Wopanda - imodzi mwa nsomba zathu zokongola kwambiri, ili ndi utoto wowala kwambiri. Mukangowona koyamba, mkombowo umaimira kufuula kwakukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wolakwika. Koma osanenapo kuti zotsogola ndizokongola kwambiri kuposa ukalipentala. Nyama ya nsomba yosakhwima siipaka mafuta, koma imakhala ndi kamvekedwe koyambirira komwe si aliyense angakonde. Komabe, ngati yophika bwino, mbaleyo imakhala yokoma kwambiri.

Zinthu ndi malo ankhanza

Wopanda - nsomba yodabwitsa komanso yokongola. Wokhala m'midzi yatsopano yamadzi ndi wachibale wa mitembo, ya banja lawo. Mawonekedwe ake ndi mthunzi wofiyira wowala wamapepala (omwe adatipatsa dzina). Monga mukuwonera chithunzi, wamwano ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi roach, chifukwa nsomba zamtunduwu mosakayikira zikufanana.

Koma ndizotheka kusiyanitsa zolengedwa zam'madzi izi ndi mtundu wa maso awo, omwe ali ndi mthunzi wa lalanje mumtambo, ndipo mawonekedwe a nsombayi ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri. Pali zosiyana zina: mano a mizere iwiri ndi mkamwa wowongoka, komanso mbali zina zosaoneka bwino pamiyala. Ngakhale pali mitundu yosakanizidwa yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri yamakhalidwe akunja.

Thupi lamakhomalo ndi golide komanso wowala, lalitali kwambiri komanso lathyathyathya kuchokera kumbali, kutalika kwake kumafikira theka la mita. Malo ofiira amawonekera bwino mu torso yapamwamba. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu nthawi zina kumatha kufika ma kilogalamu awiri kapena kupitirira. Komabe, zitsanzo zapafupipafupi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizodziwika bwino kwa asodzi ku Europe: osati Russia okha, komanso Sweden, England ndi France, ndikugawikanso ku Central Asia ndi Far East. Imakhala m'madzi ndi mitsinje yosiyanasiyana, ikuyenda, kuphatikiza, kunyanja zambiri za Russia, kuphatikizapo Aral, Caspian, Azov, Black ndi ena.

Atangoyitanidwa kuti asamakonde alendo okonda kusangalala ndi nsomba zatsopano: magpie, magpie, magpie. Kuphatikiza apo, amatchedwa anthu okhala ndi mapiko ofiira kapena okhala ndi mapiko ofiira osungira. Nsomba zotere zimapezeka m'madzi a Canada, Tunisia komanso pachilumba cha Madagascar.

Nthawi zambiri, mbawala zimakhala m'chipululu, mitsinje yokhala ndi bata, mayiwe, mabata komanso malo okhala ndi mitsinje yamadzi, mabango ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi, momwe muli malo obisika obisalirako nyama zomwe zimatha kupha adani.

Chikhalidwe komanso moyo wamatsenga

Zoyala zazing'ono zimakonda kusungira m'matumba, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi gombe, pakati pa nkhono, algae ndi mbewu zam'madzi. Magulu oterewa ndiosavuta kupeza m'nkhokwe za mabango, pomwe amasambira osakanikirana ndi nsomba zina: bream, tench, ndi crucian carp.

Akuluakulu komanso odziwa zambiri, monga lamulo, amapita kumalo omwe amakhala m'madzi osaya, akungofunafuna chakudya, ndi nthawi yonse yomwe amakonda kupitako, kumalo amadzi, komwe kuli ufulu wambiri woyenda. Akasankha malo awo okhala, osasinthika sasintha, kukhala moyo wongokhala, osakhala ndi zilako lako komanso kuyenda.

Mwachilengedwe, awa ndi nsomba zaulesi komanso zowoneka pang'ono, koma ngati kuli kotheka amatha kukhala olimba, amoyo, ngakhale amatsatira mosamala nthawi zonse. Monga ma Rochi ndi carp, wamwano amakonda kukumba mwakuya kwambiri m'nkhalangozi za zomera zam'madzi, momwe zimakhalira bata.

Nyama yamiyala siyonenepa konse, koma kakomedwe kake ndi kachilendo, kotero si aliyense amene amawona mbale za munthu wokhala m'madzimo kuti azizisamalira. Koma ngati wophika akumana ndi zabwino, makamaka ngati akudziwa zinsinsi zapamwamba zophikira zakudya zamkati zokhala ndi mikhalidwe yokomera imeneyi, kuchita chilichonse molingana ndi malamulowo, ndiye kuti khutu, mbale zowotchera ndi mbale zabwino zimakhala chisangalalo chabe.

Chapakatikati, achiwisi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito algae ndi mabulosi ngati chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama yawo ikhale yowawa pakadali pano. Ndipo izi zimatha kuwononga chisangalalo cha zakudya zabwino zopangidwa ndi nsomba. Kulanda zopanda pake zatha bwino ndi ndodo yosodza.

Krasnoperki amakonda kutentha, motero njira yogwira ntchito kwambiri m'miyezi yachilimwe. Ndipo ndi nthawi yeniyeniyi kwa asodzi yomwe, pazifukwa izi, amakhala opambana kwambiri. Mu Seputembala, waciwawa ndikwabwino kupezeka nyengo yadzuwa munkhalango zamasamba a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'malo otseguka madzi nthawi ino ya chaka, nsomba sizimatuluka.

Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, magulu ankhandwe amagwa, ndipo amagwera m'mayenje achisanu. Wagwa kufunafuna pobisalira pamalo akuya kwambiri, komwe kumakhazikika masiku asanatenthe, kuyembekezera nthawi yomwe kuwala kwadzuwa kuzitentha.

Chakudya chofiyira

Krasnoperki amakonda makamaka chomera, chomwe chimakhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono zam'madzi, koma kuwonjezera mphutsi, mphutsi, tizilombo, komanso caviar wathanzi ena mwa chakudya chawo.

Zizolowezi za nyama zomwe zimadyanso nyama zimadziwikanso ndi zina mwa zolengedwa izi, ndipo momwe zimadyera mwina zingakhale zisafi, achule komanso mwachangu. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri matalala amaoneka ngati mazira agulugufe, omwe amakhala pamasamba amiyendo yamadzi, akumamwa zipatsozi ndi zokonda za nsomba.

Nthawi zambiri, asodzi odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito ndowe, nyongolotsi zam'magazi ndi mphutsi za nyambo akudya. Ndipo mcherewu umakhala nyambo yabwino kwa nsomba. Ndipo pazokulira zabwino zakudya mkate ndi semolina zimabalalika pamadzi, zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zake.

