Ndiwokhawo woyimira ma characinids omwe adalowa North America, pomwe amagawidwa ku Mexico konse ku Texas. Maonekedwe a thupi amafanana ndi roach. Mulingowo ndi wokulirapo, wonyezimira, siliva wokhala ndi mtundu waiwisi. Zipseba za Caudal, anal komanso za ventral zimafiyira owoneka ofiira, oyera komanso oyera. Pakati pa thupi, kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira, pamadutsa chingwe chobiriwira ndikuphatikizira kumbuyo kwake, komwe kumunsi kwa mchira kumakhala malo akuda, omwe amawoneka ngati mpanda wolimba.

Akazi akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 10 cm, amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo thupi lawo limakhala lochepera. Mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana. Tetragonopterus - nsomba zimachita zambiri, zimagwirizana ndi nsomba zina, makamaka ngati zimakula nawo. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi 18-20 ° C; nthawi yowuma, kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa kufika pa 22 ° C. Amakonda malo otchedwa aquarium, omwe mbali yake iyenera kubzalidwe kwambiri ndi mbeu. Gwirani magulu a tetogoopterus, omwe amakhala akuyenda. Pochita mantha pang'ono, gulu lonse libisalira m'nkhalangozi. Chakudya chimakhala ndi moyo, makamaka daphnia, kachilombo ka magazi kamene kamasiyidwa ndikokwanira, bola ngati kumagwera pansi, sikumayamwa kudya chakudya kuchokera pansi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kupatsa kachilombo ka magazi mumtsempha wamagazi woyenda, pomwe pang'onopang'ono umalowa m'madzi ndikuyamba kudya pang'onopang'ono. Ngati pali chomera chambiri mu aquarium ndipo chikuwoneka bwino, ndiye kuti tetragonopterus sifunikira madzi ochulukirapo.

Pobereketsa tetragonopterus kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, muyenera kukonzekera malo ocheperako okhala ndi nkhokwe imodzi kapena iwiri yokhala ndi mchenga wopanda mitsinje ndi madzi abwino, okhala. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi aquarium yamtunda wamtali, 25-30 masentimita. Kusiya pakati paulere, m'mphepete muyenera kubzala ndi zochepa mitengo, ndikuphimba pansi ndi nitella. Zonse zikakonzedwa, mkazi wokhala ndi amuna awiri, yemwe m'mbuyomu adakhala masiku angapo wopanda wamkazi, amayamba kulowa nawo m'madzimo. Poyamba, njirayi imayendetsa amuna kuti achoke kwa iye, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale kumapeto kwanyanjayi. Izi zitha kukhala tsiku, ndipo nthawi zina zambiri, pamene zinthu zolereka zimakhwima. Kenako, nthawi zambiri m'mawa, amphongo amayamba kuthamangitsa wamkazi, kumamuyendetsa mumtunda wamtchire, pomwe caviar ndi mkaka zimasesedwa. Caviar ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yambiri imabalalika mbali zonse, kumamatira kuzomera ndikufalikira pansi. Masewerawa amabwerezedwa kangapo. Nthawi iliyonse mutabzala, zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimakonda kudya caviar, koma zilipo zochuluka kwambiri kuti, ngakhale izi, pali mazira mazana angapo.

Pakakhala maaka angapo, amuna ndi akazi onse amachotsedwa, ndikuwadzala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti mkazi azipuma.

Pambuyo pa masiku awiri ndi atatu, mwachangu tinsalu timawoneka kuchokera ku mazira, omwe amangamira pazomera ndi magalasi. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kupatsa ochepa ciliates kapena kukhala "fumbi" ndikumapukuta madzi kwambiri. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, mwachangu ayamba kale kusambira pagululo, kukhala m'malo opeza zakudya ndikudya kwambiri. Amakula mwachangu, pa ma cycops a 8-10th amadya kale bwino. Amakwanitsa chaka chotsatira.

Pambuyo masiku 10-15, mutha kubwereza kuwaza ndi mkazi yemweyo, koma akhale bwino kuposa abambo ena. Mu zinyalala zachiwiri, pamakhala zochepa caviar.

Thupi la tetragonopterus limakhala lalitali, pambuyo pake limakanikizidwa. Nsagwada ya m'munsi ndiyabwino kwambiri, imatsogola kupita kutsogolo. Kwenikweni, mtundu wa nsomba'zi ndi siliva, wowoneka bwino m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mzere wakuda umachokera pakati pa thupilo pafupi ndi tsinde la caudal, pomwe pansi pa malisitiwo pamadutsa mzere wopingasa, ndikupanga malo owoneka ngati diamondi. M zipsepse zamtchire sizikongoletsedwa, zina ndizamalalanje kapena ofiira owala. Fomu ya albino yokhala ndi mtundu wagolide ndi maso ofiira imapezeka m'madzimo. Kuphatikiza apo, muukapolo, nsomba zophimba mawonekedwe Akazi ndi akulu komanso otakataka kuposa amuna, mitundu ya zipsepse zakuwala ndi yowoneka bwino.

Tetragonopterus ndimtendere, nsomba zamtoto zomwe zimakhala pakati ndi pamtunda wamadzi. Ndikwabwino kusunga paketi ya anthu 5-10 m'madzi am'madzi amtundu wa malita 50 kapena kupitilira. Posungirako, ndikofunikira kupanga nkhokwe zamitengo yopanda malo osambira. Oyandikana nawo am'madzi ambiri atha kukhala mtundu wina kapena nsomba zazikulu zamtendere. Zili ndiukali kuzinyama zazing'ono, ndipo sizikhala opanda chidwi ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mawonekedwe aphimbidwe. Tetragonopterus undemanding to water ubora ndipo angalimbikitsidwe kwa oyamba oyenda pansi oyenda pansi.

