi pinto amadziwika kuti ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ma Ravens amaonedwa ngati osasangalatsa, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi chizindikiro cha kufa ndi mdima. Mahatchi okhala ndi chizindikiro choyera pamaso awo ndi masokosi anayi amawoneka kuti ndi mwayi.

Mutu ndi wokulirapo, mbiri ndi yowongoka, makutu amawongoka mkati, kutalika kwake kungakhale kuyambira 9 mpaka 15 cm ndikuzungulira madigiri a 180. Ngati hatchi ikuyang'ana kutsogolo, nsonga za makutu ziyenera kulumikizana kwathunthu. Mdziko lapansi mahatchi amtundu wa India okha (kupatula marvari amatchedwanso kathiyavari) omwe amapatsidwa mawonekedwe apadera awa. Khosi limakhala loonda, lomwe limafota, chifuwa chake ndi chakuya. Mapewa ndi owongoka bwino, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachilengedwe kudzera mumchenga. Ndi mawonekedwe amapewa awa, ndikosavuta kukoka miyendo pamchenga wakuya. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe othamanga amachepetsedwa, koma mayendedwe ahatchi amakhala ofewa kwambiri komanso omasuka kwa wokwera. Marwari nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi phokoso lalitali komanso losalala. Miyendo ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali, ziboda ndizochepa koma zopangidwa bwino.

Hatchi ya Marvari nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tchire lachilengedwe pafupi ndi liwiro lotchedwa real, afkal, kapena rive. Tsitsi lopindika ndi malo ake ndizofunikira kwa obereketsa a Marvari. Mahatchi okhala ndi ma curls ataliitali m'khosi mwawo amatchedwa ma devans ndipo amawonedwa ngati mwayi, ndipo akavalo okhala ndi ma curls pansi pamaso awo amatchedwa anusudal ndipo satchuka pakati pa ogula. Amakhulupirira kuti ma curls omwe amapangira maburashi amabweretsa chigonjetso. Akuti mahatchi ayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka koyenera potengera chala cha chala chofanana ndi mbewu zisanu za barele. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa muzzle kuyenera kukhala pakati pa zala 28 mpaka 40, ndipo kutalika kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mutu mpaka mchira kuyenera kutalikirana kanayi kutalika kwa nkhope.

Chifukwa cha zakale zawo zankhondo, akavalo awa amatha kukhala opanda madzi ndi chakudya masiku angapo, ali olimba komanso osakanika. Makutu otumphukira a m'matumbo amatenga mawu amtundu uliwonse, ndipo khungu loyera limasiyanitsa nyengo yovuta ya chipululu, komwe kumatentha masana komanso kuzizira usiku. Ma Marvars sakhala amanyazi konse komanso anzeru zabwino, kotero kuti, ngakhale kuli kotentha kwambiri, mutha kudalira iwo muzochitika zilizonse. Hatchi ya Marvari imapirira ndipo imadalira munthu, imakhudzidwa ndi zokonda zilizonse. Marvari akuswidwa m'chipululu, ndipo izi zimawonekera mu thupi la mtundu: miyendo yawo ndi yolimba, ndipo minofu ya kumbuyo ndi croup imapangidwa mokwanira kuti isunthire pamchenga osakhazikika.

Chiyambi cha akavalo a mtundu wa Marvari

Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa Rajasthan kuli dera la Marwari, lomwe linapatsa mayina mahatchi apaderawa. Zolengedwa zokongola zidatchuka ngakhale mu nthawi ya Alexander the Great, yemwe adazigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu mu gulu lake lankhondo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zodabwitsa. Kuswedwa moyenera kunathandizira kuti pakhale mahatchi olimba omwe amatha kukhalapo pamtunda woyipa, ndipo amalekerera mosavuta kuzizira ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, mahatchi opirira sangathe kuyenda maulendo ataliatali osakhalabe liwiro labwino. Mabuku oyera amati ndi mwayi uwu: membala wa Kshatriev yekha ndiye amakwaniritsa pakavalo waku India, yemwe adadziwika ndi mbiri yabwino yankhondo ndi olamulira.