Kubwezeretsanso komanso moyo waudindo

Mu chaka chachisanu cha moyo nsomba zodula Amakhala okhwima mokwanira kuchita ntchito zongobala. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zam'madzi izi sizingagwirizane osati zokha ndiomwe akuimira muufumu wa nsomba, komanso mitundu ina ya nsomba zofanana mu genetic kwa iwo, pomwe ma hybrids amabadwa.

Mukatulutsa, zomwe zimakonda kupezeka kumapeto kwa Meyi, zipsepse za nsombazo zimakhala zowala, zomwe zimawonetsa kukonzeka kwake kubereka. Nsomba zimayikira mazira, kuchuluka kwa mazira mazana angapo, kuyeza pafupifupi millimeter, ku zimayambira za algae. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo loyamba la nyengo ndi chikasu chowoneka bwino, ndipo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu mumtundu wake limawoneka bwino kwambiri.

Ngakhale, kuchuluka kwa mazira okazinga ndi okumbika nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala anthu abwino, ndipo enawo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, amafa kapena kusabereka. Patatha masiku angapo atatulutsa, mphutsi zimaphukira mazira, pomwe mazira amapangidwa ndi Ogasiti. Rudd amakhala zaka 19.

Kodi mimbulu imawoneka bwanji

Pazithunzi za ukada pa intaneti mutha kuwona mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake adatipatsa dzina. Mphepo za utoto wonyezimira, thupi lothambalala kumbali, mutu wocheperako, mamba asiliva - izi ndizomwe zimakhota.

Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, chakumapeto kwa chaka choyamba chaumoyo, nsomba zimafika kutalika kwa 4-6 masentimita, pazaka zingapo zotsatira zimakula mosatalikirana ndi kuchuluka komweko. Nthawi zina zitsanzo zazikulu zimabwera, zolemera mpaka 2 kg, koma izi ndizosowa.

Moyo wosakhwitsika ndi zaka pafupifupi 10-12.

Zowulutsa

Pofika chaka chachisanu, nsomba zimayamba kutha. Phokoso limayamba kuzimiririka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, maonekedwe a zipsepse amakhala ofiira owala ndi utoto wa lalanje.

Chachikazi, monga lamulo, chimayala 3 servings ya caviar. Mazira ndi ang'ono, osapitirira mamilimita awiri, okutidwa ndi zomatira zomata ndipo amamangiriridwa mosavuta ndi masamba, zimayambira ndi mizu yazomera zam'madzi.

Pakusintha kamodzi, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 5 mpaka 230,000. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku sikuli kwangozi: mazira ambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzi chifukwa chachilala kapena kuterera kwa pansi.

Pakadutsa masiku atatu atayikira mazira, mphutsi zazitali 5 mm, pomwe mphutsizo nkufika kukula kwa 30 mm, mwana wakhandayo amayamba. Fryayi amasungidwa m'matumba m'madzi otentha kwambiri.

Zikuti

Soroga sakonda munthu wothamanga, amakonda madzi okhala ndi madzi opanda mphamvu, nyanja, madamu, ngati ndi mtsinje, amasankha madzi obwezeretsedwa ndi malo obwerera m'madzi, matope abata, odzala ndi mabango ndi matope.

Soroga ndiwokonda dzuwa, amakonda kusambira ndikuphika pakawuni kodutsa zigawo zam'madzi. Madzulo - imasintha malo ake ndikuyandikira pansi, pomwe madzi sanatenthe pansi.

Tcherani khutu!

Zowulutsa

Pofika chaka chachisanu, nsomba zimayamba kutha. Phokoso limayamba kuzimiririka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, maonekedwe a zipsepse amakhala ofiira owala ndi utoto wa lalanje.

Chachikazi, monga lamulo, chimayala 3 servings ya caviar. Mazira ndi ang'ono, osapitirira mamilimita awiri, okutidwa ndi zomatira zomata ndipo amamangiriridwa mosavuta ndi masamba, zimayambira ndi mizu yazomera zam'madzi.

Pakusintha kamodzi, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 5 mpaka 230,000. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku sikuli kwangozi: mazira ambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzi chifukwa chachilala kapena kuterera kwa pansi.

Pakadutsa masiku atatu atayikira mazira, mphutsi zazitali 5 mm, pomwe mphutsizo nkufika kukula kwa 30 mm, mwana wakhandayo amayamba. Fryayi amasungidwa m'matumba m'madzi otentha kwambiri.

Zikuti

Soroga sakonda munthu wothamanga, amakonda madzi okhala ndi madzi opanda mphamvu, nyanja, madamu, ngati ndi mtsinje, amasankha madzi obwezeretsedwa ndi malo obwerera m'madzi, matope abata, odzala ndi mabango ndi matope.

Soroga ndiwokonda dzuwa, amakonda kusambira ndikuphika pakawuni kodutsa zigawo zam'madzi. Madzulo - imasintha malo ake ndikuyandikira pansi, pomwe madzi sanatenthe pansi.

Tcherani khutu!

Kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumeneku kumatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Sepemba. Kenako, ndikuchepa kwa kutentha kozungulira, nsombayo imalepheretsa kagayidwe kake ndikukhazikika pansi pamtunda. Kumeneku, amalekerera mosavuta vuto la kuchepa kwa mpweya m'madzi ndipo amatuluka mnyumba mwake mokhalamo.

Asodzi, ochenjera, koma achidwi, umu ndi momwe asodzi ambiri akatswiri amafotokozera.

Zinthu za usodzi

Gawo lotsatirali likukhudza za momwe mungasungire ziphuphu. Soroga amakonda madzi odekha, m'mphepete mwa miyala. Chifukwa chake, mumakhala zofiira m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kutali ndi mtsinje waukulu.

M'chilimwe, nsomba zimagwidwa pafupi ndi gombe pamalo osaya kuti ndodo isodzi. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yophukira, nsomba zikafunika kuwombera pansi, ndiye kuti chimakhala chonyowetsa kwambiri.

Kuchokera nyambo, zimbudzi zimakonda mphutsi, zimatenga chitsamba chowawa, ndipo mphutsi ya chinjoka imawathandiza kwambiri - ntchentche za caddis.

Marine wakuda

Ku Primorye, kuzilumba za Kuril ndi Sakhalin, Hokkaido ndi gombe lakumpoto kwa chilumba cha Honshu pali mitundu yapadera yamakhwala - yoyera komanso yosaoneka bwino yokhala ngati oundana, imawoneka ngati mtsinje, koma ili ndi thupi lotalikirapo.

Marine rudd ndi nsomba zosadziwikiratu: amakhala munyanja, koma amawaza m'madzi oyera. Redfin Ugai amatchedwa mfumukazi yosodza.

Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, idagwidwa ndi maukonde mwachangu nthawi yonse yotulutsa, chifukwa chomwe chiwerengerochi chidachepetsedwa kwambiri. Tsopano njira iyi ya usodzi sigwiritsidwa ntchito.

