Zikafika ku Africa, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'mutu mwathu ndi nyama zamtchire. Africa ndi malo okhala nyama zamtchire ndipo zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama kuposa dziko lina lirilonse la dziko lapansi, chifukwa cha malo ake akuluakulu okhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa malo otentha. Pali malo angapo okhala ku Africa, kuyambira kumapiri amvula otentha mpaka kumapiri a savannah mpaka kuchipululu chouma cha Sahara, komwe kumakhala nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Africa, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi malo omwe moyo wa munthu unabadwira, ndi malo omwe nyama zambiri zodabwitsa padziko lapansi, komanso zomwe zili pangozi.
Dziko lachi Africa lili ndi malo okhala kwambiri pamapaki. Ku Africa kuli ambiri a iwo kuposa kulikonse padziko lapansi. Pofika chaka cha 2014, mapaki 335 adziko pano, momwe mitundu yoposa 1,100 ya zinyama, mitundu 100,000 ya tizilombo, mitundu 2,600 ya mbalame ndi mitundu 3,000 ya nsomba ndiyotetezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Africa ili ndi malo osakira mazana, malo osungirako nkhalango, malo okhala m'madzi, malo osungirako mayiko ndi malo achilengedwe.
Serengeti National Park
Kusamukira kwa Zebra mu Serengeti National Park.
Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania ndi amodzi mwa nkhokwe zakale kwambiri komanso zotchuka kwambiri ku Africa. Pakiyo ndi yotchuka kwambiri kusamukira kwanyengo mamiliyoni a nyama zamtchire kuphatikiza mazana masauzande amphaka, mbidzi, zotsatiridwa ndi nyama zodya nyama, zomwe ndi zina mwazosangalatsa padziko lapansi. Kusunthika kwakukulu, komwe ndiulendo wamtunda wamakilomita 1000, kumachitika malo abwino kwambiri, pamtunda wopanda udzu wokhala ndi zidutswa zazitali zamiyala yamiyala yomwe imapinda mitsinje ndi nkhalango. Pakiyo ilinso ndiubwenzi wina wosangalatsa kwambiri komanso wosiyana kwambiri ndi nyama zomwe amadana nazo kwambiri komanso amawazunza padziko lapansi.
Serengeti National Park ili pa malo a ma kilometre 12,950 ndipo ndi amodzi mwa chilengedwe padziko lapansi.
Masai Mara National Reserve
Masai Mara National Wildlife Refuge ili ku Narok County, Kenya ndipo ndiye kumpoto kwa Serengeti National Park. Amatchedwa a Masai omwe amakhala kudera lino. Malo osungirako amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mikango, nyalugwe ndi akambuku, komanso kusuntha kwapachaka kwa mbidzi, mbidzi za Thomson ndi zimbudzi kupita ndi ku Serengeti Park, zomwe zimachitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Okutobala, ndipo zimadziwika kuti Great Migration.
Malo otetezera nyama zakuthengo a Masai Mara ndi ochepa, komabe, ndi malo okhala nyama zakuthengo modabwitsa. Malo osungirako zinyama ndi pafupifupi 95 amitundu, zolengedwa zam'madzi ndi zokwawa ndi mitundu yopitilira 400 ya mbalame. Oimira nthumwi za Big Five (njati, njovu, nyalugwe, mikango ndi mberezo) zitha kupezeka palipaki, komanso nyalugwe, nyalugwe, ziphuphu, agira, anthambo, zimbudzi, zibulu, aguluguwa, agwape, mbidzi, mvuu ndi ng'ona m'mtsinje wa Mara ( Mara River).
Chithunzi chojambulidwa chamtundu wamiyendo yonyansa chikutsatira mbidzi zingapo kutsogolera ku Masai Mara.
Bwindi Loweruka Kugwera Dziko Lonse
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda ku East Africa. Pakiyo imakhala pamtunda wamakilomita 331 nkhalango yamitengo yankhalangoyi, ndipo monga dzinalo likunenera, limangofikira ndi phazi. Pakiyo ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Albertine Rift Valley, ndipo ili ndi chilengedwe chambiri, mwina ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri yamitengo chifukwa cha kutalika kwake konse ku East Africa. Apa mutha kuwona nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo agulugufe angapo am'modzi komanso magulu amodzi olemera kwambiri ku Africa. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Bwindi Impassable Forest National Park ndi pafupifupi theka la anthu okhala m'mapiri padziko lapansi, mwatsoka, ndi 340 okha omwe atsalira.
Gorilla wam'mapiri m'malo otetezedwa a Bwindi.
Amboseli National Park
Amboseli National Park ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri ku Kenya. Ili kumpoto chakumwera kwa dziko lino kumalire ndi Tanzania, ndipo imapereka chithunzi chimodzi chooneka bwino kwambiri cha Mount Kilimanjaro (Kilimanjaro) ndi nsonga yake ya mita 5985, yayitali pamwamba pa mapiri. Amboseli National Park imakopa alendo makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu yayikulu ya njovu, koma nkhalangoyi ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amadyera ngati mkango, nyalugwe ndi kambuku.
Njovu imadutsa mumsewu wamdothi ku Amboseli National Park. Kumbuyo kwake kuli Mount Kilimanjaro.
Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park ndi amodzi mwa malo osakira kwambiri mu Africa komanso amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi malo okhala ma kilomita 19,485. Komanso ndi paki yoyamba ku South Africa, yomwe idatsegulidwa mu 1926, ngakhale kuti malowo ndi achitetezo m'boma kuyambira 1898. Malo oteteza zachilengedwe ku Kruger National Park ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zazikulu kuposa malo ena aliwonse osakira ku Africa, kuphatikiza oimira "Big 5" - mikango, nyalugwe, njovu, ndulu, ndi njati.
Malo Odyera a Chobe
Chobe National Park ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Botswana, pafupi ndi malire ndi Zambia, Zimbabwe ndi Namibia ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi njovu zodabwitsa kwambiri. Akuyerekeza kuti pali njovu pafupifupi 50,000, mwina njovu zotsogola kwambiri ku Africa ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la njovu zomwe zikupulumuka. Nthawi yabwino kukaona Chobe ndi nthawi yachilimwe kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, pamene zipululu zimaphwa ndipo nyama zimasonkhana pafupi m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo, kuti zizikhala zosavuta kuzizindikira.
Makanda a njovu m'dera la Serondela, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Chobe, mu Chobe National Park.
Etosha National Park
Etosha National Park ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Namibia. Ili ndi malo okwana ma kilomita 22,270 ndipo idatchedwa dzina lalikulu kuchokera ku Etosha sopo yayikulu yamchere, yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi kotala ya Etosha National Park. Pakiyo ilipo mitundu mazana ambiri a zinyama, mbalame, ndi zokwawa, kuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yosowa komanso yokhala pangozi monga njuchi zakuda.
Dera lamchere la Etosha limakhala pamalo okwana ma kilomita 4800 ndipo lidapangidwa zaka 16,000 zapitazo.
Central Kalahari Game Reserve
Central Kalahari National Hunting Reserve, yomwe ili m'chipululu cha Kalahari ku Botswana, imakhala ndi malo a ma kilomita 52,800, omwe ali pafupifupi kukula kwa chigawo cha Massachusetts, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale malo osakira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malo osakira amenewa amadziwika ndi mapiri otseguka, malo amchere ndi mabedi amtsinje wakale. Malo osungirako malo ake ndi ambiri, okhala ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono okutidwa ndi zitsamba ndi udzu, amenenso amakula pamiyala yamchenga, komanso m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yayikulu. Nyama zakuthengo monga mapira, mbawala zofiirira, warthog, cheetah, agalu amtchire, nyalugwe, mkango, buluu wamtchire, canna, oryx, antelope wokhala ndi nyanga komanso njovu zofiirira amakhala m'malo osungirako.
A Bushmen akhala ku Kalahari kwazaka zambiri, ndipo anthu awo adachokera ku Stone Age. A Bushmen akadali pano, ndipo amayendayenda m'maderamo osaka osaka.
Achi Bushmen ochokera ku Kalahari.
