Takaha, kapena sultanka yopanda mapiko (Porphyrio hochstetteri) - mbalame yopanda kuwuluka yomwe ili pangozi, ili ku New Zealand.
Takache ndiye membala wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la Rallidae (ng'ombe). Mbalame yosauluka iyi, pafupifupi kukula kwa nkhuku, imakhala ndi matupi otalika pafupifupi masentimita 63, yokhala ndi miyendo yofiyira yolimba, mlomo wofiirira wofiirira wambiri ndi maula okongola abuluu. Zachikazi za mbalameyi zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.3, zazimuna kuyambira 2.4 mpaka 2.7 kg. Sitha ili ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono omwe sagwiritse ntchito ndege, koma amayenda mosayenda nthawi yakukhwima.
Masamba ndiwo malo oyamba a takah, koma popeza anthu adawasandutsira malo okhala, a takah adakakamizidwa kusamukira kumapiri a mapiri, chifukwa chake amakhala m'matanthwe otentha kwambiri chisanayambe chisanu, ndipo nyengo yozizira imatsikira m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba zoyambira.
Mbalamezi zimadyera udzu, mphukira zaudzu ndi tizilombo, koma pamaziko a chakudya chawo ndi masamba a Chionochloa ndi mitundu ina ya mapiri ndi udzu ndi tizilombo. Amatha kupezeka akudya masamba a Dantonia chikasu, ndikugwira phesi ndi thumba limodzi, mbalame imangodya gawo lofewa, enawo amaponyedwa kunja.
Takaha ndi amodzi, i.e. pangani ma banja angapo. Kuti kubereketsa ana, mu Okutobala, chisanu chikayamba kusungunuka, amapanga zisa zazikulu kuchokera ku udzu ndi nthambi zofanana ndi mbale. Clutch ikhoza kukhala ndi mazira amodzi kapena atatu owonekera, pomwe patatha masiku 30 anapiye. Makolo onse awiri amawaswa mazira, kenako amagawana maudindo odyetsa ana. Ndizachidziwikire kuti mwana wankhuku imodzi yokha mu clutch ndiyomwe imakhalako nthawi yozizira yoyamba. Koma kupulumuka kwa nyamazo kumathandizidwa ndi kuti Takha amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zazitali, chifukwa nthawi yayitali yomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 14 mpaka 20.
Nkhani ya kupezedwa kwa takache ndi yosangalatsa: asayansi omwe adaphunzira za chikhalidwe cha ku New Zealand adanenanso mobwerezabwereza nkhani zochokera kwa nzika zanyumba zodabwiza - mbalame yokhala ndi maula owala, koma popeza palibe amene anali ndi mwayi kuwona patatenga moyo, adaganiza kuti nkhanazi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe kuchokera nthano zakomweko.
Komabe, mu 1847, Walter Mantell adatha kupezabe mafupa a mbalame yayikuru yosadziwika m'mudzi wina. Zitachitika izi, adayesanso kangapo kuti apeze Takha, ndipo ena mwaiwo adachita bwino: ofufuzawo adatha kugwira mbalame yamoyo. Koma, popeza fanizo lomaliza lomaliza la takaha lidagwidwa mu 1898, pomwe zidatayika mbalamezo, zidaphatikizidwanso m'ndandanda wazinyama zomwe zidasowa.
Kungoti mu 1948, kuthamangitsidwa kwa Geoffrey Orbella kunali mwayi kupeza gulu laling'ono la takahi pafupi ndi Lake Te Anau. Vomerezani kuti pambuyo poti "kuuka kwa akufa" mbalameyi imatha kutchedwa mbalame ya ku New Zealand - phoenix.