Msuzi wamafuta ochepa samakonzedwa, akatswiri amati nyama yake yophika imatupa. Koma roach yokazinga - chokoma kwambiri! Makamaka ogwidwa.

Ulendo wanu wasodzi uyende bwino ndipo chakudya chanu chikhale chosangalatsa!

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Wowongoka amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalitali, lotiwongola mbali, komanso mutu wocheperako. Mano ake ndi akuthwa kwambiri (izi ndizomveka, nsombayo ndi nyama), sawtooth ndipo idapangidwa m'mizere iwiri. Mamba amiyala ndi akulu kwambiri, wina akhoza kunena - wandiweyani. Mwambiri, zitsulo zam'mbali zimakhala ndi 37-54 flakes. Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi laudzu kumatha kufika 50 cm, pomwe nsomba imalemera osaposa 2-2.1 kg.

Ngakhale m'milandu yambiri, kukula ndi kulemera kwawotuwa ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi chakuti rudd ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono (mchaka choyamba cha moyo, kutalika kwa thupi lake limangokwera mpaka 4.5 mm), kotero kuti akuluakulu okha komanso okalamba ndi omwe angafike pazomwe akuwonetsa kukula komanso kulemera (mwachilengedwe , pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya nsomba) anthu.

Tsitsi lake ndi lowoneka bwino, msana wake ndi woderapo wakuda, wamtambo wonyezimira. M'mabuku ena, ndimakhala wobiriwira. Mamba omwe ali pamimba ndi onyezimira, siliva, ndipo mbali zake ndi zagolide. Mwachilengedwe, zipsepse zakudyayo, zomwe zimatipatsa dzina, zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Ponena za mawonekedwe a nsomba iyi - pali mfundo imodzi yosangalatsa. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa achichepere suli wowala ngati wa okhwima pakugonana komanso wachikulire. Mwambiri, mawonekedwewa amafotokozedwa ndikuwonetsa kwa "kusasitsa" kwa nsomba izi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi mbira imawoneka bwanji

Nthawi zambiri, asodzi odziwa kusodza amasokoneza khandalo ndi nsomba yofananira - yodziwika bwino. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa mawonekedwe awo akunja ndiwodziwikiratu. Koma ngakhale zili izi, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe mitundu iwiriyi imasiyanitsidwa (ngakhale nyama isanaphikidwe ndi kudyedwa).

Nanga, roach ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi yamakhalidwe:

• thupi lamakhola limakhala lalikulu komanso lalitali kwambiri - poyerekeza ndi thupi lachiwonetsero. Kuphatikiza apo, mbeuyo imakhala yophimbidwa ndi ntchofu,
• Maonekedwe a phukusi silowoneka bwino komanso okongola - mawonekedwe ake amaoneka "owoneka bwino" kwambiri,
• Maso akhungu ndi amtundu wa lalanje, pomwe mu roach ndi ofiira magazi.
• pali kusiyana pakapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mano. Roach (nsomba yodziwitsa) sangadzitame chifukwa cha mano ake, ndipo amapezeka mumzere umodzi naye. Pankhani ya khomalo, mutha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo mizere iwiri ya mano akuthwa komanso olimba, abwino kudya nyama zazing'ono ndi nsomba,
• Makala a roach ndi akulu pang'ono
• Pali kusiyana pakati pamakhalidwe amtundu, ngakhale asodzi amatha kumawerengera osawadziwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti buluzi limasonkhana pagulu lalikulu, pomwe akuda amakonda kukhazikika "m'mabanja angapo".

Kodi khwangwala amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Redfin m'madzi

Krasnoperk monga malo osankha malo osungirako zokhala ndi algae ndi mabango, osakhalapo mwachangu kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, madzi amadziwe oyenda, nyanja, komanso madzi abwinoko amtsinje - izi ndi njira zabwino zakudyera. Ngakhale zitha kumveka zachilendo bwanji, khwangwala sakonda madzi abwino. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yamphamvu kwa iye nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsimikizira kusakwanira kwa nkhokwe yokhala ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, khwangwala uja ndiwokayikitsa kuti angagwidwe mumtsinje wamapiri, othamanga - sakonda maiwe amenewo.

Khwangwala pafupifupi samabwera pansi pamagombe oyandama - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri tenchi nyengo iliyonse. Komanso, nsomba sizibisala (ngakhale pamatenthedwe) pansi pa tchire ndi mizu yochokera pagombe. Mwanjira iyi, kusiyananso kwina kuchokera ku roach kumayang'aniridwa - iwo, ngakhale atakakamizidwa kugawana dziwe limodzi ndi zimbudzi, amatsatira malo ena otseguka. Inde, ndikusambira, osachepera pansi. Krasnoperka nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi bafa, milatho ndi mabatani - koma pokhapokha ngati palibe madzi am'madzi pafupi.

Ponena za maphunzirowa - inde, oyimbira samamukonda, koma alibe chilichonse chotsutsana ndi ofooka, mofunitsitsa atakhala pafupi ndi whirlpool. Malowa amakopa khwangwala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Ponena za kuthamanga, sikuti ndiwotsika kuyenderera, ndipo asodzi omwe adawona kuchuluka kwa momwe amafalikira kapena, molondola kwambiri, nthawi zina akusewera pamadzi, mogwirizana akuvomereza kuti opaleshoni iyi imapangidwa ndi nsomba yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa roach.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe akumbali amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi makoswe amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Nsomba zazidutswa

Pankhani ya kadyedwe, ukali umakhala wopanda ulemu, ngakhale kuti ndiwomwe umachita mdulidwe.

M'malo mwake, nsomba izi ndizosangalatsa, ndipo zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe muyenera kuchita:

• mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi ndi tizilombo touluka,
• nyongolotsi
• madzi oyera mollusk caviar,
• Zomera, monga: algae, plankton ndi mphukira zazing'ono zamadzi am'madzi.

Pali gawo limodzi lofunikira pankhani ya zakudya - achinyamata osakhwima amadya zooplankton yekha. Ndipo atangoyamba kutha msambo amasintha "kukhala wamphamvu", kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zaudzu wachikulire, kuwonjezera pa zonse pamwambazi, zimayimiriridwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono zam'mera zam'madzi ndi zomera zonyansa. Samanyansidwa ndi nsomba zina, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zimadyanso mosangalatsa.