Makutu osangalatsa ndi chizindikiro cha Marvari

Ma Rajputs samangogwiritsa ntchito mahatchi moyenera kwambiri pazankhondo, komanso adadziwika potengera luso lina lomwe limathandizira kuti kavalo akhale wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Adakongoletsa mitu ya m'mimba ndi mitengo yayikulu ya njovu. Kuukira kwachilendo kotereku kunawopsa mdani, yemwe kuchokera patali anaganiza molakwika kuti akhale m'misasa ndipo sanayerekeze kuukira. Ku Middle Ages, oyenda pamahatchi okhwima anali pafupifupi anthu 100,000.

Kunja, mtundu wa Marwar ndi wofanana ndi Turkmen imodzi, kupatula mawonekedwe apadera a makutu

Kuyambira nthawi yobala mpaka kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa ziweto kunali kuchepera, kukhala pafupi kutha. Kusintha kwokhazikika kwa mahatchi makamaka ku India, kenako chiletso chokhwima kwambiri chakutumiza kunja kwa dzikolo kunathandizira kuti mtunduwo uthe.

Chifukwa cha zoyeserera za Maharaja Jadpur Singhiya ndi boma la India, anthu ali ndi mwayi wokometsa mahatchi odabwitsa osati mu zojambulazo zokha, komanso kuwaganizira amoyo.

Kafukufuku wamtundu

Zotsatira zodziwika bwino za machitidwe oswana, popeza mchaka cha 2001 panali akavalo aang'ono kwambiri a mtundu wa Marvari. Kafukufuku wachitika kuti aphunzire zamtundu wa mahatchi a Marwari ndi ubale wawo ndi mitundu ina yama Indian ndi omwe si India. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yapezeka ku India: Marvari, Kathiawari, Pony Spiti, Pony Bhutia, Pony Manipuri ndi Zanskari. Mitundu isanu ndi umodziyi imasiyana wina ndi mzake mikhalidwe yomwe idapangika mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana za agroclimatic m'malo osiyanasiyana a India, komwe idachokera. Mu 2005, kafukufuku adachitika kuti adziwe ngati matumbo amtundu wamtundu wakale wa kavalo wa Marvari. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti DNA ya akavalo oyesedwa sinasonyeze chizindikiro cha mtundu wamatumbo m'mbiri ya kuswana. Komabe, momwe chiwerengero cha anthu chikukwera mofulumira m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pakhoza kukhala mabotolo omwe sanazindikiridwe mu phunziroli. Mu 2007, kafukufuku adachitika kuti awonetse kusintha kwamtundu wamtundu pakati pa mitundu yonse yamahatchi aku India kupatula katyavari. Kutengera kusanthula kwa ma microsatellite DNA, ma marvar adadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri mwa mitundu isanu yophunzirayi, ndipo ndiwakutali kwambiri ku Manipuri. Palibe mwa mtundu uliwonse womwe unakhala ndi maubwenzi apafupi ndi ma genbreds. Marvari anali osiyana ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi maonekedwe a thupi (makamaka kutalika) komanso kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe. Kusiyana kwakuthupi kunalankhulidwa ndi makolo osiyanasiyana: Akavalo aku Marvari amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kavalo waku Arabia, pomwe mitundu ina imati imachokera ku chimbudzi cha ku Tibetan.

Makhalidwe obadwa

Akavalo a Marvar ali ndi chikhalidwe cholimba komanso chodabwitsa. Kutha kwakanthawi kovutikira ndi talente yamkati kuti mupeze njira yobwererera kopitilira kamodzi adapulumutsa miyoyo ya okwera omwe adatayika. Chosadabwitsa ndichakuti kumva kwawo kodabwitsa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mawu kuchokera kutali, omwe si mtundu uliwonse wa mahatchi omwe angadzitamande. Chifukwa cha chuma chapaderachi, akavalo aku India adachenjeza eni ake za ngoziyi yomwe ikubwera. Olemba mbiri ena amati oyang'anira gulu lokhulupirika samasiyira wankhondo wovulazidwa kunkhondo, kupitiriza kumuteteza kwa adani.