Nchisar National Park
Nchisar National Park ndi paki yaying'ono yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita 514, pamalo okongola kwambiri a chigwa chomwe chili pakati pa nyanja ziwiri. Kummawa, pakiyo ili m'malire a kumapiri a Amaro, omwe amatalika pafupifupi mamitala 2,000; kumpoto kwake kuli madzi ofiira a Nyanja ya Abaya, omwe amakhala pamalo a ma kilomita 1,070. Kummwera kwake ndi Nyanja ya Chamo, nyanja yaying'ono yokhala ndi madzi oyera omwe ali pamtunda wamakilomita 350. Kum'mawa kuli mzinda wa Arba Minch, womwe ndi mzinda waukulu kumpoto kwa Omo. Madera apakati omwe ali pakati pa nyanjayi ndi kumapiri a Amaro (Amaro) kuchokera kutali akuwoneka oyera, omwe anali gwero la dzina la Nechisar kapena "udzu woyera".
Malo oteteza zachilengedwe otchedwa Nechisar National Park ndi malo ofunika kwambiri okhala ndi mbalame, makamaka zomwe zimasamukira. Zamoyo zazikuluzikulu za mbalamezi, agulugufe, mbalamezi, zamoto komanso chiwombankhanga chokhala pamenepo zimakhalako.
Malo a Ngorongoro Conservation
Malo a Ngorongoro Conservation ali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tanzania. Pakatikati pake pali Ngorongoro Crater, phiri lakale lomwe linaphulika ndi kugwa. Malo otsetsereka a crater tsopano ndi malo achilengedwe a nyama zamitundu zambiri zomwe zimakhala pano. Kudutsa pamphepete mwa nkhondoyi, anthu a Chimasai amadyetsa ziweto zawo m'zidikha, zikuwoneka kuti zilibe chidwi ndi gulu la nyama zamtchire zomwe zikugawana nawo gawo lalikulu ili. Derali ndilofunikanso kwambiri pakufufuza zakomwe munthu adayambira, popeza zina mwa zidutswa zakale zoyambirira za anthu zidapezeka pano, kuphatikiza zomwe anthu ali ndi zaka 3.5 miliyoni.
Onani Ngorongoro kuchokera mkati mwa cratori.
Nyanja mkati mwa Ngorongoro Crater.
Victoria Falls National Park
Victoria Falls National Park ili kuseri kwa Victoria Falls, pa mtsinje wa Zambezi, pamalo pomwe malire a Zimbabwe ndi Zambia. Mulinso ma tambala angapo, omwe zaka zambiri zapitazo anali magawo amadzi.
Serengeti National Park
Kusamukira kwa Zebra mu Serengeti National Park. Gwero la chithunzi.
Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania ndi amodzi mwa nkhokwe zakale kwambiri komanso zotchuka kwambiri ku Africa. Pakiyo ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kusamukira kwanyengo mamiliyoni a nyama zanyama zamtchire, magulu masauzande zikwizikwi ndi mbidzi, komanso nyama zosaka nyama zomwe zimazisaka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Kusunthika kwakukulu, komwe kumapitilira ma kilomita 1000 paulendo wozungulira wapachaka, kumadutsa malo okongola kwambiri omwe ali ndi miyala yayikulu komanso malo osaya osawoneka bwino okhala ndi mitsinje yowoneka bwino komanso mitsinje yosiyanasiyana. Paki iyi ndi imodzi mwamipando yayikulu kwambiri komanso yosiyana siyana padziko lapansi.
Serengeti National Park imakhala ndi malo a ma kilomita 12,950 ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwachilengedwe.
Masai Mara National Reserve
Masai Mara ndi malo osungirako dziko la Kenya a Narok County. Imadutsa Serengeti National Park, ndipo idalandira dzinalo polemekeza anthu a Chimasai omwe amakhala m'maderawa. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa mikango, nyalugwe ndi nyalugwe, komanso kusuntha kwapachaka kwa mbidzi, mbidzi za Thomson ndi zimbudzi, zomwe zimatumizidwa kumalo ano chaka chilichonse kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala kuchokera ku Serengeti. Mwambowu umadziwika kuti "kusamuka kwakukulu."
Masai Mara amakhala mdera laling'ono, koma apa mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwazinyama zamtchire. Malo osungirako zinyama ali ndi mitundu 95 ya zinyama, am'madzi, zolengedwa komanso mitundu yopitilira 400 ya mbalame. Nyama Zisanu Zikuluzikulu (njati, njovu, nyalugwe, mikango ndi ma rhinos) zili palipaki. Kambuku, nyalugwe, mbidzi, mbalambande, zonyansa, dambo, anyani, agalu, njati, mbidzi, njovu, mvuu ndi ng'ona zimayandikira pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Mara.
Chithunzi cha mlengalenga cha gulu la zouluka kutsatira mbidzi zingapo zotsogola ku Masai Mara. Gwero la chithunzi.
Malo oyimilira dziko lonse la Africa.
Pafupifupi 4% (pafupifupi 1,170,880 sq. Km.) M'gawo lonse la Africa mudatetezedwa ndi 1990. Pongola - malo oyambilira achilengedwe ku Africa, adakhazikitsidwa kale mu 1894 ku South Africa, ngakhale posachedwa, malo ambiri omwe asungirako masiku ano awonekera.
862 940 sq. km ya kontinenti, malinga ndi International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Natural (IUCN), imatetezedwa kwathunthu, ndipo siyikupatula ntchito zilizonse zakumigodi ndi nkhalango.
Pamabwalo awa pali mapaki amtundu (pomwe alendo amaloledwa pokhapokha atasintha pang'ono), zipilala zachilengedwe, malo osungira ndi zokopa zina.
Chitetezo chochepa chimafikira mpaka pa 307,940 mita lalikulu. km, izi zikutanthauza kuti m'magawo lino malo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira malo ochezera komanso alendo ndi mitundu ina ya migodi.
Pali madera ambiri otetezedwa mu Africa monse, koma malo okongola kwambiri komanso ochulukirapo amapezeka Kumwera ndi Kum'mawa kwa Africa, ndipo ena mwa iwo akuti UNESCO ndi cholowa chapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zachikhalidwe.
Bwindi National Park
Bwindi National Park ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda ku East Africa. Imakhala pamtunda wamakilomita 331 nkhalango ndipo, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, mutha kufika pamalopo pokhapokha. Ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Albertin Rift Valley, pakiyo ili ndi zachilengedwe zambiri ndipo mwina ndi mitundu ikuluikulu kwambiri yamitundu yonse ku East Africa. Ilinso ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo agulugufe angapo omwe ali ndi vuto komanso imodzi mwa magulu olemera kwambiri ku Africa.
Ku Bwindi, pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi okhala ndi mapiri, omwe, mwatsoka, ali ndi anthu 340 okha.
Mountain Gorilla ku Bwindi National Park. Gwero la chithunzi.
Amboseli National Park
Amboseli National Park ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri ku Kenya. Ili kumpoto kwa dzikolo, m'malire ndi Tanzania. Pakiyo ili ndi chimodzi mwazithunzi ndi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa Mount Kilimanjaro. Amboseli amakopa alendo makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu yayikulu ya njovu, ngakhale kuti panjayo imakhalamo anthu ambiri omwe amadyera, mwachitsanzo, mikango, nyalugwe ndi nyalugwe.
Njovu imadutsa mumsewu wamdothi ku Amboseli National Park. Kumbuyo kwake kuli Mount Kilimanjaro. Gwero la chithunzi.
Masai Mara, Kenya
Visa : zofunikira, zojambulidwa ku embass kapena pa intaneti, chindapusa - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : kuchokera ku Nairobi pagalimoto pafupifupi maola 5-6 (patsamba la pakiyo mutha kubwereketsa SUV ndi woyendetsa $ 250-350 / ≈ 16,700 - 23,000 ruble patsiku.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera munthu wamkulu - $ 70 (≈ 4,700 rubles), kwa mwana - $ 40 (≈ 2,700 rubles).
Hotelo pafupi : Camp ya Enkolong Tents, kuyambira 6790 rub./usiku awiri.
Masai Mara Park ndiodziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa ndi akambuku ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Palinso mimbulu, mikango, mapiri akuda, ndi mvuu zimatha kuwonedwa pamitsinje ya Mara ndi Talek. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe amafunikira pakati pa alendo, popeza njira zosamukira nyama zanyengo zina zimadutsa gawo lake.