M'nyengo yotentha, mbira imakonda kudya nkhono, zomwe zimaponya kumbuyo kwa masamba amiyendo yamadzi (kutanthauza yomwe imayang'anana ndi madzi). Chifukwa chake mukapita kukasaka usiku wabwino wa Juni, mumatha kumva kulira kwa maluwa akusungunuka m'miyala yamaluwa am'madzi - uwu ndiye khola lomwe limatsuka kwambiri nkhono zam'madzi zomwe zimamatirira masamba amaluwa amadzi, potero zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu omaliza. Phokoso lofananalo limapanga mlengalenga ndikugwira.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Zapafupipafupi

Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Seputembala, achinyamata ongoyenda pang'ono amasintha kukhala mabango ndipo nthawi zambiri, amakhala nthawi yachisanu. Akuluakulu, anthu okhwima mwakugonana, nthawi imeneyi, amakonda kumamatira kumalo ozama. Akalulu amayesa kucheperako kuti awoneke pamadzi. Zotsatira zake, m'mwezi wa Okutobala amagwa nthawi yozizira. Mwachidule, kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, munthu mwina sangakhale ndi chiyembekezo chodzapeza chipwirikiti. Ngakhale zili choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo yoyendera nthawi zonse kuchita izi sikungakuthandizeni.

M'madziwe ndi m'madziwe, komanso m'mitsinje yosaya, nthawi yozizira, mpweya wabwino ukakhala wosakwanira, funde limayandama pamwamba. Pakadali pano, imatha kugwidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti rudd ndi nsomba yolimba kwambiri. Imakhala yonyentchera ngati madzi apamwamba kwambiri, komanso olimba kwambiri.

Chiwerengero chambiri chamakhalidwe oyamba chifukwa chakuti kugwidwa kwa nsomba'ku kuli ndi zovuta zambiri - ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira, chifukwa osasamala amawonetsa kusamala. Nsomba sizimawonekera m'malo otseguka, ndipo pangozi imabisala m'nkhokwe zam'madzi zam'madzi - izi ndizovuta kwa adani achilengedwe. Koma asodzi amatengera chidwi kuti kuwedza nsomba zamakola kumatha kupezeka ndi nyambo zowala zachikasu. Chimodzi mwa nsomba izi ndi kunyalanyaza kwathunthu kwa mitundu ina.

Chosangalatsa: achikulire (mabungwe ake onse) sanapeze tanthauzo la mafakitale. Cholinga chake ndi kukoma pang'ono kowawa. Koma kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiwofunika kwambiri - makamaka chifukwa cha malo ambiri okhala komanso zovuta kugwidwa. Chimbudzi sichigwidwa kuti chiphike khutu kuchokera pamenepo - njira yolanda yokha ndiyofunikira kwa asodzi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Pa zaka 3-5 zakubadwa, rudd amafikira kutha msinkhu. Kukula kwake pofika nthawi ino kuli pafupifupi masentimita 11-12, ndipo nsomba imakhala ikutuluka. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi miyezi 2-3, kuyambira Epulo kapena Meyi (chiyambi chimadalira malo okhala) mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Chonde dziwani kuti nthawi iyi ndioyenera pakuwona kutentha kwapakati pa 16-16 madigiri. Panthawi yotambalala, mtundu wamatsenga umakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wowonekera kuposa nthawi yonseyo.

Msuzi wa nsomba umamezeredwa pamadzi am'madzi, ndipo samasulidwa zonse nthawi imodzi, koma mwamphamvu. Zina mwa nsomba izi ndizakuti mphindi yakuberekerayi isanayambe kubereka, ma 2 servings a caviar samacha kale, ndipo ya 3 imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mazira enieniwo ndi omata, ndi mulifupi mwake 1-1.5 mm. Pafupipafupi, mazira amaponyera mazira 232, koma ndizovuta kuwapeza iwo okonda mwachangu (mazira nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi mizu yazomera zam'madzi, ndipo khosalo limasungidwa bwino).

Kutalika kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe sikupita masiku atatu. Akaswa mwachangu, kutalika kwake ndi 5 mm, ndipo akafika 30 mm, nthawi yeniyeni ya mwachangu imayamba. Kukula kwa anthu opanda pake kumakhala kochepa chifukwa chakuti ambiri omwe amatha kukhala mwachangu amwalira panthawi yamakulidwe, ndikukhala "chakudya cham'mawa" cha omwe amadyera pang'ono.

Chosangalatsa: Chiwerengero chachikulu cha achiwisi chikufotokozedwanso kuti pazotheka zina, amatha kukwatirana ndi oimira ena a nsomba za banja la cyprinid. Chifukwa chake, ma hybrid okhwima ndi crucian carp, tench, bream, ndi zina zambiri ndi roach ndizotheka. Kuphatikiza apo, chosangalatsa kwambiri, mosiyana ndi malamulo a genetics, ma hybrids omwe amachokera pamtanda woterewu sataya mwayi wawo wobereka komanso kubereka bwino ana. Izi ndi zina zomwe zikuthandizira pakukula msanga kwa anthu wamba okhwima.

Adani achilengedwe amwano

Chithunzi: Kodi mbira imawoneka bwanji

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ake, nyama zam'madzi zambiri zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama zam'madzi zatsopano monga pike, catfish ndi mapaki - nsomba zazikuluzikulu zidaphunzira kuthana ndi "zanzeru" zake zonse. Mwakutero, kupezeka kwa adani achilengedwe komwe ndikolepheretsa kukula kwa ziwonetserozi - motero, ndikotheka kukhalitsa kuyanjana kwa chilengedwe cha matupi amadzi, chifukwa "roach ofiira" amaswana kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, pakalibe zovuta, nsomba zimakhala zopanda pake. Karasi samayesa kuthana ndi khwangwala wokhwima, ndizovuta kupeza caviar (omalizira adabisanso mokhulupirika), koma ndizosavuta kudya nyama zazing'ono. Mdani wina wamiyala ndi nkhono - maiwe ang'ono ndi akulu. Tingoyerekeza kuti amamuyankha "kubwezeretsa", kuwononga mazira.

Komabe, munthu amakhalabe mdani wamkulu wa loboti loyang'ana kutsogolo - osati msodzi wamba wokhala ndi ndodo ya usodzi, kapena ngakhale wolemba ndi ukonde. Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamtunduwu kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri ndicholinga chonse choti asafafanizidwe. Koma kutulutsa kwa mafakitale m'mabizinesi kumapangitsa kuti awonongeke kwambiri. Koma ngakhale oyeserera adazolowera kuthana ndi vutoli - atatulutsa zinthu zovulaza, amasuntha kwambiri ndikubwerera. Mavuto omwe amawonongedwa ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba amapha kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Nsomba zazidutswa

Kuphatikiza pa zamtundu wachilendo wamba, pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba.

Woyamba wa Scardinius acarnanicus. Izi zamtundu wa zigawenga zimangokhala kum'mwera kwa Greece, kukhala chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri. Thupi la nsomba limafika mpaka 33 cm. Ngakhale pali kusiyana pakumagawidwa pamitunduyi, chipwirikiticho chili ndi kusiyana kochepa kuchokera paziphuphu wamba - kusiyana pakati pamitundu iwiriyi kumangokhala mu mawonekedwe enieni a zipsepse komanso kuchuluka kwa akatswiri a branchial.