Ma aquarium akuyenera kukhala ndi kusefa bwino komanso kusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse. Omnivores, idyani chakudya chamoyo chilichonse komanso chosafunikira. Nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kudyetsa tetragonopterus ndi zakudya zam'mera, apo ayi amadya mphukira zazing'ono zamadzi am'madzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zomera za waterfowl, mwachitsanzo, nsomba izi zimakondwera ndikusangalala ndi mizu ya duckweed ndi pistachia. Monga zowonjezera zamasamba, mungagwiritse ntchito: kabichi yophika ndi mbatata, letesi yophika, masamba a dandelion achinyamata.

Kubereka kungatheke kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Asanakhazikike, mkazi wokhwima amadulidwa ndipo amapatsidwa chakudya chochuluka kwa masabata awiri. Kuyambitsa kuwaza ndi kuchuluka kwa azibambo kapena awiriawiri. Mizere yazomera zazing'onoting'ono kapena ulusi wopangidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi.

Magawo a madzi oyenera: pH 6.5 - 7.8, gH 6 - 15 °, kutentha 26 - 28 ° С. Akaziwo amaponyera mazira 1,500. Mukamaliza kumera, opanga amayamba kudya caviar, chifukwa ayenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Caviar amakula mkati mwa masiku awiri. Pambuyo masiku 5, ana amayamba kudyetsedwa ndi infusoria, artemia nauplii, ozungulira.

Mawonekedwe

Poyerekeza ndi ma tetras ena, tetragonopterus ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yotalika masentimita 5-6, yotalika masentimita 8-10. Thupi lake limakhala lokhazikika, lolimba kwambiri komanso lokwera. Pakamwa pamakhala zazikulu, ndipo nsagwada yaying'ono. Thupi la nsomba limatetezedwa ndi masikelo akulu siliva, mchirawo ndi zipsepse zimakhala zofiira. Gawo la mchira limakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wakuda wopangidwa ndi diamondi. Kuchokera pakati pa thupi mpaka kumutu wa nsomba, chingwe chobiliwira chofowoka chimadutsa.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yamitundu iyi ya nsomba sikukudziwika. Amuna ndi ochepa komanso owala kuposa zazikazi, nthawi zina zipsepse zake zimakhala zachikasu. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna, amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi gawo lozungulira.

Buku. Mwa alubino a tetogoopterus amapezeka ndi mamba agolide ndi maso ofiira, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zophimba. Ma Albino amafunsa kwambiri ngati ali mndende.

Kusankhidwa ndi kapangidwe ka aquarium

Tetragonopterus amakhala m'magulu. Kwa banja la nsomba 8-10, Aquarium okwanira malita 80 ndioyenera. Thumba lodziwika bwino la tetra ndi jumper yabwino, chifukwa Aquarium iyenera kuphimbidwa bwino ndi chivindikiro.

Monga dothi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wamtsinje, wowotchera ndi madzi otentha. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba olimba, okhathamira, zazitali zofika pamwamba pa madzi zimabzalidwa pansi. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa izi Hornwort, pinnatifolia, painbitis ndi microzoriums. Zomera siziyenera kusokoneza gulu laulere, lomwe limakonda kuthera nthawi yayitali pakatikati pamadzi.

Rhomboid tetra ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabzala mbewu zam'madzi zilizonse, kupatula Anubias ndi Javanese moss. Ndiye chifukwa chake m'matanthwe okhala ndi tetra roach, amagwiritsa ntchito masamba okhala ndi masamba olimba kapena "amadyera" opangira.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

• kutentha kwambiri ndi 20-25 ° C, kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka 16 ° C ndikololedwa,
• acidity - kuyambira 6,5 ​​mpaka 8,
• kuuma - kuchokera 7 mpaka 20 mayunitsi.

Masana masana ndi maola 10. Ndi kuyatsa kwakukuru ndi chakudya chambiri chambiri, kuwonjezeredwa kwa madzi sikofunikira. Kuti mumange kuwala kowala kwambiri, mutha kuyika mbewu zoyandama mu aquarium.

Tetragonopterus sakonda kutola zotsalira za chakudya kuchokera pansi, chifukwa chake aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi fyuluta yamphamvu. Sinthani madzi mu aquarium nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku, koma m'malo ochepa. M'malo abwinobwino ndimadzi 25% pamlungu. Madzi osintha azikhala oyera komanso osamalika.

Yang'anani! Tetragonopterus albinos okhala ndi miyeso ya golide ndi maso ofiira amamvera kwambiri kuperewera kwa oxygen. Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, amafunika madzi otentha (23-26 ° C) ndi kupezekanso kolimba.

Kudyetsa

Tetragonopterus amadziona kukhala wopanda chakudya. Imagwira zakudya zilizonse, zowuma, zokhala ndi moyo kapena zophatikiza, koma koposa zonse zimakonda daphnia. Ndikamadya pafupipafupi ndi zakudya zam'madzi ndi zokuthira, mtundu wa patra kuzowala ndikuwonjezereka. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zimagwira chikumbutso cha magazi pomwe chimamira mpaka pansi. Zotsalira za chakudya zimakwezedwa kuchokera pansi, motero ndibwino kuyika ma nyansi am'madzi mu chosungiramo, chomwe chimalowa m'madzi ndi kudya pang'onopang'ono.

Maziko a chakudya cha tetragonopterus amatha kukhala phala. Kuchepetsa chilakolako cha nsomba chodya nyama zamadzimadzi, spirulina, chosakanizidwa ndi letesi lamadzi otentha kapena kabichi, mbatata yophika, masamba a dandelion amasakanikirana ndi ma flakes. Zakudya zouma zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisinthana.

Maonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndikugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Tetragonopterus ndi nsomba yogwira, yolimba. Amawasungitsa ziweto, nthawi zonse amayenda. Pangozi zochepa, gulu lonse limabisala m'nkhalango za zomera za m'madzi.