Nthawi yabwino yochezera paki ndi kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Okutobala: nthawi imeneyi, kusamukira kumakhala kogwira ntchito kwambiri. Chilala chimalowa mkati mwa miyezi yozizira - nthawi yabwino yowonera feline. Mu paki mutha kupanga mayendedwe a balloon (mtengo pa munthu wamkulu - kuchokera ku $ 400 / ≈ ma ruble 27,000) - mukathawa simudzawona nyama zokha, komanso maonekedwe abwino a Mtsinje wa Mara.
Ngorongoro, Tanzania
Visa: chikufunika, chimapangidwa pa eyapoti pofika, ndalama zake ndi $ 50 ((3400 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : pa ndege yamagetsi yakumaloko kuchokera ku Kilimanjaro (kuchokera ku $ 165 / ≈ 11,000 ruble) kapena Arusha (kuchokera $ 100 / ≈ 6,700 rubles) kupita ku Manyara (nthawi yoyenda ndi ola). Kuchokera ku Manyara, maola awiri pagalimoto kapena kuchokera ku Arusha pagalimoto pafupifupi maola anayi, kubwereketsa magalimoto - kuchokera $ 50 / tsiku (≈ 3400 rubles).
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - $ 50 (≈ 2400 rubles) pa munthu patsiku (maola 6). Ngati mungakhale motalikirapo, ndiye kuti mudzalipira zowonjezera tsiku lina. Polowa pakiyo pagalimoto muyenera kulipira $ 200 ina (≈ 13,500 rubles).
Hotelo pafupi : Africa Safari Glamping Manyara, kuyambira 2599 rub./usiku awiri.
Pakatikati pa Ngorongoro National Park ku Tanzania ndi chigwa chachikulu kwambiri ndipo ndi makilomita oposa 20, omwe adapangidwa zaka pafupifupi 2,5 miliyoni zapitazo. Muyenera kubwera kuno osachepera kuti muwone amodzi mwa anthu akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo penyani njuchi zakuda ndi zoyera zomwe zili pangozi.
Mvuu ndi njovu zimapezekanso m'malo osungira nyama. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, paulendo mudzachitira umboni momwe mimbulu, akambuku ndi mikango zimasakira mbidzi ndi mbawala. Pakhomo la pakiyo, kuofesi yamabokosi, samalani: anyani akulumpha mozungulira alendo amapita kukaba matumba ndi makamera.
Chuma Cha Dziko Lonse Lapansi.
Madera otetezedwa 601 omwe ali ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 1000, muli ku Africa. Mwa Komiti Yapadziko Lonse Yachuma, 26 mwa iwo aphatikizidwa m'ndandanda wovomerezeka wa World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity.
Zinthu zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mndandandandawu zikuyimira "kufunika kwakukulu kwa kufunika kwa dziko lapansi" chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale, zinthu zachilengedwe kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zonsezi.
Malo A Heritage Padziko Lonse koyambirira kwa zaka 80. Zazaka zapitazi, Serengeti National Park idalengezedwa limodzi ndi malo oyandikira a Ngorongoro Conservation Area chapakati komanso kumpoto kwa Tanzania.
Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Algeria, Tassili Ager wophatikiza zipilala zachikhalidwe komanso zikhalidwe zachilengedwe ndizinthu zina pa mndandanda wa World Heritage. Phiri la mwala uwu, chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa miyala, kwamkaka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amadziwika chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera.
Asayansi apeza zitsanzo za luso la mphanga pamitundu iyi, yomwe imasungidwa bwino. Pazaka 10,000, zaka za zojambulazo ndizotsimikizika, nyengo ya Sahara nthawi imeneyo inali yamvula, ndipo udzu wokoma udakula m'dera lachipululu pano.
Eddo, South Africa
Visa : nzika za Russian Federation sizofunikira.
Momwe mungakafikire : Eddo Park ili kumwera kwa South Africa, 70 km kuchokera ku Port Elizabeth. Simungathe kufikira malo osungirako anthu onse; muyenera kugulaulendo pa malo osungira pakiyo kapena kubwereka galimoto ku Port Elizabeth (kuchokera ku $ 90 / ≈ 6000 rubles patsiku).
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera munthu wamkulu - $ 20 (≈ 1350 rubles) patsiku, kwa ana - $ 10 (≈ 670 rubles). Mutha kufika paki kuyambira 7:00 mpaka 19:00.
Hotelo pafupi : Adaphatikizanso Catering, kuyambira 2799 rub./usiku awiri.
Eddo National Park ndi mecca kwa okonda njovu. Pakiyo idapangidwa mu 1931 ndi cholinga chosungira anthu ambiri aunyama ku Africa. Kenako analipo 11 okha, tsopano alipo opitilira 600. Kuphatikiza njovu, njati, nyalugwe, mikango, mapiri amakhala pakapaki, ndipo anamgumi akum'mwera ndi asodzi oyera kumbali ya m'madzi.
Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana njovu kuchokera mgalimoto kapena kuchokera papulatifomu pabwaloli la Spekboom. Nthawi yabwino yoyendera ndi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Awa ndi miyezi youma, pomwe oimilira nyama zamtchire amapita kukathirira kumalo komwe alendo amatha kuwonera.
Huange, Zimbabwe
Visa : kwa nzika za Russian Federation visa imaperekedwa m'malire, chindapusa cha visa $ 30 (≈ 2,000 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : Kuchokera pa njanji ya Victoria Falls ndi sitima ya $ 12 (≈ 800 ruble) kupita ku station ya Dete (pafupi ndi paki ya dziko), ndiye kubwereka galimoto, mtengo kuchokera 80 $ (≈ 5400 rubles) patsiku.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - $ 20 (≈ 1340 rubles) patsiku.
Huange Park imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri ku Zimbabwe, komanso yodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Africa pankhani ya zinyama. Paulendowu mumatha kuonera milalang'amba, mikango, mbidzi, nyani, anyani.
A Huange amadziwika kuti akukhazikitsa polojekiti yokweza anthu akunyumba ndi agalu amtchire aku Africa. Mokwanira, mitundu ya nyama pafupifupi 1000 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 400 ya mbalame imakhala mumkhalangomo. Mutha kuyang'ana nyama kuchokera pagalimoto kapena kuchokera pamawonekedwe owonera.
Mapaki a Kruger ndi Bwindi National Park ku Africa
Malo okalamba kwambiri zachilengedwe ku Republic of South Africa komanso malo ena akuluakulu kwambiri osungirako zachilengedwe ku Africa.
Ili ndi dzina la S.J.P. Kruger - Purezidenti wadziko lino kuyambira 1880 mpaka 1900, yemwe anali woyamba kuyika malingaliro popanga malo osungirako ndi cholinga choteteza nyama zakuthengo ndikuletsa usaka. Pambuyo pake, mu 1926, paki yoyamba yadziko lonse yakhazikitsidwa patsamba la nkhokwe.
Paki imadziwika chifukwa cha mbiri yakale - pamalopo idapeza mitundu yakale ya anthu - munthu wowoneka bwino - zaka 500 zapitazo, mabwinja okhalamo, malo oposa 100 okhala ndi zojambula m'mapanga.
Nyama zamtchire zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa 150 zimakhala kudera la Kruger Park, kupendekera kwawo kuno ndiye kokwezeka kwambiri kuzilumba. Pakiyo ilinso mitundu pafupifupi 420 ya mbalame.
Mtundu wamasamba pano ndi wodziwika bwino wa savannah wokhala ndi chivundikiro chaching'ono.
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Kruger ku Africa amaphatikizapo mapaki angapo achinsinsi, monga Mala Mala. Mawonekedwe ake ndiulendo wokonzedwa mwaluso. Chilichonse ndichokhazikika komanso choyesedwa pano, palibe kutuluka kwakukulu kwa alendo. Ntchitoyi ili pamlingo wapamwamba. Zokhazo zoyipa ndizokwera mtengo.
Bwindi - National Park pamalo okwera mtengo okhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda okhala ndi malo 330 lalikulu mita. km pafupi ndi malire ndi Congo. Mpumulo wamapaki ndi wamapiri, nthawi zina wosalala, pali mitsinje ingapo yaying'ono.
Kwenikweni, gawo la Bwindi ndi nkhalango yosawerengeka.
Nyengo pano ndiyofanana ndi nkhalango - yotchulidwa otentha.
Dongosolo lachilengedwe la paki lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu okhala pano:
- nyama - mitundu pafupifupi 150,
- mbalame - mitundu 350,
- agulugufe - mitundu 200.
Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu cha Bwindi ndi anyani am'mapiri, pafupifupi theka la anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi pano amakhala pano.
Zomera zam'derali ndizosangalatsanso - mitundu yoposa 200 yazomera. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya fern yokha.
Kumpoto kwa Africa.
M'mayiko ambiri kumpoto kwa Africa mpaka zaka 60 za XX zapitazo kunalibe malo osungirako. Mu 1884, ku Tunisia kokha boma lidachita ntchito zamatchire, ndipo pambuyo pake ziletso zakusaka zidayambitsidwa. Ndipo ku Algeria mu 1923 paki yoyamba yaku North America idavomerezedwa.
Masiku ano, mapaki amtundu ku North Africa adapangidwa kuti ateteze mitundu ina ya nyama. Mwachitsanzo, mu paki yamtundu wa Taza - Berber macaques, park ya Tubkal, pakati pa mtunda wa High Atlas ku Moroko - oimira mapiri a mapiri, m'malo a Tener ndi Air ku Nigeria - miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yosowa kwanyengo.
M'malo am'mphepete mwa dera lino, malo angapo apangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pagombe la Mauritania - Ban d'Argen ndi madambo pomwe mbalame miliyoni zimatha kuzizira. Malo osowa kwambiri a Berber ndi ma caracals amapezeka pamalo onyowa omwewo ku paki yaku Algeria ya El Qala.
Kudula mitengo mwachisumbu komanso kudyetsa kwambiri komanso chilala m'malo opezeka pachidikha cha Sahel zidawononga kwambiri chilengedwe cha kumpoto kwa Africa. Izi zidakulitsanso nkhondo, kuphatikiza ku Algeria, komwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pantchito yomenyera ufulu wawo wa 1952 - 1962. Kuzindikira kufunika kwa kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe kukukula limodzi ndi kufunikira kwa ntchito zokopa alendo kuti zitukule mayiko awa.
Nakuru, Kenya
Visa : zofunikira, zojambulidwa ku embass kapena pa intaneti, chindapusa - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : khomo lolowera paki ili kumwera kwa Nakuru: msewu wochokera ku Nairobi pagalimoto ndi 170 km, pafupifupi maola atatu, mtengo wake umachokera ku $ 80 (≈ 5400 rubles) patsiku.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - $ 80 (≈ 5360 rubles).
Hotelo pafupi : Jumuia Guest House Nakuru, kuyambira 3899 rub./usiku awiri.
Chinthu chachikulu choti mubwere kupaka ndi magulu akuluakulu a pinki flamesos (ambiri a iwo kuyambira Julayi mpaka Marichi). Amakhala kunyanja yaku Nakuru. Mbalame zikwizikwi zikauluka m'mlengalenga, chithunzicho chimakhala chodabwitsa - khazikitsani kamera yanu.
Kuphatikiza pa ma flames, agulugufe otuluka chikasu, azikanda oyera, ndi azitsamba amakhala pano.
Mukamayendayenda mu paki mutha kuwona mbidzi, milezi, buffalos, nyalugwe, ndulu, mikango. Onetsetsani kuti mukukwera phiri la Menengai (lalitali kuposa mita 2000) kuti musangalale ndi malo okongola. Muthathanso kupita ku mathithi a Thompson mathithi 75, omwe ali pamtunda wamakilomita 60 kuchokera kunyanjayi.
West ndi Central Africa.
Mu gawo limodzi lokhala ndi anthu ambiri - West Africa, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwapangitsa kuti gawo lalikulu la nkhalango zamvula zam'madzi nthawi yomweyo, ndi chifukwa chake mitundu yambiri.
Zaka zoposa 100, mpaka 90% ya nkhalango ku Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria ndi Côte d'Ivoire zidadulidwa chifukwa chodula mitengo. Ngakhale m'nkhalango za Tai National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, kupha nsomba, kufufuza kwa golide ndi kukolola matabwa kukupitirirabe. Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe m'maiko angapo akuyang'ana mwachangu njira zabwino zachilengedwe zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa za anthu ovutika nthawi zambiri.
Mu 1979, Kampeni idakonzedwa mkati mwa dongosolo la Mountain Gorilla, cholinga chake chinali: kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulemu wapaderadera kwa chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri ndi Rwanda.
Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 1980 ku Rwanda adawonetsa kuti madera ena a Volcanoes National Park, komwe amakhala anyani apadera, sangafune kugwiritsa ntchito oposa theka la alimi aku Rwanda kuti apange minda kumeneko.
Pafupifupi midzi yonse inali yosangalala, kutsimikizira nzika zakomweko kuti zikufunika kupulumutsa gorilla, makamaka, ndikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa nyama izi kuti zipangitse imodzi mwazigawo zazikulu zogwirira ntchito mdziko muno - zokopa alendo.
Kafukufuku yemweyo mu 1984 adawonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako zofunafuna zaulimi anali atatsika kale ndi 18%. Chiwerengero cha gorilla chinayamba kuchuluka pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za 80s, koma m'ma 90s. kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala pankhondoyo komanso nkhondoyo kunachepetsa zoyesayesa zonse zakale.
Etosha, Namibia
Visa : nzika za Russian Federation sizofunikira.
Momwe mungakafikire : ndi ndege yochokera ku Windhoek kupita ku Ondangwa (pafupifupi $ 200 / ≈ 13,400 ruble), ndegeyo imatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndiye pagalimoto, yomwe ingabwereke ku eyapoti, mtengo wake umachokera ku $ 60 (≈ 4000 rubles) patsiku.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - kuchokera $ 6 (≈ 400 ma ruble) patsiku.
Hotelo pafupi : Mudzi wa Etosha, kuyambira 10 190 rub./usiku awiri.
Ku Etosha National Park padzakhala mwayi wowonera nyama zakunja pamalo okuthilira - pali malo ambiri osungira pano. Mwachitsanzo, malo owala amaikidwapo Nyanja ya Okauquayo - njovu ndi ma rhinos amatha kujambulidwa ngakhale usiku. Koma mikango, mapira ndi ankhanira zimabwera ku Namutoni. Nthawi yabwino yoyendera ndi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Disembala.
East Africa
Ndizovuta kuteteza ndikuyang'anira malo osungirako nkhalango, ndipo si aliyense amene amaloledwa kuwona nyama kumeneko. Chifukwa chake, ku Africa, zachilengedwe zotchuka kwambiri mu savannah - malo otentha omwe ali ndi mitengo yosawerengeka.
Ma carnivores onse (nyalugwe, mikango, akambuku) ndi herbivores (zipinjiri, agwape, njovu, njati, agira, mbidzi, mbawala, ndi zina zotere) ku savannah yaku East Africa.
Ankhandwe omwe amakhala mu savannah, agalu amtchire ndi ma hyenas amadyera zovunda. Makamu a alendo okaona malo amakopeka ndi mitundu yamitundu iyi. Ku Kenya mu 1990, ndalama zokopa alendo zidakwana madola 467 miliyoni aku US, zomwe zimaposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse ziwiri zotumizira mdziko muno - tiyi ndi khofi.
Mu 1990, IUCN idalemba mndandanda ku Kenya wa malo otetezedwa okwanira 36, kuphatikiza malo atatu otetezedwa ofotokoza mbiri yakale ndi mbiri yakale, malo atatu azithunzithunzi zam'madzi ndi malo osungirako nyama 16 azikuluzikulu.
Tsavo Park ili m'mphepete mwa msewu wa Nairobi-Mombasa. Paki iyi ndiyodziwika chifukwa cha njovu zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri; dera la Tsavo Park ndi 20,807 mita. km
Nairobi National Park, ili pamtunda wa makilomita 6 kuchokera ku likulu la Kenya, malo osungiramo malowa ndi malo okhaokha. km., koma ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe otere, pamtunda wake pakiyo mumakhala nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mikango, nyalugwe ndi nyalugwe komanso malo achilengedwe.
Osatinso zokopa alendo zomwe zimapangidwa ku Kenya ku Tanzania, komabe, kuthekera kosungirako ndi malo mdziko muno ndi kwakukulu. Ku Tanzania, kuli mapaki akulu akulu 6 (kuphatikiza pa Ngorongoro Crater ndi Serengeti yodziwika bwino) ndi malo ena osungirako nyama omwe malo adzayimiridwire kupezeka posachedwa.