Pakadali pano, mndandanda uli pachiwopsezo, popeza uli ndi ochepa kwambiri, omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono. Kutha konse kwa mbalamezi kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo: kusaka kwadzaoneni, kutayika kwa malo okhala komanso zoseweretsa zidachita nawo gawo. Atatsegulanso, boma la New Zealand lidapanga malo ena apadera ku Fiordland National Park kuti asungire takahe, ndipo malo opangira mbalame zosowa nawonso adapangidwa. Mu 1982, chiwerengero cha anthu a takahe chinakwana anthu 118 okha, koma chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zachilengedwe, ziwerengero zawo zinakwera mpaka 242.
Kuti muzitsatira kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono, kulumikizidwa kovomerezeka kwa tsamba la UkhtaZoo ndikofunikira.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Anthu ambiri okhala m'tchire amakhala pachilumba chatsopano ku New Zealand, chomwe chili m'mphepete mwa Nyanja yokongola ya Te Anau, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumbachi. Oimira omaliza amtunduwu adapezeka pano. Pulogalamu yofuna kubereketsa nyama, maulendo ena asanu anawonekera m'ndende, pomwe mbalamezo zinayamba kubereka bwino. Awa anali zilumba zomwe anthu sadabweretse zilombo. Gulu laling'ono la takahe pachilumba cha Mana nthawi zambiri limachezeredwa ndi okonda zachilengedwe komanso alendo kukaona mbalame zodabwitsazi. Zitha kuwonedwa mozungulira Wellington. Takaha imapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za pachilumbachi, nthawi zina zimakhala zazitali kumapiri, m'malire ndi matalala. Malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi bango loti mabango, momwe amapangira njira zawo mothandizidwa ndi manja awo akuluakulu komanso amphamvu. Okongola amayenda molimba mtima m'madzi osaya, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale amasambira.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Takache ndiye membala wamkulu kwambiri wabanja lankhumba. Kutalika, mbalame zimafika masentimita 63, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu ndi makilogalamu 2.7, ngakhale mwa anthu ena amatha kupitirira 4.5 kg. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, Takha amayenera kunena zabwino kuti athe kuuluka. Mapiko ake ndi autali wabwinobwino, koma minyewa ya keel ndi chifuwa sichimakhazikika, motero mbalame zimakhala pansi moyo wawo wonse pansi. Zambiri zodzitengera ndizokongola kwambiri - buluu wakuda ndi emerald tint. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, yofiyira, ngati mtanda. Mawonekedwe a mulomo ali ngati mtanda wopingasana: malekezero akuwombana, akumatsata wina ndi mnzake.
Moyo
Takaha amasankha kwambiri zakudya. Chakudya chomwe mumakonda ndi udzu, womwe umamera m'malire a chipale chofewa. Takache amadya gawo lokhika kwambiri, nataya ena onse. Pakakhala palibe udzu womwe umakonda, umasinthira mphukira zazing'ono ndi tizilombo. Mukasungidwa muukapolo, chinthu chodabwitsa chimawonedwa: mbalame zimadya zomwe sizikhala zachikhalidwe chawo - nyama ya nyama zina.
Takache ndi nyama yokhala chete, pokhapokha pamavuto iye amafuula koopsa. Pakukhwima, anyani aamuna amapanga mawu osamveka kwambiri, omwe anyaniwo amayankha ndi sil-ka-heh yachitatu, yomwe mwina adatipatsa dzina.
Chakudya Chokondedwa cha Takache - Grass Yofewa
Zingwe zimamangidwa kwambiri, kuchokera kuzomera zowuma, monga lamulo, zimakhazikitsidwa pansi pa tchire ndipo zimakhala ndi khomo ngati mumsewu. Akazi amayikira mazira awiri, nthawi zina atatu. Masabata awiri oyamba, anapiye omwe akutuluka amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zoterezi zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira kuti zikule. Pambuyo pake, amasinthana ndi zakudya zamasamba. Makolo onse awiri amabweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye.
Nthawi zambiri, mwana wakhanda mmodzi yekhayo amakhala ndi moyo, ndipo mwana wakhanda wazaka zitatu safika 40% ya ana. Ndilo gawo la takache biology lomwe limatsimikiza kuti ngakhale pansi pazinthu zabwino kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumakula pang'onopang'ono.
