Systematics a banja: Microhylidae Gunther = Mitundu yopyapyala, yaying'ono-nkhandwe Dinani apa
Mtundu: Chaperina Mocquard = Shortcats wa Spurian
Mtundu: Chiasmocleis Mehely = Wachifupi waku America
Mtundu: Choerophryne van Kampen = Mpweya Wofupikitsa
Mtundu: Cophixalus Boettger = Lazuni
Mtundu: Cophyla Boettger = Njira Zachidule
Mtundu: Copiula Mehely = Wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera
Mtundu: Ctenophryne Mocquard = Chingwe Chowonda-Chaching'ono
Mtundu: Dasypops Miranda-Ribeiro = Lumpy Short-head
Mtundu: Dermatonotus Mehely = Carapace Narrows
Mtundu: Discophus Grandidier = Wofupikitsafupi
Chingwe: Elachistocleis Parker H. =
Mtundu: Gastrophryne Fitzinger = Furrow yopapatiza
Mtundu: Gastrophrynoides Noble = Borneo Narrows
NEXTLINE QuAXI Banja (Microhylidae Gunther)
Oimira banja lino (mitundu 262, genera 61) amagawidwa kwambiri ku Southeast Asia, malo osungirako zinthu zaku Mala, ku North (Central and South America, Africa ndi Australia.
Mitundu ya Microhyla ili ndi mitundu 18. Mtundu wa Kaloula uli ndi mitundu 6 yapadera pakudya nyerere ndi chiswe; amakhala ku South ndi East Asia ndi malo azisumbu aku Malaika.
Achule a mitengo iwiri, a Stereocyclops, omwe amakhala ku South America, amatha kusintha pang'ono pakudya. Khungu loonda lakumbuyo kwa nyamayi limakhala ndi madontho akuluakulu omwe amatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa mlengalenga, ndikupanga mtundu wa carapace - njira yotchinjiriza ku chiswe. Kuphatikiza pa izi, mphete ya mafupa imazungulira maso.
CAROLINA (Microchyla carolinensis) ndi wokhala ku North America, ali ndi kutalika kwa 30 - 35 mm. Nyama yokhala ndi mbeuyoyi imasiyana ndi achule ena okhala ndi thupi lodzala ndi dzira, imakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo ndipo imafunikira chinyezi ndi nthaka, yokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amakhala tsiku lonse m'makola kapena pansi pa mitengo yowola. Kuyambika kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Kulira kwamphongo kuli ngati mawu a llama. Wamkazi, womwe ndi wocheperako kuposa wamphongo, amayikira mazira 40.
NARROW SHORTWOOD (Microchyla pulchra) 28- 35 mm kutalika ndilofala ku Southeast China. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira kapena kokoleti okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda wamtambo ndi mawanga amdima. Kutsogolo kwa ntchafu kuli chikasu kwa lalanje. Amakhala mdera lamapiri, lokhala ndi udzu wochepa komanso zitsamba zaumwini. Amatha kudumpha mamita 3. Amatuluka mu March mpaka Meyi m'madzi ochepa. Madzi, osakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, 23-27 ° C, phokoso, pafupifupi tadpoles, pomwe ma chule osambira amawoneka bwino.
NARROW EAST AFRICAN (Brevicept mosambicus) amadziwika ndi malamulo akhungu kwambiri, mutu waufupi, woponderezana mosakhalitsa, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumatuluka, kamwa yaying'ono ndi maso owongoka kutsogolo. Miyendo yake ndiyifupi kwambiri ndipo yabisika pakhungu la thunthu mpaka kumalumikizana ndi miyendo, ngakhale kuti imapangidwa kwambiri. Pa chidendene pali chimanga chokulungidwa chokumbira ndi m'mphepete, chomwe chimakumba. Kumbuyo kuli ndi mtundu waufi-wofiirira, kumbali - bulauni. Itha kukhala ya monochromatic kapena yophimbidwa ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wakuda. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mzere wakuda womwe umayambira kuchokera pansi mpaka kumbuyo. Pansi pakepo pali zoyera ndi malo akuda pakhosi. Kutalika kwa thupi 50 mm. Zambiri zimawoneka pambuyo pa mvula. Nyengo yosiyidwa imayikidwa m'manda. Mwinanso amadya chakudya chambiri.
