Grouse ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino kuyambira paubwana. Miyambi yambiri, zonena ndi nthano zambiri zimapangidwa za munthu wokhala munkhalangoyi, yemwe amatchuka kwambiri ndi "Fox and Grouse". Pamenepo akuwonetsedwa wanzeru, wololera komanso wokhazikika, komwe, pamapeto pake, amampulumutsa ku machenjerero a nkhandwe. Ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe amawerenga mbalameyi komanso osaka okha omwe amadziwa za galu wakuda m'modziyo, pakati pa omwe grouse amawonedwa kuti ndi masewera ofunika kwazaka zambiri ndipo omwe, potengera zikhalidwe za mbalameyi, apanga njira zambiri zopangira kusaka nkhalangoyi.

Mawonekedwe

Grouse ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, kukula kwake, kutengera jenda, imatha kukhala 40 mpaka 58 cm, ndipo kulemera - kuyambira 0,7 mpaka 1.4 kg, motsatana. Mutu wake ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi mulomo wofupikitsa. Thupi ndilokulirapo, koma osati lalikulu kwambiri, khosi limakhala lotalikirapo, lokhazikika. Miyendo ndi yolimba, yowoneka chifukwa chala chomwe chimaphimba kumunsi, chimawoneka chambiri.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chizindikiro cha agogo ndi mawu awo. Pakukhwima, amuna amapanga mawu omwe nthawi yomweyo amafanana ndikungogubuduza ndi kugundana. Ndipo zazikazi zimangokhala ngati nkhuku wamba.

Grouse wakuda amakhala ndi zala zinayi pachendo chilichonse, zitatu zomwe zimatsogozedwa kutsogolo, ndipo wachinayi amazitsutsa. Zovala zamphamvu kwambiri. Mapikowo ndi olimba, ophimbidwa ndi nthenga zazitali, popanda mbalameyo sangathe kuchita panthawi ya ndege.

Khalidwe, moyo

Grouse - mbalame zomwe zimakonda kucheza, zimakonda kukhala pagulu lalikulu nthawi zonse, kupatula nyengo yomwe ilipo, ndipo, pagululo, pakhoza kukhala anthu 200 mpaka 200. Nthawi zambiri, ziweto zakuda zagalu zimasakanikirana, zomwe sizimakhala zambiri ndizomwe zimakhala amuna okhaokha, koma zoweta zazimuna zokha ndizosowa. Mbalamezi zimatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo nthawi yotentha, nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, zimagwira ntchito m'mawa komanso dzuwa lisanalowe.

Masana amakonda kukhala pamitengo, pakati pa masango a nthambi: pamenepo paphiri pamakhala dzuwa ndipo pamenepo amapulumutsidwa kwa adani ambiri. Ambiri agalu akuda amakhala pansi. Pazaka zambiri, amayenda pansi kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kugona komweko, m'malo otetezeka a tchire kapena mumdambo pamtunda. Ngakhale, mitengo, imakondedwa ngati ikukhala motalikirapo: imakhala yotentha komanso yotetezeka kuposa padziko lapansi.

Amakwera mitengo mwangwiro, kuti nawonso atchedwe mbalame za pamtunda ndi zamitengo. Zikuwoneka ngati zosaneneka, koma ma grouse akuda amatha kukhala molimba mtima ngakhale panthambi zowonda kwambiri, zomwe sizitha kupirira kulemera kwawo. Awa ndi zolengedwa zowchenjera, zomwe makutu awo ndi kuwona kwake zimapangidwa bwino, pomwe zazikazi zimachita mosamala kuposa zazimuna ndipo zikafuna ngozi ndizoyambirira kupereka ma alarm, pambuyo pake gulu lonse limachotsedwa ndikumapita kwina, malo otetezeka.

Ndizosangalatsa! Gulugufe, ngakhale lili ndi kukula kwakukulu, limawuluka kwambiri: kuthamanga kwake kumatha kukhala 100 km / h, ndipo imatha kuwuluka chifukwa choopsa mtunda wa makilomita angapo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimakhala pogona pansi pa chipale chofewa, momwe mumazizira kwambiri zimatha kukhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi zambiri dzuwa litayamba, kambuku wakuda amatengedwa kuchokera ku nthambi ya mtengo ndikukhazikika pakatikati pa chipale chofewa ndipo, kugundana ndi matalala, komanso kukankha ndi thupi lake, kumapangira ngalande yotalika mpaka 50 cm.

Uwu ndiye malo othawirako kwathunthu, makamaka poti gogo wakuda, ali m'makola awo, amamva bwino mayendedwe a adani omwe akubwera ndipo amakwanitsa kusiya malo awo othawa ndikuwuluka, ngati kuli kofunikira, isanafike patali patali.

Chovuta chachikulu chokhacho chomwe chitha kukopa grouse wakuda m'makola ake ndikuwotha kwakanthawi ndikupanga kulowetsedwa mu chipale chofewa, komwe kumakhomera mbalame si ntchito yovuta. Ikayamba masika, ziweto zimagawana, ndipo zamphongo zimayamba kusonkhana pamayendedwe, pomwe, mwa kuyembekezera zazikazi, zimakhazikika m'mbali mwa dzuŵa loyamba ladzuwa.

Zodziwika bwino

Grouse (osati wakuda grouse) wa banja la pheasant. Kulemera kwa munthu, kutengera kugonana, kuyambira 700 g mpaka 1.5 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 45-60. Mkazi wa grouse wamkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa woyimira theka lolimba. Pali zosiyana zinanso pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Amphongo amawoneka owala kwambiri. Mapulogalamu awo akuda amakhala ndi chitsulo chamtundu kapena chofiirira. Pa mapiko ndi pamimba pali tint ya bulauni. Pamalopo pali mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, okhala ngati galasi, komanso zofanana ndi nthenga za ntchentche.

Yachikazi (grouse) imakutidwa ndi maonekedwe ofiira okhala ndi mawanga bulauni, bulauni komanso zakuda. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi capercaillie wachikazi, komabe, ili ndi zilembo zamagonedwe pamapiko, komanso mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono okhala mchira.

Momwe mbalame zimakhalira kuthengo

Grouse imatha kupezeka ku Old World, komanso ku Asia. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Scotland, kuzilumba za Great Britain, Peninsula ya Scandinavia, ku Ussuri Territory, ku China, Germany, Netherlands, ndi Belgium.

Ponena za malo okhalamo mbalamezi, mbalamezi zimasankha madera okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, zitsamba, komanso malo oyandikana ndi madzi abwino. Koma nkhalango yakuda ya grouse yakuda imapeweka. Pamenepo nkoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa m'malo ngati amenewo mumadzaza nyama zomwe zimadyerana.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi moyo wosasintha komanso wosakhazikika. Anthu a nomadic amakhala m'malo ozizira. Zambiri nthawi yachisanu, grouse wakuda amasunthira kumwera. Akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe anena za chizolowezi chochita chidwi. Ntchito zosinthira ma grouse nthawi zambiri zimachulukana zaka zina. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, omwe akukhala m'gawo limodzi.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Ma dimorphism ogonana mu grouse wakuda amatchulidwa kuti: akazi samangokhala ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abambo kukula, komanso osiyana kwambiri ndi iwo mu mtundu wazinthu zambiri. Zowonjezera zazimuna ndi zakuda zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi zonyezimira zamtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiirira pamutu, pakhosi, pakhosi komanso kumbuyo. Pamwamba pake pali nsidze za mtundu wofiirira. Kumbuyo kwa m'mimba ndi kutuwa, ndi nsonga zowala za nthenga. Kugulitsa kwamkati ndizoyera, kosiyana. Pa nthenga zakuda zofiirira pamalinso timiyala tating'ono tating'ono timene timatchedwa "galasi". Nthenga zokhala ndi mchira wokwera kwambiri zimapinda mbali, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a mchira wake. Mtundu wawo ndi wakuda kwambiri ndi utoto wofiirira pam nsuzi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mtundu wa mbalame zazing'ono, mosaganizira za mtundu wawo, ndizofanana: zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zazing'ono zimakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, yakuda komanso yachikasu.