Mbidzi ya rhomboid imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chosasangalatsa - sichingasokoneze kuluma pang'onopang'ono mbali zawo, komanso kumatula michira ndi zipsepse. Mapaketi aukali (kuchokera kwa anthu 6 kapena kupitilira apo), komanso kudyetsa kwawo pafupipafupi (kangapo patsiku) kudzathandiza kuzimitsa mkwiyo.

Osati oyandikana nawo abwino a chembwe cha rhomboid sangakhale nsomba zazing'ono, komanso nsomba zosakwiya zomwe zili ndi ziphuphu zazitali. Tetragonopterus imasungidwa bwino ndi tetra yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso yamphamvu: ana, Congo, minga, erythrosonuses.

Kukonzekera kuswana

Nthawi yabwino yochita kuwaza imayesedwa kuti ndi kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Masiku angapo asanatulutse, zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana osungirako zinyama ndi kusinthidwa kuti zizikhala chakudya. Pakutulutsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba ziwiri, chachimuna chokhala ndi amuna awiri kapena gulu laling'ono la akazi ndi abambo.

Kudulira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono - yaying'ono yaying'ono yokhala ndi malita 10-20. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito dambo lamtali lotalika ndi 25-30 cm.

Mchenga wouchira utatulutsidwa umathiridwa m'malo osaneneka, ndipo madzi abwino, amakhazikika. Pakatikati pa aquarium timasiyidwa mwaulere, ndipo mbewu zam'madzi zimabzalidwa kumapeto. Pansi limakutidwa ndi nitella kapena mauna abwino. Pangani kayendedwe kofatsa ndi kusefera. Madziwo amakhala ndi asidi pang'ono ndipo amatenthetsera mpaka 26-27 ° C. Zomera zikakhala kuti zakonzeka, opanga zam'tsogolo amaziika mmenemo.

Kufalikira

Kutulutsa kumayambira m'mawa. Amuna amayamba kufunafuna chachikazi mwamphamvu, pambuyo pake amamuyendetsa kuthengo. Apa, mkaziyo amaponyera mazira, ndipo anyaniwo amuthira manyowa. Masewera okopa ndi kufunafuna achikazi amabwerezedwa kangapo.

Mazira a tetragonopterus ndi ochepa kwambiri, amawuluka mozungulira pamadzi ndikukhazikika pamasamba a nitella ndi masamba. Opanga amasangalala ndi caviar, kotero atangomaliza kufalikira amabwezera m'madzi wamba.

Kusamalira Ana

Patatha maola 24-36 kutuluka, mphutsi zimaswa kuchokera ku mazira, ndipo patatha masiku ena anayi zimayamba kusuntha, kusambira ndikugawana magulu.

Dyetsani ana pang'ono ndi ma ciliates kapena fumbi lamoyo. Patsiku la 8-10, ana amatha kupatsidwa ma cyclops. Pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kudya.

Pofika miyezi 6-7, nsomba zimayamba kutha. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nsomba zomwe ali mu ukapolo kumafika zaka 6.

Chifukwa chake, tetragonopterus ndi mbadwa zamayiko otentha aku South America. Izi nsomba ndi chosasunthika mikhalidwe ya kumangidwa, ntchito, kufalikira mosavuta mu ukapolo ndipo amatsogolera gulu la moyo. Zoyipa zake zazikulu ndizokonda kudya zakudya zamadzimadzi ndi chikhalidwe chokhala ndi tambala.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi, ndipo Hemigrammus caudovittatus ndi Hemigrammus anisitsi) adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1907 ndi Yengeyman. T

amakhala ku South America, ku Argentina, Paraguay, ndi Brazil.

Awa ndi nsomba yakusukulu yomwe imakhala m'mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo: mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja, dziwe. Zimadyanso tizilombo komanso zomera zachilengedwe.

Kufotokozera

Achibale ndi achibale ena, iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu. Imafika kutalika kwa 7 cm, ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zaka 6.

Tetomboopterus imakhala ndi thupi lotchedwa silvery, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola a neon, zipsepse zofiira zowoneka bwino ndi mzere woonda wakuda kuyambira pakati pa thupi ndikusandulika dontho lakuda kumchira.

Tetragonopterus - wodzichepetsa, koma wosakhazikika mnansi

Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi) kapena, monga tetragonopterus Buenos Aires amatchedwanso, tetra ndi rhomboid tetra, tetra roach ndi nsomba yomwe imasamala kwambiri, imakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo imakhala yosavuta kuswana. Ndi yayikulu mokwanira ma characin - mpaka 7 cm, ndipo imatha kukhala zaka 5-6. Tetragonopterus ndi nsomba yayikulu kwa oyamba kumene.

Amasinthasintha bwino magawo amadzi ambiri, ndipo safunikira nyengo iliyonse. Pokhala nsomba zamtendere, zimayenda bwino m'midzi yambiri, koma amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu. Ndipo amafunika kudyetsedwa bwino, popeza kuti ali ndi njala amakhala ndi mwayi wochotsa zipsepse kwa oyandikana nawo, zomwe zimakumbutsa abale awo - aang'ono.

Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi tetragonopterus mu paketi, kuchokera pazidutswa 7. Gulu lotere silikhumudwitsa anzawo.

Kwa zaka zambiri, tetragonopterus yakhala imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi. Koma, ali ndi chizolowezi chowononga mbewu, ndipo nyanja yamakono yopanda mbewu ndizosavuta kuganiza. Chifukwa cha izi, kutchuka kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Koma, ngati mbewu sizili patsogolo panu, ndiye kuti nsomba iyi ndi yopezanso.

Kugwirizana

Rhomboid tetra yonse ndi nsomba yabwino ya m'madzi wamba. Amakhala otakataka, ngati ali ndi zambiri, amasunga gulu la nkhosa.

