Teal Salvadori kapena bakha salvadori(Salvadorina waigiuensis) ndi mbalame zamtundu wa ku New Guinea. Amayikidwa mu genotypic genus Salvadorina.

Ili ndi mutu komanso khosi lofiirira, ndipo thupi lake limaletsedwa ndipo limawona bulauni lakuda komanso loyera ndi miyendo ya lalanje komanso mlomo wachikasu.

Ndiobisalira anthu okhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje mwamphamvu. Izi ndizopatsa chidwi. Imapeza chisa chake pafupi ndi madzi ndipo imayikira mazira awiri kapena anayi nthawi yachisanu. IUCN yalemba kuti mbalame ndizosatetezeka, ndipo chiwerengero chonse chikhoza kuchepa.

SalvadorDali

Salvador Dali (dzina lathunthu Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali ndi Domenech, Marquis wa Dali de Pubol, Meyi 11, 1904, Figueres, Spain - Januware 23, 1989, ibid.) - m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino ku Spain, omwe adakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pazikhalidwe zapadziko lonse lapansi. Anakhala wotchuka osati chifukwa cha luso lake lokha, komanso chifukwa cha chithunzithunzi chopangidwa mwaluso, chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino komanso mawu okopa za iye komanso malo omwe amakhala. Anakhala moyo wautali, wopitilira pang'ono kapena wosasangalala, adakwatirana ndi mmodzi yekha ndipo Gala (wotchulidwa mu Chifalansa, motsimikizika ndi syllable yomaliza), yomwe adakweza mpembedzowo ndikupembedza fano kwa moyo wake wonse.

Zojambula za ntchito ya Salvador Dali: wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha zojambula zake zodzilemba, ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito masitayilo osiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku chithunzi cha unyamata ndi unyamata kuubwana wake mpaka nthawi ya nthawi. Anali woyang'anira ntchito zonse: amapanga zithunzi, ma logo ndi malonda amkati, ankalemba zikwangwani, zolembalemba ndi zojambulajambula, zolemba zophika ndi magraph. Sanachite manyazi kubwereketsa komanso zambiri pazojambula za ambuye ake okondedwa - Velazquez, Vermeer ndi ena.

Kubwera kwachiwiri
Kapangidwe ka umunthu wa katswiri wamtsogoloyu kunachitika munthawi yomwe sizinamupatse mwayi wokhala munthu wina - wina wabwinobwino komanso wosaonekera. Kuphatikiza pa chikhalidwe chowoneka bwino chomwe chimapangitsa ndikuyang'ana zochitika zonse zaubwana, sanakhale ndi makolo omvera, osakhala ozindikira pazowonera zamatsenga.

Little Salvador anakulira m'tawuni yaying'ono koma yodzikuza ya Spain ku Figueres yokhala ndi mbiri yayitali komanso cholinga chazinthu zodzipatula, monga dziko la Catalonia. (Kutsogololi, wojambulayo amatsata malingaliro openya ndi kudzizindikiritsa kosasunthika ngati Chikatalani).

Abambo a mnyamatayo anali wochita bwino m'deralo, koma amayi ake anali nzika ya likulu la Barcelona. Sanathe kuvomereza kumwalira kwa mwana wake woyamba chifukwa cha kudwala ali ndi zaka ziwiri - ndipo adaganizira kuti mwana wachiwiri, wobadwa miyezi 9 atamwalira, kukhala kubadwanso kwa woyamba kubadwa. Amutcha yemweyo - Salvador ("mpulumutsi" wa Chispanya). Nkhani zonsezi zokhudza mchimwene wake yemwe adamwalira, komanso maulendo opita kumanda ake pazaka zachikondi kwambiri, sizidawonjezere mtendere wamalingaliro kwa mwana wamwamuna wolemekeza kale.

Komabe, adawonongeka. Monga wopulumuka, adalandira ulemu wachifumu, ndipo zaluso za wojambula mtsogolo adazolowera ntchito yachifumu. Atalandira chovala chachiwonetsero ndi ndodo yachifumu ngati mphatso ali ndi zaka zisanu, Salvador adzaona chovalachi kukhala choyenera chifukwa cha udindo wake ndipo adzavala zovala zotere, ngakhale kukhala wokalamba waimvi.

Mwa achichepere inde molawirira
Pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mnyamatayo wasonyeza chidwi chojambula, ndipo kulolera kuvina kumasewera m'manja: samangolimbikitsidwa, koma adapereka chipinda chonse chogwirira ntchitoyi, ndikuyeretsa chipinda chotsukira m'nyumba yapamwamba. Apa amachita tsiku lonse kujambula oyandikana nawo ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi amapaka utoto woyamba wa mafuta mu mtundu wa Impressionist.