Yaikazi yakuda ku grouse wakuda imejambulidwa modzichepera: imakhala yofiirira yofiirira, imaso yachikasu komanso yakuda bii. Alinso ndi magalasi kumapiko okhala, mapiko ake owoneka bwino ofiira, amawoneka osiyana kwambiri ndi amphongo. Pa mchira wa chachikazi pali kakulidwe kakang'ono, ndipo monga amuna, mawonekedwe a pansi pake amakhala oyera.

Zakudya zomwe amakonda

Gawo la mkango lazakudya za grouse wakuda ndi chakudya chomwe chimachokera. Zokonda zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa mbewu zina zamkati. M'miyezi yophukira imakhala yodera, yotsika, udzu wa thonje. M'dzinja, chakudya chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, monga zipatso zimapezeka kwambiri. Mwa maphwando omwe amakonda kwambiri: zipatso za mabulosi abulu, zipatso zosakanikirana ndi zina zambiri. Za chimanga cha chimanga chimakonda tirigu. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakhutira ndi khungwa lofewa.

Ponena za anapiye, amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi tizilombo. Popeza kuti ndi okhwima, kukula kwamagulu kumawafunikira zochepa ndikupita ku zakudya zamasamba.

Mitundu ya Agogo

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu iwiri ya grouse wakuda yemwe amakhala ku Europe amadziwika: iyi ndi grouse wakuda, yemwe amatchedwanso grouse wamunda ndi Caucasian grouse. Nthawi yomweyo, asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi iwiri ya gogo wakuda yemwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana momwe amakhala. Kunja, mitundu iwiriyi ndi yofanana kwambiri, kupatula kuti Caucasian wakuda grouse ndi yaying'ono: kukula kwake sikuposa 50-55 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 1.1 kg.

Kusiyana kwamitundu ya maula kumawonekeranso: ku grouse yakuda yaku Caucasi kumakhala kosalala, kopanda kuwala, osatchula utoto, ndipo palibenso "magalasi" pamapiko. Mchira wamtunduwu ndi wosiyana pang'ono mawonekedwe: umawumbidwa ndi miyala ya nanre, koma nthawi yomweyo umapangidwanso foloko. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi mchira komanso zopyapyala, komanso zazitali kuposa zomwe grouse wakuda. Akazi a grouse wakuda waku Caucasus alijambulidwa utoto, wamtali, wokongoletsedwa ndimitambo yakuda.

Mtunduwu umakhala ku Caucasus ku Russia ndi Turkey. Kupezekanso ku Azerbaijan, Armenia ndi Georgia. Malo ake omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi zitsamba za Rhododendron ndi m'chiuno, komanso mbalamezi zimakhala m'maluwa ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi birch ndi juniper. Caucasian wakuda grouse amadya udzu, zipatso, tizilombo. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba ndi zipatso za birch, mbewu ndi zipatso zimadyedwa.

Habitat, malo okhala

Mnzake wakuda amakhala m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mapiri a Eurasia, kuyambira ku Alps ndi British Isles kumalire a kumadzulo kwa malo ake ndikutha ndi Ussuri Territory ndi Peninsula yaku Korea kummawa.

Nthawi yomweyo, malire amipingoyi ali ndi malire, popeza amadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalame komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Ndipo madera ena kumene agogo akuda anali ofala, tsopano asowa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, mwachitsanzo, ku Eastern Sudetenland.

Ku Russia, mbalameyi imakhala kuchokera ku Kola Peninsula ndi dera la Arkhangelsk kumpoto kufikira madera a Kursk, Voronezh, Volgograd ndi mapiri a Altai kumwera. Akwatibwi amakonda kukhazikika m'masamba, yaying'ono yaying'ono komanso kutchire, komwe kuli zipatso zambiri. Zimapezekanso m'zigwa za mitsinje, m'malire mwa madambo, m'madambo osefukira kapena malo olimapo. M'nkhalango zowirira, amayesera kuti asakhazikike, koma amatha kukondana ndikugwa kwakukulu kapena malo pomwe moto wamitengo unachitika kamodzi ndipo mitengo siyinathe kukula.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za birch ndipo zimakonda mitundu ina yonse. Koma ku Western Europe, grouse wakuda wasankhidwa kale ndi ma moorlands ngati malo okhala, ndipo ku Ukraine ndi Kazakhstan - shrubbery wandiweyani.

Zakudya za grouse

Grouse - mbalame yobiriwira, osachepera akuluakulu amakonda kudya chakudya chomera. M'miyezi yotentha, amadya buliberries, blueberries, cranberries kapena lingonberries ndi herbaceous zomera monga clover kapena hawk. Amadyanso m'minda yomwe amalima mbewu, pomwe amakonda kwambiri tirigu ndi mapira.

M'nyengo yozizira, agogo wakuda omwe amakhala m'mitengo ya birch amadya mphukira, masamba, kapena masamba a birch. Ndipo mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo omwe birch sizikula zimayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zina: singano za spruce ndi juniper, mphukira za larch, achinyamata pine cones, komanso masamba a alder kapena msondodzi.
Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimadya mbalamezi zimadya kwambiri tizilombo, koma pambuyo pake, zikamakula, zimasinthira kubzala chakudya.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Chiyambireni chakumayambiriro kwa kasupe, agogo achimuna akuda asonkhana pamitembo yomwe ikudziwika pano, yomwe amasankha madambo, madera akutali kapena madambo opanda phokoso. Mukudula komwe kumatha kupezeka amuna awiri, ndipo nthawi zina. Masamba a grouse amapezeka theka lachiwiri la Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Pakadali pano, aliyense wamwamuna amayesera kukhala pamalopo poti azikhala pafupi kwambiri ndi dambo, koma masamba abwino kwambiri, amapita kwa olimba kwambiri a iwo.

Amuna amateteza mosamala mawebusayitiwo kuti asatengedwe ndi otsutsana naye, ena mwa iwo atha kugona pansi pangozi, poopa kuti ngakhale akubwera kuchokera usiku, tsambalo likhoza kutenga grouse ina yakuda. Kwina ola limodzi mbandakucha, abambo amasonkhana pakatipa ndikuyamba kugwedeza, kenako ndikung'ung'uza mawu kuti akope chidwi cha akazi, omwe, atafika kwakanthawi, amayambira kukhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa pomwepa ndikuwuluka pakati pa dambo. komwe amasankha mnzake.

