Nsomba zodziwika bwino ngati tench ndizodziwika bwino kwa ambiri. Tenchi - mtundu wamtundu woterera, womwe suvuta kugwira m'manja mwanu, koma asodzi amasangalala kwambiri ndikamagwira mbedza zawo, chifukwa nyama ya tench sikudya kokha, komanso ndiyakudya kwambiri. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa mawonekedwe a tench, koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza za moyo wake. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa momwe nsomba zimakhalira ndi mawonekedwe komanso malingaliro, komanso kudziwa komwe amakonda kuti azikhalako komanso kuti azimva bwino.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Tench ndi mtundu wa nsomba zokhomedwa ndi ray za banja la cyprinid komanso dongosolo la cyprinid. Ndi m'modzi payekhapayekha wa mtundu womwewo (Tinca). Kuchokera ku dzina la banja la nsomba ndizodziwikiratu kuti carp ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa tench, ngakhale kuti simungathe kudziwa nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe, chifukwa palibe zofanana poyamba. Mamba ogwiritsa ntchito ma Microscopic, omwe amakhala ndi maolivi agolide komanso ma buluu wochititsa chidwi, kuphimba - izi ndi mbali zazikulu za mzerewu.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Pamzere womwe umachotsedwa pamadzi, ntchofu zimawuma mwachangu ndikuyamba kugwa, ndikuwoneka kuti nsomba zikutuluka, zikukhetsa khungu. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha ichi adatchedwa dzina.

Palinso lingaliro lina lokhudza dzina la nsomba zomwe zimadziwika machitidwe ake. Nsombazo sizobowola komanso sizigwira ntchito, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake limalumikizidwa ndi mawu oti "ulesi", omwe pambuyo pake adapeza mawu atsopano monga "tench".

Zina zambiri

Lin ndi yekhayo membala wa genus Tinca. Ndiwotentha kwambiri komanso wopanda ntchito. Tench imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri imamatirira pansi. Malo omwe amakhala ndi gombe. Tench si dzina chabe, ndi khalidwe, chifukwa nsomba iyi idatchedwa chifukwa chokhoza kusintha mtundu utayatsidwa ndi mpweya. Zimakhala ngati mukusungunuka, chinsalu chotchingira cha ntchofu chimayamba kuda, ndipo khungu limayamba kuwonekera. Pakapita kanthawi, nkhono izi zimatuluka, ndipo m'malo ano ndimaoneka zikaso zachikaso. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mdziko lapansi mulinso mitundu inayake yokongoletsedwa - tenchi yagolide.

Tench ndi nsomba yamadzi abwino, motero amapezeka m'madziwe, m'madziwe, m'malo osungira. Imatha kupezeka m'mitsinje, koma osowa. Lin amakonda kubisala m'tchire ndipo amakonda maiwe akuluakulu, chifukwa kumeneko ndi omasuka. Malo awa amakopeka kwambiri ndi tench ndi nkhokwe zawo za bango, matope ndi mabango. Amakonda malo okhala ndi maphunziro ofatsa. Imakhala bwino m'madzi ochepa a oxygen. Tench amatha kupulumuka ngakhale m'malo omwe nsomba zina zimafa nthawi yomweyo.

Ali ndi sikelo yolimba, yayitali komanso yayitali yomwe imakhazikika pakhungu ndiku kumasula ntchofu. Tchetcheyo ili ndi kamwa lowerengeka komanso locheperako, m'makona momwe muli tinyanga tatifupi. Maso ndi ang'ono, amakanika ndi iris. Zipsepse zonse zimazunguliridwa, ndipo pamakhala kupendekera kwapang'ono mu ndalama za caudal. Ilibe mtundu winawake, chifukwa zimatengera chosungira momwe nsomba zimakhalira. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi msana wakuda wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, ndipo mbali zake zimakhala zopepuka nthawi zina zachikaso. Zipsepse zimayera imvi, koma zoyambira ndi mapapo amkaka ndimakaso. Kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi ndikosavuta, chifukwa choyambirira chimakhala ndi waya wachiwiri waminyezi.

Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa munthu kumangokhala 600 g, koma nthawi zina kuyerekeza mpaka 50 cm, kolemera pafupifupi 2-3 kg, kumabwera. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 18.

Chakudya cha tenchchi chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, chimakhala ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, nyongolotsi, milungu, mbewu zam'madzi ndi zotayira.

Momwe mungasankhire

Kusankhidwa kwa tench kuyenera kufikiridwa ndi udindo wapadera, chifukwa moyo wanu umadalira izi. Malangizo oyambilira ndi kugula nsomba zatsopano. Tsopano ndizotheka, chifukwa nsombayi imagulitsidwa m'madzi am'madzi. Ngati mumagula pa kontrakitala, onaninso mayeso anu mosamala, chifukwa ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu choti mwatsopano. Kenako samulani, ndipo musatenge mawu aogulitsa. Nsomba zatsopano sizimanunkhira nsomba, kununkhira kwatsopano kumachokera. Maso a tench ayenera kukhala owoneka bwino. Kupatuka kulikonse ndi chizindikiro cha bwino. Kanikizani nsomba, fossa yotsala ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika chatsopano. Nyama ya nsomba yatsopano imakhala yofinya, yobwezeretsa mwachangu komanso yolimba. Ngati munagula 10, koma mutafika kunyumba ndikuyamba kudula, mupeza kuti mafupawo ali kuseri kwa nyamayo, kuibweza kapena kuiponya mumkhokwe, simuyenera kudya nsomba zotere.

Momwe mungasungire

Masiku atatu okha akhoza kusungidwa tench yatsopano. Komabe, musaiwale kuti m'matumbo, muzitsuka bwinobwino ndikupukuta. Pambuyo pake, mutha kukulunga mu pepala loyera, lomwe kale lidalowetsedwa ndi yankho lamphamvu lamchere. Kenako mutha kukulunga ndi nsalu yopukutira.

Nsomba yophika imatha kusungidwa mufiriji kwa nthawi yayitali, kutentha osaposa 5 ° C.

Kuwunika kwachikhalidwe

Ku Hungary, tench amatchedwa "nsomba ya gypsy", izi ndichifukwa choti sizimadziwika komweko.

Dziwani kuti katundu wochiritsa adaphatikizidwanso mzere. Munali mu Middle Ages ndipo nthawi imeneyo amakhulupirira kuti ngati nsomba iyi idadulidwa pakati ndikuyika chilonda, ndiye kuti ululu umatha, kutentha kumachepa. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti tench imathandizanso kuti mukhale jaundice. Amakhulupilira kuti ili ndi zotsatira zabwino osati pa anthu, komanso nsomba zina. Achibale omwe akudwala amangofunika kupukutira chakhumi ndipo chilichonse chidzadutsa.

Zothandiza komanso kuchiritsa katundu

Lin ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, omwe ali ndi ma amino acid ofunikira. Madokotala amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kudya chakhumi kwa anthu omwe amadandaula chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta yam'mimba, kapena mavuto ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ngati muzigwiritsa ntchito mwaphika ndi moto kapena nsomba yophika, zimathandizanso thupi lonse. Tenchi yambiri imakhudza ntchito ya mtima, ndiko kuti, imalepheretsa kuchitika kwa arrhythmias.

Pophika

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tench sioyenera kudya panthawi yopanda zipatso. Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamalawa ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Mtunduwu umakonda kukhala m'madzi otentha kapena osalala, motero nyamayo imanunkhira nkhungu ndi silika. Koma izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta ndikumayendetsa chingwe chotsalira m'madzi osungira, kapena kuwasunga m'madzi kwa maola 12.