Koma oyandikana nawo akuyenera kukhala ma tetras ena achangu komanso achangu, mwachitsanzo, ana, Congo, erythrosonuses, minga. Kapenanso amafunika kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku, kuti asataye zipsepse za oyandikana nawo.

Nsomba zowawa, nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali, zimavutika mu aquarium yokhala ndi tetragonopterus. Kuphatikiza pa kudyetsa, kupsa mtima kumachepetsa zomwe zili mu paketi.

Kuswana

Tetragonopterus kuterera, wamkazi amaikira mazira pamizimba kapena timabowo. Kubala ndikosavuta, poyerekeza ndi Rhodostomus yemweyo.

Opanga angapo amapatsidwa chakudya chamoyo, kenako amatumizidwa kumalo ena owerengeka. Pochulukacha, payenera kukhala kutuluka pang'ono, kusefa, ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono, monga ma moss.

Njira ina ya moss ndi chovala chosamba chopangidwa ndi ulusi wa nayiloni. Amayikira mazira pamenepo.

Madzi mu aquarium ndi 26-27 madigiri ndi wowawasa pang'ono. Zotsatira zabwino zimatha kupezeka ndikuyika gulu nthawi yomweyo, kuchokera kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe.

Pakutuluka, imayikira mazira pamizimba kapena chovala chotsuka, kenako ikabzalidwe, popeza imatha kudya mazira.

Mphutsi zimaswa pakati pa maola 24-36, ndipo pakatha masiku 4 zimasambira. Mutha kudyetsa mwachangu ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Pothiri.ru. Nsomba za Aquarium. Tetra ndi roach. Tetragonopterus

Thupi limakhala lokwera, lokhazikika mwamphamvu pambuyo pake. Mzere wotsatira ndi wopanda malire. Pali ndalama yaying'ono ya adipose. "A" yayitali kuposa "D", "C" ndi masamba awiri.

Kumbuyo ndi kubiriwira maolivi, mbali ndi siliva ndi chikasu kubiriwira, kubiriwira ndi siliva.Pamapeto pa patudal peduncle, wakuda wooneka ngati diamondi wopita ku "C".

Zipsepse, kupatula "P", ndi zofiirira. Pali mitundu ya mandimu achikasu.

Mtundu wamphongo wamapazi umakhala wokhutira kwambiri ndi ofiira.

Zamtendere, zophunzira kusukulu. Nsomba zam'manja, zosakonda kuwala, khalani pakati komanso pamtunda wamadzi apamwamba, ndikubisala kowopsa mumitengo ya mbewu. Zitha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zokha, mu ziphuphu zokhala pansi zimaluma. Mu aquarium, mbewu zokhala ndi masamba olimba zingakhalenso Javanese moss, bolbitis ndi Thai fern, monga nsomba zidadya mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono.

R. Riel, A. Bensch amapereka magawo amadzi pazomwe zili: 18-28 ° С, dH mpaka 35 °, pH 5.8-8.5.

Kutulutsa masamba kuchokera pamtunda wa 60 masentimita okhala ndi mauna olekanitsa pansi ndi mbewu yokhala ndi tsinde komanso masamba opindika. Mulingo wamadzi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Akazi ndi amuna amasungidwa padera kwa masabata awiri asanafike kuti atulutsidwe. Kuti zibwere kumadzulo iwo amabzala banja kapena nsomba zingapo.

Zimamera nthawi zambiri m'mawa, zazikazi zimataya mazira 200 kapena kupitirira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, nsomba zimachotsedwa, malo amadzimadzi amakhala amdima, madziwo amachepetsa mpaka masentimita 10. Nthawi yodzikundikira ndi masiku 1-2, mwachangu amasambira masiku 3-6. Pelekani kuwala. Kuyambitsa kudya: ma ciliates, ozungulira.

Kutha msinkhu pa miyezi 6 mpaka 10.

Kuwongolera madzi a 20-22 ° C, dH mpaka 20 °, pH 7 akuti.

M.N. Ilyin m'buku "Ulimi wa nsomba wa Aquarium" alemba za tetragonopterus:

Tetragonopterus (Hemigrammus caudovittatus E. Ahl.). Tetragonopterus amapezeka mumtsinje. La Plata. Iwo adayamba kubweretsedwa ku Europe mu 1922, adalipo pano mpaka 1941 ndipo adasungidwabe. M'mizinda yam'madzi, nthawi zambiri amafika masentimita 5-6, nthawi zina 12 cm.

Kwenikweni, mtundu wa nsombazi ndi wakuda wachikasu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, pamimba ndi siliva. Kuchokera pakati pa tsinde laudayidi mpaka kumapeto kwake, chingwe chakuda chimatambalala ndi mzere wotsatira, kukulira malo osanjikizana ndi maziko a pansi pake. Zipsepse zonse kupatula zowoneka ngati zokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, zowala kwambiri mu anal. Iris kumtunda wapamwamba ndi wofiyira.

Zoyenera kusunga ndi kudyetsa ndizosavuta. Kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium kumatha kuchoka pa 12 mpaka 25 ° (makamaka 18-24 °). Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chomwe chidachokera ku nyama, masamba nawonso ndi abwino. Tetragonopterus saumirira pa pH, kuuma ndi kutsitsimuka kwa madzi.

Kupeza ana ndikosavuta. Madzi ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bomba. Nsomba zimayikidwa m'miyala ikuluikulu yokhala ndi malo ocheperapo a 2000 cm2 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Chitsamba cha sinamoni, tchire zingapo za sagittarius, masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala pansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. Mutha kuchita popanda mbewu. Kutentha kwamadzi kumasungidwa pa 22-24 °.

Atangotuluka kuti atuluke kapena tsiku lotsatira (m'mawa), wamkazi amataya mazira 200 mpaka 800 ngati galasi. Pambuyo pofalikira, opanga amachotsa caviar kuti asawonongeke.