Scardinius acarnanicus amayamba kuyambira koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka Julayi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chiyembekezo chonyansachi chimakhudza okhawo omwe anali Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai ndi Scardinius graecus (amene tikambirane pansipa). Kuchulukana kwa mitundu ina yonse kukukula mosiyanasiyana mitundu yawo.

Wachi Greek. Dzina Lachilatini pamasamba awa ndi Scardinius graecus. Imadziwikanso kuti Ilikskie rudd - dzinali limaperekedwa ndi malo okhala (nsomba yomwe imakhala kunyanja ya Iliki, yomwe ili mkati mwa Greece). Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi kutalika - kukula kwa thupi la akuluakulu kungafike masentimita 40. Ichthyologists amagwirizanitsa kuchepa kwa anthu amtunduwu ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya.

Woyipa Scardinius racovitzai. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala mchombo chotentha cha Petrikira (Baile Epiropesti), chomwe chili kumadzulo kwa Romania. Potengera kukula, mitundu yamitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa matupi awo sikupita masentimita 8.5. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala malo amwano awa kumalumikizidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe chawo.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mutha kupeza zowona kuti ku Far East - Sakhalin komanso m'madzi atsopano a Japan, nsomba inanso yaying'ono yokhala ndi dzina lofananalo imakhala - ofiira oyamba ku Far East. Ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi malingaliro olakwika, iye alibe chochita ndi malingaliro athu wamba, ngakhale dzina lomwelo. Malinga ndi gulu la masiku ano, zimbudzi za ku Far East ndi za mtundu wina wa nsomba.

Titha kunena wamwano - nsomba ndiyodekha, yopanda ulemu, imakhala moyo wochepetsa thupi (wokhala ndi zosowa zina), pafupifupi osasiya matupi ake amoyo. Zokha kupatula zotulutsa zamavulazo kapena kusaya kwa mitsinje (nyanja, dziwe). Redfinches amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mwamtendere - ngakhale kuti ndi adani. Nsomba sizimawombana wina ndi mnzake - koma alendo sakondwerera. Akalulu amakhala ndi mpikisano wotsika wa intraspecific, unyinji wawo kwa iwo si chifukwa chogawa gawo ndi wina aliyense.

Kugawa ndi malo

Wopanda ndizofala kwambiri m'malo athu osungira. Ndiwochulukirapo m'mitsinje ya m'malo akuda, Azov, Caspian ndi Nyanja za Aral. Amapezekanso ku Baltic States ndi Siberia. Kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Pacific, Far East waku roud, kapena Ugai, amakhala. Mwambiri, a rudd amakhala m'mitsinje yambiri komanso nyanja zambiri za France, England, ku Central Europe, Sweden, ku Russia malire ake kumpoto sakudziwika molondola, koma amapezeka kumwera kwa Finland (mpaka ku Biorneborg), ngakhale kuti safika ku Lake Onega. Poona izi, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti sizikupezeka konse mumitsinje yonse yoyenda mu White and Arctic sea, koma izi zimafunikiranso chitsimikiziro, chifukwa zitha kupezeka kuti, monga m'malo ena ambiri, ndizosakanikirana ndi roach, ndipo Nthawi zina komanso wolimbikitsa.

Ngakhale zokhala ngati zitseko, zokhala ngati roach, zimapewa kuyenderera mwachangu, malo omwe nsombazi zili ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Choyang'aniracho chimasungidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi akulu, m'madziwe oyenda, onse munyanja zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, malo osungira. Mosiyana ndi ma boti, amakonda kwambiri madera akutali momwe mabuluni, mabango, masamba owongolera, maluwa a m'madzi ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi zambiri. Kuno kwa iye, kuphatikiza pa chakudya, nthawi zonse pamakhala mthunzi ndi pabwino kwa adani. Komanso, pali njira inayake. Pafupi ndi gombe, pakati pa tchire ndi mabowo, m'malo ochepa "otetezedwa" otetezedwa okhala, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba. Zazikulu zazikulu, ngakhale zili zoyenera kudyetsa mabedi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri poyera, posankha mapiri a pansi pa madzi omwe ali ndi udzu.

Kukhazikika kwa khwangwala kumakhala zisa ndi akulu amtsinje, ndimadziwe oyenda, ma dziwe, komwe mabango, mabango ndi mbewu zina zimamera. Apa nthawi zambiri amakumana mdera lokhala ndi carp carp, mizere ndi bream ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, osakonda kuchoka pamalo ake osankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, sichipezeka paliponse, koma m'malo, ndi komwe kuli ambiri, komwe ndi osowa kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, zikuwoneka kuti ndizochulukirapo kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Russia kuposa zigawo zapakati. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kumunsi kwa Volga, kumakhala njira zambiri zopanda phokoso komanso zokhala phee, ndipo ndizofala kwambiri kunyanja zonse zazikulu ndi zapakati kumadzulo kwa Russia. M'maboma pafupi ndi Moscow, imasungidwa makamaka m'madziwe oyenda, ngakhale ali ochepa, koma ambiri - m'madzi osefukira ndi akulu.

Zaka, kukula, kuchuluka

Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika masentimita 36, ​​ndipo kulemera kodziwika kokwanira ndi 2 kg, kukula kwake kwa nthawi zonse ndi 16-19 cm ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 100-300 g.

Mbawala imamera pang'onopang'ono. Mbawala zamtundu wamtundu wa nsomba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zamtengo wotsika. M'chaka choyamba, umafika kutalika kwa 3 cm ndi 1 1 g, mu zaka 3-4 mpaka 10-12,5 masentimita ndi kuchuluka kwa 23-48 g, pofika zaka 8 - 20cm komanso 20 cm wambiri pafupifupi 200. Pazamalonda ndi masewera ena amakumana nthawi zambiri. Tonse, anthu azaka za pakati pa 3 mpaka 5 omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa 23 mpaka 120 g amapezeka, mitundu yayikulu ikulu limodzi. Kuchokera pazofufuza zomwe zimagwiridwa, zimadziwika kuti kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsomba izi m'malo osungirako ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 1 kg. Akalulu amatha kukhala ndi zaka 12.

