Banja la Rainbow ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera omwe amakhala ku Australia, Indonesia, ndi New Guinea. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi banja lonse - oimira ake amapakidwa utoto, utoto wokongola. Nsomba zonse zimakhala mwamtendere, zimachita zambiri. Mauta am'madzi amtundu wa aquarium nthawi zambiri amalolera ku nazale, nsomba zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Dzina lachiwiri la nsomba ndi melanotenia.
Zosiyanitsa, zomwe zimafala pamilambo yonse ndi thupi lozungulira lomwe mbali zake zonse zimasanjika. Malipiro a dorsal ndiwotalika, ogawika magawo awiri: lalikulu ndi laling'ono laling'ono. Ma anal fin nawonso amakhala aatali komanso ma symmetrically komwe amakhala. Ndalama ya caudal ndiyabwino. Mauta amadzimadzi a Aquarium ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasiyana mu mawonekedwe a morphological. Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 5 cm masentimita, amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Amakhala mu ukapolo zaka 5-8.
Mbiri yazamoyo ndi malo, kufotokozera
Utawaleza iris ndi nsomba chowala cha mtundu wa Melanotenia. Kwawo kwa anthu okhala pansi pamadzi ndi madziwe ang'onoang'ono a Australia ndi New Zealand, koma lero ali ponseponse padziko lapansi.
Mu aquarium, iris adawoneka m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo pamapeto pake adayambitsa Europe.
Nsomba zazing'onozi, zosapitirira 5-6 cm m'litali, ngakhale pansi pazachilengedwe zina toyesa zimakula mpaka 15-16 cm.
Miyezo yama ray a nsomba ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yowala. Mawonekedwe a thupi ali ngati mitundu ya carp - pafupifupi yozungulira komanso yozungulira kuchokera kumbali. Pamutu yaying'ono maso akulu owoneka.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya iris ndi katundu wamiyeso yake kuti imanyezimira bwino komanso yowala m'mawa, madzulo mitunduyo imazimiririka pang'ono, imawoneka yosadukiza.
Atherina nigrans ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la iris, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri mu banja ili.
Nsomba zamtunduwu zidafotokozedwa koyamba ndi ichthyologist John Richardson mu 1834, ngakhale atatha kukambirana za sayansi, banja losiyana la iris lidangopatulidwa mu 1964 (limagwira ntchito ndi Jan Monroe).
Melanotaeniidae amatanthauza riboni wakuda. Dzinali la mtunduwu ndi chifukwa chakuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya iris, Mzere wakuda umadutsa thupi.
Zithunzi zojambula za nsomba za iris:
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitsinje ya Australia ikuyenda munkhalango ndi m'mapiri, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazing'ono komanso zopanda phokoso. Zimapezekanso kuzilumba za Indonesia komanso ku Papua New Guinea. Lero, chilengedwe ichi chikufa ndipo mauta ambiri sapezeka, amangozimiririka kumaso kwa Dziko lapansi.
Kuthengo, nsomba izi zimasinthasintha kutentha kwakukulu - kuyambira + 4 ... + 11 ° C m'nyengo yozizira mpaka +36 ° C m'chilimwe. Koma m'malo achibadwa omwe ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwamafuta, nthawi zambiri amadwala.
Utawaleza
Iris ndi chozizwitsa cha aquarium yakunyumba.
Utawaleza, kapena iris - Banja losangalatsa komanso lalikulu la nsomba zamadzi oyera, obadwira ku Australia, New Guinea ndi Indonesia.
Zamoyo zamtendere komanso zopanda chidwi ndi zolengedwa zambiri zam'madzi zomwezi zimatchuka kwambiri posachedwapa, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Komabe, kwa nthawi yoyamba, zochulukirapo Zaka 150 kubwerera! Dzina labambo (Melanotaeniidae) limamasuliridwa kuti "tepi yakuda", chifukwa m'mitundu yambiri mumakhala mzere wamdima wowoneka bwino kapena wowoneka bwino pakati pa nsomba.
Dzina lina lodziwika ndi iris , ali ndi chifukwa chachilendo cha utoto, mobwerezabwereza utawaleza. Mukukongoletsa, mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri ya mitundu yowala imapezeka! Utoto wowala kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale mamba a neon "acidic" osawonongeka, amawonekera ku iris m'mawa. Pofika madzulo, kuwala kumayamba kuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza koyambirira kwa mitundu ndi neon kuwala kumapangitsa nsomba izi kukhala zokongoletsera zoyenera za aquarium iliyonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri zam'madzi!
Posachedwa, kukongola kwa utawaleza wa neon kwasandulika imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi.
Pakati pa zokongoletsera zodziwika bwino kwambiri, mitundu yambiri imadziwika.
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Kutentha kambiri kuposa utawaleza. Colours imagawidwa pakati - kutalika kwa nsomba. Thupi lam'mwambalo ndiwotukukira, ndipo m'mimba mumatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yobiriwira kapena siliva. Iris iyi ndi yokongola modabwitsa, makamaka mosiyana ndi yofiyira.
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Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi abale ake mumtundu wachilendo wamitundu iwiri ndi zipsepse. Mtundu woyamba wa thupi la nsomba ndi utoto. “Kuzungulira” ndi kutsogolo kwa thupilo kumapentedwa. M ziphuphu ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi lalanje owala kapena wachikasu. Komabe, mtunduwu sukupitilira, koma m'magulu angapo masikelo - izi zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa komanso kuwoneka kowoneka bwino. Kuti tithandizire kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa nsomba, zomwe zimapezeka m'madzimo ziyenera kukhala zakuda, ndikuwunikira kuyenera kukhala kofewa komanso kosakanikirana.