Mphutsi pambuyo pa maola 24, ndipo patatha masiku anayi asandulika mwachangu, amasambira ndikudya ma ciliates, nauplii komanso letesi lowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake pamayendedwe ang'onoang'ono.

G.R. Axelrod, W. Mawuerwinkler m'buku la "Encyclopedia of theararist" alemba za tetragonopterus:

Hemigrammus caudovittatus (tetra wopangidwa ndi diamondi, tetragonopter, tetra-roach). Izi nsomba kuchokera kudera la Buenos Aires ndi amodzi mwa tetras yayikulu kwambiri mwa akulu, mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm.

Mtundu wake ndi siliva, zipsepse zonse, kupatula zomwe zawonongeka, ndi zofiira kwambiri.

Chingwe chakuda chakudutsa m'thupi kutalikirana mbali zitatu za kutalika kwake ndi kudutsa pakati mchira, kudutsa mzere wakuda pafupi ndi kumapeto kwake ndikuzungulira mbali zinayi zachikaso. Amuna ndi ochepa thupi komanso ochepa kuposa akazi.

Zonona zazikulu ndizosowa kwambiri, zowonetsa kuchitira nkhanza abale awo ang'ono, motero ayenera kuyanjana ndi nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimatha kudzilimira zokha.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ma tetras amenewa ndi kutsina zipsepse zam'mimba za patacanthids ndi gourami. Akazi okonzekera kutchukanso amakhalanso ndi mwayi, amakangana ngakhale ndi omwe akukhala nawo mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, asanatulutse, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimabzalidwe bwino.

Amafuna malo akulu (okwanira 80 l) omwe ali ndi mbewu zambiri. Wamkazi wankhanza ayenera kuyang'aniridwa poyamba, koma ndikutulutsa, zinthu zimayamba kukhazikika popanda zovuta. Mukatulutsa, chotsani makolowo pakubzala, apo ayi adzadya mphutsi zambiri.

25-25 C mu 2-2, masiku 5, mphutsi, ndipo patatha masiku awiri amayamba kusambira. Amatha kudyetsa matenda a artemia nthawi yomweyo.

M.N. Ilyin m'buku "Ulimi wa nsomba wa Aquarium" alemba za genus hemigramus:

Genus Hemigrammus

Hemigrammus wamtundu wapafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Hifessobricon. Oimira amtunduwu amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi omaliza mwa kukhalapo kwa mamba thupi pafupi ndi ndalama za caudal.

Mikhalidwe yodyetsa ndi kudyetsa imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi mtundu wa Hifessobricon, koma, monga lamulo, ma chemigram amakonda madzi abwino kwambiri ndipo amafunikira mpweya wambiri. Zina mwa izo, monga tetragonopterus, zimadyanso zakudya zam'mera.

Momwe kuphatikizira kwa erythrosonuses ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mtundu wam'mbuyomu. Ma hemigram ena ambiri ndiosavuta kubereka. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma aquariamu okhala ndi chingwe chachitsulo, kuchuluka kwa ma aquariums populika kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo.

Ngodya ya mabwalo omwe amakhala ndi tchirepo pali chitsamba chachikulu cha mbewu zazing'onoting'ono kapena ulusi wa perlon. Ena nsomba amatuluka popanda gawo lapansi. Hafu ya voliyumu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndi watsopano.

Pakatakataka, madzi ofewa kapena apakatikati osagwira kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito (pH 6.1-7.2).

Awiri opanga kapena wamkazi m'modzi yemwe amakhala ndi amuna awiri amayikidwa kuti azibowola. Kukula kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'mawa. Akazi amataya mazira 12-15 mobwerezabwereza, mazana angapo ndikutulutsa. Mukamaliza kufalikira, opanga amafunika kukhala pamtunda.

Mphutsi pambuyo pake kwa maola 24 mpaka 40, atapachikidwa pa magalasi kwa masiku 3-4, amasanduka mwachangu, kuyamba kusambira ndi kudya chakudya chochepa kwambiri chamoyo. Pambuyo masiku 8-10, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma cyclops ang'ono.

Chithunzi cha Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi), malo osunga, kukula, malo obadwira, kutalika, kusiyana pakati pa jenda, mtundu, chakudya, chilengedwe, kuswana kwa tetogoopterus, kusasitsa, kutulutsa, mwachangu, Hemigrammus caudovittatus characin aquarium nsomba, Buenos Aires Tetra

Chikwanje, kapena tumbwa wooneka ngati diamondi, kapena tetragonopterus - nsomba zam'madzi zolimba zochokera ku South America. Yosavuta kusamalira ndi kusamalira. Mu aquariums ndizosangalatsa. Zitha kuwononga mbewu.

Amawerengera kuti ndi nsomba yabwino kwa oyambira m'madzi am'madzi. Muli bwino, tetra wooneka ngati diamondi samadwala. Pagulu la anthu 8-10, mudzafunika malo okhala ndi malita 100 kapena kuposerapo, chifukwa awa ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndipo amafunikira malo otambalala.

Kufalikira mosavuta muukapolo.

Wolemba Øyvind Holmstad - Ntchito Yake, CC BY-SA 3.0

Dera: South America - Argentina, Paraguay, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil (mitsinje ya Parana ndi Uruguay).
Habitat: nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'mitsinje, nthawi zambiri m'misewu yayikulu, m'mphepete mwa madzi am'madzi ndi m'mitsinje.

Kufotokozera: thupi lokwera, lopendekera pang'ono m'mbali. Pali ndalama yaying'ono ya adipose. Dorsal fin lalifupi kuposa anal. Makala akulu.
Mtundu: kumbuyo kwake kwakukulu ndi siliva wokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira, kumbuyo kwake ndi maolivi a bulauni. Fin, kupatula pectoral, pabuka kapena chikasu.