Makutu osazolowereka, omwe ali achilendo pa mtundu uwu, amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a lamulo. Amakhala omata mkati kwambiri kuti nsonga zawo zitha. Pali lingaliro kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wamakutuwo adawonekera chifukwa cha kusinthika komwe kunabwera chifukwa chakusankhidwa ndi akavalo aku Arabia. Mwinanso kapangidwe kazovuta kameneka ndipo kanapangitsa kuti pakhale luso lotha kumva mawu, komwe kumayambira patali kwambiri.

Mapewa a maruva ali pafupi pang'ono ndi miyendo

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Marvari amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamahatchi, kukokedwa ndi akavalo ndi kunyamula katundu komanso ntchito yazaulimi. Ma marvars nthawi zambiri amawoloka ndi ma boti kuti apange hatchi yosinthasintha. Ndizoyenera kwambiri dressage, makamaka chifukwa cha mayendedwe achilengedwe. Ma marvars amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati polo yoyenda, nthawi zina amasewera motsutsana ndi thoroughbreds.

Mahatchi ndi abwino kukwera pamahatchi masiku ambiri, pamene okwera pamagalimoto amakwanitsa makilomita angapo patsiku, akudutsa m'mapiri kapena m'miyala yamchenga.

Zinthu Zapanja

Kapangidwe kabwino ka mapewa kamathandizira kwambiri kutsogolo kwa khwangwala ndipo kumalola kuti kavalo azitha kuyenda momasuka mchenga, pafupifupi osataya liwiro. Njira yamahatchi aku India imawoneka yabwino kwambiri komanso yofewa kwa wokwera.

• kutalika kufota: mpaka 170 masentimita, ndi kutalika kwapakati pa 152 cm mpaka 163 cm,
• utoto: bay, nightingale, ofiira, piebald, imvi, oyera,
• compact torso
• miyendo yayitali
• mutu wothinthwa
• maso akulu mbali zonse
• makutu okhazikika, kutalika kwa 9 mpaka 15 cm, kuzungulira madigiri a 180,
• khosi lokwanira, lomwe lili pafupi ndi mutu pakulowa kwa madigiri 45,
• chifuwa chakuya komanso chachikulu
• zotupa zazikulu
• ma ankolo oyenda kwambiri
• agogo achichepere
• ziboda zolimba.

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mahatchi, Marvari samakonda kuzemba

Zinthu zosunga mahatchi

Musanapitirize ndi kuswana kwa Marvari, muyenera kudabwitsidwa ndi makonzedwe amalo omwe amayikidwa. Khola liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo zomwe zingathandize kupanga malo abwino kwambiri kuti mahatchi azikhala.

Kuwala. Chipindacho chizikhala chopepuka komanso chopatsa mpweya wabwino.

Zingwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mawindo

Mahatchi sakonda kukonzekera

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, magetsi owonjezera magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Wood amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makoma.

Denga liyenera kukhala lopanda moto

Pansi limapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zouma, zolimba zomwe zimalepheretsa chinyezi kulowa.

Popeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa udzu, kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi

Njira zosamalirira sizangopereka ukhondo wokwanira, komanso zimapatsa akavalo maonekedwe okonzedwa bwino

Mahatchi amamangiriridwa mothandizidwa ndi zida zakuda ndi akatswiri okhawo ophunzitsidwa bwino

Kudyetsa Zinthu

Ngakhale kuti Marvari imayenderana mosavuta ndi ma calorie otsika, kuti kachitidwe kofunikira mthupi ndikofunikira kuti awapatse zakudya zoyenera.