Mbira imakhwima mchaka cha 4 - 5 cha moyo, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Caviar imazidulira m'magawo ambiri mazira -96-232,000. Kutumphuka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi, mu Juni, kutentha kwa madzi kukafika 1820 ° С. Ikatambalala, mbira imangodumphira pamwambapa, singazunguzika, monga momwe ma cyprinid ena ambiri amachitira, ndipo imayikira mazira mwakachetechete. Kukhazikika kwa chete kwa mabango ndi mabango kumawonetsera kuti kufalikira kumachitika m'malo awa. Caviar imagwiritsa ntchito zomera za mbeu. Sizotheka kuwona kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti atuluke: imachitika ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono omwazikana, nthawi zina pamodzi ndi blak, tench, siliva wakuthwa, ndipo woyipayo amatha kuwoloka ndi mtanda wopanda pake komanso siliva, ndikupanga mtanda. Mwa nthawi ya kuswana, 2 servings ya caviar imakhazikika mmenemo, ndipo chachitatu - mwachindunji panthawi yopanga. Caviar ndi yaying'ono, m'mimba mwake dzira lokakhwima limakhala pafupifupi 1 mm, mtundu wa magawo osiyanasiyana umatha kusiyanika: caviar okhwima ndi chikasu chowoneka, gawo lotsatira ndi loyera chikaso, ndipo lachitatu limayera. Kubereka kwa akazi ndikokwera kwambiri: m'litali mwake masentimita 12 mpaka 13, kufalikira kokwanira pafupifupi mazira 10,000, mu nsomba kutalika kwa 16- 17 cm, pafupi 23,000, ndi 22-23 masentimita, mazira 125 kapena kuposerapo. Chonde chonde chimachokera ku mazira 220 mpaka 400 pa 1 g ya misa. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mazira komwe kumayikidwa ndikokulira, kuchuluka kwa matalala am'madzi ndi ochepa. Izi ndichifukwa choti zochuluka za caviar zimafa nthawi ya makulidwe m'malo ovuta: m'madzi osaya kapena opukutira, gawo la caviar limakhalabe losabereka, chifukwa akazi nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira popanda amuna. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la m'badwo limamwalira pambuyo pogwirirana. Kuyika mazira kumatenga masiku 3-4, magawo onse a kukula kwa malekezero amakwaniritsidwa pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo mwachangu amapangidwa ndi Ogasiti.

Moyo

Malinga ndikuwona kwa khwangwala, uyu ndi, wolankhula, wamphamvu komanso wamtundu nsomba, m'malo onsewa ndiwoposa chifukwa - omwe amakhala nawo, ngakhale komwe malo ake ndi osiyana. Ndi khola lomwe limapezeka nambala yayikulu kwambiri munthaka zouma kwambiri, makamaka mabango, mabango, pakati pa mabokosi (kakombo wamadzi) ndi pafupi ndulu ya madzi, kotero kuti m'madziwe opitilira nthawi zonse amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa roach.Monga tench, zimapezeka, motero, zochulukitsa kwambiri mu dziwe lakumwamba komanso m'malo otseguka, malo opezekapo, pafupifupi sizimatuluka, koma sakonda mthunzi ndi madzi atsopano, komabe, osamamatira pansi ngati tench ndi roach, motero amasambira chilimwe chonse (kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti), b. maola theka-madzi, ndi nyengo yotentha - m'magawo ake apamwamba, pafupifupi 15 masentimita kuchokera pamtunda, kwakukulu, amakonda kusenda dzuwa. Mukutentha kumasambira kwathunthu pamwamba ndipo kumatsogolera njira yamoyo tsiku ndi tsiku kuposa pike ndi nsomba: imawoneka kokha kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa (kupatula nthawi yowaza), madzulo imalowa m'magawo am'madzi ofunda, otentha ndi maudzu, omwe amakhala okulirapo gawo mu otchedwa. madzi kapena mabango ndi mabango. Chingwe chachikulu kwambiri chimasungidwa m'mabedi ndi mabango tsiku lonse ndikusambira kuno kumapeto, ndikungotuluka kunja kwawo.

Rudd samayenda pansi pa gombe loyandama - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri tchire pamoto ndi kuzizira, komanso samabisala (nthawi yotentha) pansi pa tchire ndi mizu pagombe, ngati roach, yomwe, ikamanjana ndi khoma, imamatira malo ena otseguka ndipo amasambira kwambiri pafupi ndi pansi. Krasnoperka amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi bafa, milatho, milatho, pokhapokha ngati udzu utakula pafupi. Sichokera kutali ndi m'nkhalangozi komanso ndi ma mita angapo ndipo sichimakonda mpanda wofowoka, ngakhale imakonda malo opanda phokoso a dziwe la mphero, kukopeka ndi chakudya chochuluka. Mukuthamanga, siwotsika kuyenderera mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo aliyense amene amawona ndi mphamvu yomwe ikulimba kapena, m'malo mwake, nthawi ina akusewera, atha kunena kuti splash iyi imapangidwa ndi nsomba zamphamvu kuposa roach.

Chakudya cha rudd chimakhala, malinga ndi zomwe ndawona, za mphukira zazing'ono zazomera, zomera zowoneka bwino (Spirogyra, Cladophora - mabulosi, "amadyera"), mphutsi, tizilombo, mazira a nsomba zina, komanso ana. M'chilimwe, mbawala imafunitsitsa, mwina, kudya nkhono yam'madzi pansi pa masamba a kakombo wamadzi, nthawi zambiri m'miyala yamaluwa am'madzi kumamveka pena paliponse - nkhono iyi imatsuka masamba. Wotsutsana mofananamo nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu m'mlengalenga.

Zida zamiyendo

Akalulu ndi a gulu laling'ono komanso lotsika mtengo. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, mchaka choyamba kukula kwa zodumphira kumafikira masentimita 3-4. Kutha msamba kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Makulidwe wamba amimbayi ndi masentimita 16-18 ndi kulemera kwa 150-300 gr. Nsomba imawonedwa kukhala yayikulu ngati kutalika kwake kuli 23-30 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi kwa 700-900 g. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa khwangwala ndi 2.1 kg ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 51, koma iyi ndi nkhani yapadera.

Kulanda zopanda pake

Olemba ena amalimbikitsa kuti azigwira popanda kuyandama, ndikulowetsa mbedza ndikuwotchera ndi mormyshka wamba. Amafotokoza izi chifukwa choti kuwedza kwa mormyshka ndi nyama zambiri kuposa kuwedza ndi ndodo yosodza.

Pasakhale malupu, ma swivels kapena ma carbine pamzere wa usodzi - zonsezi ndizosafunikira. Chingwe chomenyera ndodo chiyenera kukhala cholumikizidwa "mwamphamvu." Tizikumbukira kuti kudalirika kwa zida zonse kumadalira osati pamlingo ndi mtundu wa chingwe chodziwombera, komanso momwe angler amamangirira mbezayo. Asanalimitse msonkhanowo, amalimbikitsidwa kumunyowetsa ndi madzi otentha.

Pokhapokha vuto lanu lidzakhala lopepuka, labwino komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zowoneka pano sizingakhale zowonongera.