Grouse yamakono ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri. Amuna ena amasuntha china chake, amaweramitsa makosi awo pansi ndikufalitsa michira yawo ndi malaya oyera oyera. Ena panthawiyi amalumphira ndi kuwomba mapiko awo mokweza. Chachitatu, osagawana chachikazi kapena tsamba lomwe amakonda, amalumikizana mu duel, kudumpha ndikuthamangizana. Ngakhale zili choncho, ngakhale kuti kulimbana pakati pa amuna kumachitika nthawi zambiri, gule wakuda samayambitsa mavuto ena.

Pambuyo pa kukhwima, amuna a grouse wakuda satenga nawo gawo m'tsogolo mwa ana awo amtsogolo: mkaziyo amanganso chisa, amasaka mazira 5 mpaka 13 omwe ali ndi mazira akuda komanso obiriwira akuda. Kubwatcha kumayamba pakati pa Meyi, ndipo chisa chija ndi bowo laling'ono pansi lomwe lokhala nthenga, masamba, nthambi zoonda komanso udzu wouma wa chaka chatha.

Yaikazi imagwira ana ake masiku 24-25. A Goshawks amabadwa kale okutidwa ndi fluff ndipo patatha maola ochepa amatha kutsatira amayi awo. Masiku 10 oyamba amoyo wawo ndiwowopsa kwambiri: pambuyo pake, anapiyewa sadziwa kusinthanso chifukwa padziko lapansi amatha kukhala osavuta kwa adani.

Ndizosangalatsa! Wamkazi wakhala pafupi ndi ana ake nthawi yonseyi, ndipo ngati chiwopsezo chikuwoneka pafupi, amayesa kumunyenga poyesezera kukhala wovulazidwa. Amadumphadumpha ndi malo ngati kuti sangathe kuyenda ndikuwuluka mapiko ake, kwinaku akukulira kwambiri. Kubowoleza kumeneku ndi chizindikiro kwa anapiye kuti abisala ndi kubisala mpaka amayi awo abwerere.

Pamene grouse wakuda atembenuka masiku 10, amatha kuwuluka, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amayamba kuwuluka. Mu Seputembala, amuna achichepere, osungunuka kale ngati nthambo zakuda, olekanitsidwa ndi mabanja awo ndikukhala mosiyana, koma achichepere amayesetsa kukhalabe pafupi ndi amayi awo. M'nyengo yozizira yokha, abambo ndi akazi onse amayamba kusonkhana m'magulu osakanikirana.

Monga lamulo, pa chaka chimodzi, abambo samatenga nawo mbali kubereka, ngakhale atafika pa kutha msinkhu: samaloledwa kuchita izi ndi agogo achikulire akuthamangitsa achichepere pano, kuti angotsalira pang'ono m'mbali mwa mtunda ndi kuwona monga okalamba komanso achikulire olankhula za iwo. Amuna azaka ziwiri zodziwika kale amadzisankhira malo kuchokera m'mphepete mwa zinthu zomwe zili pomwepo ndipo atha kutenga nawo mbali pakuswana, ngati, m'modzi mwa akazi atasankha banja.

Adani achilengedwe

M'malo achilengedwe, gule wakuda amakhala ndi adani ambiri, omwe pakati pawo pali nkhandwe, martens, nkhumba zamtchire ndi ma goshawks. Ma coons ena akuda, kuphatikiza ma saya, ndi owopsa kwa anapiye akuda a grouse.

Ndizosangalatsa! Adani achilengedwe, ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimakhala ndi zochulukirapo, sizikhudza kuchuluka kwa grouse wakuda kwambiri: ntchito zachuma za anthu komanso nyengo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchepa kwawo.

Zimachitika kuti m'miyezi yamvula yamvula, chifukwa cha hypothermia, mpaka 40% ya ana amtundu wakuda amwalira, kufananizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anapiye omwe amwalira kuchokera mano ndi zibwano za adani sizimawoneka zambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa agalu ogulitsa ali ochulukirachulukira, ndipo mitundu yomwe mbalame zimakhazikika imakhala yochulukirapo. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu uwu ukhale ngati "Zovuta Zovuta".Ponena za grouse wakuda waku Caucasus, ngati, ndi vuto, amatchedwa amtundu "Wosayandikira malo osatetezeka." Pa nthawi yomweyo, msipu ndi poaching ndi owopsa kwa iye. Zinyama zimaphwanya zisa ndi anapiye, koma agalu oweta ndi owopsa makamaka kwa grouse wakuda, osataya mwayi wowasaka.

Ndizosangalatsa! Panopa, Caucasus wakuda grouse kutetezedwa pa dera la angapo a nkhokwe yaikulu chikhalidwe, mwa amene Caucasus ndi Teberdinsky.

Grouse ndi munthu wamba wokhala m'minda yamitengo yamitengo yambiri komanso nkhalango za ku Europe. Kusiyana pakati pa anyani amphongo, opakidwa utoto wokhala ndi "magalasi oyera" ndi ovala pang'ono ndi azimayi pamitundu yambiri yofiirira, yofiirira yaimuna, ndizowopsa kotero kuti nkovuta kukhulupirira kuti ndi mbalame zamtunduwu womwewo. Mbalamezi zakhala zikopa chidwi cha anthu kwa machitidwe awo ndipo, makamaka, pofika pano.

Anthu omwe anaona mmene grouse grouse m'chaka m'bandakucha, amati zimenezi alidi ndi zosaiŵalika ndi wokongola pamaso. Sizachabe kuti fano la mbalamezi lidawonetsedwa kwambiri mu zaluso za anthu: mwachitsanzo, mu kuvina kwamapiri, kusuntha kofanana ndi kudumpha ndi kuwerama, mawonekedwe a grouse wakuda wapano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Black grouse

Mbalame zambiri grouse wakuda zodziwika kuyambira ndili mwana. Nyama imeneyi ali kangapo kukhala protagonist la nthano, nkhani ndi nkhani ana. Muzochita zambiri za grouse wakuda, olemba amawonetsa anzeru, achikhulupiriro mwachangu, koma kodi ndi momwe zilili? Grouse Mosakayika mmodzi wa oimira chidwi kwambiri a kalasi mbalame. Muyenera kuphunzira zambiri za izi.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Grouse ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zokondedwa kwambiri mwa anthu. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha ubwana wake wokonda kukumbukira nkhani zambiri, mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso osakumbukika, komanso wofunika pakati pa asaka. The grouse wakuda amatchedwa maina osiyanasiyana: "grouse", "whitefish", "wakuda", "munda grouse". Mu Chilatini, dzina la utoto wokhala ngati utoto limamveka ngati Lyrurus tetrix. Kwenikweni, mayina anachokera zinthu ziwiri: maonekedwe khalidwe ndi maonekedwe khalidwe.

Kodi gule wakuda amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mwamuna wakuda wamkazi

Okwatirana ndi mbalame zofala kwambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mbalame oterewa tingawapeze mu Europe ndi Asia. M'magawo awa, anthu amakhala osakhazikika. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusintha malo, ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya abwino. Ngati kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Europe grouse wakuda amakhala m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango-steppe, ndiye kumadzulo ndi pakati amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zomwe zili m'mapiri. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakukulu, kumadera ena ku Europe grouse idasowa. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kayendetsedwe ka anthu.