Munthu wamkulu amadya pachaka:

• oats: 2 t
• nsipu: 4-5 t
• chinangwa: 500 kg
• kaloti: 1 t
• mchere: 13 kg. 6

Kwa kavalo wolemera kuyambira 450 mpaka 500 makilogalamu patsiku, muyenera:

• oats: 5 kg
• nsipu: 10 mpaka 13 kg,
• chinangwa: 1.5 kg
• kaloti: 3 makilogalamu.

Kulemera kwa nyama, malo komanso zaka zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa. Zosakaniza izi zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi ma beets a nyama, kabichi, maapulo ndi mavwende. Mutha kuwonjezera mphamvu pazinthu zodyetsa mothandizidwa ndi mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera.

Mchere uzikhala nthawi zonse pagulu

Kuchita kwa mchere mu zakudya za m'magazi sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa: ndikofunikira kuti gawo ili lofunikira pakudya liziwoneka bwino ku nyama mlenje.

Malamulo odyetsa:

• oats ndi udzu zigawike m'magulu osiyanasiyana,
• nsipu iyenera kuyikidwanso pamwamba,
• hay amafunika kudyetsedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kasanu patsiku,
• oats iyenera kuperekedwa m'malo ofanana katatu pa tsiku,
• kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala patsogolo pa kumwa,
• Gawo la kugundana liyenera kukhala pafupifupi 40% ya buku lonse,
• ngati tikufanizira kufunika kwa oats ndi hay, ndiye kuti chomaliza ndicofunika kwambiri thupi la Marvari,
• nyemba ndi nyemba za tirigu zimapezeka kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri zamitundu mitundu
• munthu wokhazikika amadya pafupifupi malita 70 a madzi akumwa patsiku.

Popeza udzu ndi gawo lofunikira la zakudya kuti muchepetse kukhumudwa m'mimba, ndikofunikira kuunikira musanadye: iyenera kukhala youma. Kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chonyowa, chowola kapena chovunda sikovomerezeka. Musanauperekere kwa nyama, muyenera kuyisintha ndi manja anu ndi kuwuma kwakanthawi. Ngakhale mphamvu zonse za Maroza, munthawi yogwirira ntchito, adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zolakwika zopatsa thanzi.

Kusintha kwa njira yodyetserako zakudya kuyenera kukhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono: nyamazo zimafunikira sabata 1 kuti chimbudzi chikhale chokwanira kugaya udzu watsopano

Kubwera kwa masika, udzu kapena udzu watsopano wapezeka. Kumayambiriro kwa kuyenda kwa akavalo, muyenera kuchepetsa nthawi yawo kubusa. Musanatenge Marvari kupita kudambo, muyenera kudyetsa munthu aliyense mpaka 2 kg ya hay. Ndikofunika kuti nyama zisamayende paudzu wonyowa, makamaka nthawi yamvula.Muyeneranso kupewa kudyetsa nyemba zouma, chifukwa zimayamba kuyendayenda, zomwe zimatsogolera ku colic.

Gome. Zofunikira tsiku lililonse zamahatchi zolemera makilogalamu 450 mpaka 500, kutengera katundu

Ngati chiweto sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito kapena masewera, ndikofunikira kupereka magawo a chakudya a 1.35 pa 100 makilogalamu olemera kuti asunge mphamvu.

Masana, mahatchi okhwima pang'ono nthawi zambiri amadya pafupifupi 50 makilogalamu a udzu wopunduka, ndipo ankhandwe - 30 kg

Zowonjezera zowonjezera

Maziko a zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya ndi premixes ndi mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera. Monga lamulo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yozizira, mahatchi samakhala ndi mwayi wodya msipu.