Monga chida chosinthira ndodo yanu yosodza, nthawi zonse mumanyamula zokhala ndi mizere yosiyanasiyana ya ma diameter osiyanasiyana ndi utoto wozungulira kuzungulira kumbuyo. Zomata ndi zoyandama ziyenera kukhala zosamalitsa bwino, ndipo zokokolera zizikhala ndi kutalika kwakumaso kosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbuto wabzala mbedza yokhala ndi mkono wofupikitsa, ndiye kuti mbowo imamugwetsa pansi, osasungidwa. Kwa mphutsi ndi nsabwe zamagazi, m'malo mwake, ziboko zomwe zili ndi kutsogolo kwakanthawi kuli bwino.

Wosakhazikika amatsogolera moyo wamasana. Madzulo, amachoka m'madzere amadzi ndi kuvala mu udzu. M'nyengo yozizira, imagona mu mayenje a dzinja ndipo sikuwedza. Pakatikati, kusodza kwa ziphuphu kumatha kuyamba madzi osefukira atatha.

M'mwezi wa Meyi - Juni, ankhandwe amawaza. Pakadali pano, kumadera onse amdziko lino oletsedwa kusodza nsomba iliyonse. Pakati penipeni pa Russia munthawi yowerengera sikuloledwa ngakhale kuyambitsa mabwato pamadzi. Zowona, usodzi wamasewera umaloledwa kuchokera pagombe ndi ndodo imodzi yosodzi yokhala ndi mbedza imodzi.

Ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti m'chilimwe masana rudd amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka: m'mawa - kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 ndi madzulo kuyambira 17 mpaka 19, i.e. Nthawi yothandiza kwambiri posodza ndi nthawi yam'mawa ndi yamadzulo.

Kusankha kopanda phokoso ndi nyambo, komwe angler amati kukopa, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuchita bwino. Nthawi zambiri amatenga semolina ngati mphuno, ndipo ngati nyambo ya nyongolotsi ndowe, mphutsi ndi nyongolotsi za magazi. Mutha kukulitsa lonse lonse.

Poyamba kusodza, amayesa chilichonse chomwe adabwera nacho nthawi ino, mpaka zitawonekeratu kuti ndi yanji yomwe ikusokosera masiku ano. Chapakatikati, nthawi zambiri amagwira nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi mphutsi zofiira. Amawoneka bwino m'madzi ovuta. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zimakhala ndi njala ndikuziwakha.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti ziphuphu zimakonda mphutsi zazing'ono komanso zapakati. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti amapanikizika kwambiri pa mbedza kuposa mphutsi zazikulu, mwachilengedwe, amakopa chidwi chawo chokha.

Pakutentha kwa chilimwe, chikhonde chimagwidwa bwino pa ntchentche, nyumba yaing'ono ndi khosi la crayfish. Kuchita bwino ndi kusodza kwamiyala yayikulu pa mphutsi ya chinjoka.

Nthawi zambiri, mbira zimagwidwa ndikuponyera zibowo nyambo kapena mabango m'mizere pakati pa masamba, kapena "mawindo". Nyambo imayikidwa masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera pansi kuti siyandame. Nthawi iliyonse mukaponya, ngati kuluma sikutsatila mwachangu, ndikofunika kukoka tambalo pang'ono kwa inu kuti chingwe cha nsomba pakati pake ndi ndodo chitambasulidwe - izi zipangitsa kuti kuthana kwanu kuzikhala kovuta, ndipo kuluma kuonekere. Nthawi zambiri, kuluma kumatsatira panthawi yomwe kumenyedwa. Nthawi zina akhungu amagwira nyambo, itangokhala pamadzi.

M'nyengo yotentha, tizilombo tambiri ndi mphutsi zawo zikaonekera, sizoyipa kugwira nyambo yomwe ikumira pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwakeko kumadalira kuya kwa kusodza, chifukwa Nthawi iliyonse mutatha kunyamula nyambo mpaka pansi ndikofunikira kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano. Swing yokhala ndi njira iyi isodzi siyofunikira. Kulumidwa ndikapendekera popanda chimbudzi kumawoneka ngati achilendo: kuyandama modzidzimutsa kumayandikira mbali, kenako ndikubwerera, ndikuyandamanso, ndipo mwadzidzidzi ndikumayenda pansi pamadzi. Ndikofunikira kuwedza pakadutsa kokhazikika kwambiri. Madziwo atasowa m'madzi, amachedwa kwambiri kuti ayambe kulumikizana.

Ngati, atagwira ziguduli ziwiri kapena zitatu, kuluma kwatha, ndiye musathamangire kuti musinthe malowo. Nthawi zina mphindi zochepa zimakhala zokwanira kuti nsombayo izigontha ndikubweranso. Choyipa chachikulu ndikadakhala kuti nsomba idasweka. Phokoso losweka nthawi yomweyo limapanga "phokoso" kotero kuti abale ake onse amabalalika mosiyanasiyana ndikutseka chomera cham'madzi cham'madzi.

Scardinius acarnanicus

Amakhala kumwera kwa Greece. Imafika mpaka 33 cm. Amasiyana pang'ono kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha zipsepsi komanso kuchuluka kwa ma gill. Kutalikirana kwamtunduwu kumatha kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Julayi. Komanso chidacho chikuwopsezedwa kuti chitha.

Scardinius racovitzai

Amakhala mu matenthedwe otentha Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), kumadzulo kwa Romania. Mtundu wamtunduwu ndiwocheperako kwambiri, kutalika kwawo sikokwanira kupitirira masentimita 8.5 Komanso ndikuwopsezedwa ndikutha chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa malo awo okhala.

Kukhetsa

M'chaka chachitatu mpaka chachisanu cha moyo, chimbudzi chimayamba kutha. Kukula kwa nsombazi pofika nthawi ino kuli kale masentimita 12, ndipo imakhala yokonzeka kutuluka, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Epulo kapena Meyi (kutengera malo omwe amakhala) mpaka kumapeto kwa June pamtunda wabwino wa madigiri 16-20. Pofika nthawi yotambalala, mtundu wamakedzana umakhala wowala komanso wowonekera bwino. Amayikira mazira pamadzi am'madzi, ndipo amamasulidwa osati zonse nthawi imodzi, koma Mlingo wa metered. Asanabadwe, khandalo limapsa kale masentimita awiri, ndipo lachitatu limapangika nthawi yomweyo. Mazira enieniwo amakhala omata, ali ndi mainchesi 1-1,5. Mbira nthawi zambiri zimayikira mazira 232, koma kuwapeza siophweka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaziphatikiza ndi mizu yazomera zam'madzi.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku atatu. Akatentheka, kutalika kwawo ndi 5 mm, ndipo 30mm akafika, nthawi ya mwachangu imayamba. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe adayikidwa ndikokulira, gawo lina la omwe amatha kukhala mwachangu amwalira nthawi yomwe akukonzekera.