Chochititsa chidwi
Mwa mitundu ya Maori, mbadwa za New Zealand, pali mayina awiri amtunduwu: "takake" ndi "mogo". Anayamikiradi mbalameyo chifukwa cha nthomba zake zachilendo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Anthu a ku Europe sakanatha kudziwa mtundu umodzi wokha wamtunduwu, chifukwa chake samangoona ngati nthano chabe za anthu wamba. Zotsalira ndi khungu la mbalame imodzi ndi zomwe zidatilola kuti tiwatsimikizire. Zina lake la Latin hochstetteri lidalandira mawonekedwe osamveka bwino polemekeza wofufuzayo wotchuka ku Australia ndi ku New Zealand - Pulofesa Ferdinand von Hochstetter.
Takaha akuwonetsedwa pandalama imodzi yokwana dollar imodzi ku New Zealand, ndalama zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti "kiwi" - polemekeza mbalame ina yosauluka ku New Zealand, dzina lodziwika bwino mdzikolo.
Mu Buku Lofiyira
Pambuyo pophunzira patache kumapeto kwa XX century. nyamayi idawonedwa kuti yatha zaka 60. Mu 1948 kokha, mbalame zidazindikiranso kuthengo. Atangopeza chisangalalochi, akuluakulu a ku New Zealand anasintha gawo lawo kukhala malo osungiramo nyama kuti nyanjayo isawonongeke panthawiyi. Malo osungirako anthu ogwidwa anamangidwa pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi, ndipo patadutsa zaka zochepa atapangidwa, mbalame yoyamba idamasulidwa kuthengo. Choopseza chachikulu cha Takhe ndikulephera kupikisana pa chakudya ndi mitundu yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi anthu ndikufalikira mwachangu pachilumbachi. Kuti achepetse mpikisano wa omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano, agwape 17,000 adawomberedwa kumalo osungirako. Mpaka pano, ndi mbalame 225 zokha zomwe zatsalira zachilengedwe, komabe, kuchuluka kwake kwayamba kale, zomwe ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa oteteza zachilengedwe.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Mu 1849, gulu la osoka ku Duska Bay linakumana ndi mbalame yayikulu yomwe anagwira kenako idadya. Walter Mantell mwangozi anakumana ndi osaka ndipo adatenga khungu la mbalame. Anazitumiza kwa abambo ake, katswiri wa ma paleont Gideon Mantell, ndipo anazindikira kuti anali Notornis ("mbalame yakumwera"), mbalame yamoyo, yomwe imangodziwika chifukwa cha mafupa ake a fossil, omwe m'mbuyomu ankawaganizira kuti satha. Anapereka zolemba mu 1850 pamsonkhano wa Zoological Society of London.
Kanema: Takache
M'zaka za zana la 19, azungu adapeza anthu awiri okha achikufi a Sashi. Malingaliro amodzi adagwidwa pafupi ndi Lake Te Anau mu 1879 ndipo adagulidwa ndi State Museum ku Germany. Anawonongedwa pa bomba lomwe linali ku Dresden pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mu 1898, wachiwiri adagwidwa ndi galu wotchedwa Grubaya, wa a Jack Ross. Ross anayesa kupulumutsa mkazi wovulalayo, koma anamwalira. Kopeyo adagula ndi boma la New Zealand ndikuyika chiwonetsero. Kwa zaka zambiri anali chiwonetsero chokha chowonetsedwa kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Chochititsa chidwi: Pambuyo pa 1898, malipoti a mbalame zazikulu zobiriwira zobiriwira anapitilizabe kulandira. Palibe zomwe zatsimikizidwa zomwe zingatsimikizidwe, choncho takaha adawonongedwa.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, zodabwitsidwazo zidapezekanso m'mapiri a Murchison pa Novembala 20, 1948. Matchuthi awiri adagwidwa koma adabwelekera kuthengo zitangojambulidwa ndi mbalame yatsopanoyi. Kufufuzanso kwina kwa amoyo ndi kuzimiririka kwa takahas kunawonetsa kuti mbalame za ku North ndi South Islands zinali mitundu.