Zaka zinayi pambuyo pake, ntchito yake imawonetsedwa kale kwa anthu pazowonetsera ku Figueres, ndipo atatha ena atatu amakhala wophunzira ku Academy of Fine Arts ku Madrid. Pano, zomwe zimapanga maziko a kupambana kwa Dali mtsogolo zikuwonekera bwino: kuwonjezera pa zolinga zabwino komanso luso lodabwitsa, anali ndi kutsimikiza, kupirira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: "Sindinayende kunja mumisewu, sindinapiteko ku sinema, sindinacheze anzanga ku Residence. Ndidabweranso ndikutseka m'chipinda changa kuti ndipitirize kugwira ntchito ndekha, - Dali adakumbukira zopumira zake za ophunzira. "Lamlungu m'mawa, ndidapita ku Prado Museum ndikutenga zolemba zochokera m'masukulu osiyanasiyana ... Abambo anga, atadziwitsidwa ndi wotsogolera komanso wolemba ndakatulo a Markin (omwe adandisiyira pansi pa pulogilamu) kuti ndimawongolera moyo wa abusa, adadandaula. Kangapo konse anandilembera kalata, kundiuza kuti ndiziyenda pafupi, kupita kubwalo la zisangalalo, kupuma pantchito. Koma zonse zidapita pachabe ... Moyo wanga wamkati udakhutira nazo. Ndipo zosangalatsa zamtundu uliwonse zimandida. ”

Ngakhale amakonda ntchito, amapezabe nthawi kuti adziwe komanso kucheza ndi Federico Garcia Lorca ndi Luis Bunuel. Ubwenzi wachikondi udzamuphatikiza ndi woyamba, komanso kulumikizana molumikizana mu cinema ndi wachiwiri. Ngakhale adadzipereka kwathunthu kupenta, Dali akulephera kumaliza maphunziro awo. Mzimu wake wokonda ufulu anali pafupi mkati mwa mpanda, komwe kuthamangira kwa malingaliro opanga kunali kochepa. Anayamba mkangano ndi aphunzitsi osamalira zachipembedzo ndipo pamapeto pake adathamangitsidwa. M'malo mophunzira, wojambulayo adakonda kupita ku Paris, wodziwika chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chaulere, ndikupita kudziko la zaluso zapamwamba kwambiri, popeza adadziwana ndi wolemba ndakatulo wina dzina lake Andre Breton ndi Pablo Picasso.

Kuuluka m'maloto komanso zenizeni
Chaka cha 1929 chimakhala chidziwitso ku Dali: amakhala membala wa gulu la Surrealist ndipo amadziwana ndi Gala. Elena Dyakonova, mkazi wa wolemba ndakatulo Paul Eluard wa ku Russia, anali wamkulu zaka 10 poyerekeza ndi Dali ndipo adamukhudza atangomuwona. Kuyambira pomwe adapita ku Cadakes ndi mwamuna wake, sanagawanane ndi El Salvador. Ubwenzi wawo unayambitsa kusokonekera mu ubale wa ojambulawo ndi mlongo wake yemwe, yemwe sanavomereze mgwirizanowo, koma palibe aliyense ndipo palibe chomwe chingayime pakati pawo.

Awiriwa akukhala m'nyumba yaying'ono yausodzi ku Port Lligat, yomwe mtsogolomo imadzakula kukhala nyumba yodzaza ndi Dali. Gala amatenga ntchito za manejala wa zaluso, nanny, museum ndikumupatsanso mwayi wodzipereka mu ntchito. Kusunga kwake kubala zipatso: inali panthawiyi yomwe Dali adalemba zolemba zake, monga The Persistence of Memory (1931), The Great Masturbator (1929), kapena The Face of May West (1935). Amatha kukangana ndi ma surrealists - ngakhale kwa iwo malingaliro ndi oyipa aku Spaniard anali ochulukirapo. Koma sankafunanso kampani. Anali ndi gala.

Mu 1934, atatha chisudzulo cha Gala ndi Eluard, ukwati wawo udalembetsedwa mwalamulo (ndipo kutchalitchi - patapita nthawi yayitali - mu 1958). Nkhondo ikadzafika ku Europe, awiriwo mwachangu amachoka ku Dziko Lakale ndikupita ku New, komwe akakhala zaka eyiti. Ku US, Dali akukhala wotchuka m'malo onse: amalemba mabuku, amapanga zithunzi, amakhala ndi ziwonetsero, amacheza ndi nyenyezi zamawonekedwe, ndipo amakhala ngati nyenyezi yamwala.