Lin ndi yoyenera zovala zosiyanasiyana. Itha kuwiritsa, kuphika, kuphika, kuzikika, kudyetsa, kusindikizika, kuphika mu kirimu wowawasa kapena vinyo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amapanga nyama yabwino kwambiri yophika bwino.

Thumba lokonzekera bwino limafanana ndi kukoma kwa nyama ya nkhuku, ndipo khungu lake limafanana ndi khungu la mbalame.

Mtundu ndi kukula

Mtundu wa kumbuyo kwa tench ndi wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, nthawi zina wabiriwira wakuda. Mmbali zake ndi zobiriwira zomwe zimasinthira ku utoto wa azitona ndipo mawonekedwe ake amaphatikizika ndi golide wagolide, m'mimba imakhala imvi. Nsomba khumi - mwini wa zipsepse zakuda.

Khumi yomwe imakhala m'madziwe odzaza kapena odzala ndi matope pansi ili ndi mtundu wakuda. Nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi opanda mitsinje komanso mitsinje nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala, utoto wa azitona umapezeka ndikukhala m'malo okhala ndi dothi lamchenga pansi.

Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala mpaka 70 cm, ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kufika 7.5 kg, koma nthawi zambiri zitsanzo zazing'ono zolemera 2-3 kg zimapezeka.

Mitundu yotchuka

Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu khumi yamadzi yomwe imakhalamo.

• Mtsinje wa tench umasiyana ndi mzake womangidwa munyanjayo pomveka bwino. Pakamwa pake pakukweza pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
• Nyanjayi ikuluikulu ndi yayikulu kukula ndi thupi lamphamvu. Amakonda nyanja zazikulu, malo osungira amoyo.
• Pond tench ndiyochepera pang'ono kuposa nyanja yayikulu. Amamva bwino m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe zachilengedwe komanso mumadziwe opangidwa modabwitsa.
• Palinso mtundu wina wa nsomba womwe umakongoletsa, womwe umatchedwa kuti mzere wagolide, ndi chifukwa cha kusankha kwaumbidwe. Amasiyana ndi mzere wanthawi zonse mumtundu wagolide wa thupi, maso ake ali ndi khungu lakuda, kumbali zake pali malo amdima.

Kodi nsomba khumi zimakhala kuti?

Ku Russia, tench imapezeka kudera lonse la Europe komanso pang'ono pang'ono madera ake aku Asia. Nsomba ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake amakonda mabasiketi a Azov, Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas. Malo omwe amakhala amakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa Ural ndi Nyanja ya Baikal. Nthawi zina tench imapezeka ku Ob, Hangar ndi Yenisei. Ndizofala ku Europe, ku lat latchi ku Asia komwe kumatentha kwambiri.

Malo okondweretsa kwa moyo wa tench ndi dziwe losasunthika ndi madzi osasunthika m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Chifukwa chake, magombe, mabatani, zitsime, mayiwe, mayendedwe okhala ndi magetsi owongoka ndi malo abwino kwambiri osungira nsomba. Tench imapewa zitsime ndi madzi ozizira.

Pali nsomba khumi zomwe zimakhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi zitsamba zam'madzi monga mabango kapena mabango, pakati pama snags ndi algae, m'madziwe oyatsidwa ndi dzuwa ndi m'mitsinje, komwe pansi pake pali matope. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo okuya pafupi ndi masamba, malo okwera, pomwe pali mitengo yambiri yam'madzi.

Moyo wokhala pansi pamatope kapena pa silteni, pomwe amadzipezera yekha chakudya, umakhala wanthawi khumi. Izi nsomba zimakhala moyo wake wonse m'malo omwe amakonda, sizisamukira kulikonse. Amakhala ndi moyo wokha komanso woyezedwa m'madzi akuya.

M'nyengo yozizira, tench ili pansi pa chosungira, ikudziphimba ndi silika kapena matope. Pamenepo amagwera dzanzi mpaka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Nsomba zimadzuka m'mwezi wa Marichi, ndipo nthawi zambiri mu Epulo, dziwe likayamba kudzipatula ku ayezi. Nthawi imeneyi, tench imayamba kubowola kwambiri mpaka kuyamba.