Mu Asia, mbalame oterewa tingawapeze m'madera ena a Korea North, China, Mongolia, ndi Kazakhstan. Mbalameyi ndiofala kwambiri ku Russia. Angapezeke pafupifupi mzinda, kupatulapo osowa. Komanso, anthu akuda amtundu wakuda amakhala ku Ukraine, amasankha malo okhala ndi nkhokwe pafupi ndi madambo komanso mitsinje yayikulu kumeneko. Simukupeza mbalame zoterezi ku Sakhalin, ku Crimea ndi Kamchatka.

Chosangalatsa: Gwirori ndi mbalame yokhazikika. Komabe, nthawi zina akamagwira relocations misa. Gulu lalikulu la mbalame zimasamukira nthawi yomweyo, monga lamulo, osati kutali kwambiri ndi malo oyambira. Chotero relocations chachikulu imakhudzana yekha ndi kusowa kwa chakudya.

Mukamasankha malo okhala, grouse wakuda amayang'ana pazinthu zingapo: kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira, nyengo yabwino. Amakhala ndi malo abwino otentha komanso malo omwe nkhalango zili pafupi ndi malo otseguka. Ziweto zambiri zimakonda kukhala mosungiramo nkhalango, nkhalango, mapiri, zigwa za mitsinje yayikulu kapena pafupi ndi malo olima, komwe nthawi zonse mumatha kupeza chilichonse chopindulitsa. Mbalame kupewa nkhalango mdima ndipo amafufuza malo amene mitengo birch kukula ambiri.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe wokwatibwi wakuda amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi wakuda grouse kudya?

Chithunzi: Grouse ku Russia

Zakudya zambiri za grouse wakuda ndizakudya zam'mera. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame imasiyanasiyana mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mukakhala zipatso zambiri, zipatso, mbewu mumsewu.

Mu nyengo yofunda, zakudya zikuphatikizapo:

• mbewu za mitengo, zitsamba, mbewu,
• inflorescences, maluwa ndi masamba,
• Masamba a zitsamba zina zotchedwa herbaceous,
• Zipatso zatsopano: nkhanu, buliberries, blueberries, lingonberry,
• mbewu za tirigu: tirigu, mapira.

Kudya tirigu mbewu, mapira, wakuda grouse zoipa zaulimi, minda masamba. Komabe, nyama izi sizitchedwa tizirombo zazikulu. Grouse kawirikawiri kudya mbewu ankaona zipatso, masamba ndi zakudya zina kwa iwo. M'nyengo yozizira, zakudya za mbalamezi ndizosowa. Samawulukira kumayiko otentha, chifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kuti azikasaka chakudya pansi pa matalala akuthwa pamitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, grouse wakuda amadya impso, mphukira, namatchuthi amtengo. Kulipembedza birch, msondodzi, Aspen, alder. Onetsetsani kuti mulinso zipatso za juniper, maini a pine.

Chidwi mfundo: Pofuna kuwongolera chimbudzi awo, akulu kumeza miyala yaing'ono pamene mukudya. Amathandizira chakudya kupera bwino m'mimba, zimathandizira kugaya.

Zakudya za ana a wakuda grouse ndizosiyana kwambiri. M'masiku oyamba amoyo wawo, anapiye amafunikira chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Pachifukwa chimenechi, zakudya nyama uli zakudya wawo. Nkhuku zimadya cicadas, nsikidzi, akangaude, udzudzu, mbozi ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana tomwe makolo awo timawabweretsera. Anakulira wakuda grouse, kupeza chakudya nyama pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka ndiyeno kwathunthu kusiyiratu.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Gwiranani m'nkhalango

Grouse imatha kutchedwa kutikhazikika mbalame. Amakhala m'gawo limodzi, amasankha madera omwe kumatentha kwambiri. Komabe, mwa mbalame zimenezi n'kovuta, koma pena wa migrations misa. Sakhala okhazikika. Ndi kani yosamutsa yaukapolo. Chifukwa chachikulu chakusamukira kumeneko ndi kusowa kwa chakudya.

Pakadutsa zaka kapena nyengo ikasintha, mbalame sizikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Kenako amasamukira m'gulu lankhondo lonse kumalo ena kumene kulibe. Ndithu kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha migrations misa ndi fluctuation chiwerengero cha nyama. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame zoterezi nthawi zina kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zimachitikira kamodzi mu zaka zisanu khumi.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Gwirani chidwi kwambiri kuthawa kuzizira nyengo yachisanu. Izi ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito "zipinda" za chipale chofunda. Amadzikumbira mabowo ang'onoang'ono, pomwe amabisala nthawi yozizira komanso chipale chofewa. Kunja mbalame yekha kufunafuna chakudya.

Grouse amakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango, m'mapiri, patali ndi madzi. Iwo amakhala mapaketi. Ndi mbalame zambiri, malo awo okhala ndiosavuta kupeza ndikung'ung'udza kwambiri. Grouse nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu, makamaka nthawi yakukhwima. Amuna okha ndi amene amasuntha mokweza, ndipo akazi nthawi zina amangochirikiza nyimboyo. Njira mbalame izi moyo zimagwiritsa lapansi. Mbalame zimakwera mitengo kokha chakudya: zipatso, masamba, masamba, ma cones. The grouse wakuda ogona yekha pansi.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: Grouse, ngakhale ali ndi thupi lalikulu komanso kufanana kwambiri ndi nkhuku zoweta, ndi "maphukira" abwino. Mbalamezi zimatuluka mlengalenga mosavuta kuchokera kwina kulikonse. Komabe, grouse wakuda amachira mwamphamvu pansi, ndipo mosadukiza mitengo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

peyala A wa wakuda grouse: Photo

Zimakhala zovuta kuphonya chiyambi cha nthawi yakukhwima mu grouse. Iwo ukasintha kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi isanayambike kutentha choyamba. Pakatikati, grouse wakuda amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika, nthawi zambiri amayimba mokweza. Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa chiyambi chamakono. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'mwezi wa Marichi. N'zosatheka kutchula chiwerengero chenicheni, chifukwa m'madera osiyanasiyana wakuda grouse malo pali zinthu nyengo komanso malo.

Njira zoberekera za nyamazi zitha kufotokozedwa m'magawo:

• yogwira currenting. Pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo ya masika, agogo achimuna akuda amakumana m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, komwe amalankhulana. Mpaka anthu khumi ndi asanu akhoza kusonkhana malo amodzi. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zimatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amuna akhale ndi kumenyana ndi ngakhale zolimbana mwa iwo wokha,
• umuna wa mkazi. Pambuyo amuna, akazi komanso kufika pa malo mating. Pamenepo amatha kudzisankhira bwenzi. Kenako mbalame zimagwirana, ndipo zazikazi zimasiya zazikazi, chifukwa sizofunikira,
• zida zazitsulo. Akazi kumanga zisa zawo pansi, Suli kutali ndi malo mating. Chisa chakuda cha mbewa ndi bowo laling'ono pomwe akazi amayala nthambi zingapo, udzu, masamba, nthenga. Kawirikawiri chisa wamangidwa m'nkhalango ya udzu, lunguzi,
• kugona ndi kumaswa mazira. Mazira amaikidwa ndi akazi m'mwezi wa Meyi. Phukusi lakuda ndiwofalikira. Pa nthawi ina, mkazi akhoza kuyika kwa mazira khumi ndi zitatu. Mazira ali ndi mtundu wowala bwino wa ma ocha ndi ma slots. yaikazi hatches mazira kwa masiku twente-faifi,
• kusamalira anapiye. Wamkazi amayang'aniranso khandalo payekha. Nkhupakupa zimayang'aniridwa ndi amayi awo kwa masiku pafupifupi khumi. Iye amateteza ana ake kwa adani ndi mavuto ena. Nkhuku zimakonda kudya nyama yamtchire: mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo tating'ono, mbozi.