Hafu yapamwamba ya iris ndi yofiira. Mimba imayera. Mzere wowoneka bwino wobiriwira womwe umadutsa pakati pa mbali za thupi; kumapeto kwa mchira, umasandulika malo ooneka ngati mwala wakuda ndi chingwe chosiyanako. Anthu pawokha amapezeka ndi ziphuphu zachikasu za chikasu.

Kukula kwake: m'chilengedwe, tetra yooneka ngati diamondi imakula mpaka 12 cm, m'masamu nthawi zambiri imakhala 6-8 cm.
Utali wamoyo: Wazaka 5-6.

Aquarium: viewport, pamwamba kotsekedwa ndi chivindikiro.
Makulidwe: kwa banja muyenera saiziyumu yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 20-30 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40, kwa gulu la nsomba za 10-15 - malita 150-200.

Madzi: dH 8-20 °, pH 5-8, aeration, kusefera, kayendedwe kakang'ono, sabata iliyonse amasintha mpaka 20% madzi. Tetra wooneka ngati diamondi amakonda madzi oyera, oyera, ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mpweya.
Kutentha: 20-26 ° C. Imalekerera kugwa kwakukulu, mpaka 12 ° C.

Zowunikira: chapamwamba, chapakati.
Kupanga: miyala yoyera yakuda.
Zomera: zimawononga mbewu, ndiye kuti zingakhale zopangika kapena zolimba-zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aquarium (Hornwort, sinamoni, painbitis, microzorium, Javanese moss).

Kulembetsa: mabwalala othimbirira, mitengo yoyenderera, mizu ndi zokongoletsera zina, malo aulere akusambira amafunikira.

Kudyetsa: kuthengo, njoka yam'madzi imadya nyongolotsi, crustaceans, tizilombo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera ndi detritus. M'mizinda yamadzimadzi ndizosangalatsa - zimatenga chomera (masamba otupa a sipinachi, letesi, dandelion, nettle), amoyo (magazi, daphnia, shrimp), oundana, owuma komanso ophatikiza. Nsomba zazikulu zimadyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Nsomba zochokera pansi pa chakudya sizifuna kuzilandira.

Khalidwe: nsomba zazimbudzi, zomwe zimayenera kusungidwa mgulu la michira pafupifupi 8-10. Timbra yooneka ngati diamondi imasunthasuntha nthawi zonse, akusambira mwamphamvu m'madzi onse, panthawi yamantha, nsomba zimabisala pakati masamba masamba. Zikakhala zokhazokha kapena zitamangidwa, zipsepse zimayamba kuwononga oyandikana nawo mumadzi.

Khalidwe: achikondi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amapeza ubale pakati pawo, popanda kuvulaza wina ndi mnzake.
Dera lamadzi: pakati ndi pansi pamadzi.
Chitha kukhala ndi: nsomba zamtendere zokhazikika (chipolopolo, loricaria ndi catfish yokhala ndi mfuti, tetra, rassbori, zebrafish, barbs).
Sangakhale ndi: nsomba zazing'ono komanso zochepa, komanso nsomba zokhala ndi ziphuphu zazitali (ma gippies, scalars, amuna).

Albino. Wolemba Astellar87 - Ntchito Yomweyo, Malo A umma

Kulima nsomba: awiri kapena amuna chisa kutulutsa (1 wamkazi ndi amuna awiri). Opanga amakhala masiku 7-14 ndipo amadyetsedwa mokwanira ndi chakudya chamoyo. Kutambalala kumadalirana (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mwachangu, voliyumu ya 100 malita ndi kutalika kwa 80 masentimita kapena kupitilira), kuwongolera ndi kusefera (pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya thonje), kuwala kwachilengedwe.

Magawo a madzi: dH 6-15 °, pH 6.5-7.8, T 26-28 ° C, madzi ayenera kukhala atsopano. Gawo lolekanitsa ndi tchire zingapo zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pansi. Nsomba zimayikidwa mu chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo m'mawa kutulutsa kumayamba, komwe kumatenga maola 2-4. Pambuyo pofalikira, sinthani mpaka 50-80% yamadzi amomwe amapangidwe ndi kutentha.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi: Zachikazi ndizokulirapo komanso zodalirika kuposa zazimuna, chachimuna, ziphuphu ndi ma fongo ndi zazitali komanso zazifupi.
Kutha msinkhu: amapezeka wazaka 5-8.
Chiwerengero cha caviar: Madzi okwanira 1000 ndi mazira ang'ono.
Nthawi ya makhulitsidwe: Maola 24-36.

Zobadwa: mwachangu kusambira kwa masiku 3-4. Pokhala mukukula m'madzi, payenera kukhala pabwino komanso kusefedwa.
Kukula: mwachangu zimakula mosagwirizana, chifukwa chake, kupewa milandu ya cannibalism, ana amasinthidwa nthawi ndi kukula.

Kudyetsa ana: chakudya choyambitsa - "fumbi lamoyo", maulalo, ma ciliates, kenako - nauplii wa ma cyclops ndi brine shrimp.
Kuchoka kwa makolo: atatulutsa, opanga amabzala.

Hemigrammus - Hemigrammus

Amakhala m'mitsinje ya kudera lotentha la South America. Ku Russia kuyambira 1908-1910-hgg.

Mzere wotsatira ndi wopanda malire. Pali mafuta. Ma Aquariums omwe ali ndi mitundu yoposa makumi anayi. Ganizirani kwambiri za iwo.

Tetragonopterus, kapena tetra-roach (N. caudovittatus). Kwawo - madera otsika a mitsinje Parana ndi Uruguay.

Kutalika mpaka 10cm. Thupi limakhala lotsika, lokwera, loponderezedwa pambuyo pake. Mutu ndi wamkulu. Pofikira pamakhala ozunguliridwa. Maso ndi akulu. Nsagwada yapansi imakhala yayikulu ndipo imatuluka pang'ono. Dorsal fin pafupifupi triangular; Makala ndi akulu, ndipo palinso m'munsi mwa ndalama za caudal.