Zomwe zimadya khumi

Maziko a tench zakudya ndi ma invertebrates ochepa omwe amakhala mu silt. Koma kwakukulu, zakudya zake zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri:

• zisonyezo
• ozungulira
• chimfine,
• ma cyclops
• otchera
• osoweka
• nsikidzi zamadzi
• Mphutsi za chinjoka, ntchentche za caddis,
• Leech
• nsikidzi zamadzi,
• osambira
• nsomba mwachangu,
• phytoplankton,
• odandaula,
• mphukira zamadzi amadzi
• nsomba zam'madzi.

Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, nsomba zachikulire zimaphatikizanso ndizomera zam'madzi mu chakudya chawo - mphukira za bango, sedge, cattery ndi algae. Nthawi zambiri, tench imachoka m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo. Pakutentha simakonda kuyamwa chakudya. Usiku, nsomba sizimadya, koma zimagona m'maenje m'munsi mwa posungira.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Kutulutsa kwakhumi kumayamba pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi pomwe madzi amayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri 17-20. Nsomba zimafika paunyamata osapitirira zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Mizereyi idawonekera kwa miyezi iwiri, mpaka mwezi wa Julayi, ikusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Zikazi zimamera m'magawo atatu, mosalekeza. Izi zimachitika m'mbali mwa gombe losungiramo, momwe muli madzi opanda mphamvu, koma abwino, pakuya mita 1. Caviar yomwe yachedwetsedwa imalumikizidwa ndi ma rhizomes apansi pamadzi ndi zimayambira za mbewu.

Nsomba ndizachonde kwambiri, zazikazi, kutengera zaka, misikiti kuyambira mazira 50 mpaka 600 miliyoni. Mzerewu umakhala ndi caviar yaying'ono yokhala ndi mtundu wa greenish. Pambuyo umuna, nthawi ya makulidwe sikhala nthawi yayitali, ngati madzi mu nyanjayo adawotha mpaka kutentha mpaka madigiri 20, mphutsi zamkati zayamba kale patsiku lachitatu kapena lachinayi.

Ziphuphu zam'maso zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, kudya kuchokera ku yolk sac. Zowoneka mwachangu zimasungidwa zazing'ono, zimayamba kuyamwa algae ndi zooplankton, ndikusintha kuti zizidyetsa ma invertebrates pansi. Fry tench samakula msanga, akufika masentimita 3-4 pofika chaka.Pofika zaka ziwiri, amachulukitsa kukula kwawo ndipo pofika zaka 5 zokha amakula mpaka 20 cm.

Adani owopsa

Mbali yapadera ya tench, yomwe thupi limakutidwa ndi ntchofu wosalala, imawupulumutsa ku nsomba zowopsa ndi adani ena wamba a nsomba zamchere. Mucus, fungo lake, mwachiwonekere amawatetezera asodzi a nsomba zamtendere, motero tench amatetezedwa ndipo samakhala chiphokoso cha olusa osiyanasiyana.

Koma caviar mzere umawonongedwa mopanda chisoni. Popeza tench sateteza mazira ake pamtunda wobowola, nsomba zingapo ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi zimadya kwambiri.

Choopsa chachikulu kwa tench ndi asodzi akutsogolera nsomba. Mafani a nsomba zovuta chonchi amatsegula nyengo kumayambiriro kwa masika, kubwerera mu Epulo kapena Meyi, nthawi yamtundu isanayambe. Kenako amayamba kugwira nsomba ili kugwa - kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala.

Kanema: Lin

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, tench siyogawika mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma pali mitundu ingapo yomwe anthu adawabzala mwangozi, awa ndiye mzere wagolide ndi Kwolsdorf. Choyamba ndi chokongola komanso chofanana ndi nsomba ya golide, motero nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'malo osungirako zokongoletsera. Lachiwiri ndilofanana ndi mzere wofananira, koma limakula mwachangu kwambiri komanso limakhwima (nsomba imodzi ya kilogalamu imodzi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yofanana).