Gome. Pazakudya zambiri za tsiku lililonse za munthu mmodzi

Mafuta a nsomba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha mavitamini A ndi D chikuperewera

• choko. Chosakaniza chophatikizachi chiyenera kuperekedwa mu ufa, wotsukidwa ndi wouma,
• mafupa chakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusowa kwa phosphorous kapena calcium muzakudya,
• mafuta a nsomba. Zofunika makamaka kwa anyani,
• yisiti yowuma. Ndiwo magwero abwino a mavitamini a B.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yozizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma proxes okhala ndi mafayilo amtundu wa chakudya kapena chinangwa. Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa ziweto ndi omwe amawonjezera kuti "Olimba" ndi "Kupambana". Ngati pali udzu wambiri, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafakitale othandizira, omwe ali ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Mahatchi amtchire nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali pamavalo komanso monga gulu loyendetsa magalimoto onyamula

Pofuna kukweza kavalo wogwira ntchito yambiri, obereketsa nthawi zambiri amadutsa ku Marvari ndi mahatchi oyera. M'mawonekedwe awo oyambira, ndi abwino kupangira dessction chifukwa cha mafunde othamanga komanso mayendedwe achilengedwe. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a maphunzirowa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polo yoyimira.

Makhalidwe obadwa

Kutalika kwa oimira mtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumafika Masentimita 170. Ziboda zawo ndi zolimba modabwitsa, chifukwa sizikhala zodetsedwa. Miyendo yawo ndi yayitali ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, komanso ngakhale kuti thupi lawo ndi lopendekeka. Koma izi sizipangitsa kuti pakhale kusamvana kwina kwina, koma zimapatsa unansi winanso wapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti kavaloyu asakumane ndi m'mimba ndi mchenga wotentha, momwe amatha kugweramo mosavuta.

Koma mukaziyang'ana, sizinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimagwira diso lanu nthawi yomweyo. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi Mitundu ina ndi makutu, omwe palibe mitundu ina yamahatchi yomwe ilinso nayo. Ku Marvari, amaweramira mkati kotero kuti malekezero awo amalumikizidwa.

Chikhalidwe china cha mtunduwu chimatha kutchedwa kapangidwe ka mapewa awo. Amayikidwa pamwamba pa ngodya yaying'ono kwambiri pokhudzana ndi miyendo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa ndi opepuka kuposa mahatchi ena, chifukwa chake amatha kuyenda mwachangu mumchenga wam'chipululu. Ngakhale ponyika mchenga, amatha kutulutsa miyendo yawo osavulaza. Khungu lawo limakhala loonda, izi zimapangitsa kuti azikhala mosavuta m'malo otentha ndipo safuna madzi akumwa ambiri.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Choyambirira chomwe chimagwira diso lanu mukamaona m'matumbo ndimakutu achilendo, omwe palibe gulu lililonse la mahatchi. Makutu a mahatchi amtundu wa Marwar amawongoka mkati kuti nsonga zawo zilumikizane.

Ndi chiani chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kavalo wachilendo wamkaka akhale wodabwitsa kwambiri?

Chithunzi 2.

Kunena kuti "Rajasthan" aliyense wa ku India nthawi yomweyo amaganiza kuti kuli chipululu chopanda madzi, nyanja yozizira, mapiri osavomerezeka ndi ... akavalo amimbayo.

Monga kusintha kwa Rajstan, ndipo makamaka dera la Marwar (Jadpur yamakono), akavalo amtundu wa Marwari amaphatikiza chisomo ndi kupirira. Marvari ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri wa akavalo, omwe amafotokozedwa m'mabuku oyera ngati kavalo, omwe oimira Kshatriya caste - ankhondo akulu ndi mafumu - amatha kukhala pamenepo.

Mbiri ya kubereka kwa kavalo uyu, wapadera m'mikhalidwe yake, imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya a Rajputs, gulu la ethno-estate lomwe limakhala ku India India ku Middle Ages. Malinga ndi nthano, mtundu wa akavalo aku Marvari udakwera "pomwe nyanja idawomba ndi timadzi tamiyala ya milungu ... munthawi yomwe akavalo anali mphepo."

Chithunzi 3.