Maganizo a North Island (P. mantelli) amadziwika ndi Maori ngati mōho. Adamwalira ndipo amangodziwika kuchokera kuzotsalira za mafupa ndi imodzi mwa zitsanzo. Mōho anali aatali komanso oonda kuposa takahē, ndipo anali ndi makolo wamba. Takaha, wokhala pachilumba cha South, akutsika mzere wina, ndikuyimira kufalikira kwatsopano komanso koyambirira kwa New Zealand ku Africa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi ma takache akuwoneka bwanji?
Takache ndiye membala wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la Rallidae. Kutalika kwake konse kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 63, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi 2.7 kg mwa abambo ndi 2,2 kg mwa akazi pamlingo wa 1.8-4.2 kg. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Ndi mbalame yotsika, yolimba yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi yolimba komanso mulomo wawukulu kwambiri womwe umatha kubala popanda kupweteka. Ichi si cholengedwa chokhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza mbalame kukwera m'malo otsetsereka.
Zowonjezera za takha, mulomo ndi miyendo yake zimawonetsa mitundu ya gallinul. Zowonjezera za munthu wamkulu takha ndizosalala, zopanda chidwi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda bii kumutu, khosi, gawo lakunja la mapiko ndi gawo lotsikira. Mapiko am'mbuyo ndi amkati ndi obiriwira amdima komanso obiriwira, ndipo mchira wake umakhala wobiriwira. Mbalame zili ndi chikopa chofiyira cha kutsogola ndi "milomo ya carmine yokonzedwa ndi mithunzi yofiirira." Manja awo ndi ofiira owala.
Pansi pali zofanana. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono. Anapiyewo amaphimbidwa ndi utoto kuyambira pa buluu wakuda mpaka wakuda mpaka kuwaswa ndipo ali ndi miyendo yayikulu yofiirira. Koma amapeza msanga mtundu wa achikulire. Makina a takahas amakhala ndi mtundu wachikale cha utoto wautoto, wokhala ndi mulomo wakuda womwe umakhala wofiyira akamakula. Kugonana kwamanyazi sikuonekera kwenikweni, ngakhale abambo amakhala akulu kwambiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe tukha akuwonekera. Tiwone komwe mbalameyi imakhala.
Kodi Hathe amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Takache Mbalame
Porphyrio hochstetteri wafika ku New Zealand. Zinthu zakale zimasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri zinali zofala ku North ndi South Islands, koma "zitapezeka kwatsopano" mu 1948, mitunduyi idangopita kumapiri a Murchison ku Fjordland (pafupifupi 650 km 2), ndipo mbalame 250-200 zokha, Population inatsika mpaka kukhala yotsika kwambiri mu 1970s ndi 1980s, kenako kuyambira 100 mpaka 160 mbalame pazaka 20 ndipo poyamba amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimatha kubereka. Komabe, chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi mahomoni, mu 2007-2008 chiwerengerochi chidatsika ndi oposa 40%, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2014 adafika anthu osachepera 80.
Zowonjezeredwa ndi mbalame zochokera kumadera ena zidachulukitsa chiwerengerochi kufika pa 110 pofika chaka cha 2016. Ntchito yobereketsa anthu ku ukapolo inayambitsidwa mu 1985 ndi cholinga chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti asamukire kuzilumba zopanda nyama. Pafupifupi chaka cha 2010, njira yolerera agalu idasinthidwa ndipo anapiyewo adaleredwa osati ndi anthu, koma ndi amayi awo, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi moyo.
Masiku ano, anthu omwe asamukira kudziko lina amapezeka zilumba zisanu ndi zinayi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Chilumba cha Mana
- Tirithiri Matangi,
- Cape Sangment,
- Chilumba cha Motutapu,
- Tauharanui ku New Zealand,
- Kapiti,
- Chilumba cha Rotoroa
- Taruhe likulu ku Burwood ndi malo ena.