Ponena za mzere wamba womwe umapangidwa ndi chilengedwe chomwechi, umathanso kufikika modabwitsa, mpaka kutalika mpaka 70 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 7.5 kg. Zonamizira zotere sizachilendo, chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 20 mpaka 40. M'dziko lathu, asodzi nthawi zambiri amagwira mzere wolemera mpaka magalamu 150 mpaka 700.

Ena amagawa mzere wofanana ndi malo osungirako komwe amakhala.

• mzere wam'madzi, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi waukulu komanso wamphamvu kwambiri, umakonda nyanja zazikulu ndi malo osungira,
• mzere wamtsinje, womwe ndi wosiyana ndi woyamba mu ting'onoting'ono, pakamwa pa nsomba timakweza m'mwamba, timakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje,
• mzere wa dziwe, womwe ulinso wocheperako kuposa mzere wam'madzi ndipo umakhala mozama bwino ngati matupi a madzi ndi ma dziwe,
• kamtunda kakang'ono, kokhazikika m'malo osungirako, chifukwa momwe mulitali mwake simapitilira masentimita khumi ndi awiri, koma ndizofala kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Kapangidwe ka tenchi ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri, thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso loponderezedwa pambuyo pake. Khungu la tench ndilopakika kwambiri ndipo limakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kotero kuti limakhala ngati khungu lakunyumba. Mtundu wa khungu umawoneka wonyezimira kapena maolivi, koma kumverera kumeneku kumapangidwa chifukwa cha dongo la ntchofu. Ngati muyeretsa, mutha kuwona kuti kamvekedwe ka chikaso chamitundu yosiyanasiyana kamapezekanso. Kutengera ndi komwe kumakhalako, mtundu wa tench ungasiyane pang'ono ndi chikasu chikasu ndi zina zobiriwira mpaka pafupi zakuda. Pomwe pansi pamakhala mchenga komanso mtundu wa nsombazo zimafanana, ndiwowoneka bwino, ndipo m'matupi am'madzi momwe mumakhala silt kwambiri komanso peat, tench imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, zonsezi zimamuthandiza kuti adzibisa.

Tench ndi yoterera pa chifukwa, ntchofu wake ndiye chitetezo chake chachilengedwe, chomwe chimapulumutsa kwa adani omwe sakonda nsomba zowoneka bwino. Kupezeka kwa ntchofu kumathandizira kuti mzere uzitha kuteteza mpweya kuti usafe ndi kutentha nthawi yachilimwe, madziwo akatentheza kwambiri komanso mpweya wabwino mkati mwake umakhala wosakwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchofu imakhala ndi machiritso, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zochita za maantibayotiki, motero mizere sikadwala.

Chosangalatsa: Zikuwoneka kuti mitundu ina ya nsomba imasambira kupita kumizere, monga kwa madokotala ngati akudwala. Abwera pafupi ndi mzere ndikuyamba kupukutira kumbali zake zoterera. Mwachitsanzo, ma pikala odwalawa amachita izi, panthawi ngati izi saganiza zokhazokha ndi chakudya.

Madzi a nsomba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofupikika, amawoneka akuda kwambiri ndipo mtundu wawo ndi wakuda kwambiri kuposa kamvekedwe ka mzere wonse, mwa anthu ena ali pafupifupi akuda. Palibe chikumbutso pa ndalama yapa, kotero ndiyowongoka. Mutu wa nsomba sukusiyanasiyana kukula kwake kwakukulu. Lin ikhoza kutchedwa kuti -pakhungu-milomo, pakamwa pake ndi lopepuka kuposa mtundu wa sikelo zonse.Mano a nsomba a Pharyngeal amakonzedwa mosanjikana ndipo amakhala ndi malekezero. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timangogwirizanitsa osati kukhazikika kwake, komanso maubanja omwe ali ndi mtembo. Maso a tench ali ndi maonekedwe ofiira, ndi ochepa komanso owoneka bwino. Amuna amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zazikazi, monga ali ndi zipsepse zokulirapo komanso zokulirapo. Amuna ambiri ndi ochepa kuposa akazi, chifukwa kukula pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi tenchi imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Tench m'madzi

