Dzina lachi Russia - Sichuan takin
Chizungu -
Dzina lachi Latin - Budorcas taxicolor tibetana
Order - artiodactyls (Artiodactyla)
Banja - bovids (Bovidae)
Ndodo - takins (Budorcas)
Mitundu ndiyo mitundu yokhayo. Kuphatikiza pa Sichuan, palinso mitundu ina 3 yamtundu womwe umasiyana kwambiri ndi utoto: (B. t. Taxicolor), (B. t. Whitei) ndi golide takin (B. t. Bedfordi).
Onani ndi mamuna
Anthu akumudzi aku Asia, komwe nyama zomwe amakhala, akhala akuzifuna kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama inapita kukudya, khungu - zovala kapena nyumba. Komabe, kusaka kwambiri sikunachitike. Mwamwayi, palibe zinthu zochiritsa, monga nyama zina zazikulu zambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zogwirira ntchito, chifukwa zilipobe mpaka pano, ngakhale ndizosowa.
Malongosoledwe asayansi anapangidwa mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19, njira yoyamba yokhala ndi moyo inachokera ku Burma kupita ku London zoo mu 1909, koma ngakhale masiku ano chilombo chomwe chili ukapolochi ndi chosowa. Kunja kwa China, ma takin samapezeka malo osapitilira 30. Ku Russia, kuphatikiza pa Zoo ya Moscow, takins zitha kuwonekanso ku Novosibirsk.
Kugawa ndi malo
Takin afalikira ku India, Tibet, Nepal, China. Mitundu yonse ya masanjidwe oyimiridwa ku malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndiyochepera m'chigawo cha Sichuan ku China.
Takin amakhala kumapiri, kumtunda kwakuthengo kwa nkhalango zam'mapiri zam'mapiri ndi mapiri a mapiri, matanthwe a rhododendron, kapena nsungwi wosakhazikika pamtunda wa mamita 2 mpaka 5,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chikamatsika, timatsikira m'chigwa chakuya kwambiri m'nkhalango zomwe zili ndi dothi lokwera.
Maonekedwe ndi morphology
Takin ndi nyama yachilendo kwambiri. Mwadongosolo, ili pafupi ndi mbuzi ndi nkhosa, koma imawoneka ngati ng'ombe yaying'ono yokhala ndi mutu wolemera wokhala ndi mutu wopyapyala, wamphamvu, wamfupi komanso zazikulu: takin thupi kutalika kwa 170-220 cm, kutalika kwa 100-130 masentimita, kulemera mpaka 350 kg Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Nyama zazimuna zonsezo zili ndi nyanga, kutalika kwake mwaimuna zimafikira 50 cm, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi anyowoka: zimayikidwa pafupi pansi, zokulitsidwa ndikuswedwa, choyamba zipite kumbali, ndikuphimba pamphumi, kenako nkugwada ndi kumbuyo. Gawo lothothoka, lochokera pansi pa lipenga, limakhwima, ndipo chomaliza ndi yosalala. Mphuno ya takin ili ndi mawonekedwe a babu ndipo, pamodzi ndi chigamba chakhungu pamwamba pake, chimapatsa nyamayo mawonekedwe oseketsa pang'ono. Zingwe za zala zapakati pa zotsekera ndizazungulira komanso kuzungulira, pamafelemu - atali, otukuka kwambiri.
Mchira wamfupi (15-20 cm) suwoneka pafupi ndi tsitsi lalitali, womwe umakhala wokongola modabwitsa: wokulirapo makamaka kutalika kwa thupi, khosi, mchira ndi mbali. Tsitsi limakhala loonda, lopaka mafuta ochulukirapo, lomwe limateteza nyamazo ku chinyezi kwambiri komanso zonyansa zomwe zimakhala mosalekeza m'malo awa. Ma takini amapaka utoto wagolide, ofiira kapena wokongola kwambiri.