Tchire nkhuku

Mbalameyi, monga abale ake ena onse, ndi a banja la pheasant. Mutha kuwona grouse grouse ku North America. M'nyengo yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalamezo sizingachite manyazi kukhala pa mafamu. Ndi malo amene amatha kupulumuka nthawi wankhanza wa chaka osati ndi mavuto chakudya.

Kukhazikika kwa mtundu uwu wa grouse wakuda ndi nkhokwe zam'mera, malo omwe ali ndi maluwa ambiri olusa. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo mating, kusintha malo awo ndi kusamukira meadows ndi zitsamba wamtali.

Pomanga chisa, mbalame zimadzisankhira madera okhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi komanso ndi udzu wochepa. Kupezeka dziwe pafupi ndipofunika kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino grouse wakuda mwachilengedwe. Izi mitundu anali kutchulidwa Red Book mu 1967 ndipo ankaona pangozi.

Mnzake Wakuda

Izi mitundu ya moyo wakuda grouse mu malo kuyambira pakatikati pa Alaska ku Yukon, kufika Wamkulu m'Chigwa. Miyeso ya mbalameyi ndiyochepa - kutalika sikupitirira 49 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikufika kilogalamu.

Chowoneka mosiyanitsa cha grouse wakuthwa ndi mchira wake, mkati momwe nthenga zimayang'aniridwa, zazitali kuposa zina. Mzere wamtambo wakuda umawonedwa pakati pa maso a mbalameyo. Akazi ndi amuna mulibe kusiyana kwambiri. Mtundu woyamba ndi wosazama pang'ono.

Ndi yabwino mbalame zimenezi kukhala glades ndi udzu otsika kuti thandizo mwaluso kubisa zisa zawo. Ngati grouse wakuda akukhala m'nkhalango, ndiye kuti akudzifunafuna yekha. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamtunda waulimi ndi ma bogi okwera.

Maonekedwe a gule wakuda

Pali kusiyana pakati pa mwamuna ndi grouse wakuda. Amakhala ndi dimorphism pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, pankhaniyi, chilengedwe chachita chilichonse. Onse aamuna wakuda grouse ndi yowala ndipo mitundu wolemera.

Mwambiri, ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuwonedwa kwa maola ambiri. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, mutu wawung'ono pakhosi lalifupi. Unyinji wopindulitsa kwambiri wokhala ndi utoto ungafike mpaka 6.5 kg. M'litali kungakhale kwa mita.

Mkazi Wa Caucasian Wankazi

Maso a mbalame chokongoletsedwa ndi ofiira khungu osati nthenga. Mlomo wa mbalame suchititsa chidwi kwambiri. Pamwamba pake pali bulge. Ndipo mphuno zimakutidwa ndi nthenga. Mapiko aafupi, ali anamaliza.

Mchira wokongola wa amuna ukugwira. Nthambi za mbalame okutidwa ndi nthenga. Zambiri zazimayi ndizosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa amuna. Ndiwosakhazikika ndipo osabisika monga chilengedwe chakunja.

Malo okhala mbalame ndi moyo wawo

Grouse angapezeke mu Palaearctic ndi Neo-Arctic mabacteria. Madera kuchokera ku Pyrenees kummawa kwa Manchuria, maiko a Scotland ndi Mongolia, mayiko a North America, Asia ndi Europe ali ndi mbalame zosangalatsa komanso zowoneka bwino. Ambiri a mtundu wawo angapezeke mu Russia.

Iyi ndi mbalame yokhazikika, koma nthawi yakusamba imakhala yosamala kwambiri poti imangidwe. Pakadali pano, tchuthi wakuda amayesa kupewa nkhalango zowuma, zokhala ndi mitengo yayitali.

Zabwino komanso zabwino kwa iwo mu mitengo ya laimu ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe, komwe nkhalango za birch, minda yokhala ndi chimanga, ndi zipatso zimawonekera. Si kale kotheka kuona mbalame izi steppes lapansi. Koma ndi chitukuko cha ulimi, pang'onopang'ono adachoka pamenepo.

Mbalame kusankha malo zisa zawo. Mwachindunji pa iye mu tchire wandiweyani kapena m'nkhalango za grouse wakuda amathawira. Zimachitika kuti amangogwiritsa ntchito kukhumudwa pansi chifukwa cha izi.

Pankhani yanyumba, udindo wonse umangokhala wa mkazi. Nthumwi za kugonana mphamvu satenga mbali iliyonse mu izi. Kutentha nyumba yomalizidwa, nthenga ndi udzu wouma umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbalame amakonda akukhamukira. Zima grouse kumamatirana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mkazi samusiya wamwamuna nthawi iyi ya chaka.

Mu miyezi kasupe, mbalame adutsa mitengo pofunafuna masamba atsopano ndi mphukira. Ndizosangalatsa kuwawona panthawiyi. The grouse wakuda ngowe ndi yoteroyo kwambiri nthambi ndipo akhoza sag mozondoka kwa nthawi yaitali.

Amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo samazolowera komwe amakhala. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chake pafupifupi chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mitundu ina yawo, chifukwa sizovuta kuti asaka awapeze.

Pangani zatsopano chathandiza chiyambi cha masika. Amasiyanasiyana awiriawiri. pamaso yophukira yophukira imasamalira ana ake, imagubika ndi kuisamalira mosamala. Pafupifupi nyengo yachisanu, mbalamezo zimaberekanso m'gulu la zoweta. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo nthawi zambiri pa mitengo, ngakhale wakuda grouse imatengedwa kukhala pansi mbalame.

Ntchentche zokhala ndi zowuluka bwino kwambiri. Masana iwo kuuluka mumtengo kukafunafuna chakudya, ndi usiku iwo kupita pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, usikuwo amakwera kwambiri matalala, motero amatha kuthawa kuzizira. Pamenepo amatha masiku angapo ngati kutentha kwa mumsewu kumatsika kwambiri. Koma ngakhale zikakhala pansi pa chisanu, mbalame zimasamala kwambiri.

Iwo mwangwiro anayamba masomphenya kumva. Izi zimawathandiza kuyembekezera zoopsa pasadakhale. M'pofunikanso kupanga munthu atalephera kuyenda pa kusaka ndi mukhoza mantha pa grouse zonse wakuda. Mbalame zamantha zimawuluka mwachangu komanso maphokoso, zimayambitsa chipwirikiti kuzungulira.