Ndipo kupatula apo, kumalo amodzi osadziwika, komwe kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kukhala ndi achikulire 55 mu 1998 chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwawoko ndi mitengo yowonjezereka yolumikizana ndi msana wa kubadwa kwa akazi a awiriwa. Chiwerengero cha zilumba zina zazing'ono tsopano zitha kufalikira. Anthu okhala ku Mainland amatha kupezeka pama malo a msipu ndi zitsamba za kumapiri a subalpine. Anthu okhala pachilumbachi amakhala m'malo odyetserako ziweto.
Kodi takha amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Takahe Cowgirl
Mbalame imadyanso udzu, mphukira ndi tizilombo, koma makamaka awa ndi masamba a Chionochloa ndi mitundu ina ya mapiri. Takache amatha kuwoneka atakhomera tsinde la chipale chofewa (Danthonia flavescens). Mbalameyi imatenga chomeracho bulawu limodzi ndikumangodya mbali zotsika kwambiri, zomwe ndizakudya zomwe amakonda, ndikuponyera zina zonse.
Ku New Zealand, kudya mazira a takaha ndi anapiye a mbalame zina zazing'ono zinajambulidwa. Ngakhale kuti izi sizikudziwika kale, ma sultans okhudzana ndi nthata nthawi zina amadya mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zina. Mitundu ya mbalamezi imangokhala malo odyetserako zipatso zam'mapiri kumtunda ndipo imadyedwa kwambiri ndi timadziti kuchokera pansi pa udzu wa chipale chofewa komanso amodzi mwa mitundu ya fern rhizomes. Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za zolengedwa mosangalatsa zimadya udzu ndi chimanga chobwera kuzilumbazi.
Zakudya zabwino za takah zikuphatikiza:
Takache amadyanso masamba ndi masamba a Chionochloa rigida, Chionochloa pallens ndi Chionochloa crassiuscula. Nthawi zina amatenga tizilombo, makamaka tikamakula anapiye. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalame - masamba a Chionochloa. Amatha kuwoneka akudya mapesi ndi masamba a Dantonia chikasu.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Takaha amagwira ntchito masana ndikupumula usiku. Amakhala ndi kudalirana kwakukulu komwe kumachitika, kuwombana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriawiri kumachitika pakulowerera. Izi si mbalame zakuuluka zomwe zimakhala pansi. Moyo wawo udapangidwa wodzipatula ku New Zealand Islands. Malo okhala Takache amasiyanasiyana kukula kwake ndi kupindika. Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri kwa gawo lomwe anthu amakhala ndi kuchokera ku 1.2 mpaka 4.9 ha, ndipo kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka anthu okhala m'malo okhala chinyezi.
Chochititsa chidwiMitundu ya takache ndiyotengera mwanjira ina kuthekera kwina kosawuluka kwa mbalame za pachilumba. Chifukwa chakukhazikika kwawo komanso zachilendo, mbalamezi zimathandizira zachilengedwe za anthu omwe akufuna kudziwa mbalame zosowa kwambiri kuzilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Takaha imapezeka m'dera la mapiri a alpine, pomwe imapezeka kwambiri chaka. Imakhalabe m'malo odyetsa mpaka matalala akuwonekera, pambuyo pake mbalamezo zimakakamizidwa kutsikira kunkhalango kapena kuthengo. Pakadali pano, palibe zambiri zokhudzana ndi momwe mungalumikizire mbalame za Takha wina ndi mnzake. Zizindikiro zooneka ndi zamtambo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbalamezi mukamakula. Matchuthi amatha kubereka kumapeto kwa chaka chawo choyamba, koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba mchaka chachiwiri.Mbalame za Takache monogamous: maanja amakhala limodzi kuyambira zaka 12, mwina mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Takache Mbalame
Kusankha okwatirana kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo za chibwenzi. Duet ndi kugwedeza khosi, amuna ndi akazi, ndimakhalidwe ambiri. Pambuyo pa chibwenzi, mkaziyo amakakamiza mwamunayo, ndikuwongolera kumbuyo kwa mwamunayo, ndikutambasula mapiko ake ndikutsitsa mutu wake. Wamphongo amayang'anira kukongola kwa mkazi ndipo amayambitsa kukopa.