Gulu la a Rajping Rathor linali lochita kuswana kavalo wankhondo wabwino kwambiri. Kutengera kukongola, mphamvu, luntha, ndi kudzipereka modabwitsa kwa mahatchi am'deralo, gulu longa nkhondo lakhala likupanga kwa zaka mazana ambiri mahatchi a marwari makamaka nkhondo zam'chipululu. Kubereketsa kunachitidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa cha kavalo yemwe anabalidwa yemwe amatha kukhala m'malo otetezeka, akudya masamba ochepa chabe achipululu, amalola kutentha ndi kuzizira, amapita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yomweyo amayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri.

Chodabwitsa china cha mtundu wa mahatchi a Marwari ndi kapangidwe ka mapewa: amaikidwa pakona yaying'ono ndi miyendo ya nyama. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kavalo akhale wosavuta komanso wololera kuti azitha kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachilengedwe kudzera mumchenga. Kapangidwe kamapewa koteroko kumapangitsa kuti marato akokeke mosavuta miyendo yake pamchenga wakuya popanda kuwonongeka kambiri ndi mawonekedwe othamanga. Ndipo ngakhale mu liwiro la malo owongoka kavalo wa Marvar amadzipereka, mwachitsanzo, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke, koma njira ya m'mimba ndi yofewa komanso yabwino kwa wokwera.

Chithunzi 4.

Thupi la marache ndi loyumbika, koma miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yabwino. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, ngakhale kugwa kwambiri, hatchi ya Marvari sigwira pamimba pamchenga wotentha.

Mahatchi aku Marvarian amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa bwino - amadziwa bwino nyumba yawo, yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita ambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Ku India, akavalo awa a Marvari amadziwika kuti amapulumutsa miyoyo ya okwera ambiri omwe adasochera m'chipululu.

Koma chinthu choyamba chomwe chimagwira diso lako chisanawonekere ndi makutu achilendo, omwe palibe mtundu wina wamahatchi womwe ulibenso. Makutu a mahatchi amtundu wa Marwar amawongoka mkati kuti nsonga zawo zilumikizane. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, izi ndizotsatira za kusinthika pambuyo pakuwonjezera magazi achi Arab. Mwina ndichoncho chifukwa cha izi kuti kumva kwa marastala kumapangidwa bwino kuposa mahatchi amitundu ina - chidwi chomva zam'mimba nthawi yopulumutsa kamodzi chimapulumutsa miyoyo ya okwerawo, ndikuwachenjeza panthawi ya ngozi.

Chithunzi 5.

Yemwe anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kukaona dziko la Rajstan, mosakayikira adawona chithunzi ku City Palace, chomwe chikuwonetsa nkhondo yayikulu ya a Rajput clan Maharana Pratap ndi gulu lankhondo la Mughal lotsogozedwa ndi Akbar.

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, a Rajputs ndi omwe anapambana chifukwa cha zida zawo zankhondo zomwe adazipanga. Asitikali amaika mitengo ikuluikulu ya njovu pamahatchi awo ankhondo a Marwar. Ngakhale zingaoneke zopusa masiku ano, njirayi imagwira ntchito molakwika. Chifukwa cha "zobisika" izi, njovu zolimbana nazo zinadandaula kuti zinali ndi mahatchi osokonekera ndipo zinakana kuwazunza. Pakadali pano, kavalo wophunzitsidwa bwino wa Marvari adakhala miyendo yakutsogolo pamphumi ya njovu, ndipo wokwerayo anakantha woyendetsa ndi mkondo. Mu Middle Ages, apakavalo ophunzitsidwa bwino oterowo anali okwera pamahatchi pafupifupi 50,000.

Komabe, nkhondo yomenyedwa pacithunzi-thunzi (1576) inatha pogonjetsedwa. Ngakhale izi, gulu lankhondo la a Medieval limba silinapambane, koma kudzipereka kwa akavalo a Marvari ndi asirikali ankhondo a Marwar.

Chithunzi 6.