Pa nthawi ina yomwe anali ndi nzeru kwambiri, anavutika kwambiri. A Dali amayenera kukamba nkhani pa osazindikira ku New Burlington Gallery, pomwe adawoneka mu spacesuit yokongoletsedwa ndi logo ya kampani ya Mercedes-Benz. Chovala chidakwaniritsidwa ndi ma greyhound omwe anali atatsamira mdzanja limodzi ndi chisonyezo cha billiard mbali inayo. Koma palibe amene adaganiza kuti popanda makina othandizira okosijeni amangojambula, ndipo zitayamba kuchitika, sizinali zophweka kumasula mutu wake ku chisoti. Adayenera kumugunda kumutu ndi nyundo, mawu ake omwe adamvekera kwa nthawi yayitali m'makutu a Dali. Koma omvera sanayikirepo zomwe zachitika mwadzidzidzi - m'malo mwake, omverawo adaganiza kuti panali zochitika zina zanzeru, ndipo adayamika njira yomasulira wophunzirayo pamsampha.

Anthony Cooper yemwe anali munthu wodabwitsika amakumbukira kuti: “Ku New York, Dali nthawi zonse anali wolandiridwa. A Frank Zappa, a John Lennon, a Iggy Pop, a Alice Cooper, Andy Warhol, a Jacqueline Kennedy akhoza kukhala m'chipinda chimodzi, koma a Salvador Dali atalowa, panali wonong'ona, "Ah, ndi Salvador Dali." Adadabwa chifukwa adakhala akuwoneka kuyambira m'ma 1920 ndipo adakhala wopenga kuposa wina aliyense. ”

Komabe, wojambulayo adadzipereka ndi mtima wonse kudziko lakwawo, ndipo, ngakhale anali wotchuka komanso mwayi wopanda ndalama ku America, adabwerera ku Spain ndikukhalabe komweko mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

Ndipo adakhala nthawi yayitali
Pakutha kwa zaka za 1960s, ubale wa Dali ndi Gala unatha wopanda chiyembekezo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi moyo wake: ali ndi zingwe za okonda achinyamata, pomwe wojambulawo sanamuwone, ali ndi chikondi chachikulu chamunthu mwa chitsanzo cha Amanda Lear. Pomaliza, Gala anaumiriza kuti agule nyumba ina, ndipo Salvador, machitidwe ake olemekezeka, adamupangira nyumba yachifumu yonse, yomwe adangololedwa kupita atangolemba kale.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, Dali anasiya kulemba. Ngakhale izi, zojambula zake zimagulitsidwa pamakampani, zomwe zimamupanga kukhala mmodzi wa ojambula omwe amalipidwa kwambiri panthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Ndipo mu 1982, alandila udindo wa Marquis kuchokera kwa King Juan Carlos.

M'chaka chomwecho, ali ndi zaka zolemekezeka kwambiri (osakwana zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi - chithunzi chenicheni chinali chobisidwa mosamala) Gala amwalira. Dali sanaliyinso mwana, ndipo adalimbana ndi matenda. Amasamukira ndikukakhala ku nyumba yachifumu ya Gala ndipo amafa mwachangu chifukwa chofuna wokondedwa wake. Ululuwu umawonjezeredwa kwa wojambulayo ndi moto womwe amalandirapo kutentha kwachisanu, koma ngakhale izi adatha kupulumuka.

Koma ukalamba ndi matenda zimabweretsa mavuto: Dali amakhala wokayikira komanso wosagwirizana. Adakhala zaka zomaliza ku Tower of Galatea ku Figueres, pafupi ndi Museum of Theatre yokhazikitsidwa ndi iye. Pamenepo amalemba ntchito zingapo zaposachedwa, koma munthu waimvi, wokhumudwa, wosasunthika nkomwe amakhala ngati wonyada, monga omvera ake adakumbukira. Mu 1989, mchaka cha 85 cha moyo wake, mtima wajambulayo udayima.

Pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri zimabwera kudzalemekeza Dali m'masiku awiri. Adadzipaka kuti adziwike pansi pa chipinda chodyeramo m'nyumba ina yosungiramo zinthu zakale kuti aziyendayenda mozungulira manda ake. Ndipo wojambulayo adasiya chuma chake chochulukirapo pafupifupi madola 10 miliyoni kupita kwa wokondedwa wake - Spain.

Teal Salvadori

Teal Salvadori kapena bakha wa Salvadori (Salvadorina waigiuensis) ndi gawo la anseriformes ndipo ndi wa banja la bakha.