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Ma takin ndi amodzi mwa osaphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Amagwira makamaka pakatuluka dzuwa ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa. Sungani m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'malo ovuta. Amuna achikulire amakhala okha. Ma takina amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ziwembu zawo, amakayikira kuti angawasiye ngakhale atadula mitengo, kubisala m'nkhokwe ya bamboo. Ma takina amathamanga mwachangu, koma, modzidzimutsa, kubisala - mikhalidwe yomwe siimawoneka mwa anthu akuluakulu omwe samakonda. Kukhazikika, ma takin agona pansi, ndikutchingira khosi lake, ndikugwedezeka pansi mwamphamvu. Amatha kugona modekha komanso osasunthika kotero kuti athe kuponderezedwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutsika m'mapiri, nthawi zina pamafunika magulu ambiri, kuchokera kwa anthu angapo mpaka mazana.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa
Ma takini ndizowoneka bwino, zomwe kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira zimakonda zitsamba, masamba ndi nthambi za mitundu 130 ya mitundu ya zipatso zam'mapiri. Zakudya za nthawi yozizira zimakhala ndi nthambi, masingano ndi masamba a mitengo yobiriwira, bamboo ndi rhododendron. M'malo okhazikika, timaponda mayendedwe kupita ku malawi amchere.
Nyama zimakhala zamanyazi kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimabisala m'malo obisika masana, zimapita kukadyetsa madzulo okha, ndikubisanso m'mawa. Khosalo lodetsa nkhawa nthawi zonse limathamangira kuti athawire kukokako.
Kubalana ndi chitukuko
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa Sichuan takin imagwera mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Pa nthawi ya msambo, abambo okalamba omwe amakhala achikulire, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, amalowa m'magulu a akazi. Pakadali pano, timagulu tambiri timagulu tambiri.
Mimba imatenga miyezi 7-8, nthawi zambiri mwana akabadwa kamodzi. Ali ndi masiku atatu, akutha kutsatira amayi ake. Ali ndi zaka 14, mwana amayamba kuyesa udzu ndi masamba achifundo, patatha mwezi umodzi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba m'zakudya kumayamba kuchuluka mwachangu, koma mayi akupitilabe kumudyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi ingapo. Kukula kumachitika zaka 2,5.
Utali wamoyo
Makina amakhala mpaka zaka 12 mpaka 15.
Pakuwonekera kwa Zoo ya Moscow, takins yoyamba idawonekera posachedwa. Zina mwa nyama zosazolowazi zidachokera ku Beijing Zoo mu Januware 2009, kumadzulo kwa "chaka cha ng'ombe." Wamphongo wamkulu wowala ndi wamkazi wofatsa amakhala mu New Territory m'malo otetezeka pafupi ndi akavalo a Przewalski, ngamila ndi abulu a David. Tsoka ilo, patapita kanthawi atasamuka, mwamunayo anali wamasiye. Kumanzere yekha, anapitilizabe kuwerenga aviary ndipo mpaka anakanthanso wogwira ntchito yamagawo. Nthawi yomweyo adamupeza akuyesera kukwera pamwamba pa mpanda! Ali ndi miyendo yakutsogolo pa mpanda, anali atatsala pang'ono kudumpha. Wothawalayo adabwezeretsedwa bwino.
Banja latsopano lidawonekera ku Takin mu 2010, pamene gulu lina la nyama lidakwera kuchokera ku China - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Mmodzi mwa iwo adadziwika kuti ndi mkazi watsopano wa ng'ombeyo, ndipo banjali lidatsala pang'ono kutumizidwa ku nazale pafupi ndi Volokolamsk.
Mu Novembala 2011, mabatani athu anali ndi mwana wawo woyamba wamphongo, wokongola, ngati chidole choseweretsa. Poyamba, mayi wachinyamatayo adakwiya ndikomwe ogwira ntchito amafuna kuti ayang'ane mwana pawindo la nyumba. Nthawi zambiri ankathamangira koukira. Koma popita nthawi idakhala bata. Mwana wamkulu, limodzi ndi wamkazi yemwe adawonekera ndi banjali ku Volokolamsk, adapita ku Berlin Zoo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ana azotulutsa zathu amawonekera chaka chilichonse, ndipo, akukula, amapita kumalo osiyanasiyana osungira nyama ku Russia ndi dziko lapansi.
Takin nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nsipu zachonde, ma fungo wonunkhira bwino, komanso zosakaniza za tirigu. Kamodzi patsiku amawonjezera maapulo, kaloti, beets. Kippers nthawi zonse amayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zabwino, chifukwa zochulukirapo zimatha kukhumudwitsa nyama. Panali nthawi yomwe matako ankapatsidwa ngakhale msungwi womwe umabwera kuchokera pagombe la Nyanja Yakuda kaamba kakang'ono. Koma nyamazo sizinawonetsetse kwambiri, kenako zidasiya chilichonse. Ndi chilakolako chachikulu, amadya nthambi za spruce, ndikusangalala ndi kukoma kwa singano zatsopano.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a takin
Takin - nyama yosaphunziridwa kwathunthu ndi akatswiri a zoology. Kupatula apo, kupatula kuthengo, simungamupeze. Sakhala m'malo osungirako nyama kapena malo osungira nyama. Ndipo mwachilengedwe, mwa kuchenjera kwake, samakonda kugwira anthu. Kupita kukakwera mapiri makilomita masauzande.