Serengeti - Malo osungirako nyama kumpoto kwa Tanzania, omwe ndi amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lapansi. Ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 320 kuchokera ku Arusha, pamalo okwera mikono 910 mpaka 1820 m pamwamba pa nyanja, dera lake ndi mahekitala 1.3 miliyoni. "Serengeti" mchilankhulo cha Chimasai amatanthauza "mapiri osatha".
Serengeti yochokera ku malo onse osungidwa ku Africa ndi yoyamba pa kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe imakhalamo. Zoposa zoposa 1.5 miliyoni za nyama zazikuluzikulu, makamaka zopanda mafuta, zimakhala m'malo osungirako.
Pafupifupi mitundu 35 ya nyama imatha kuwoneka pano, kuphatikiza "Big 5" - nyalugwe ndi mikango, njovu, mvuu ndi njati. Mwa nyama zina - ndulu, agwape, mbidzi, Thomson ndi Gulu la agwape, mphukira, akambuku, afisi, ng'ona, anyani ndi anyani ena, komanso mitundu yopitilira 500 ya mbalame - agwape-yabiru, flamingo ndi ena.
Ngorongoro - volcano ya chithokomiro yomwe yasowa, mpaka 2338 m kutalika, ili pafupi ndi kumadzulo kwa Razlomov Zone, kumpoto kwa Tanzania, kumalire ndi Kenya. M'mphepete mwa makhoma a m'mphepete mwa mapiri pamalire mabwalo otambalala okhala ndi tchire ndi udzu.
Kufalikira mozungulira Ngorongoro Crater, malo osungirako malo ali pafupifupi mahekitala 800, atalandira kale udindo wa International Conservation Zone ndi Biosphere Reserve, kufunikira kwake kwachulukanso.
Kuderali kudali gawo la Serengeti National Park, koma monga malo amakwaniritsa ntchito ziwiri - kusamalira zachilengedwe, kuteteza zofuna ndi chikhalidwe cha fuko la Amasai, lomwe limadyetsa ng'ombe, mbuzi ndi nkhosa.
Malo osungirako nyama ndi malo otetezedwa ndi Ngorongoro, omwe ndi amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Malo ake onse ndi 264 km 2, kuya - 970 mpaka 1800 m, kutalika 22 km. Makoko awiri owonongeka ali kumpoto chakumadzulo, imodzi mwa malo awa imadzaza ndi Nyanja ya Magadi Ngorongoro.
Zitsamba zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimadyetsa savannah, makamaka munyengo yamvula, pakakhala chakudya chokwanira chamtundu wa herbivores woposa mamiliyoni awiri. Monga ndandanda ya nyama zaku Africa, mndandanda wazinyama ukuyamba apa: zebra, nyansi, buffalo, Thomson ndi Grant agwape, twiga, canna ndi warthog, nduna za nyanga ziwiri, njovu.
Zambiri mwa nyamazo zimayang'ana kutuluka kwa Serengeti, pomwe zina, monga mvuu, zimakhala pafupi ndi zithaphwi ndi nyanja. Kumene kuli nyama zambiri zolusa, zodya nyama, nkhokwe ya Ngorongoro imakhala ndi nyama zamkati, mikango, nkhandwe, nyalugwe, nyalugwe komanso mtundu wina.
Ku Uganda kuli mapaki angapo odabwitsa, koma mu 70s - 80s. Za zana lomaliza, mkati mwa nkhondo zapachiweniweni, adakumana ndi zowonongeka zazikulu, ndipo anthu osimidwa, kuti asafe ndi kufa, adawombera nyama zambiri.
South Africa.
Gawo ladziko lonse la South Africa lingatchulidwe motetezeka mndandanda wa zigawo zotetezedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pafupifupi 7% ya gawo lawatetezedwa ndi boma, ngakhale m'ma 80s - 90s. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo zapachiweniweni ku Malawi ndi Angola, nyama zamtchire sizinadutsenso popanda chofufuza.
Botswana ili ndi malo ambiri osungirako zinyama ndi malo okhala nyama zakutchire; 17% ya malo adzikolo ndi malo osungira. Kubwerera m'ma 90s. XX mumayendedwe achilengedwe adayambira ku Africa. Mwa madera 43 otetezedwa ndi boma, pofika 1929, 27 anali ku South Africa.
Kuchokera kumalo osungira a Sabi ndi Shingvedzi, malo otchuka kwambiri amtunduwu amachokera kumizu.Kuphatikizika kwa nkhokwezi mu Kruger National Park kunachitika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo ku mapaki adziko mu 1926, m'dera la Transvaal - dera lomwe lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chigawocho.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo a 19,485 mita lalikulu. km, Kruger Park pamadera ake idateteza unyinji wa zinyama pogwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe. Mitundu yocheperako monga ma rhinos oyera amapezeka paki iyi.
Ku South Africa, malinga ndi IUCN, mu 1990 panali malo 178 otetezedwa okhala ndi malo okwanira mamitala 63,100. km, iyi ndi 5.2% ya dziko lonse. Kuphatikiza pa Kruger Park, malo okongola kwambiri a Golden Gate Highlands, Kalahari Jamesbock, kudzera momwe njira zosunthira zambiri za antelopes ndi Addo Elephant National Park pafupi ndi Port Elizabeth ndizodziwika, ndizotchuka.
Zimbabwe ndi Madagascar.
Malo ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a Victoria Falls Park ndi Zambezi National Park pafupi ndi Zimbabwe. Hwange Park - imodzi mwa malo osungika kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe imakhala nyama zosowa, ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Chipilala chachikulu cha National National Nature ndi Zimbabwe Park - ndichofunika kwambiri m'mbiri.
Kuchuluka kwa nyama zamoyo kumakhudza chisumbu cha Madagascar kum'mawa kwa Africa. Ndilo chikhalidwe cha pachilumba cha boma chomwe chimalongosola zakuphatikizika kwa mitundu iyi ya zachilengedwe.
Zomera ndi maluwa ku Madagascar zasintha ndi kutulutsa mitundu yatsopano yazaka zambiri. Koma kwa zachilengedwe, zovuta zowononga chitukuko sizidutsa - mitundu 45 ndi mitundu ya mandimu osowa kwambiri ikuwopsezedwa ndikutha, ndipo pafupifupi 4/5 nkhalango zidadulidwa.
Dzikoli lilibe chuma chokwanira chotsimikizira kutsatira malamulo azachilengedwe, ngakhale atapangidwa zachilengedwe mu 1927.
Ziwonetsero.
Mavuto akulu akulu azachilengedwe omwe akukumana ndi Africa kuno, amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma m'mayiko omwe akutukuka komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Komabe pali zifukwa zokhalira ndi chiyembekezo.
Zitha kuyembekezeredwa, makamaka m'maiko omwe amadalira zokopa alendo, kuti madera otetezedwa akadakulabe. Ndizolimbikitsanso kuti pakati pa anthu aku Africa pano pali chidziwitso chokulirapo chazinthu zabwino zachitetezo zachilengedwe: mabungwe aboma pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe amapangidwa kulikonse.
Kapangidwe kazinthu zosungidwa zachilengedwe kukuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika pakuteteza zachilengedwe. M'malo osungirako, chigawo chapakatikati chimatetezedwa kwathunthu, chimazunguliridwa ndi malo opitilira buffer ndikupitilira - gawo lakunja, kubedwa kwa mafakitale ndi kuchezera kwa alendo kumaloledwa.
Tekinoloji zamakono zimagwira ntchito yofunika. Zipangizo zowunikira pa wailesi zimalemba kusamuka kwa nyama, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kwamasamba kumadziwika ndi zida za satellite. Nyama zikuluzikulu, ngati pakufunika, zimasunthidwa ndikuzitumiza kumalo otetezeka, ndipo mitundu yocheperako imaloledwa kubereka muukapolo, kenako nkutulutsidwa kumene imakhala.
Ndipo zikuwoneka ngati kuti nkhaniyi ndi nthano chabe. Kotero zoyesa komanso zokongola pali nyanja, mapiri, mapiri amoto. O. MUFUNA KUTI.
Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park ndi amodzi mwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku Africa ndi amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lapansi. Dera lake ndi ma kilomita 19,485. Komanso ndi paki yoyamba yoyamba ku South Africa, yomwe idatsegulidwa mu 1926, ngakhale gawo la paki lakhala lotetezedwa ndi boma kuyambira 1898.