Mtunduwu ndi wa a genotypic genu Salvadorina, omwe sakhala a subspecies. Kutengera magawo angapo a teal, teti ya Salvadori ndi gawo la mtundu wake ndipo imagwera munkhokwe za Tadorninae, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa abakha omwe amafanananso ndi kukhala m'mitsinje yamapiri. Mtundu wotchedwa Teal Salvadori walandila polemekeza katswiri wazachipembedzo wa ku Italy wazaka za m'ma 1800 Tommaso Salvadori. Tanthauzo la waigiuensis limachokera ku dzina la malo a Waigeo, lotanthauza chilumba pafupi ndi New Guinea.

Teal Salvadori kapena bakha wa Salvadori (Salvadorina waigiuensis)

Zizindikiro zakunja za teal Salvadori

Teal Salvadori ndi bakha wocheperako wokhala ndi thupi pafupifupi pafupifupi 342 magalamu.

Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya abakha mumutu wofiirira wamtundu wakuda ndi mulomo wachikasu. Ziwandazo zili ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga a bulauni yakuda ndi yoyera. Abakha ena aku Australia, ofanana ndi Teal Salvadori, ali ndi mutu wowala ndipo maula ndi ofiira. Miyendo ya Teal Salvadori ndi lalanje. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna ali ndi zofanana zofananira.

Kufalitsa Salvadori Kufalikira

Teal Salvadori ndi mtundu wopezeka kumapiri a New Guinea (Papua, Indonesia ndi Papua New Guinea). Mwina lilipo pachilumba cha Veijo ku Indonesia cha ku Indonesia, koma izi ndi lingaliro chabe, popeza teal ya Salvadori sinawonedwe m'malo awa.

Teal Salvadori ndi mtundu wopezeka kumapiri ku New Guinea

Teal Salvador Habitats

Teal Salvadori amapezeka pamalo otsika. Zimapezeka pamtunda wamamita 70 mu dziwe la Lakekamu, koma nthawi zambiri zimafalikira pachilumbachi paphiri lililonse. Abakha amakonda mitsinje ndi mitsinje yolimba, ngakhale imawonekanso kunyanja zazitali. Malo omwe Teal Salvadori amatha kuwapeza ndikuwabisa. Amakhala moyo wobisalira ndipo, mwina, wamadzulo.

Makhalidwe Othandizira pa Salvadori

Teal Salvadori amakonda kukhala m'mapiri.

Mbalame zimawonedwa pagombe pamtunda wa 1650 metres ku Foya (Western New Guinea). Amatha kudutsa m'nkhalango yowirira posaka malo abwino. Ngakhale mitunduyi imakhala malo abwino pamtunda wa 70 mpaka 100 metres, koma nthawi zambiri abakha awa amafalikira osachepera 600 metres ndi malo okwera.

Teal Salvadori khalani ndi moyo wachinsinsi

Kufalitsa Salaladori

Teal Salvadori sankhani malo okhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja zamchere. Nthawi zina, amakhala pamitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi chakudya chochuluka. Mtundu wa abakha sukusambira ndipo pali anthu amodzi kapena awiriawiri mbalame zazikulu. Madera achikumbutso ali ndi magulu osiyanasiyana olimilira, zomwe zimatengera nyengo yakomweko. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ziwiri zimangokhala malo a 1,600 metres m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Baiyer, ndipo pa Mtsinje wa Menga, gawo lalikulu mamita 160 ndilokwanira mbalame.

Abakha amtunduwu amakonda kukhazikika pamilandu yaying'ono, ndipo pamitsinje yayikulu imawonekera nthawi zambiri.

Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, mwina mu Januware. M'malo abwino, kupangira mabatani awiri pachaka ndizotheka. Chidacho chimakhala pamtunda kapena pafupi ndi gombe m'minda yambiri, nthawi zina pamiyala. Mu clutch kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 mazira. Akazi okha ndi omwe amakhala m'misamba pafupifupi 28. Kukhomera mwina kumachitika masiku osachepera 60. Mbalame zonse zazikulu zimayendetsa ana agalu, zazikazi zimasambira ndi anapiye omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwake.