Mbalameyi ndi yamalonda, motero ting'ono wakuda wokasaka ndi chibwana ankakonda alenje ambiri. Kuchulukitsidwa kwakukulu kotero kunapangitsa kuti mitundu ina yatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo yatetezedwa ndi anthu.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Grouse zakudya osiyanasiyana. Zimatengera nthawi ya chaka komanso malo okhala mbalameyo. Mokulira, kubzala chakudya kumakhala chakudya chake. Mu chilimwe, chakudya cinyama agwirizane. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wake grouse amafunika tizilombo tambiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, amakonda masamba mtengo, zipatso ndi masingano. Grouse wokhala pafupi ndi minda, popanda manyazi komanso mantha, maphwando pazokolola. Izi zimadziwika makamaka m'dzinja, nthawi yokolola. Chimbudzi chokhazikika cha mbalame chimathandizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyala ing'onoing'ono ndi mbewu zolimba.

Ara parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Grouse ndi mbalame mwachilungamo lalikulu mutu waung'ono ndi lalifupi mulomo. Amuna akuluakulu ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi, kutalika kwa matupi awo kumayambira 49 mpaka 58 masentimita, kulemera kwawo kumakhala mulingo wofika 1-1.4 kg, ndipo zazitali kutalika zimafikira 40 mpaka 45 cm, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi 0.7-1 kg.

Zamoyo zazimuna

Wamphongo amakhala ndi maonekedwe akuda amtundu wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira pamutu, khosi, chotupa komanso m'munsi kumbuyo, nsidze zofiira zowala. Dera lam'mbuyomu ndi loyera ndi nthenga zopepuka, zoyera. Nthenga zoyambirira ndi zofiirira zakuda, zokhala ndi "magalasi" - mawanga oyera kumunsi kwa nthenga 1 mpaka 5. "Zozizwitsa" zimatchulidwanso kuposa nthenga zachiwiri. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi wakuda ndi buluu wofiirira kumapeto kwake, nthenga zachitsulo zopindika zimapinda m'mphepete, ndichifukwa chake mchira wa grouse wakuda umakhala wamtambo.

Ziwonetsero zazikazi

Chachikazi chimakhala chamtambo, chofiirira komanso chofiirira. Kunja kumafanana ndi kaboti wamkazi, koma amasiyanitsidwa ndi "magalasi" oyera pamapiko ake ndi kagawo kakang'ono mchira wake. Mkati wamkati ndi zoyera. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi motley wokhala ndi utoto, mtundu wake umakhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga akuda, abulauni achikasu ndi oyera.

Habitat

Kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe, agogo akuda amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri, pamtunda kuchokera 1400 mpaka 1800 m pamwamba pamadzi, ngakhale m'mbuyomu malo ake anali ochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri, grouse wakuda amakonda kukhazikika komwe nkhalango kapena shrub zimaphatikizana ndi malo otseguka, mwachitsanzo, m'mapula, ma coppices, nkhalango, zigwa zamtsinje, m'mbali mwa madambo, madambo ndi malo olimapo. Nthawi zambiri grouse amasankha malo omwe mitengo ya birch imamera.

Couse wakuda wa ku Caucasian (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi)

Kunja, mbalameyo imafanana ndi grouse wamba wakuda, koma imasiyana ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake mchira.

Kutalika kwa thupi laimuna kumayambira 50 mpaka 55 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.5 kg, maula ndi osalala kwenikweni, palibe "magalasi" pamapiko, nsidze ndi zofiira, mchira umapangidwa ndi ma waya. Kutalika kwa chikazi kumayambira 37 mpaka 42 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 0.95 kg, maula ndiwowoneka bwino, ofiira ngati utoto wokhala ndi timadontho timdima.

Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Caucasus ku Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, ndi Turkey. Mbalame imakhala moyo wokhalamo. Amakhala pamalo okwera mpaka 3300 m pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja, amakhala zochepera pang'ono. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma za Rhododendron ndi duwa lakutchire, komanso m'minda yaying'ono yokhala ndi birch ndi juniper.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kuwonetsedwa koyamba kwa kugonana kwamatsenga kwa grouse wakuda ndiko kukula kwakukulu kwa akazi poyerekeza ndi amuna. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa wamwamuna ndi wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira, nsidze ndi zofiira. Tummy ndi ya bulauni, chovala chamkati ndichoyera. Ndipo chachikazi, maula ndiwowoneka bwino, owoneka ndi mikwingwirima ya imvi, achikasu achikuda ndi ofiira.

Chingwe

Ma ntchentche amabadwa ali ndi khungu lowonda ndipo patapita maola angapo amachoka chisa ndikutsatira chachikazi. Masiku 10 oyambirira a moyo wa ana ndi owopsa kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, azimayi amawayang'anira nthawi zonse, amamvera mawu achabe ndipo, pamene chilombo chikafika, chimamuyesa kumbali. Pachifukwa ichi, chachikazi chimayerekezera kuti "chovulazidwa", chimathamanga, ndikufalitsa mapiko ake, kudumpha ndikugundika mokweza. Akamva kulira kwa azimayiwo, anapiyewo amabalalika ndikudikirira kuti ngoziyo ithe. Pakupita masiku 10, grouse amatha kuyambiranso, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi 1 amakhala amphwayi.

Nthawi zonse miseche imapezeka mwa amuna, amabisala komanso amachita mosamala kwambiri.

Voterani

Akazi achikhungu amapanga mawu othamanga a "ko-ko"; kumapeto kwa mbalame amakhala atatambalala. Amunawa amasunthira mokweza ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali, ngozi ikayandikira, amapanga mawu oti "chuu-ish".

Nyimbo yayikulu yamphongo imamveka pokhapokha nthawi yakukhwima, theka lachiwiri la Marichi ndi Epulo. Koma nthawi yachilimwe, yomwe imapezeka mu Julayi, grouse nthawi zambiri imakhala chete.

Zosangalatsa

• Grouse nthawi zambiri imawoneka pamapampu a mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mkazi waku Caucasian akuwonetsedwa ndi ndalama imodzi ya siliva 1 ruble yoperekedwa ndi Bank of Russia pa Okutobala 24, 1995.
• Ku Russia ndi maiko a Scandinavia, agogo wakuda ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri zosaka; kuchuluka kwa mitembo yowombera ndikokulira kwa gawo loyera ndi hazel grouse. Mu zaka zoyambilira za ma 1990, anthu pafupifupi 120,000 a mbalamezi adawomberedwa ku Russia.

Zomera Zosiyanasiyana

Banja la pheasant limakhala ndi mitundu 17, yomwe imapangidwa m'magulu 8 a genera. Izi zikuphatikiza:

· Hazel grouse: kolala, wamba komanso grouse Severtsov,

· Nguluwe zakutchire: Wogulitsa ku Canada komanso wamba wamkazi,

· Kosach ndi Caucasian,

Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika mosiyanitsa mawonekedwe awo.

Utithandiza kwambiri ngati mumagawana nkhani pagulu locheza komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.

Tumizani ku njira yathu.

Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Wokwera wakuda m'chilengedwe otanganidwa kwambiri ndi moyo wamunthu, gwiritsani, kuwonjezera pa nthawi yakukhwima, mapaketi osakanikirana a amuna ndi akazi. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mu phukusi chimakwaniritsa zolinga 200. Pachimake zochitika m'nyengo yotentha ndi m'mawa kwambiri dzuwa lisanalowe. Masana, mbalame zimayenda padzuwa, zikukhala panthambi.