Iye ali-wopindika-wamawonekedwe, wanyansi, mitala. Mitundu yake ndi ya banja la ma bovid. Amagawidwa m'magulu angapo, osiyana ndikuwala ndi mawonekedwe a ubweya.
Chimodzi mwa izo ndi mtundu wa tirigu - Tibetan kapena Sichuan takin. Wofiirira wina, pafupifupi wakuda ndi takin mishima. Amakhala kumwera kwa China. Koma panali ena osowa kwambiri - zokopa zagolide.
Nyama zikafota, zimafikira kutalika kwa mita. Thupi lake lonse, kuyambira mphuno mpaka mchira kutalika kuyambira mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mita awiri. Ndipo kulemera mupeze ma kilogalamu mazana atatu ndi kupitilira. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone bwino mwana wa ng'ombe wodziwika uyu wotchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Mphuno yake yayikulu ndi dazi, ngati mphuno ya mphira. Pakamwa ndi maso palinso lalikulu. Makutu amakulungidwa mosangalatsa m'machubu, malangizowo amachepetsedwa pang'ono mpaka pansi, osati akulu.
Nyanga zake ndi zazikulupo, m'munsi mwa mphumi zinakulira ndipo m'lifupi mwake lonse. Yokhala ndi mbali, kenako pamwamba ndi pang'ono kumbuyo. Malangizo a nyanga ndi akuthwa komanso osalala, ndipo m'munsi mwake mumakhala ngati mafunde, okhala ndi mafunde osinthika. Fomu iyi ndi gawo la mtundu wawo. Akazi, nyanga ndi zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna.
Tsitsi limabzalidwa pang'ono, ndikuzungulira, mpaka pansi pa thunthu ndi miyendo yayitali kuposa pamtunda wapamwamba wa nyama. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita makumi atatu. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa komwe amakhala, amakhala oundana komanso ozizira kwambiri.
Matako a nyama izi, poyerekeza ndi thupi lamphamvu, amawoneka ochepa komanso amafupikitsa. Koma, ngakhale kuli kwanyanja kwambiri, pamaulendo ataliatali pamaulendo owoneka bwino a m'mapiri komanso m'matanthwe. Pomwe sikuti munthu, siwotengera aliyense amene adzafike kumeneko. Ndipo adani awo, pamaso pa akambuku, zimbalangondo, si nyama zofowoka ngakhale pang'ono.
Kuyang'ana pa chithunzi cha takin, mwachidule mawonekedwe ake, molimba mtima kuti simungathe kudziwa momwe akuonekera. Chizindikiro chili ngati buluku, miyendo yake ndiyifupi, ngati ya mbuzi. Kukula kwake ndikofanana ndi ng'ombe. Nayi nyama yapadera mwachilengedwe.
Moyo wa Takin komanso malo okhala
Ma Takins adabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumapiri akutali a Himalayan komanso ku Asia. Amzungu aku India ndi Tibet. Amakhala onse m'nkhalango za bamboo ndi rhododendron, komanso mapiri ataliatali.
Ma takins amakwera makilomita masauzande kumtunda kwa nyanja, kutali ndi aliyense. Ndipo pobwera nyengo yozizira amatsikira zigwa kukafunafuna chakudya. Kuphwanya m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka zolinga makumi awiri.
Muli ana amuna, akazi ndi ana aang'ono. Akuluakulu, komanso amuna okalamba, amakhala moyo wawo wosiyana, nthawi isanakwane. Koma pofika nyengo ya kasupe, nyama, zitasonkhana m'gululo, zimasunthanso kukwera m'makomo.
M'malo mwake, amasinthika bwino ndikukhala nyengo yozizira. Thupi lawo limakhala chovindikira chamkati. Ubweya wokhawu umapakidwa mchere kuti usanyowe komanso osamasuka.
Kapangidwe ka mphuno kamakhala kuti mpweya wozizira womwe umatulutsa, kufikira mapapu, umawotha bwino. Khungu lawo limatulutsa mafuta ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti palibe blizzard amene sawopa.
Nyama izi zimakonda kwambiri malo amodzi, ndipo mosazengereza kwambiri kusiya ngati akukakamizidwa kutero.