Nthano imakamba kuti kavalo wa Pratap, wotchedwa Chetak, adavulazidwa ndi kanyumba ka njovu pamphumi yake yakumbuyo, koma m'malo moimitsa mayendedwe, adanyamuka ulendo wake womaliza ndi wolamulira wake ali pachiyendo cha miyendo itatu yabwino. Malo omenyera atatsala pang'ono ndipo owopsa atakwera, buluyo adagwa. Zimawerengedwa kuti a Marvars samasiya wokwera aliyense wovulala kunkhondo, koma mokhulupirika akhalebe wolondera, kuthamangitsa adani. Ndipo wokwera akasochera m'chipululu - kavalo wa Marvari, chifukwa cha chibadwa chamunthu, amapita kwawo.

Chithunzi 7.

Chiyambire mahatchi a Marviri adagwira ntchito zawo zamphamvu ndikufika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa akavalo apaderawa kwatsika kwambiri. Mu 30s (XX century) mtunduwo udatsala pang'ono kutha. Lero titha kungosilira mahatchi odziwika bwino muzojambula ndi zojambulajambula, koma a Maharaja a Jadpur Umaid Singiyya amasunga mtunduwo.

Chithunzi 8.

Masiku ano, boma la India, limodzi ndi gulu la obereketsa obereketsa, zikugwira ntchito yosamalira mtundu wa Marwari, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa akavalo a Marwari ku India kukuchuluka chaka chilichonse.

Chithunzi 9.

Chithunzi 10.

Chithunzi 11.

Chithunzi 12.

Nthano ya momwe mtunduwo udayambira

Pali nthano zambiri zazomwe mahatchi amenewa adawonekera komanso liti. Malinga ndi otchuka kwambiri a iwo, kuwonongeka kwa chombo china cha Chiarabu cha pagombe la India kudachitika kalekale. Pamahatchi ananyamulidwa mahatchi aku Arabia, mahatchi 7 okha ndi onse omwe amatha kuthawa. Anatha kukafika ku Kach County pagombe. Pambuyo kanthawi, nyamazo zinagwidwa ndi anthu akumalo a Marwar. Mahatchi aku Arabia akuwoloka ndi mahatchi amphamvu ndi aku India. Amakhulupirira kuti pali magazi a abale achiMongolia mu akavalo a Malani. Mitunduyi idasanjidwa ndi mibadwo ingapo ya Maharajas, yoyendetsedwa ndi chipululu cha Rajasthan. Zotsatira zake, tinali ndi mahatchi okongola kwambiri, olimba mtima komanso osasamala a mtundu wa Marvari. Amadziwika ngati mtundu wachifumu, wosamvetsetseka komanso wophunziridwa pang'ono.

M'mphepete mwa kutha

Kwa zaka mazana angapo, akavalo anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati akavalo oyenda pamahatchi, koma anthu okhawo okhala ndi ulemu wapamwamba ndi omwe angakhale nawo. M'zaka za zana la 19, India idakhala dziko lolamulidwa ndi England. Eni ake atsopano anayesa kuwononga miyambo yonse ya dziko lino. Mahatchi achingelezi ndi ochokera ku Europe amabweretsedwa ku India, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya mtundu wa Marvari imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama. Pofika zaka makumi atatu za zana lomaliza, kuchuluka kwa nyama kunali kutachepa kwambiri.

Kuyambira 1950, ntchito yoletsa kubereka yabwezeretsedwanso ku mtundu wa Marvari. Kuletsedwerako kunakhazikitsanso kutumizidwa kwa nyama zaku mayiko ena. Mu 2000, kusiyapo izi, a Francesca Kelly waku America adaloledwa kutumiza mahatchi angapo amtunduwu kuchokera ku India - kokha chifukwa ndi iye amene adayendetsa bungwe kuti lisunge mtundu wofunikawu.