Mbalame zimangokhala. Kwa nthawi yayitali amayenda pansi, mwachangu komanso mosasunthika ngakhale m'nkhokwe zowirira. Pano amapeza chakudya, kuswana ndi kupuma. Angathenso kugona pansi, pansi pa tchire, pamapampu.

Ngati ndi kotheka, nyamukani mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumathamanga komanso kumatha kutha. Grouse imatha kuonedwa ngati dziko komanso mbalame yamatabwa. Amayenda molimba mtima kudutsa mitengo, amakhala usiku pamitu, amakhala molimba ngakhale panthambi zowonda zomwe sizigwirizana ndi kulemera kwawo.

Pofufuza njira, mphete zimatha kupendekera pansi, kwinaku zikugwirira mokakamiza kunthambi.

Grouse wakuda amakhala ndi makutu abwino kumva komanso mawonekedwe, makamaka mu grouse wakuda, omwe ali oyamba kupereka ma alarm alamu. Khalidwe limachita kusamala kwambiri, zikavuta, Kosach imatha kuuluka makilomita angapo. Mtunda wothawa umafika pa 100 km / h.

Moyo wa mbalame umasiyana nyengo ndi nthawi, makamaka kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira. Grouse wakuda nthawi yozizira masana imakhala m'mitengo, nthawi zambiri pamakhoma, ndipo pakuyamba kucha imayamba kubisala pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Popanga mayendedwe ndi malo ogona, mbalamezo zimangolira chisanu. Kukonzekera kwa malo okhala m'chipale chofewa kumatha kukonzedwa mosiyanasiyana, kudzera munjira zowonjezera pang'onopang'ono, kukakamiza manhole ndi mapiko akuya masentimita 50.

Panthawi yozizira kwambiri, kukhala m'misasa kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Grouse imatha kutuluka kuchokera pakudya chipale chofewa kwa maola 1-2. Ngati palibe amene amavutitsa mbalamezo, zimatuluka pang'onopang'ono mumabowo, zimachoka pang'ono kenako nkunyamuka.

Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kusandulika vuto kwa mbalame, kuphatikiza mapangidwe a kulowetsedwa, komanso zopinga zopulumutsidwa mu zisa za chisanu.

Kukhala pansi pa chophimba cha chipale chofewa sikungachepetse kusamala kwa omwe adalowetsedwa ndi makutu abwino. Amamva kalulu akulumphalumpha, ndi nkhandwe ya nkhandwe, komanso kuyenda kwa nyongo. Ngati phokoso likumveka pafupi ndi chinyengo chofiyira kapena chipale chofewa chomwe chimasunthidwa, chovala chakuda chimachoka m'mizereyo ndikusowa msanga.

Pakatikati, pang'onopang'ono nkhosazo zimasweka. Akwati amakonda kutentha ndi mafunde, amakhala mumphepete pafupi ndi m'mbali. Adani ali ndi adani okwanira: ankhandwe ndi maula, nkhumba zamtchire, ankhandwe, amphiri ndi kadzidzi. Gule wamiyendo inayi komanso yamafuta anayi ndi chakudya chokoma.

Kutulutsa kwakulu kwambiri kwa mbalame ndizachidziwikire, kuloledwa ndi munthu. Osaka, ataphunzira mtundu wamtundu wosamala koma nthawi yomweyo mbalame zowoneka bwino, amatha kutenga ana onse nthawi imodzi. Zochita zachuma: zokopa alendo, kuyika misewu ndi mizere yamagetsi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo owotcha - kumakokomeza akwati akuda kuchokera m'malo awo.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Chapakatikati, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba ndipo grouse zapano m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, komwe amakhala mwanjira yomweyo. Alenje akudziwa bwino kulira kwa amuna. Nthawi zambiri anthu 10-15 amawasonkhanitsa pompopompo, koma ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, mitu ya 3-5 imakhala pafupipafupi.

Kutalika kwa zomwe zachitika pakadali pano kumakhala pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Juni. Pomaliza adasokoneza ndikuyamba kusungunuka kwa mbalame.

Mkazi wakuda - chithunzi chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe, kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera m'mabuku. Mbalame zokongola moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa chilengedwe chokongola ndi nyimbo zosefukira zimapanga kolowera yotentha, yomwe imamveka nyengo yabwino kwa 3 km.

Zisa zimakonzedwa mu wakuda grouse awiri pansi pogona nthambi. Awa ndi maenje ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, udzu, mbewa ndi nthenga. Yaikazi imagwira mazira 6-8 payokha kwa masiku 22-23. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali posamalira ana. Amuna ndi amodzi.

Chisa chokhala ndi dzira chagona modalirika chimayang'anira galuyo. Amasunthika mochenjera, akuwuluka mchisa ndikukakola nyamayo kulowa m'nkhalangomo, ndipo amabwerera kumata. Mwana wamphesa wa grouse amapita kwina kwodalirika.

Grouse ndi mayi wabwino, ndipo amateteza ana ake mozizira kuti asazizidwe ndi adani. Pambuyo pa sabata, kukula kwachichepere kumayesa kuuluka, ndipo patatha mwezi ndi theka, moyo wodziyimira umayamba.

Mu nthawi yophukira, nthawi yokonzanso zinthu imayamba, koma osati yogwira monga masika. Milandu ya madzi oundana ku Mongolia nthawi zambiri imadziwika, koma izi ndi zachilengedwe. Mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi kukhala ndi moyo wopatsa chiyembekezo ali ndi zaka 11-13.

Mu chithunzicho chisa chakuda cha mazira

Kusaka grouse wakuda

Kusaka Grouse Wakuda - Zakale, yemwe adadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndi njira zitatu zazikulu:

• mothandizidwa ndi kanyumba,
• kuchokera ku njira
• kuchokera pakhomo.

Zinyalazi zimamangidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chokulirapo ndipo nthambi sizili kutali ndi tsamba lodziwika bwino lomwe. Kusaka kumafuna kukhala nthawi yayitali munyumba komanso nyongo yayikulu, kuti asaopseze mbalamezo pamalo ake.

Black grouse yofikira ogwidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena pawokha. Ntchito yalenje ndikuyandikira pafupi kwambiri panthawi ya nyimbo yake. Ngati pali mbalame zambiri, ndiye kuyesera kamodzi kosapambana kuthawitsa gule wakuda aliyense. Chifukwa chake, njirayi imachitika kwa anthu pawokha.

Kusaka komweku kuchokera pakhonde kumafuna kuyandikira pa kavalo kapena bwato kupita kugombe lomwe lasankhidwa kuti limwe. Kusaka kwa grouse m'dzinja Nthawi zambiri imanyamulidwa ndi agalu, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala ndi mbalame zokutaira. Choyika chokhazikika imagwira ntchito ngati chinyengo kwa achibale omwe awona pa nthambi za chiwalo.

Okonda zachilengedwe ambiri amadziwa za grouse wakuda, mawonekedwe ake, osalimbikira kusaka ndi maphikidwe okha, momwe angaphikire grouse wakuda, komanso kusunga mbalame yokongola komanso yogwira nkhalango iyi ya ku Russia.