Chikhalidwe cha takin
Takin ndi nyama yolimba mtima komanso yolimba mtima, ndipo polimba ndi adani, amabalalitsa owukira ndi nyanga mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana kwa mamita makumi. Koma nthawi zina, pazifukwa zosasinthika, amabisalira mwamantha.
Kubisala m'nkhokwe zowoneka bwino, kugona pansi, ndi khosi lalitali. Kuphatikiza apo, mboni zowona ndi zoonazi zimati amadzipangira bwino kwambiri kuti mutha ngakhale kumuwombera.
Ngati akuyenera kuthamanga, amathamangira kuthamanga kwambiri, ngakhale ndi kukula kwake. Ndipo imatha kuyenda pamiyala mosavuta, kudumpha kuchokera kumodzi kupita kwina.
Ngati chiweto chiwoneka choopsa, chimchenjeza gulu lake nazo. Kupanga mawu akutsokomola kapena kufuula kwambiri.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zokhudza chikondi cha masamba, tanena kale. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, nyama, ndizochedwa, zomwe zimadya. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe awerengetsa mitundu isanu kapena isanu ya zitsamba zoyenera kudya.
Osanyoza makungwa pamitengo, Moss ndiwothandizanso. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira za bamboo zimatuluka pansi pa chisanu. Ndipo koposa zonse, mchere ndi mchere ndizofunikira kwa iwo.
Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'mitsinje yamchere yamchere. Ndipo m'malo otetezedwa, odzipereka amayala miyala yamchere m'derali. Amatchedwa lizunami. Ma Takin amatha kuwanyambita kwa maola ambiri. Maola a m'mawa ndi madzulo nthawi zambiri amagwera pakudya.
Kuthengo, mutha kudziwa mosavuta kuti mwana wa ng'ombeyo amadya kuti. Pochita zomwe amakonda, amatenga njira zonse. Ena kumadziwe, ena ku greenery. Nditadutsa kangapo ndi ubweya woterowo kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, misewu ya phulusa imapondaponda pamenepo.
Kubala komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautin
Mu gulu, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimasungidwa m'magulu osiyana. Pakati pa chilimwe amakhala ndi nyengo yakukhwima. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, matins amafikira kukhwima.
Kenako amuna, atasonkhana m'magulu osiyana, amayamba kusamalira gulu la akazi. Mitundu yayikulu ya gulu. Pambuyo umuna, zazikazi zimabala mwana kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
Amangokhala ndi mwana m'modzi. Mwanayo amalemera kilogalamu yoposa zisanu. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti azilumikizana ndi 3 koloko masana. Kupanda kutero, chitha kukhala chovuta kwa olusa ena.
Samazunza munthu wamkulu. Koma ng'ombe yaying'ono imakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse. Inde, ndipo mukafuna chakudya, muyenera kupita makilomita oposa umodzi.
Pakupita milungu iwiri, ana amakomedwa kale ndi msipu. Pofika miyezi iwiri, chakudya chawo chazitsamba chikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Koma mayi takin amadyetsabe mwana wake mkaka wa m'mawere. Zaka zokhala ndi moyo zakale zimakhala pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Koma musaiwale kuti ngakhale anali oletsa kwambiri, olemba ndakatulo akadakaberedwa kuthengo, kupha mwankhanza chifukwa cha nyama ndi khungu. Ndipo muzosonkhetsa nyumba, anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi wopanda ndalama, amalonda ndikugula ng'ombe izi.
Zikhutu takin, pafupi kutha. Ndipo golide, motero amakhala wovuta kwambiri. Ndikufuna nditapemphanso anthu kuti akhale anthu mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Nkhani yopezeka
Mu 1850, katswiri wazachilengedwe ku England dzina lake Brian Hodgson ku Tibet adalandira zikopa zaimvi ndi zikopa za nyama zomwe sizikudziwika sayansi, zodziwika bwino kumafuko akumudzi omwe amadziwika kuti "takin" kapena "abale". Koma mchaka cha 1909, atamwalira kale, Zoological Society yaku London idalandira amoyo. Kukhalapo kwa ma takins aku China, otchedwa "golide", kunadziwika mu 1911 kokha.
Malo okhala a Takin
Ma takins ndiomwe amakhala munkhalango za bamboo. Nkhalango zoterezi zimakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri mpaka mamitala 5,000 kupitirira nyanja, osakhala pamwamba. Mapiri a Tibet, Nepal, India, komanso zigawo zina za China ndi malo okhala.