Wachinyamata Thumba Salvadori

Kuchulukitsa

Pamene Walter Rothschild ndi Ernst Hartert adafotokoza koyamba Teal Salvadori mu 1894, adamuyika iye munthawi yomweyo wopanga mtundu wa monotypic Salvadorina. Ilibe subspecies. Poyamba, nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi bakha waku South America ndi bakha wabuluu wa ku New Zealand - mitundu iwiri ya zikhalidwe zachilengedwe zofanana - mu fuko lotchedwa Merganettini. Mu 1940s, Ernst Mayr adasunthira nyanjazo kukhala abakha. Anthrax genera kutengera zingapo anatomical mbali. Kenako anabwezeretsa mtundu wake ndipo anasamukira kumapiri a Tadorninae, omwe amakhalanso ndi bakha wowoneka bwino komanso bakha wabuluu, yemwe m'njira yosinthika adazolowera malo okhala. Onse kapena ena mwa mitunduyi atha kupulumuka pomwe ma radiation akale aku Gondwanan waterfowl (Sraml ndi ena 1996).

Bakha wamba ndi mayina amtundu, onse amakumbukira wazaka zam'mawa za m'ma 1800 Tommaso Salvadori. waigiuensis Dzinalo limatchula Waigeo (wotchedwanso Waigiu), chilumba pafupi ndi New Guinea.

Zosiyanasiyana komanso malo okhala

Teal Salvadori ndi mbadwa ku New Guinea, ngakhale kuti zonena za mtunduwu zimanenedwa pachilumba cha ku Indonesia cha Veijo, pamakhala kukayikira kwazomwe zimatsimikizika, popeza mtunduwo suupezeka pamenepo. Salvadori yemwe amakhala m'malo okwera kuyambira pamenepo, a teal Salvadori amakonda mitsinje ndi mitsinje othamanga, ngakhale nthawi zina imapezeka m'madziwe osayenda.

Kusamalira ndi kuwopseza

Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) lalemba kuti Teal Salvadori ndiwosatetezeka. Chiwerengero chonse padziko lapansi, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa 2,500 ndi 9,99 okhwima, akuganiziridwa kuti akucheperachepera pamlingo woyenera.Pamene kusaka, kuwononga malo okhala ndi agalu ndi zina mwa zomwe zikuwopseza, mtundu wamtunduwu, komanso kupikisana ndi nsomba zamasewera kumatha kubweretsanso mavuto.

• Beehler, Bruce M., Pratt, Thane K. & Zimmerman, Dale A. (1986): mbalame zamtundu watsopano. Prosteton University Press, New Jersey.
• Sraml, M., Christidis, L., Easteal, S., Horn, P. & Rim, C. (1996): Ubwenzi Wam'maselo Pakati pa An Australiya Waterfowl (Anseriformes). Australia Journal of Zoology44 (1): 47-58. (Chidule cha HTML)

Mkhalidwe Wosamalira Tchire la Salvador

Teal Salvadori amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wochepetsedwa ndi IUCN (IUCN). Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi pano chikuyerekezedwa kukhala akuluakulu pakati pa 2,500 ndi 20,000 ndipo akuyerekeza kuti chiwerengero cha mbalame zosowa chikucheperachepera, pomwe teal ya Salvadori imasinthidwa ndikukhala m'malo apadera kwambiri, motero chiwerengero chake chikhala chochepa.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchepetsa kwa Teal Salvador

Chiwerengero cha Teal Salvadori chikucheperachepera.

Kuchepa kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, makamaka chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa mitsinje, makamaka ntchito yomanga mitengo yamagetsi komanso kukonza migodi ndi migodi. Ngakhale izi zimawonekera m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kusaka agalu ndi kulosera kwa agalu, mpikisano wamasewera pakusodza umabweretsanso kuopsa kwa mitunduyi. Kubereka m'mitsinje yokhala ndi zotumphukira zotuluka mosiyanasiyana ndi chiopsezo cha teal yocheperako chifukwa cha mpikisano pachakudya.

Chiwerengero cha Teal Salvadori chikucheperachepera.

Njira Zosungitsira Teal Salvadori

Teal Salvadori ndi mtundu wotetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Papua New Guinea. Bakha wamtunduwu ndi chinthu chochita kafukufuku wapadera. Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira:

• Kuchita kafukufuku pa mitsinje m'malo omwe Mchere wa Salvadori umapezeka komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe anthropogenic zimakhudzira mbalame.
• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yakusaka pa kuchuluka kwa abakha osowa.
• Onaninso zotsatira zamadzimadzi opangira magetsi pamagetsi kumtsinje ndi kutsika, komanso zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodetsa nkhuni kuchokera kumigodi ndi ntchito zodula mitengo.
• Onani m'mitsinje ndi trout yambiri ndikuwona mphamvu ya nsomba izi pamitundu ya tiyi.
• Fufuzani zakusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe pamadzi ndi mitsinje.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.