Ndi mbalame yankhokwe bwanji

Ino ndi mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi mlomo wamfupi komanso mutu yaying'ono. Tikayerekeza wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ndiye woyamba ndi wamkulu kukula, poyerekeza ndi wamkazi. Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumatha kufika 58 cm, ndipo kulemera mpaka 1.4 kg. Yaikazi imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 45, kulemera mpaka 1 kg. Mitundu ya nthenga za mbalameyi imawonetsera kugonana. Wamphongo wakuda wamkazi amakhala ndi nthenga zakuda zonyezimira, zokhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira kapena wofiirira pafupi ndi mutu, wotsika kumbuyo, goiter ndi khosi. Ma eye ama grouse amakhala ofiira owala.

Nthenga nthenga zake ndi zofiirira zakuda, zokhala ndi mawanga oyera pansipa. Kuwala kwamphamvu kumaonekera pa nthenga za gawo lachiwiri. Nthenga za mchira womwe ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda ndi buluu wofiirira kumapeto. Nthenga zopambanitsa zomwe zimayenda ngati mkondo zimapinda mbali, mchira wakuda wakuda unapangidwa.

Mitundu ya nthenga zachikazi imapindika, ya mtundu wofiira wokhala ndi mikwaso imvi, komanso yofiirira wakuda ndi wachikaso. Kunja, akuwoneka ngati wamkazi wachikazi. Kusiyana kwake ndi mawonekedwe oyera pamapiko ndi fossa yaying'ono pamchira. Nthenga pansi pa mchira ndi zoyera. Agogo achikuda akuda ali ndi maula okongola, mtundu wake umakhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwaso ya chikasu-chofiirira komanso chakuda chakuda, komanso choyera.

Mkazi wakuda

Malo okhala nthenga izi ndi malo opondera, nkhalango zokhazikika ndi nkhalango za ku Eurasia, kuchokera ku Britain Isles ndi Mapiri a Alpine kumadzulo kupita ku Korea Peninsula ndi Ussuri Territory kummawa. Kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe, mbalame zimakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri, pamalo okwera mpaka 1800 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Koma m'mbuyomu, malo awo anali okulirapo m'derali. Nthawi zambiri grouse wakuda amakhala m'malo omwe mumapezeka zitsamba ndi nkhalango zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi malo otseguka. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigwa cha mitsinje, nkhalango yosowa, pamphepete. Ambiri grouse wakuda amakonda masamba a birch.

Anthu ambiri amafunsa: grouse wakuda wosamukira kapena ayi? Itha kutchedwa mbalame yoyendayenda kapena yokhazikika. Ndege zake nyengo yake zimakhala zosakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya nthawi yozizira, komanso kusintha kwa mbalame.

Momwe mbalame zimasungira

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, iyi ndi mbalame yamitala. Amuna a Vesta amakhala pamayendedwe, mapiri atchire ndi tokuyut. Amathamangitsa mwamphamvu, kufuula, kusuntha. Pakadali pano pafupifupi amuna 15. Izi amapita mpaka milungu iwiri. Amuna onse ali ndi malo apadziko lapansi. Sakonda kukwera mitengo. Pakati pawo, amuna ndi achiwawa, akumenya, kuthamangitsa akazi. Pambuyo pa chochitika ichi, zazikazi zimabwera ku thupi, ndikusankha zamphongo. Akakhwima, wamkazi amamanganso chisa; Kulera ana anapiye kumachitika motsogozedwa ndi mkazi.

Amapanga chisa pafupi ndi pomwepo. Awa ndi bowo laling'ono pansi, wokutidwa ndi masamba akale, udzu, nthenga. Chidacho chimakhala pafupi m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, pansi pa juniper, birch, kapena lunguzi. Pakati pa Meyi, chachikazi chimayala mazira, ndipo ana oyamba amawonekera mwezi. Mazira mu clutch nthawi zambiri amakhala mpaka zidutswa za 9. Ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wowala. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 25.

Ana amatambasulira m'nthaka, ndipo patapita maola ochepa ndikusilira kuchokera mchisa, ndikutsatira mkaziyo. Masiku oyamba anapiye ndi owopsa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zazikazi zimaziyang'anira mosalekeza, zimamvetsera phokoso lakunja, ndipo zikagulitsidwa, zimatsogolera adani kutali ndi anapiye. Kuti asocheretse nyama yomwe imadya, imayeserera ngati mbalame yovulala, imatambasulira mapiko ake, ikufuula mokweza, kudumpha. Nkhuku zimamva kulira kwa amayi awo ndikubalalika kuti zibisike kwa adani awo. Pakatha masiku 10, anapiyewo ayamba kale kuuluka, ndipo mwezi ukatha kuuluka. Pakadali pano, amuna amalowa. Nthawi yomweyo, amabisala ndikukhala ochenjera.

Ndimachita chidwi ndi grouse wakuda

M'mayiko ambiri, mbalame yakuda ya grouse imawonetsedwa pamasitampu. Maonekedwe a Caucasus a mbalameyi akuwonetsedwa ndi ndalama yapamwamba, yopangidwa ndi Siliva, yopangidwa ndi Bank of Russia mu 1995. M'mayiko a Scandinavia ndi Russia, grouse wakuda wakhala mbalame yodziwika kwambiri yosaka. Kuchuluka kwa mitembo yomwe imadutsa ndi kwa hazel grouse ndi parridge yokha. Ku Russia, mu 90s, pafupifupi mitunda pafupifupi 2000 ya mitembo ya akuda yakuda idapangidwa chaka chilichonse.

Grouse sitha kutchedwa mbalame yosamukira. Amakhala komwe adabadwira. M'nthawi yozizira, amadziimba yekha m'chipale chofewa ndipo amagona m'mapanga okumbika. Mapazi ake, zala zake zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zosavuta kuzungulira chipale chofewa.

Makhalidwe

Grouse imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame pamtunda. Kwambiri pa moyo wake ali padziko lapansi, chipale chofewa. Komabe, kugwa kumatha kukwera mitengo. Grouse amathamanga mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Panthambi za mitengo, amakhala omasuka komanso opanda chidaliro, ngakhale nthambi zowonda. Grouse adagawidwa ku North America, Eurasia. Kummwera chakum'mwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa North America kulibe mbalame zotere. Amapanga zisa zawo ngakhale m'mphepete mwa Greenland. Ambiri a iwo ndi okhala m'nkhalango. Mitundu ina imakhala mu zitsamba, pomwe ina imatha kulekerera ngakhale kuzizira mu tundra kwa Arctic.

Grouse amakonza masewerawa oyambira. Pakati pa mbalamezi pali ma polygams ndi monogamy. Yoyamba yaiwo imayenda m'magulu. Pakadali pano, amuna amawulukira kumalo apadera komwe amachita miyambo yovuta ndi mawu apadera ndi mawonekedwe. Zidole za grouse zimapangidwa mwachindunji pansi. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi maenje ang'onoang'ono okutidwa ndi nthenga ndi udzu.

Ma grouse akuda ndi ofunikira pakusaka masewera, koma pakadali pano mitundu ina ili mu Buku Lofiyira. Akanena kuti awa ndi mbalame zakale, malingaliro oterewa ndi olakwika. Grouse ndiye banja laling'ono kwambiri la nkhuku, koma lambiri kale, ndipo lili ndi mitundu 19.