NARROW GUINEA NARROW (Asterophrys robusta) mu chule cha mtengowu, mazira akuluakulu ochepa amalumikizidwa bwino. Wamphongo amaphimba ndi thupi lake ndikuphimba kumaso kwake. Kukula konse kumachitika dzira, ndipo mchira umagwira ngati chida chopumira.
NARROW SPOT (Phrynomantis microps) imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa thupi kwambiri. Mbali yonse ya kumtunda kwake ndi ya mtundu wowala wokhala ndi njerwa komanso wowala wagolide wobiriwira pakati kumbuyo, mbali za mutu ndi thupi zimasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi utoto wakuda bii ndipo utoto wakuda umazunguliridwa ndi utoto wakumbuyo kwakanthawi kakhondo kakang'ono kwambiri. Mbali yamkatiyo ndi yotuwa komanso yosalala. Imafika kukula kwa chule wamba. Wokhala ndi luso lotha kudumpha, limakwawa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma limapereka chithunzi cha nyama yosinthika. Amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso zinthu zomwe ndi zochepa kwambiri kubisala, komanso ming'alu yopapatiza komanso mafambo opendekera. Chimadyera pa chiswe.
Njira ya chule yamapiko
Zimapezeka m'malo otentha kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi, zikutsogolera moyo wamtunda kapena mtengo.
Mitundu ina yaphunzira kukhala ndi moyo m'malo otentha, chifukwa cha momwe tadpole yazimiririka: zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo mu dothi lonyowa, momwe metamorphosis imachitikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayifupi.
Achule a squat amagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo. Nthawi yayitali yogwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira
Mitundu yambiri ya achule a mapiko opapatiza imakhazikika pakudya chakudya chamasamba ndi nyerere. Achule aafupi-azala atakhala ku South America amadya chakudya chambiri.
Chilengedwe chinateteza achule a mitengo awa ku kulumidwa ndi chimbudzi: kumbuyo kwawo kumakhala tiziwalo timene timatulutsa, tomwe timadzimadzi timadzimadzi timene timatulutsa mpweya. Kuphatikiza pa chigobacho, maso amatetezedwa ndi mphete.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya achule a mapiko opapatiza
M'banja locheperako, muli mabanja 14, mitundu 54, ndi mitundu 175. Potengera mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake, achule a mitengo awa ndi osiyanasiyana. Nayi mitundu yamitundu ya achule apachifuwa:
• Mitundu yopapatiza yaku America,
• Mitundu ya Shportsovye,
• Mitundu yopumira m'mutu,
• Borneo tatifupi,
• Makina osinthika,
• Chopingasa chopapatiza
• Lazuny,
• Tsitsi loyera,
• Makabudula ofiira,
• Mphuno zazifupi,
• Furrow yopapatiza,
• Ma njira amtundu wa Shell ndi ena ambiri.
Mitundu yopyapyala ndi amphibians oviparous. Akazi amayikira mazira pamalo osungira pomwe pali tadpoles.
Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yosangalatsa ya achule ang'onoang'ono.
Carolinka
A nkhandwe zazing'onozi zimakhala ku North America. Kutalika kwa thupi la carolinka kuli pafupifupi 30-35 mamilimita.
Carolina ndi wokalamba kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banjamo momwe adapangira dzira.
Caroline amakhala moyo wamadzulo. Amakhala m'malo okhala ndi dothi lonyowa komanso masamba ambiri. Masana amabisala m'makola pansi pa mitengo yowola.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa carolina igwera pa Epulo-Seputembara. Amuna akufuula ngati llamas. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Pali mazira 40 mu cholembera cha carolinka.
Carolinka (Gastrophryne carolinensis).
East african yopapatiza
Kutalika kwa thupi laku East Africa kufikirira mpaka 50 mamilimita. Chizindikiro cha achule oterewa ndi thupi lambiri, mutu wocheperako, phokoso losalala, maso otsogola kutsogolo komanso pakamwa losaya. Omwe am'mapazi a East Africa ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, mpaka cholumikizira molowera komwe amabisala pakhungu, koma miyendo imakula. Pa chidendene pali chimanga chachikulu cholunjika, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba pansi. Kumbuyo kwake kuli kofiirira, ndipo mbali zake ndi zofiirira.
Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wa monochrome kapena wamtundu wakuda. Pamizere pali mzere wakuda, womwe umayambira kuchokera pansi mpaka kumbuyo. Mimba ndi khosi zimakhala zoyera. Pamalo pomwepo pali malo akulu akuda.
Amakhala nyengo yoipa ikuboweka pansi. Zakudya za achule awa mwina zimakhala zandalama.
Mitundu yocheperako ku East Africa imawoneka yambiri mvula ikamagwa.
Kufotokozera ndi moyo
Chigoba cha Mchaka (Ma Breviceps macrops) - Mitundu yayitali-yaying'ono (40-60 mm kutalika) Mitundu yopapatiza, yokhala ndi malire komanso yoperewera. Utoto wake ndi utoto wa chilengedwe. Kumbuyo kwa chule kumeneku, malo ang'onoang'ono akuwonekera bwino, malo ndi kukula kwake ndizomwe zimapangidwira aliyense payekhapayekha. Kunja, awa ndi ophatikizika a ku Africa okhala ndi thupi lozungulira, lalifupi ndi miyendo yaying'ono. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya Mitundu yopapatiza, iye ali ndi maso akulu kwambiri ndi miyendo yoluka, yofanana ndi mafosholo. Omalizawa ndi chida chokumba. Dera lalifupi limakhala nthawi yayitali m'makola awo, ndipo limangosiya kumdima.
Chule wamtengo wapatali
Kutalika kwa thupi la chule chopendekera chopendekera kumayambira 28 mamilimita. Achule awa ndi ochulukirapo ku Southeast China. Kumbuyo kuli chokoleti kapena mtundu wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima komanso mawonekedwe amdima atatu. Kutsogolo kwa ntchafu kumachokera kufupi-ofiira mpaka ofiira.
Achule a mitengo yopanda mapiko amakhala m'malo a mapiri okhala ndi tchire komanso udzu wochepa. Achule awa amatha kudumphira kutalika kwa 3 mita. Nyengo yakuberekera kwaiwo imachitika kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Meyi.
Akazi amayikira mazira m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono. Ma teppo ndi ma tepi pafupifupi owonekera amakula m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa pamtunda wa 23-28 madigiri. Tadpoles timakhala ndi nembanemba yosambira pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndipo mwa akulu palibe nembanemba.
Kupanga utoto wamitengo yopapatiza kumakhala kofiyira, lalanje, bulauni, maluwa okongola a azitona.
Zosiyanasiyana
Achule awa ali ndi utoto wokongola kwambiri. Mbali yakumwambako ndi njerwa zowala, ndipo pakati pake pamabowola golide wobiriwira. Mbali ndi thupi ndi mutu zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi kumbuyo kwake, popeza ndi zakuda. Pali makona atatu akumbuyo kumbuyo. Mimba imakhala yotuwa ndi mitundu ing'onoing'ono yaying'ono yowala.
Motley ukzoroty brisk kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito mwaluso ngakhale mipata yaying'ono ndi kukwiya komwe amabisala, kudya chakudya chochepa.
Zabudula zopapatiza sizimatha kudumpha, zimangokwawa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Watsopano waku Guinea
Mu achule awa, amphongo amasamalira kumanga, amatseka ndi thupi lake ndikuphimba matako ake akuluakulu ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo, yolumikizana wina ndi mzere. Kukula kumachitika dzira, ndipo mchira ndi gawo lopumira la tadpole.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Habitat ndi kufotokoza kwa nyamayo
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Tomato Frogs kapena Tomato Frogs adapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar kudera la Antongil Bay, komwe amapeza dzina lawo lenileni "Anthilia" - Dyscophus antongilii.
Malo achilengedwe a achule a phwetekere ndi nkhalango zam'mapiri zotentha, mitsinje, malo osungirako madzi abwino, malo abwino, malo, minda, minda yakumidzi, malo amatauni, nkhalango zakale, madamu, mitsinje ndi madambo.
Phwetekere ya achule imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi, imatsogolera njira yokhala pamtunda, imakonda kudziyika pansi, sakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, ndipo imagwira ntchito usiku kwambiri.
Achule a Akuluakulu a Tomato amadya nsikidzi, udzudzu, ntchentche ndi ma invertebrates ena ang'onoang'ono. Amasaka abisalire, kudikirira moleza mtima.
Utali wamoyo kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 zaka.