Kruger National Park ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zazikulu kuposa malo ena aliwonse aku Africa, kuphatikiza oimira "Big 5" - mikango, nyalugwe, njovu, njuchi, njati ndi njati.
Malo Odyera a Chobe
Chobe National Park ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Botswana, pafupi ndi malire a Zambia, Zimbabwe ndi Namibia. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njovu. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pafupifupi 50,000 a nyama zazikuluzikuluzi amakhala kuno, mwina njovu zambiri ku Africa. Nthawi yabwino kukaona Chobe ndi nthawi yachilimwe kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, pamene maiwe amawuma ndipo nyama zimasonkhana pafupi ndi mtsinje, komwe ndizosavuta kupeza.
Mwana wakhanda pagombe la mtsinje wa Chobe papaki yadzikoli ya dzina lomweli. Gwero la chithunzi.
Etosha National Park
Etosha National Park ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Namibia ndipo imakhala pamalo a 22,270 kilomita. Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera kumakristali oyera oyera amchere omwe amaphimba mapanema akuluakulu omwe amakhala pafupifupi kotala la Etosha. Malo osungirako zinyama ndi mitundu ya zinyama, mbalame, ndi nyama zapamtunda, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosowa komanso yokhala pangozi, monga maulimi akuda.
Etosha solonchak imakhala ndi malo a 4,800 kilometers; idapangidwa zaka 16,000 zapitazo. Gwero la chithunzi.
Central Kalahari National Hunting Reserve
Kalahari Game Reserve imakhala malo a 52,800 km² m'chipululu cha Kalahari ku Botswana. Imakhala pafupifupi kukula kwa Massachusetts, kuwapangitsa kukhala malo achiwiri kwambiri padziko lapansi. Dera lake limakhala ndi zipululu zambiri zotseguka, nyanja zamchere ndi mabedi amtsinje wakale. Dera lake limakhala lathyathyathya komanso loyenda pang'ono, lophimbidwa ndi zitsamba ndi udzu, komanso limaphimba mapepala amchenga ndi malo okhala ndi mitengo yayikulu.
Nyama zakuthengo monga girafi, fisi wakuda, warthog, nyalugwe, galu wamtchire, nyalugwe, mkango, nyama zamtundu wamtchire, canna, gemsbok, agulu ndi ubweya wofiira amakhala pagulupo.
Achibushmen akukhala ku Kalahari kwazaka zambiri kuyambira pa Age Stone. Amakhalabe kuno ndipo amayendayenda m'derali ngati asaka osaka.
Achi Bushmen ku Kalahari. Gwero la chithunzi.
Ma park a Rwenzory ndi Virunga ku Africa
Ruvenzori ndi malo achilengedwe omwe amapezeka kumapiri a Uganda.
Ku Ruvenzori ndi:
- amodzi mwa mapiri atali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - Margherita - 5100 m,
- Nyanja zingapo ndi makoma amadzi,
- Nyanja zam'madzi zokhala ngati zisonga zazitali
Mtsinje wotchuka kwambiri komanso waukulu kwambiri ku Africa, Mtsinje wa Nile, umachokera m'malo osungirako.
Pakiyo ili ndi zomera zokongola zambiri.
Pakati pa nyama zomwe zimasungidwa pali mitundu yosowa, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya anyani.
Maulendo akuwona gorilla ndi otchuka.
Virunga National Park (mpaka 1962 - Albert Park) ili m'malo amapiri ku Democratic Republic of the Congo ku Africa pafupi ndi malire ndi Uganda. Dera losungiramo malo pafupifupi mita 8000. km
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe m'malo awa adapangidwa mu 1925 - nthawi ya koloni ya DR Congo ndi Belgium (1908-1960) - ndipo poyambirira adatchedwa dzina lachifumu la Belgian Albert I.
Dera la paki litha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- kumpoto, komwe kuli mapiri a Ruvenzori,
- pakati ndi malo athyathyathya ndi Nyanja ya Eduard,
- kum'mwera - mwachindunji malo ovuta mapiri a Virunga okhala ndi mapiri angapo, kuphatikiza omwe akugwira ntchito.
Zachilengedwe m'mbali zonse za paki ndizosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi malo apadera, nyama zachilengedwe komanso zomera. Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame (zopitilira 700) zimakhala kuno kosatha kapena kuuluka nthawi yozizira.
Anthu ambiri okhala ku Virunga Park ndi anyani am'mapiri, omwe amakhala kumapiri a mapiri.
Serengeti, Tanzania
Visa : ofunika, yokonzedwa ku eyapoti atafika, chindapusa - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : pagalimoto yochokera ku Arusha kwa pafupifupi maola 6 kapena ndege yamagetsi yopepuka ya amodzi a ndege zamderali, kuuluka - pafupifupi $ 300 (≈ 20,000 ruble) njira imodzi.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - $ 50 (≈ 3300 rubles).
Hotelo pafupi : Hotel ya Samanene Beach, kuyambira 4099 rub./usiku awiri.
Paki yayikuluyi imadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mikango (pafupifupi anthu 3000). Komanso apa mutha kuwona zamtchire, njobvu, ndulu, ndira.
Mutha kupanga mayendedwe a balloon (mwambowu siwotsika mtengo, pafupifupi $ 500 / ≈ 33,500 rubles pamunthu). Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuyendera volcano Oldo Lengai. Simungathe kukwera, chifukwa imagwira ntchito, koma zithunzi za panorama zidzakhala zokongola.
Nchisar National Park
Nechisar National Park imangokhala 514 mita lalikulu. km., ili pamalo abwino kwambiri a Rift Valley pakati pa nyanja ziwiri. Paki yomwe ili kumalire a kum'mawa ndi mapiri a Amaro, omwe amakwera mpaka 2000 m, ndipo kumpoto - ndi Nyanja ya Abaya yokhala ndi madzi ofiira osatha (1070 sq. Km.). Kummwera - ndi dziwe laling'ono lodziwika bwino la Chamo lomwe lili ndi malo a 350 km. Kum'mawa kuli mzinda wa Arba Mintch.
Kuchokera patali, mapiri pakati pake akuwoneka oyera, ndipo dzina la Nechisar kapena "udzu woyera" adachokera kwa iwo.
Malo oteteza zachilengedwe otchedwa Nechisar National Park ndi malo ofunika kwambiri kwa mbalamezi, makamaka kwa anthu osamukira kwawo. Asodzi akuuluka, agulugufe, mbalame za m'mimba, mbalamezi ndi chiwombankhanga zam'madzi zimapinda m'menemo.
Malo a Ngorongoro Conservation
Ngorongoro ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tanzania. M'malo mwake, awa ndi mabwalo a volcano yakale ya Ngorongoro, yomwe idagwa ndikupanga khwawa. Malo otsetsereka ake asanduka mpanda wachilengedwe wamtchire zosiyanasiyana zamtchire zomwe zimakhala pano. M'madambo omwe ali pafupi ndi kholalo, Amasai amadyetsa ng'ombe zawo, zikuwoneka kuti salabadira gulu la nyama zakutchire zomwe zimadzaza malo. Kuderali ndikofunikira pofufuza momwe anthu adayambira, popeza chimodzi mwazinthu zakale zoyambilira za anthu ndi zomwe zachitika zaka 400 miliyoni zapezeka pano.
Nyanja mkati mwa Ngorongoro Crater. Gwero la chithunzi.
Ma park a Garamba ndi Salonga ku Africa
Malo Osungirako zachilengedwe a Garamba ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa DR Congo pafupi ndi malire ndi Sudan.
Dera la pakiyo ndi 4,5,000. Km imakhala anthu ambiri, nkhalango zamvula ndi mitengo.
Garamba ndi wodziwika chifukwa cha zipembere zoyera zakumpoto zomwe zikukhala pano - mitundu ing'ono ya zipembere zomwe zinasowa kwambiri zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazi ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zatsala pang'ono kutha tsopano.
Deralo limapezekanso mendulo zambiri za njovu ndi mitundu ina ya twiga.
Salonga. Malo ena osungirako zachilengedwe a Congo DR amapezeka m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Congo, ndipo alendo amabwera mu pakiyo ndi madzi.
Pakiyo idapangidwa kuti iteteze nkhosayo.