Takin (Budorcas taxicolor).
Maonekedwe a takin
M'mawonekedwe ake, takin amafanana ndi ena oimira ma bovid, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe. Kufanana kuli pamaso pa mutu waukulu wovekedwa ndi nyanga yamphamvu. Chomwe chimafanananso ndi ma bovids ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi lonse.
Kukula kwa takin kumatha kufika 1-1,5 m. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2 mita. Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi 400 kg.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mbiri yokha kwa iwo - kukhalapo kwa nyanga pakati pa oimira amuna ndi akazi, poyamba amadzungulira mbali zina, kenako nkugwada ndi kuwerama.
Ma takina agawidwa m'magulu atatu, mitundu iliyonse imakhala ndi mtundu wake. Kutengera ndi subspecies yomwe takin yake ili, mtundu wake ukhoza kukhala wa imvi, wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena golide, wokhala ndi ma tinsaki a terracotta. Uku ndiye kusiyana kokhako pakati pa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. Mchira wawo ndi waufupi kwambiri, 20 cm okha, chovala pamiyendo, m'mbali ndi khosi ndichopera. Koma asanatsimikizire kuti takin analidi wachibale wa ng'ombe, asayansi adatchulira umboni wambiri.
Ma takina amapezeka m'nkhalango za bamboo, pamtunda wa 2000 - 4500 m.
Ngakhale ng'ombe zimafanana, kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti zokolola zimayandikira kwambiri nkhosa. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa amatilola kuyitanitsa abale awo apamtima - mbawala ndi anthambo ndi shaggy musk ng'ombe.
Ma takins ndi zitsanzo zomveka bwino za kusinthika kwa chisinthiko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufanana kwa mitunduyo sikufotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kholo limodzi, koma ndi malo omwewo.
Zolemba za zakudya za Takin
Nyama zodzala kwambiri. Zonse zomwe ndimatumba omwe amakhala ndi ma takins omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo. Nthawi zambiri chakudya chawo chimakhala mosses, zitsamba, udzu, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, masamba a Rhododendron, makungwa a mitengo, masamba a bamboo.Ngakhale kuti oimirira awa a nyama zokhala ndi m'mawere ndi akulu kwambiri, amatha kukwera miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, motero amatha kupeza chakudya kutalika kwamamita atatu.
Takin adalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Ma takina amafunika mchere ndi mchere, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo okhala ndi mchere wamadzi. Amadyetsa makamaka masana.
Khalidwe ndi kuswana kwa ma takin
Ma takins amakhala odzipereka kwambiri kumalo awo okhala. Ngakhale kudula mitengo mwachisawawa sikungawakakamize kuti asamuke kumalo komwe amakhala. Amayendayenda kuchokera m'mapiri mpaka kutsika, pomwe nyengo yozizira imayamba, ndipo mosakhalitsa, amatukuka kwambiri m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala limodzi, nthawi zina mpaka anthu 100 pagulu limodzi.
M'miyezi yotentha, amasungidwa. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Julayi ndipo imatha mu Ogasiti. Mkazi woyembekezera amakhala ndi mwana wa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Mwana mmodzi yekha amabadwa amene amalemera pafupifupi 7 kg. M'masiku oyambilira amoyo, ndiwofatsa kwambiri, amatha mosavuta kukhala ozunza ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti khungubwe liyime pamapazi ake m'masiku atatu oyamba amoyo.
Nyama ndi khungu la nyama zamtunduwu ndizofunika kwambiri pakati pa osaka, chifukwa chake mitundu yamadzi yokhala pangozi.
Kwenikweni, omwe angathe kukhala adani awo ndi zimbalangondo ndi mimbulu. Koma nthawi zambiri samazunza achikulire. Ndikofunikira kuganiza kuti takin ndi yopusa komanso sichigwira ntchito. Pakakhala zoopsa, amalumphira pamiyala, nthawi yomweyo ndikupereka ziwonetsero kuzidziwitsa gulu lonse. Nthawi zina amapanga kaphokoso kowopsa kapena kubangula.
Komabe, adani akuluakulu a ma takin si nyama zolusa, koma anthu. Kuphatikiza apo kufalikira kwa mitengo padziko lonse kumachitika, momwe mumakhala nyama, nthawi zambiri imaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi khungu. Chiwerengero cha anthu akukwera ngakhale ku China, komwe takin ndi chuma cha dziko lonse.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.