& nbsp Akazi amafikira 10,5 cm ndi kulemera kwa 230 g ndipo kukula kwambiri kuposa amuna, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 6.5 cm ndi kulemera kwa 41 g.
& nbsp Ndipo akukhulupirira kuti mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa Tomato Frogs umatetezedwa ku zilombo, kuphatikiza mitundu yonse yopanda phokoso ya Tomato, monga amphala ena ambiri opanda mchira, amatha kulowerera thupi, ndikukulitsa kukula kwawo ndikuwopsezedwa. Pakakhala vuto la chilombo cholusa, achule a Tomato amabisalira phula, zomata komanso zapoizoni zomwe zimakwiyitsa ziwalo za mucous zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mdaniyo amasule nyama yake.
& nbsp Zinthu zotsalira zomwe phokoso la Tomato limachita mosabisa zimakhala ndi poizoni zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri mwa anthu, koma sizowopsa.
Zinthu zosunga ndi kudyetsa chiweto
Phwetekere ya chule imawonedwa ngati chiweto chotchuka, chomvera, chochezeka komanso chosavuta kusamalira. Kusunga achule a Tomato, malo ojambulira okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala opanda kanthu komanso osalala osachepera 5 cm amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mintium Terrarium posunga masamba atatu a tomato - malita 15.
Gawo laling'ono: osakaniza moss, peat ndi humus wothira dothi.
Utali wamoyo Achule a phwetekere a zaka 6-8.
Malo okhala mu terarium: mitengo yakuwala, zidutswa za makungwa, zomera komanso zamoyo.
Kusamba: Chidebe champhamvu chomwe chimapangidwanso m'chigawo chokhala ndi kuya kosaposa 1/2 kutalika kwa nyama ndi madzi oyera, osalala. Sinthani madzi pafupipafupi kuti muzikhala oyera.
Kutentha kwakukulu mu terarium: Kutentha kwa chipinda kwa 22-25 ° C ndikokwanira, koma osachepera 18 komanso osapitirira 30 ° C.
Chinyezi chowoneka bwino mu terarium: chinyezi mumtunda wa 70-80%.
Zowunikira Zoyaka: Kuti mukhale wathanzi, chule safunikira kuyatsa kwa chule la phwetekere, koma pangafunikire ngati pali mbewu yamoyo ku terarium. Achule a phwetekere munthawi ya kukula, kuti apewe ma ricores, ndikofunikira kupereka radiation yofewa ya ultraviolet, yomwe imatha kuyatsidwa kwa maola angapo patsiku.
Kudyetsa Akulu A Zinyama Achikulire: zitini, mphutsi za ufa, kafadala, nyongolotsi, mbewa zaka zitatu ndi mphutsi za ntchentche. Pafupipafupi kudyetsa - kamodzi masiku awiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza calcium (kawiri pa sabata) ndi zowonjezera mavitamini (kamodzi pa sabata) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
25.07.2017
Vinyo wopendekera (lat. Dyscophus guinetti) ndiwofalikira kuchokera ku banja la Uzkorot (lat. Microhylidae). Ndiye m'bale wachibale wapamtima kwambiri wa chule. Mabuku achingelezi amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lonyenga Falato Frog. Mtunduwu ndiwopeka ndipo mabungwe ake sanapezekebe mpaka pano.
Kufalitsa
Mabotolo amvinyo ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya Madagascar yomwe ili kumapeto. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula kum'mawa kwa chilumbachi. Malire a kumpoto kwa malowa amadutsa m'chigawo cha Sambava, komanso kum'mwera ku Vondroso ndi Soavala. Anthu ambiri amapezeka kumwera kwa Antsikhanak ndi Firenan.
Mtunduwu umapezeka pamapiri a nkhalango zotentha komanso zam'malo otsetsereka pakati pa 150 mpaka 900 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Achule amakhala m'madambo, nyanja, ma bogi a peat ndi zimbudzi zazing'ono zamadzi abwino okhala ndi malo mpaka mahekitala 8.
Khalidwe
Amphibian amatsogolera moyo wobisalira usiku. Masana, amabisala pogona, ndipo usiku amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Utoto wotetezedwa umawopseza adani. Pokhala atasokonezeka, amatupa, ndipo khungu lake limakutidwa ndi mankhwala onunkhira a utoto woyera. Zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwamo zimatha kumangirira pang'ono pakamwa pa wowukira, zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba. Kwa anthu, poizoni wa vinyo wopendekedwayo alibe vuto, koma amayambitsa matupi awo kusokoneza komanso kutupa kwakanthawi kwa malo okhudzidwa ndi khungu.