Kuberekanso kumachitika pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu ya New Zealand, kutha nthawi ina mu Okutobala. Banjali limakonza chisa chakuya ngati mbale yamiyala yaying'ono ndi udzu pansi. Ndipo yaikazi imayikira mazira 1-3, omwe amaswa pakatha masiku 30 osabereka. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupulumuka yomwe akuti idapulumuka, koma pafupifupi mwana wamkazi m'modzi yekha ndi amene adzakhale wamkulu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi moyo wabanja la takah kuthengo. Malinga ndi zomwe ananena, amatha kukhala kuthengo zaka 14 mpaka 20. Ali mu ukapolo kufikira zaka 20.
Mapake okhala awiriawiri pa chilumba cha South, pomwe samapanga mazira, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyandikana kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, magulu awiri otaika nthawi zambiri samawonedwa limodzi pakubala, chifukwa chake anthu amaganiza kuti mbalame imodzi imakhala chisa. Zikazi zimaswa nthawi yayitali masana, ndipo zazimphanda zimagona pakati pausiku. Zowonekera pambuyo pokoka zikusonyeza kuti akazi onse amakhala nthawi yayitali kudyetsa ana. Achichepere amadyetsedwa mpaka atatsala pang'ono miyezi itatu, pambuyo pake amayamba kudziimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a takache
Chithunzi: Takahe Cowgirl
Takaha analibe zodyera zanyumba m'mbuyomu. Anthu atsika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa anthropogenic, monga kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kusaka ndikukhazikitsa omwe amadyera ndi mpikisano wa zinyama, kuphatikiza agalu, agwape ndi agwape.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuzunza kwambiri:
- anthu (homo sapiens)
- agalu am'nyumba (C. lupusiliaris),
- mbawala yofiira (C. elaphus),
- ermine (M. erminea).
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbewa zofiira ndi mpikisano waukulu wa chakudya, pomwe ena amatsutsa. Kugawidwa kwa nkhalango ku Pleistocene wa post-glacial kunathandizira kuti malo okhala atheretu.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa anthu kutenga asanafike aku Europe zidafotokozedwa ndi Williams (1962). Kusintha kwanyengo ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha takahé kupita ku Europe. Kusintha kwachilengedwe sikunalowemo popanda kufunikira kwa takahe, ndikuwononga pafupifupi onse. Kupulumuka pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana sikunali kovomerezeka kwa gulu la mbalamezi. Takake amakhala m'madambo a mapiri, koma nthawi ya postglacial idawononga zigawo izi, zomwe zidapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, nzika zaku Polynesia, zomwe zinafika zaka 800-1000 zapitazo, amabwera ndi agalu ndi makoswe aku Polynesian. Ndipo adayambanso kusaka mwamphamvu Takha kuti adye, zomwe zidayambitsa kutsika kwatsopano. Malo okhala ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 19 adatsala pang'ono kuwaononga powasaka ndi kuyambitsa zinyama, monga agwape, omwe amapikisana pa chakudya, komanso olusa (mwachitsanzo, a ermines), omwe amawasaka mwachindunji.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi ma takache akuwoneka bwanji?
Chiwerengero chonse masiku ano chikuyerekezeredwa ndi mbalame 280 zokhwima zomwe zimakhala ndi ana pafupifupi 87 oswana. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikusintha pafupipafupi, kuphatikizaponso kutsika kwa 40% chifukwa choloseredwa mu 2007/08. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adalowetsedwa kuthengo chakhala chikukwera pang'onopang'ono ndipo asayansi akuyembekeza kuti tsopano chikhazikika.