Zosiyanasiyana za nyama komanso zokhala ndi utoto pano sizabwino kwambiri kuposa malo ena, koma ndizosangalatsa kapangidwe kake. Apa mutha kukumana:
- bonobo anyani omwe amakhala m'malo ano
- Gray African Parrot (Jaco) ndi Zaire Peacocks,
- ng'ona yaku Africa-yopyapyala.
Cameo National Park ndi Nyasa Nature Reserve
Cameo National Park ku Angola, zomwe zakhala choncho kuyambira 1957.
Dera la pakiyo - laling'ono - ndi ma 1,500 square metres. m Imakhala dothi lathyathyathya, yokhala ndi nkhalango zazing'ono ndi nkhokwe za zitsamba ndi mabango.
Mitsinje ingapo imayenda m'chigawo cha nkhalangoyi, yomwe idalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mapakiwo ndipo nthawi zina imasefukira m'deralo. Komanso m'malo osungira muli nyanja, imodzi mwa izo - Dilolu - ndiye wamkulu kwambiri ku Angola.
Matsekeredwe awa a matupi amadzi adakonzeratu kukakhala kosangalatsa madera oyandikana nawo ambiri a mbalame zam'madzi.
Mwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa ku Kameya Park, mitundu ya anyaniwa imapezeka kwambiri.
Nyasa - nkhokwe zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza nyanja ya dzina lomwelo ndi madera ozungulira. Ili pamtunda pamalo okwera pafupifupi 1400 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Nyasa ya Nyasa imapangidwa chifukwa chodzaza dzenje (lakuya - 700m) pakati pa mayiko a Tanzania, Mozambique ndi Malawi. Kutalika kwake konse ndi 590 km.
Mpumulo wam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiri, omwe amagwera molunjika m'madzi a nyanjayi.
Mitsinje imodzi ndi theka yam'deralo imalowa munyanjamo, yomwe imadyetsa madzi abwino.
Madzi a mnyanja yayikuluyi ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba - pafupifupi 1000, komanso ng'ona.
Pa gombe la Mozambique pagombe la nyanja pafupi ndi malire ndi Tanzania kuli malo osungirako zachilengedwe okhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 400 ya mbalame, zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama zodziwika bwino.
Tourism ku Nyasa Nature Reserve imapangidwa kuchokera ku Mozambique ndi Malawi, komwe mungakhale ndi nthawi yosangalala pachilumba chimodzi.
Kilimanjaro National Park ku Africa
Malo osungirako malo amapezeka kumpoto kwa Tanzania ndipo ndiwotchuka chifukwa chokwezeka kwambiri ku Africa - Kilimanjaro volcano (5895 m).
Kilimanjaro ndiye chinthu choyamba komanso chachikulu chokopa pakiyo. Anthu ambiri amabwera kuno ndendende kuti akwere chimodzi mwa nsonga zitatu izi m'mizere yomwe amapangira izi. Kukwera zina ndizosavuta, njira yolumikizira imangokhala yovuta, chifukwa kuti mufike pamwamba, muyenera kudutsa malire angapo a nyengo.
Mitengo yovunda imakonzedwa bwino kwambiri nthawi iliyonse pachaka kupatula nyengo yamvula (October-Novembala, March-Epulo).
Kukwera phiri, alendo amabwera:
- Chokopa chapadera - chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa pakati pa Africa,
- chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi phokoso lomwe latsala pang'ono kuphulika
- nyanja zamapiri zokongola,
- phiri lolumikiza nsonga ziwiri za phirilo.
Zomera zamapakiwa zimakhala zodzaza kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa zimasinthika komanso kusintha kwa nyengo nyengo ikakwera pamwamba.
Pansi pa mapiri pali mitengo yokongola yamvula ndi savannah, apa pali njira zingapo zosangalatsa zoyendera alendo.
Ma Serengeti ndi Ngorongoro National Parks
Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Kilimanjaro ku Tanzania ndi wotchuka wina African National Reserve - Serengeti. Mwa njira, Tanzania ndi dziko lomwe Africa ili ndi malo ambiri osungira.
Dera la Serengeti ndiopitilira 15,000 mita. km, ndiye wamkulu kwambiri m'dzikoli.
Zamoyo zam'malo osungirako izi zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi zochitika za anthu.
Pamalo akuluakulu pomwe pakiyo ilipo, pali mitundu yambiri ya nyama ndi mbalame. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwawona, mwachitsanzo, paulendo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndizowonetsa kusuntha kwa nyama panthawi yachilala, pamene zingwe zopanda moyo zimayenda, ndikumatenga ma kilomita masauzande ambiri.
Chokopa chapakati Malo a Ngorongoro Conservation ku Tanzania, komwe kale anali gawo la Serengeti Park, phokoso lomwe lawonongedwa kale ndi chiphala chamoto wakale limaganiziridwa.
Kukula kwake ndikodabwitsa:
- mainchesi - oposa 20 km,
- kuya - 610 m,
- m'dera lathunthu - 270 lalikulu mita. km
Ndizosangalatsa kuti crater idapanga zake zokha zachilengedwe - mitundu yambiri ya nyama zomwe zikukhala pano sizinakhaleko kunja. Chiwerengero chonse cha nyama zomwe zimakhala m'chigwachi ndizopitirira 25,000.
Mkati mwa khwawa pali nyanja yachilendo Magadi - yamchere, yopangidwa ndi akasupe otentha.
Nyanjayi ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa ya mbalame, kuphatikizapo zamalawi, heron ndi pelicans.
Pamalo otsetsereka pafupi ndi khomalo pali manda a asayansi aku Germany ophunzitsira za nyama Bernhard ndi Mikael Grzimekov, omwe anathandiza kwambiri pophunzira, kusunga ndi kutchukitsa mapaki a Serengeti ndi Ngorongoro.
Rungwa, Masai Mara ndi Selous Natural Reserve
Rungwa - Limodzi la mapaki adziko mu Africa ku Tanzania, lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri malinga ndi dera.
Mitsinje ingapo ili ndi mitsinje yambiri kudutsa gawo la pakiyo. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi Ruaha, yomwe ili ndi ziphalaphala komanso madzi okongola. Mitsinje ina ndi youma kwambiri.
Matupi amadzi oterewa adakonzeratu zakusiyana ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ku Rungwa.
Kuyenera kudziwidwa mtanda wovuta wamalo awa, womwe unaloleza kusungidwa kwachilengedwe chosungiramo malo pafupifupi osakhudzidwa. M'malo ena oyenda paki amaloledwa.
Zachilengedwe Selous. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe zazikulu kwambiri ku Tanzania komanso ku kontrakitala - dera lake ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 45,000. km, adatchulidwa pambuyo pa woyenda komanso wofufuza wa ku Britain F.K. Selous.
- Mtsinje wa Rufiji umayenda kudera lonselo.
- Pakiyo imamera mitundu yoposa 2000 ya zomera ndi mitengo, mathirakiti akuluakulu a nkhalango zamangati.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame - mitundu yopitilira 400.
- Nyama zomwe zili pachimake ndi nthumwi zochokera ku savannah yaku Africa, ngakhale kuli njati, njovu ndi mvuu zimakhala ku Selus.
- Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa pakiyo, amasungidwa osaka nyama.
Masai Mara National Park ili ku Kenya, kumwera chakumadzulo.
Pakiyo idakhala yowonjezera zachilengedwe posungira pafupi ndi Serengeti.
Masai Mara adadziwika ndi dzina la Amasai, omwe mafuko awo amakhala kuderali, pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Mara. Pakiyo ndi malo obisalamo udzu wokhala ndi udzu komanso tchire, nthawi zina wokhala ngati marchy, omwe mumapezeka mitengo ya mthethe.
Monga Serengeti, Masai Mara amadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya nyama.
Pali unyinji waukulu kwambiri wazinyama zam'mera - mitu yopitilila miliyoni, komanso mikango ndi nyalugwe.
Mvuu ndi ng'ona nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mitsinje yakumaloko.
Alendowa ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi gawo lakummawa kwa nkhokwe, komwe kuli pafupi ndi likulu la dzikolo - Nairobi (220 km).
Tsavo ndi Amboseli National Parks ku Africa
Tsavo - paki ku Kenya, amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi (malo - 20,000 sq. km).
Malo osungirako paki ndi a savannah, okhala ndi zitsamba, nthawi zina amakhala otentha.