Chule chimakonda kubisala, chimabisala matalala.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi ntchentche, kafadala, agulugufe ndi mphutsi zawo. Zosinthazo zimakhala ndi ma bollusks, earthworms ndi ena ochepa amphibians. Mlenje amatha kuthana ndi mbewa ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe. Samasilira kwambiri chakudya ndipo amadya cholengedwa chilichonse choyandikira pafupi ndi iye. Chifukwa cha kuwoneka bwino, samayankha pazinthu zokhazikika. Muukapolo, oimira amtunduwu amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi crickets.
Kuswana
Mitunda yopapatiza imakhala yokhwima pakufika zaka chimodzi. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Okutobala ndipo imatha mu Marichi, zikugwirizana ndikutha kwa mvula. Mwambo wokomera thupi umagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha achule a phwetekere. Yaikazi imayikira mazira m'matumba omwe amalumikizana ndi zomera zam'madzi kapena kuyandama momasuka pamadzi. Mu thumba limodzi mumatha kukhala mazira pafupifupi 1500. Kutentha pafupifupi 24 ° C, makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi maola 36.
Mphutsi zosamwa zilibe mano, ndipo kutalika kwake sikoposa 6 mm. Amadyera algae ndi plankton. Pa miyezi 1.5-2, kutalika kwa matupi awo limodzi ndi mchira ukufika 50-55 mm. Akakwanitsa miyezi iwiri, amamaliza metamorphosis ndikusintha makope ang'onoang'ono a akulu.Achinyamata ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi Chytridiomycota ndi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Pakati pa nyama zodwala, amafa kwambiri, motero ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Kutalika kwa achule ang'onoang'ono kukafika 2 cm, amapanga mtundu wachikulire.
Vinyo wopendekeka bwino amakhala ndi mizu mchipinda ndipo samafuna chisamaliro chovuta kwambiri. Malo amodzi amatha kuphatikiza zingapo mwazinyama, koma ayenera kukhala ofanana. Chule imodzi imafuna malo okhala osachepera 30x40 cm. Kutalika kwa malo ojambulira sikumachita mbali yapadera, koma ndikofunikira kuti akhale osachepera 35. Chinyontho chotsimikizidwa cha mpweya ndi 70% ndipo kutentha ndi 23 ° -28 ° C. Masana limatha maola 10-12. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kukhala nyali zamagetsi zamagetsi otsika. Usiku, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera chinyezi mpaka 90% mwa kupopera mbewu m'makoma am'kati mwa terarium ndi madzi ofunda.
Powotchera, makatani okutentha nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amaphimba zosakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pansi kapena makoma ali nanu. Ngati dothi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo loyambira la coconut lopangidwa ndi amphibians. Chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito kwa achule, amatha kudyetsedwa kamodzi masiku awiri. Amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amadyetsa mphutsi zokhala ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta ochulukirapo komanso mafobas pang'ono momwe angathere. Zotsalira za chakudya ndi zinyalala zanyama zimayenera kuchotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Chotengera chija chimayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikungodzaza madzi oyera.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa amuna ndi 60-65 mm, ndipo akazi 90-95 mm. M'mbuyomu, kumbuyo kumakhala utoto wotumbululuka, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi malalanje ofiira. Nthawi zina madontho ofiira ambiri amawonekera kumbuyo. Mimba imakhala yotsekemera kapena yoyera. Mizere yamdima imayenda m'mphepete.
Pangani olimba komanso olemera. Mutu waukulu wotambalala umatha ndi mutu wopendekera. Nsagwada yapansi imakhala ndi mano ang'ono. Maso ndi okulirapo komanso kutalikirana, ana ndi owazungulira. Eardrum imawoneka bwino. Pakati pa zala zakumiyendo zam'mbuyo ndizosambira. Alinso ndi chimanga chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba mabowo. Miyendo ndiyifupi koma sinasinthidwe kuti idumphe, koma kukwera. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa vinyo-woweta-kuthengo kuthengo ndi zaka 8-10.