Mahatchi amtunduwu: mikhalidwe

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a thupi. Mahatchi a Malani ali ndi thupi lopendekera, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mbiri yowongoka, komanso chopukutira chachikulu. Nyama zili ndi maso akulu okongola, kamwa laling'ono, ndi nsagwada zopangidwa bwino. Makosi awo ndi a kutalika kwapakatikati, osakhuthala, mutu umalumikizana ndi khosi pamakwerero a digrii 45. Chifuwa ndi chakuya komanso chachitali, kutalika kufota ndi miyendo yayitali yabwino. Ziboda zake ndi zolimba, pafupifupi palibe akavalo amtchire. Akavalo aku Marvari ali ndi makutu apadera, omwe palibe mtundu wina womwe ulibenso: amaloledwa kuchokera kumtunda ndipo ali pafupi. Kutalika kumatha kukhala 9 mpaka 15 sentimita, kukhudza nsonga, amapanga mtima. Makutu amatha kutembenuka madigiri 180. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chamakutu otere, nyama zimamva mosamala.

Mahatchi amakhala odekha, ogonjera, amatha kuyenda bwino m'malo. Zizindikiro za Parametric: Kukula kwa kufota kumayambira 152 mpaka 163 cm, m'maboma ena anthu amapezeka atakula kuyambira 142 mpaka 173 cm.

Mtundu

Mtundu wa mtundu wamahatchi a Marvari ukhoza kukhala motere: bay, oyera, imvi, ofiira, wakuda, piebald.

Mahatchi oyera ndi olemekezedwa. Amachita nawo miyambo ndi miyambo yopatulika.

Nyama za imvi ndi zina zofananira ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa akavalo.

Zakuda kapena zakuda zimawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto mu mtundu. Kwa Ahindu, wakuda ndi chizindikiro cha imfa ndi mdima.

Kuswana kavalo wa Marvari: zithunzi, mfundo zosangalatsa

Kuyambira kale zimadziwika kuti nthumwi za mtundu uwu zidatengapo mbali pa nkhondo zazikulu zomwe zidachitika ku India. Mahatchi aku Marvari anali ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yomenyera yomwe inawalola kuchita nkhondo yosayenerana ndi oyendetsa njovu. Nthawi zambiri a Rajupts amapambana chifukwa chanzeru komanso zaluso. Mwachitsanzo, ku Middle Ages nkhondo isanachitike, gulu lankhondo linali kuvala mwapadera zopangira mitengo yayikulu pa akavalo awo. Njovu zankhondo za mdani zinawaganizira kuti ndi njovu zazing'ono ndipo sizinawombere. Pakadali pano, akavalo ophunzitsidwa mwapadera a mtundu wa Marvari anayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo pamphumi mwa njovu, ndipo wokwerayo ananyamula mkondo ndi mkondo.

Mu Middle Ages, gulu lankhondo lophunzitsidwa linali la akavalo okwanira makumi asanu. Mahatchi amtunduwu ndiwokhulupirika kwambiri komanso wokhulupirika kwa eni ake. Amakhulupirira kuti kavalo sangasiye mwiniwake wovulalayo, ndipo amuteteza mosamala ndikuthamangitsa adani. Zikatero, mwiniwakeyo akatayika, ndiye chifukwa cha mtima wapadera, nyama nthawi zonse imapeza njira yobwerera.

Kodi mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Chipinda cha mahatchi chikugwirabe ntchito m'gulu lankhondo la India. Koma, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a mahatchi a malani, siogwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kugwira ntchito yankhondo. Izi ndichifukwa choti zochulukazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa anthu.

Mahatchi a Marwar ali ndicholinga chaponseponse. Muwagwiritse ntchito poyenda kapena kunyamula katundu. Oimira mtunduwu nthawi zambiri amangomangidwa pamagalimoto. M'midzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi. Anthu abwino kwambiri amawoloka ndi mtundu wowerengeka wa mahatchi chifukwa chokwera mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mahatchi a Marwari amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusewera polo yamadzi, amatenga nawo mbali pamiyambo yosiyanasiyana, maukwati ndi kuvina kwachi India.