Zochititsa chidwi ndi zamatsenga

• Chiwerengero chambiri chachikuda ndichoti nsomba izi ndizovuta kuzigwira, zimasamala, sizimalowa m'malo otseguka, pangozi imabisala m'nkhokwe za algae kapena mabango.
• Chimbalangondo sichinakhale nsomba ya mafakitale, popeza ndi yowawa pang'ono.
• Asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo asodzi akudziwa bwino kuti kuluma kumeneku kumangoluma nyambo zowala zachikasu; nyambo zamitundu ina sizinyalanyazidwa ndi nsomba izi. (Tsopano mukudziwa yankho la funsolo: kodi khwangwala imakhala kuti).
• Nsombazi ndizosangalatsa kwa asodzi a masewera chifukwa malo ake ambiri amakhala.

Malo okhala odabwitsa

Malo okhala zimbudzi amapezeka m'mitsinje yonse yatsopano ndi m'madziwe a ku Europe, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto. Amapezeka ku Caucasus ndi Central Asia.

Gawo lalikulu la nsomba ndi maiwe:

• Azovsky
• Chakuda
• Caspian
• Nyanja za Baltic ndi Zoyera.

Imapezeka m'mitsinje ya Eastern Siberia. Malo abwino oti khomalo limakhalamo ndi mabatani, nyanja ndi mayiwe, akulu a mitsinje yopanda magetsi. Nsomba zimalekerera mosavuta kusowa kwa oxygen; Amasankha malo omwe bulrushes, bango, duckweed ndi mbewu zina zimakula zochuluka. Amasambira pafupi ndi gombe, ndipo usiku umalowa m'maenje apansi.

Kusiyana kwamiyala ku roach

Ndikosavuta kupeza kusiyana pakati pa roach ndi rudd ndi izi:

• Thupi lachiwimbirocho ndi lokwera komanso lokwiriridwa ndi ntchofu,
• ndalama ya dorsal ili pamtunda womwewo ndi chamkati, ndipo ili ndi mawilo 10-12,
• mamba akulu, palibe mdima kumbuyo, mtundu wonsewo ndi siliva wopanda tint wachikasu,
• zipsepse zimakhala zofiirira, osati zofiira,
• kamwa yowongoka, yopanda malire wachikasu pamilomo.
• mkamwa, mano 5-6 mzere uliwonse,
• maso ofiira
• ilibe nthiti yotulutsa pamimba.

Pansipa pali chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa zipere ndi kuzula.

Rudd amapeza chakudya pamadzi, pomwe chofufumiracho chimakonda kudya pansi, chimatenga tchire lalitali ndi anthu ochepa pansi pamadzi.

Njira zogwirira mwankhanza

Rudd ndi thermophilic, ndiye kuti zikondwerero zabwino kwambiri zaumbirizo zimachitika mchaka, kapena makamaka kumapeto kwake, ndipo zimatha mpaka pakati pa Seputembara. Kulanda chiwembu kuli bwino kuyambira m'mawa mpaka kulowa dzuwa. Sakani nsomba zizikhala munkhokwe za mabango kapena zomera zina za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nyengo imayenera kukhala yotentha, popanda mphepo yamkuntho mwadzidzidzi. Pakazizira, nsomba imakhala yakuya. Mbawala ndi "chiwembu" chosawoneka bwino, chitha kuwerengedwa mosavuta ndikusuntha mapesi ndi mitsinje yamadzi.

Ngati mungokhala chete osayenda modzidzimuka m'madzi, ndiye kuti imatha kuyandikira kwambiri. Ndi njira zogwirira khwawa kuchokera kumtunda kuli vuto - zibowo. Kuti muchepetse ngozi, muyenera kusankha zida zoyenera. Ndodo yoyandama yoyandama yomwe ili ndi ndodo yocheperako ya mamita 4-5 ndiyabwino. Makulidwe abwino kwambiri a mzere wasodzi ndi 0.25 mm. Ndikwabwino kutenga kachikwama kakang'ono zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka (nkhata kapena bango).

Chokolecho chimayenera kusankhidwa cholimba, koma chochepa thupi, apo ayi ndikotheka kuthyola mlomo wofowoka, ndikusweka. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito pellet imodzi ya yaying'ono yaying'ono ngati sinker. Nthawi zambiri kuluma kumadutsa m'mphepete mwa mbewu zam'mphepete, ndiye kuti nyambo iyenera kuponyedwa. Breadcrumbs, barele la ngale, chimanga kapena ufa wa tirigu, chinangwa chaching'ono, etc. ndizoyenera. Chachikulu ndichakuti pamakhala phokoso pompopompo ndi fungo la nyambo.

Mbira ndi yosasamala pachakudya, ndipo asodzi nyambo amagwiritsa ntchito ndowe ndi nyongolotsi, mphutsi, mphutsi za magazi, mphutsi za ntchentche ndi kafadala, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapenanso ziwala. Kusankha kwa malangizo a chomera kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana - chipolopolo cha chimanga, chimanga cha mkate, nandolo, mapira, mbewu za chimanga, michere ndi zina zambiri. Kuponya zida zamagetsi kuyenera kukhala kotsika, ndikosavuta kuponya molondola.

Nsombayo imagwira nyambo nthawi yomweyo, motero msodzi amayenera kuyang'anira. Wovutitsidwa akatsogolera mbedzayo m'khola, mbedza singapewe. Kutsegula zomangirazo kumapangitsa phokoso ndipo paketiyo ipita kumalo otetezeka. Ngati kuli kotheka kudziwa sukulu, muyenera kuponyera nyambo nthawi zonse m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsombayo ikhale yopepuka. Komanso, posodza, m'mphepete mwa ndodo pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo yoluka ya 2-2,5 m yokhala ndi sipinachi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati mumedza nsomba kuchokera m'bwatomo, pewani malo ambiri opezeka madzi, ndikukhala pafupi ndi maluwa a madzi oyandama, osokedwa, mabowo osiyanasiyana ndi mitengo yomwe idalowa m'madzi. Ndikofunika kugwira chikhodzodzo chachikulu chodyetsa pogwiritsa ntchito odyetsa. Kuponyera kwakutali, ngati njira yogwirira khola, sikofunikira, kotero mtundu wopepuka wautali wa 3.5-4 metres ndi woyenera. Tayirani nthawi yopitilira mita imodzi kuti nyambo yayikidwe m'madzi. Yoyandama ndi katunduyo imakhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa 50-60 cm kuchokera ku mbedza.

Khwangwala wotulutsidwa m'mphepete mwa madzi mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri amauluka mbedza. Kuti mupewe izi, mbedza iyenera kukhala yakuthwa komanso yofulumira, apo ayi pakhoza kupulumuka nsomba imatsogolera sukulu yonse kumalo otetezeka.