Kupanga toni, ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, pamimba ndi siliva. Zipsepse zonse kupatula pectorals ndi zofiira. Diso la Iris ndi theka lofiira. Pali maalubino omwe thupi lawo limakhala la pinki ndi golide.

Aeration ndi kusefera ndikofunikira. Dothi ndilopepuka, mbewu sizingoyendayenda komanso zazing'ono (mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofewa a nsomba, ngati simufuna kuzitaya, ndibwino kuti musabzale).

Chakudyacho ndi chabwino, chouma komanso masamba.

Tetragonopterus amafika pakukhwima pakukula kwa miyezi 6. Pakuswana, muyenera ma aquariums okhala ndi 30-50 l pa kuwundana, 200 l yopanga timagulu.

Mauna owala bwino (pulasitiki kapena chinyani chinyini) amaikidwa pansi, kudutsa, pomwe mazira amabira pansi ndikukhalabe olimba (opanga sangathe kuwapeza), mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zimayikidwa pamwamba pa mauna.

Masabata awiri asanatulutse, opanga amakhala pansi ndikuwadyetsa chakudya chochuluka. Tsiku loti lisanachitike, kuwaza kumathiridwa madzi oyera - kutentha 22- 24 ° С, pH = 6.5-7.

Chonde - mpaka mazira 1,500. Kufalikira kumachitika mwachangu. Ikamaliza, methylene buluu imawonjezeredwa pamadzi kuti caviar woikidwayo usawonongeke kapena kuzimiririka. Mphutsi tsiku lililonse, patatha masiku ena 4-6 amayamba kusambira ndi kudyetsa. Koyamba chakudya - ozungulira, ciliates, monga osakhalitsa - osenda yophika dzira yolk.

Khalani m'mizinda yam'madzi kwa zaka 3-4.

Pulcher, Peruvian, kapena humpbacked tetra (N. pulcher). Kwawo kwanyumba - posungira ku Peru.

Kutalika 4-5cm. Thupi ndi lokwera, pambuyo pake loponderezedwa. Mutu, dorsal fin, mamba, maso akulu, nsagwada zotsika patsogolo. Coling tan. Kumbuyo kuli kwakuda kuposa pamimba. Thupi lokhala ndi siliva, buluu kapena wobiriwira. Pa tsinde la caudal, banga looneka ngati wakuda komanso lamtambo.

Pamwamba pake pali chingwe chagolide. Kutalika pang'ono ndi mzere wofiira kupita kumutu, pansi pake (monga kupitilizitsa kwa mtundu wakuda) enanso awiri. Zingwe zimatha pamlingo wa dera la thoracic. Pansi pamutu, pakhosi ndi m'mimba muli mabala amtambo komanso obiriwira. Zipsepse zosapsa zimakhala zofiirira pang'ono.

Diso la iris pamwambapa ndi lofiira.

Amakhala ndi, monga tetragonopterus, koma kutentha kwa madzi ndi 23-26 ° С. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi zooplankton, koma masamba amafunikanso.

Pulchera - gulu la nsomba zokonda mtendere.

Kutha msinkhu kumatheka m'miyezi 7-10. Pakuchepa, magalasi am'madzi onse kapena ma plexiglass okhala ndi malita 6-10 amafunikira. Kutentha kwamadzi 26- 28 ° С, kuuma 1 °, pH = 6-6.5.

Pansi pa dothi losungunuka, mauna opukutira bwino adayikika, pamwamba pake panali chitsamba cha sinamoni. Kuwala kunayatsidwa, kofooka. Ndikosavuta kusankha opanga, maanja opambana amayenda mwachilengedwe. Koma yamphongo imayenera kusinthidwa m'malo mongotulutsa simapezeka.

Chonde - pafupifupi mazira 600. Kubalalika ndi kwamkuntho, kumatenga pafupifupi maola awiri. Mukamaliza, caviar imayenda.

Mphutsi pambuyo pa maola 14, atatha masiku 3-5 atayamba kusambira ndi kudyetsa. Chakudya choyambirira - ozungulira, ma ciliates.

Erythrosonus, graciliss, tetra wamoto, kapena tetemoni wamoto (H. erythrozonus). Kwawo - malo osungirako ku Guyana.

Kutalika 4cm. Thupi limakhala lotentha, lotsika, pambuyo pake loponderezedwa. Mutu ndi wokulirapo, maso ndi akulu. Zipsepazo ndizochepa, zowonekera. Kupaka chikasu, m'mimba oyera. Kuchokera pamutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira pali chingwe chofiirira chowala, malekezero a zipsepse zosaphimba ndi zoyera ndi zoyera. Diso la iris limapaka utoto pamtunda komanso buluu pansipa. Pakakhala mantha, nsomba imasalala. Amphongo ndi owala bwino, mawanga oyera pazipsepi amakhala akuthwa.

Khalani ndi ma aquariums ang'onoang'ono okwana 30-60, kutentha 23-25 ​​° С. Kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kumatsikira ku G8 ° C. Kuuma 6-8 °, pH = 6.5-7. Madzi a peat. Dothi limakhala lakuda, mbewu ndizoyenda zochepa komanso zoyandama. Gwiritsani zigoba. Chakudyacho ndi chamoyo (chaching'ono) komanso chouma.

Sambani pakati komanso m'munsi m'madzi.

Nsomba zimakhwima pofika miyezi 6. Kuti mubereke muyenera ma aquariums okhala ndi malita 10 a plexiglass ndi magalasi onse. Pansi panagona mauna abwino. Pompo - gulu la sinamoni kapena hygrophilous. Madzi a peat, kutentha 24-26 ° С, kuuma 4-6 °, pH = 6.6-6.8. Kuwala ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kufalikira kawiri. Kwa maola awiri, wamkazi amataya mazira 500. Mphutsi zamkati pambuyo pa maola 24-30. Pambuyo pa masiku 5-6, amayamba kusambira ndikudya.