Pa gawo la dziko lathu, tench yalembedwa gawo lake lonse la Europe, pang'ono pang'ono idalowa m'malo aku Asia.

Iye ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake amakonda zigawo za nyanja zotsatirazi:

Dera lake limakhala malo kuchokera kumadzi a Urals kupita ku Lake Baikal. Nthawi zambiri, tench imapezeka m'mitsinje monga Angara, Yenisei ndi Ob. Nsomba zimakhala ku Europe komanso ku Asia komwe kumakhala kotentha. Choyamba, tench imakonda makina amadzi oyimirira m'magawo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha.

M'malo oterowo amakhala mokhalitsa:

• ma bays
• posungira
• maiwe
• nyanja
• amadzaza ndi njira yofooka.

Lin amayesa kupewa malo amadzi ndi madzi ozizira komanso mafunde othamanga, chifukwa chake simungathe kukumana naye mumitsinje yamkuntho yamapiri. Mwaulere komanso mwaulere, mzere womwe mabango ndi mabango amakulira, mabowo amaterera pansi pamatope, malo ambiri abata otenthetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kokutidwa ndi tchire tambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimapita mozama, kukhala pafupi ndi mabombe.

Matope ochulukirapo tenchi ndi amodzi mwa abwino kwambiri, chifukwa mmenemu amapeza ndalama. Izi mustachioed amamuwona kukhazikika, akukhala moyo wake wonse m'chigawo chomwe amakonda. Lin amakonda kukhala kosangalatsa komanso kopanda chonde m'malo ozizira.

Chosangalatsa: Kuperewera kwa oxygen, madzi amchere komanso kuchuluka kwa acidity sikowopsa kwa tenchi, chifukwa chake, imatha kusintha matupi amadzi ndikukhala m'madziwe amadzi osefukira, momwe madzi amchere amapezeka.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba khumi zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone momwe ingadyeredwere.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Golden tench

Lin, mosiyana ndi abale ake a carp, amadziwika mochedwa, mochedwa, komanso momasuka. Lin ndiwosamala kwambiri, wamanyazi, motero zimakhala zovuta kumugwira. Kutsatira mbedza, zonse zikusintha: amayamba kuchita ziwonetsero, luso, kuponya mphamvu zake zonse kukana ndipo atha kusiya mosavuta (makamaka cholemetsa). Izi ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mukafuna kukhala ndi moyo, simumangokhala otanganidwa.

Tcheki, ngati mole, imayang'ana kuwala kowala, sakonda kutuluka, ikadzisungira yokha, m'nkhokwe zamadzi mu kuya. Anthu okhwima amakonda kukhala okha, koma nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa pamagulu oyambira nsomba 5 mpaka 15. Amapezanso chakudya chakhumi.

Chidwi Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kuti tench ndiyowoneka bwino komanso yopanda ntchito, imapanga zosunthira zakudya pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kusuntha kuchokera pagombe mpaka pakuya, kenako ndikubwerera kugombe. Pakuwonongeka, amatha kuyang'ananso malo atsopano owonongera.

Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mizere imayamba kugwera ndipo imagwera pansi pomwepo, zomwe zimatha ndikubwera kwa masiku a masika, pomwe mzere wamadzi umayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri anayi wokhala ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Wadzuka, mizereyo imathamangira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndikukula kwambiri ndi zomera zam'madzi, zomwe amayamba kuzilimbitsa atatha kudya nthawi yayitali yozizira. Zikuwoneka kuti pakuwotcha kwambiri nsomba imakhala yowopsa ndikuyesera kukhala pafupi pansi, pomwe imazizira. Pamene nthawi yophukira iyandikira ndipo madzi ayamba kuzizira pang'ono, tench imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Gulu la Lines

Monga taonera kale, mizere ya anthu achikulire, imakonda kukhala yokhayokha m'malo ozama. Ndi achinyamata osazindikira okha omwe amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Musaiwale kuti tench ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake imangofalikira kumapeto kwa Meyi. Madziwo akatenthedwa kale (kuyambira 17 mpaka 20 madigiri). Mizere yokhwima pakugonana imakhala pafupi ndi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zikalemera zikayamba kulemera kuchokera ku 200 mpaka 400 magalamu.

Pakuchepa kwawo, nsomba zimasankha malo osaya omwe ali ndi mitundu yonse yazomera ndipo pang'ono kuwombedwa ndi mphepo. Njira zowaza zimadutsa m'magawo angapo, magawo pakati omwe amatha mpaka milungu iwiri. Mazira amawayika osaya, nthawi zambiri akuya mita, akumatirira nthambi zamitengo zomwe zimatsitsidwa m'madzi ndi mbewu zam'madzi zingapo.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mizereyo ndi yachonde kwambiri, mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka mazira 20 mpaka 600, nthawi yakukhazikika yomwe imasiyana maola 70 mpaka 75 okha.

Mazira a tench si akulu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira. Fryasi yemwe adabadwa, pafupifupi 3 mm kutalika, samachoka komwe adabadwira masiku ena angapo, amalimbikitsidwa ndi michere yomwe yatsala mu yolk sac. Kenako amayamba ulendo wodziyimira pawokha, kulumikizana pagululo. Zakudya zawo poyambirira zimakhala ndi zooplankton ndi algae, kenako ma invertebrates apansi amawonekera.

Nsomba zazing'ono zimamera pang'onopang'ono, pofika chaka chimodzi kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3-4. Pambuyo chaka china, zimawonjezeka kawiri ndipo pazaka zisanu zokha kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita makumi awiri. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti kukulitsa ndi kukula kwa mzerewu kumapitilizabe kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo amakhala ndi zaka 12 mpaka 16.

Adani achilengedwe a mzere

Modabwitsa, nsomba zamtendere komanso zamanyazi ngati tench zilibe adani ambiri kuthengo. Nsomba imeneyi imakhala ndi buluzi mosiyanasiyana ndi thupi. Asodzi ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya nsomba, zomwe zimakonda kudya nsomba, zimaleka mphuno zawo, zomwe sizimawonjezera chidwi chawo chifukwa cha ntchentche yosasangalatsa, yomwe imakhalanso ndi fungo lake lenileni.

Nthawi zambiri, ochulukirapo, achichepere komanso osadziwa zambiri amavutika. Tench sitchinjiriza masonry ake, ndipo mwachangu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa chake, tinsomba tating'onoting'ono ndi mazira mosangalala amadya nsomba zingapo (pike, nsomba), ndi nyama (otters, muskrats), mafoni am'madzi sakusamala kudya nawo. Mavuto achilengedwe amakhalanso chifukwa chomwe amafa ambiri mazira, madzi osefukira akamatha ndipo madziwo amatsika kwambiri, ndiye kuti caviar, yemwe ali m'madzi osaya, amangowuma.