Mtunduwu udalembedwa kuti uli pangozi chifukwa uli ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pulogalamu yamakono yobwezeretsa ikufuna kupanga anthu odzikwaniritsa ndi anthu opitilira 500. Ngati chiwerengero chikupitilira kuchuluka, izi zipangitsa kuti lisinthidwe kukhala mndandanda wazovuta za Buku Lofiyira.
Kutha pafupifupi kwathunthu kwa zomwe zinali zofala kale chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:
- kusaka kwambiri
- kutayika kwa malo
- anayambitsa zilombo.
Popeza mtunduwu umakhala nthawi yayitali, umaswana pang'onopang'ono, zimatenga zaka zingapo kuti ufike kukhwima ndipo uli ndi gulu lalikulu, lomwe lafupika kwambiri pamibadwo yocheperako, kuvutika maganizo kwa inbred ndi vuto lalikulu. Ndipo kuyesayesa kwamtunduwu kumasokonezedwa ndi kuchepa kwa mbalame zomwe zatsala.
Kusanthula kwa ma genetic kunagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha zoweta kuti zisunge kwambiri mitundu. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zoyambira kwanthawi yayitali chinali kupanga anthu okwanira 500 kuti adzikwaniritse. Kumayambiriro kwa 2013, chiwerengerocho chinali anthu 263. Mu 2016, idakula mpaka 306 takah. Mu 2017, mpaka 347 - 13% kuposa momwe zidalili chaka chatha.
Alonda a Takache
Chithunzi: Red Book Takache
Pambuyo pakuwopseza kuti adzawonongedwa, Takha tsopano atetezedwa ku Fiordland National Park. Komabe, mtunduwu sunakhalepo wokhazikika. M'malo mwake, anthu aku Takhi omwe adatulukira adapeza anthu 400, kenako adatsika ndi 118 mu 1982 chifukwa cha mpikisano ndi wogulitsa kunyumba. Kutsegulanso kwa takahé kudadzetsa chidwi chachikulu kwa anthu.
Boma la New Zealand lidachitapo kanthu mwachangu potseka gawo lakutali la Fiordland National Park kuti mbalame zisasokonezeke. Mapulogalamu ambiri obwezeretsa mitundu adapangidwa. Zoyesayesa zabwino zidayesedwa kusamutsa ma taka ku "malo achitetezo achilumba", ndikuti adawasungitsa. Pamapeto pake, pafupifupi zaka khumi, palibe chomwe chinachitika chifukwa chosowa ndalama.
Pulogalamu yapadera ya njira yakhazikitsidwa kuti ichulukitse anthu osamala, omwe akuphatikizapo:
- Kukhazikitsa chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri cha adani
- kubwezeretsa, ndipo m'malo ena kukhazikikamo kofunikira malo,
- kuyambitsa zilumba zazing'ono zomwe zitha kuthandiza anthu ambiri,
- kukonzanso kwa mitundu, kukonzanso. Kulengedwa kwa anthu angapo kumtunda.
- kubwezeretsa kwa ogwidwa / kuswana
- kudziwitsa anthu pochulukitsa mbalame zakugwera kuti ziwonetse pagulu komanso kuchezera zilumba, komanso kudzera pazofalitsa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwakuchepa kwa anthu komanso kufa kwa anapiye azilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Kuwunikira mosalekeza kumathandizira kuwunika momwe mbalame zikuwonekera ndi zipatso zake, komanso kuchititsa maphunziro a anthu ali ku ukapolo. Kukula kofunikira mu kasamalidwe kunali kutsata mwamphamvu kwa agalu kumapiri a Murchison ndi madera ena osamala.
Kusintha kumeneku kwathandizira kukulitsa chipambano cha kubereka. takache. Kafukufuku waposachedwa cholinga chake ndikuyeza momwe vuto la ermine limasinthira ndipo, kuthetsa vutoli ngati ma erm ndi nkhani yayikulu yomwe ikufuna kasamalidwe.