Chakudya choyambirira ndi ma ciliates ndi ma rotifers, pambuyo pake - artemia nauplii.

Mwachangu limakula mwachangu. Madzi pambuyo pobowola koyamba mutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Erythrosonuses ndi nsomba zamtendere. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka zitatu.

Tochi, kapena tetra-tochi (H. ocellifer).Kwawo - Amazon.

Kutalika 4-5cm. Chimafanana ndi tetragonopterus mu mawonekedwe a thupi. Koma tsinde la caudal limapanikizika kwambiri.

Mtundu waukulu ndi wa siliva wonyezimira, pamimba ndi wopepuka. Mbali mbali zitatu zakumbuyo zimatambasulira kamtambo kamdima, komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa pansi pamalopo a caudal ndikumenyetseka. Pakanenerana pamalopo pali malo akuda, mbali zonse ziwiri pali madontho oyera.

Pamwambapa, kumapeto kwa caudal peduncle, pali malo owunikira - oyera agolide kutsogolo ndi lalanje kumbuyo. Malo owoneka bwino amtunduwu amapezeka kumbuyo kwa zotchingira gill ndi pamwamba pa maso. Mphepo zowola kwambiri za zipsepse zosapsa ndizoyera. Iris maso pamwamba lalanje. Pakudula, wamphongo amawonekera pa anal fin ndi mzere wamkaka. AT.

kudzera pakuwunikira, chikhodzodzo ndikuwonekera kwathunthu mwa iye, pang'ono mwa akazi.

Muli ngati tetragonopterus. Koma kutentha kwa madzi ndi 23-27-27 С, kuuma ndi 15 °, ndi pH = 6.5-7. Kotala ya kuchuluka kwa madzi amasinthidwa sabata.

Kutha msanga kumachitika pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Kuti mubereke, mumafunika malo okhala ma aquariamu okhala ndi malo a 900-1400 sq. Cm ndi msentimita wamadzi kutalika kwa 1520 cm. Kutentha 25-31 ° С, kuuma kuchokera 2 mpaka 15 °, pH = 6.2. Gawo laling'ono ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimangodya pakona pomwe zimabzala ndi 2-3 saggitariya chitsamba.

Wodzivala kapena wamtundu wa gulu (wamkazi m'modzi ndi amuna awiri) maola awiri. Chonde - mazira oposa 500. Mphutsi zamkati pambuyo pa maola 24-30. Pambuyo pa masiku anayi, amayamba kusambira mwachangu ndikudya. Chakudya choyambirira - ma ciliates, ozungulira.

Nsomba zamtendere. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chazaka 6.

Rhodostomus, kapena red-nosed tetra (H. rhodostomus). Kwawo - Amazon Delta.

Kutalika mpaka 6cm. Thupi limakhala lokwera, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi erythrosonus thupi. Kamvekedwe ka utoto wamba ndi siliva wokhala ndi chikasu chofiirira. Pofikira, maso, kumtunda kwa mutu wowoneka ofiira.

Kuchokera pachivundikiro cha gill, mtundu wofiirawo umayenda m'mphepete mwa thupi, ukugwira ndikusowa kumapeto kwa zipsepse zamakutu.

Kumapeto kwa chifudal peduncle pali chingwe chakuda pamakona pomwe pali malo akuda anayi mkaka wamkaka: ziwiri zakunja ndizing'onozing'ono, ndipo zolemba kumbuyo zomwe zimakhala pamakoma a caudal ndizazikulu.

Kutha kumafika m'miyezi 8-10. Chonde - mpaka mazira 250.

Nsomba zokonda mtendere. Kukhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.

Marginatus, wamisala-wakuda, kapena wopindika-wamisala, tetra (H. marginatus). Kwawo - akasungidwe aku South America kuchokera ku Venezuela kupita ku Argentina.

Kutalika mpaka 8cm. Maonekedwe a thupi, ngati tochi ya tira. Mtunduwu ndi maolivi otuwa, wokhala ndi siliva. M'mphepete mwake muli chingwe chachikulu chagolide. Zipsepsezi ndizowonekera. Pansi pamipanda ya caudal ndipo pakati pake pali mawanga akuda. Gill amakwirira ndi sheen wagolide. Pa phesi la mchira, mndandanda wagolide pamwamba.

Chonde - mpaka mazira 400. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mawa, m'bandakucha woyamba.

Opanga kudya mwachangu caviar. Kuti apulumutse, onse ayenera kutulutsidwa mukangotuluka.

Costello, tetra wobiriwira, kapena neon wobiriwira (N. hyanyary). Kwawo - akasungidwe aku Brazil.

Kutalika mpaka 4cm. Thupi limakhala lochepera, lalitali, mawonekedwe a nsomba limafanana ndi erythrosone. Mtundu waukulu ndi siliva wobiriwira. Kumbuyo kuli emarodi, mkati mwa thupi mutambasuka chingwe chonyezimira.

Kuseri kwa mafuta oyipa pa maluwe a pacudal pali malo ofiira, pansi pakepo ndi malo akuda, kudutsa pakati pa phiri ladzala ndi malo owala. Tsitsani madontho ofiira pamoto. Malekezero a zipsepse zosapsa ndi zoyera.

Diso la Iris ndiwobiliwira. Akazi ndi akulu komanso otakataka kuposa amuna.

Chonde - mpaka mazira 250. Mphutsi pambuyo pake 1.5-2 masiku, 4-6 atayamba kusambira ndi kudyetsa. Chakudya choyambirira - ma ciliates, ozungulira. Pambuyo pake - nauplii artemia.

Pocheperapo, pamikhalidwe yofananira, amasunga ndi kubereka mzere watatu, mutu-ofiira, golide, mtundu umodzi, ma tetras amitala yapinki, Scholz chemigram, red-dot, slim, etc.