Munthu amathanso kutchedwa mdani wa tench, makamaka amene amayendetsa bwino ndodo yosodza. Nthawi zambiri nsomba 10 zimayamba isanayambe. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya nyambo zachinyengo ndi nyambo, chifukwa tench imasamala kwambiri zatsopano zonse. Coned tench ili ndi maubwino angapo: Choyamba, ndichopatsa thupi, chachiwiri, nyama yake ndi yokoma kwambiri komanso yodyetsa, ndipo chachitatu, palibe chifukwa choyeretsa mamba, ndiye kuti sipatenga nthawi yayitali kuti musokoneze nayo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Mukulirapo kwa Europe, malo okhala khumi amakhala ochulukirapo. Ngati tizingolankhula za kuchuluka kwa mzere wonse, titha kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwake sikuopseze, koma pali zifukwa zingapo zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza molakwika. Choyamba, ndikuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa nkhokwezi komwe amasungako tench. Izi ndi chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma zachuma za anthu.

Imfa yakuchepa kwa tench imawonedwa nthawi yozizira, pakakhala dontho lakuthwa lamadzi m'malo osungira, zomwe zimatsogolera kuti nthawi yozizira nsomba ikungoziziritsa mu ayezi, samakhala ndi malo oti nthawi zambiri azikumba ndi silt ndi nthawi yozizira. Pa gawo la dziko lathu, zakuba zikukula kupitilira Urals, chifukwa chake anthu khumi otere atsika kwambiri.

Zochita zonsezi za anthu zidabweretsa kuti madera ena, athu komanso akunja, tench idayamba kutha ndikuchititsa nkhawa mabungwe azachilengedwe, chifukwa chake adalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a malowa. Apanso, ndikofunikira kufotokoza kuti izi zachitika kokha m'malo ena, ndipo osati kulikonse, kwenikweni, tenchi imabalalitsidwa kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero chake chili pamlingo woyenera, popanda kuyambitsa mantha aliwonse, omwe sangathe koma kusangalala. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zipitilira mtsogolo.

Alonda Omwe

Chithunzi: Lin kuchokera ku Red Book

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa mizere kumadera ena kunachepetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, chifukwa chake ndinayenera kuwonjezera nsomba yosangalatsayi ku Red Book yamagawo amodzi. Tench adalembedwa mu Red Book of Moscow ngati mtundu wosatetezeka m'gawo lino. Zomwe zikulepheretsa pano ndikuthamangitsidwa kwamadzi akuda mu Mtsinje wa Moscow, kuwonetsera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo osambira ambiri oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amasokoneza nsomba zamanyazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa rotan kudya lingua caviar ndi mwachangu.

Kummawa kwa Siberia, tench imawonedwanso ngati madzi osowa, makamaka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baikal. Kukula kwa kupha anthu kunabweretsa izi, choncho tench ili mu Red Book of Buryatia. Lin limadziwika kuti ndi losowa kwambiri m'dera la Yaroslavl chifukwa chosowa malo obisika okhala ndi masamba am'madzi, momwe amatha kutumphuka modekha. Zotsatira zake, adalembedwa mu Red Book la dera la Yaroslavl. Kudera la Irkutsk, tench yalembedwanso m'Buku Lofiyira la dera la Irkutsk. Kuphatikiza pa dziko lathu, tench yatetezedwa ku Germany, monga pamenepo nambala yake ndiyochepa kwambiri.

Kusunga nsomba zamtunduwu, njira zotsatirazi zosungidwa zikulimbikitsidwa:

• kuyang'anira nthawi zonse anthu odziwika,
• kuwunika malo osaka nthawi yozizira komanso malo owuma,
• kuteteza zachilengedwe m'magombe,
• kuyeretsa zinyalala ndi kuwononga malo m'mafakitale ndi malo ozizira nthawi yachisanu,
• zoletsa kusodza panthawi yophukira,
• Chilango chokhwima cha kuba.

Mapeto ake, ndikufuna kuwonjezera chachilendo kwa ntchofu ndi kukula kwa masikelo khumi, idawululika kwa ambiri ochokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa machitidwe ake ndi machitidwe ake, omwe adakhala amtendere, osakhazikika komanso osasamala, adawunikiridwa. Maonekedwe a tench wokongola sangasokonezeke ndi ena, chifukwa Ndizoyambira komanso zoyambirira kwambiri.