Mitsinje ingapo imayenda kuderali, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri - Galana, nthawi zina pamakhala nyanja, ma spurts ochokera pansi ndi mitsinje yaying'ono.
Pakiyo ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha nyama zamtchire zosiyanasiyana, komanso mbalame zochuluka, ndipo pano mutha kupeza nyama zosowa kwambiri.
Kuchokera pakuwona malo okopa alendo, omwe akutukuka kwambiri ndi gawo lakummawa kwa nkhokwe ya Tsavo yokhala ndi malo oyendera alendo m'tauni ya Voi.
Kumadzulo kwa paki, alendo amabwera m'mudzi wa Mtitto Andei.
Amboseli Park ili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kenya pafupi ndi malire ndi Tanzania. Kochepa kwambiri m'derali - 400 masikweya. km
Mitengo yoyera ya Kilimanjaro yomwe ili ndi chipale chofewa komanso malo ake okongola amawonekera bwino kuchokera kudera lino. Amboseli amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njovu - nyama pafupifupi 900, zimatchedwa "dziko la njovu."
Alendo amaloledwa kuyenda ku Amboseli, bola akapita ndiwowongolera omwe ali ndi zida.
Etosha National Parks (kanema) ndi Kafue
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe (oposa 22,000 sq. Km) ku Namibia, pafupi ndi kumpoto kwa chipululu cha Kalahari, omwe ndi amodzi mwa mapaki akulu kwambiri ku South Africa.
Gawo lina la gawo la Etosha Park limakhala malo amchere amtundu womwewo.
Etosha Park imakhala malo okhala mitundu yambiri ya zolengedwa - nyama zachilengedwe ndi mbalame, zomwe zimapezeka pakati pawo, monga ma rhinos.
Nyama zam'tchire ndizosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Makamaka zikafika ku Namibia. Mwa anthu okhala m'chipululu cha Namib - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani (masapota, oryx, mbalame, dig-digi ndi ena), njovu zazikulu zam'chipululu, njovu, mbidzi, nyalugwe, mikango, ndi zina zambiri. Sangalalani kuwona!
Kafue - wamkulu kwambiri mdera lokhala zachilengedwe ku Zambia. Imatchedwa imodzi mwa mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda m'chigawo chake. Kafue ndiye waukulu wamitsinje ya Zambia, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala ma rap, ma whirlpooll komanso ngakhale ma waterways.
Chosangalatsa china mu pakiyo ndi dziwe la Itege-Tezhe, likutsitsa Mtsinje wa Kafue ndikumanga kuti atolere madzi osungirako ndikuwonjezera magetsi oyang'anira.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti pafupifupi mapaki onse omwe alembedwa ndi UNESCO ngati tsamba la World Heritage. Tsoka ilo, zochitika kuzungulira malo ena akuluakulu mu Africa (mwachitsanzo, Virunga kapena Kameya) ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mikangano ndi zochitika zankhondo zomwe nthawi ndi nthawi zimabuka pagawo lawo kapena pafupi, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito zoyipa za anthu. Mwinanso pakufunika kusiya ndikusiya kupanga zachilengedwe kukhala cholanda chaumbombo komanso kusayanjidwa? Mukuganiza chiyani?
Gorongosa, Mozambique
Visa : nzika za Russian Federation zimasowa visa, zitha kupezeka ku ofesi ya kazembe kapena pofika, ndalama - $ 40 ((2500 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : ndi ndege kuchokera ku Johannesburg kupita ku Beira, kuthawa kudzawononga $ 200 (≈ 13,400 ruble), ndiye ma 200 km (pafupifupi ma 3 maola) pagalimoto. Mutha kubwereka galimoto ku Beira Airport, mtengo wake ndi $ 60 (≈ 4000 rubles) patsiku.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera munthu wamkulu - $ 20 (≈ 1340 rubles), ana a zaka 10-17 - $ 10 (≈ 670 rubles), mpaka zaka 10 - zaulere.
Hotelo pafupi : Montebelo Gorongosa Lodge & Safari, kuyambira 6490 rub./ Night for two.
Paki yayikulu ya Gorongos ku Mozambique imakhala ndi malo a 4000 square metres. mita. Anthu amabwera kuno kudzasilira mitengo ya mthethe, michere, nkhalango zotentha. Pakiyi imadziwika chifukwa cha mbalame zambiri komanso njovu zambirimbiri (sizimakonda kupita kwa alendo, zimatha kuwonedwa paulendo) ndi mikango ingapo. Nthawi yochezera Gorongosa ndiyambira pa Epulo mpaka Novembala, m'miyezi yotsala ya msewuwu umasefukira chifukwa chamvula yambiri, ndipo ulendo umakhala wosatheka.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri paphiripo ndi "Mkango Wamkango" - nyumba yomwe anthu adasiyapo nthawi ya kusefukira kwamadzi mu 40s m'ma XX. Mofulumira, mikango idasanja. Nyumba ya Mkango siyololedwa kuyendera yokha. Mutha kuiwona nthawi yoyenda yokha yoyendetsedwa ndi oyang'anira.
Kruger, South Africa
Visa: kwa nzika za Russian Federation sizofunikira.
Momwe mungakafikire : kuchokera ku Johannesburg kupita ku eyapoti ya Phalaborwa (pafupifupi $ 380 / ≈ 25,500 rubles), kubwereka galimoto ku eyapoti - kuchokera $ 35 (≈ rubles 2,300).
Mtengo : tikiti lolowera munthu wamkulu - $ 23 (≈ 1,550 rubles), kwa mwana - $ 11 (≈ 740 rubles) patsiku.
Hotelo pafupi : Bedelo Bed & Breakfast Breakfast, kuyambira 3299 rub./usiku awiri.
Kruger Park ndiye paki yodziwika kwambiri ku Africa, yomwe idayambika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mikango, ma rhinos, njati, njovu ndi akambuku amakhala pano. Kuphatikiza pa maulendo apaulendo, alendo omwe amapezeka pamapaki amatha kusangalala ndi mitundu yonse ya njinga komanso kukwera maulendo apamwamba ngakhale kusewera gofu (kuchokera $ 12 / ≈ 800 rubles pamasewera).
Mwa njira, Kruger Park ndi gawo limodzi mwa misika yayikulu ya London Park (ikuphatikiza Limpopo Park ku Mozambique, Kruger ku South Africa ndi Gonarezha ku Zimbabwe). Mutha kuyendayenda m'dera lalikulu la Limpopo popanda ma visa - mwayi woti mlendo adzayendere mayiko atatu a South Africa nthawi imodzi.
Kirimbas, Mozambique
Visa : Nzika zaku Russia zikufuna visa, zitha kupezeka ku ambass kapena pakubwera, chindapusa - $ 40 (≈ 2500 rubles).
Momwe mungakafikire : paulendo wapaulendo wapaulendo kuchokera ku Johannesburg kupita ku Pemba, mtengo wake umachokera ku madola 200 (≈ 13,400 ruble), kenako posinthira ndi ndege kupita ku Ibo $ 485 (≈ 32,500 rubles) ulendo wozungulira.
Mtengo : tikiti yolowera - $ 8 (≈ 535 rubles).
Hotelo pafupi : Cinco Portas Lodge, kuyambira 3799 rub./usiku awiri.
Kirimbas National Park ili pachilumbachi, chomwe chili ndi zilumba zoposa 30. Kubwera kuno sikuti kudzangoonerera zinyama zakutchire, koma kwa ena onse, kuwedza asodzi azisumbu komanso kutsamira.
Chokopa chofala kwa alendo apaulendo ndi ma dolphin (kudumphira muzida pakati pa dolphins), mtengo - kuchokera ku $ 65 (≈ 4350 rubles) pa munthu aliyense. Malo osambira akupezeka pachilumba cha Ibo. Komanso, kuchokera pachilumbachi mutha kuyenda kwa masiku angapo pakati pa zisumbu zachisumbu.
Mosiyana ndi Europe, Africa ndi dziko lokhala ndi zinthu zosakhudzidwa, momwemo ndizofunikira kuti nthawi zina zitheke m'nkhalango yamiyala. Ngakhale kutiulendo waku Africa umafanana ndi malo osungira nyama, umayambitsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Kuwona nyama m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri yapaulendo komanso satha kuiwalika, yomwe imasankhidwa kamodzi pa moyo wawo.