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Wokongola modabwitsa komanso wapamwamba. Mtundu wa nsomba zonsezi ndi mithunzi ya utoto wofiirira, wofiirira, pomwe imakhala yowala ndi golide! Wosachita manyazi komanso wokonda chidwi kwambiri ndi ma irises onse, amakonda zomera za aquarium kuposa ena.
Oimira ena a banja lino amasiyana osati mitundu yowala ndi utawaleza, komanso zachilendo, nthawi zina zodabwitsa, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi zipsepse. Mauta amvula awa sakonda kwenikweni ndi am'madzi am'madzi chifukwa ndi ochepa modekha, komanso ndiwowoneka bwino komanso osiyana ndi kukongola ndi mawonekedwe:
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Mukamasunga iris Ndikofunikira kukumbukira ndikusunga mfundo zina:
Mitundu yonse kusunga mtundu wawo wapadera kokha pokhapokha pakuwasamalira moyenerera. Kuphwanya ulamuliro wa kutentha, kudyetsa mosayenera, kusinthasintha kwa madzi kapena kupsinjika - zonsezi zimatha kuyipitsa mithunzi kapena kutayika kwathunthu kwa mitundu.
Anthuwo amakhala ndi kamwa laling'ono ndipo amadya chakudya makamaka kumtunda kwamadzi, samatukula chakudya kuchokera pansi. Pamenepa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kapena dothi liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zambiri, ngakhale lingathe kuwonjezeredwa ngati oyandikana ndi amphaka amtundu wina, omwe angadye chakudya chomwe chatsika pansi.
Anthu onse am'banjamo amadya chakudya chanyama ndi nyama. Adzakhala osangalala kukhala ndi magazi, tubule, artemia ndi crustaceans yaying'ono. Simuyenera kungokhala chakudya chongopeka, chifukwa izi zimatha kusokoneza thanzi la nsomba!
Iris - zolengedwa sizabwino komanso zamtendere, chifukwa chake zimakonda mtundu wamtundu wawo. Chifukwa cha machitidwe otere, ndi oyenera kukhala oyandikana ndi nsomba zam'madzi zambiri zomwe sizikudya.
Mwachilengedwe, samalimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa ndi zilombo zolusa kapena nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala zankhanza. Oyandikana nawo oyipa adzakhalanso nsomba zagolide, ma eel ndi arthropod okhala m'madzimo.
Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano, malo achilengedwe a omwe amayimira madzi am'madzi awa akuwonongedwa kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ina ikusowa.
Kuti zolengedwa zokongola modabwitsa zizitisangalatsa osati m'malo osungira nyama, komanso m'malo achilengedwe, kwakhazikitsidwa pulogalamu yapadera yothandizira kupulumutsa ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala.
Utawaleza walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo kugwidwa kwawo mwanjira nkoletsedwa!
Axelrod's Melanotenia
Kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba zamtunduwu ndi 8-9 cm. Thupi ndi lalitali, golide kapena mkuwa. Zowanda zazimuna (zazikulu ndi zazikulu ndi zowala) ndizofiyira kapena zachikasu, ndipo mwa akazi ndizowonekera.
Parkinson's iris (Melanotaenia parkinsoni)
Anthu okhala padziko lapansi pansi pamadziwo amasangalala ndi mitundu yowala. Mawonekedwe awo oyambilira ndi siliva, koma malo akulu owoneka-ofiira kapena amtundu wamalanje amtunduwu "amawombedwa" kumbali zake. Amakhala pafupi ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi.
Iriaterina Werner
Tinsomba tokhala ngati utawaleza (4-5 masentimita mu kusungidwa kwa aquarium, mpaka masentimita 7-8 m'chilengedwe) tili ndi matupi ofiira agolide ndi maula owoneka bwino - mchirawo ndi wokumbika, chitsimikizo cha dorsal ndi wamtali, ndipo amkati mwake ndi aatali kwambiri komanso opindika tuluka patali kupitirira mchira.
Melanotenia Bleher (Chilatherina bleheri)
Ikukulira kutalika kwakuthupi kokwanira thupi - kuchokera 4 mpaka 11 cm. Kutsogolo kwa thupi ndi mutu wa nsombazi kupakidwa utoto wamasiliva, wobiriwira, wagolide. Koma amuna okha ndi owala, achikazi ndi osiliva kapena amtambo. Zowonjezerazo ndizochepa, zaudongo.
Buluu kapena humpback melanotenia (Melanotaenia splendida)
Kutalika kwa nsomba izi kumayambira masentimita 7 mpaka 11. Mapulogalamu atatu amadziwika, omwe amasiyana mitundu:
- Ms. Splendida - thupi lamkuwa ndi maula ofiira.
- Ms. Anthu a ku Australia ndi thupi lamtambo ndi zipsepse zofiira.
- Ms. Inornata - silvery, zipsepse zamtundu wofiira.
Mitundu yofiyira kapena iris iris (Glossolepis incisus)
Nsomba zowala kwambiri, zopakidwa matani ofiira okhala ndi maula ambiri amphamvu. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa amuna omwe afika mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 5-7.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Utawaleza uyenera kusungidwa mu gulu, momwe chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 69 mitu.
Kuti mupeze nsomba izi kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Tanki iyenera kukhala yopambana - malita 80-100 ndi zokonda ziyenera kupatsidwa mawonekedwe amakona. Kutalika sikofunikira, kotero kayendedwe ka gulu nthawi zonse kamagona mokhazikika m'malo mozungulira ndege.
- Ndikofunikira kuti musankhe filler yoyenera pansi. Ndikwabwino kuti ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono tozungulira kapena mchenga wabwino, chifukwa nsomba izi zimagwira kwambiri ndipo zinthu zoyipa zimatha kuvulazidwa. Ndikwabwino ngati dothi limakhala lakuda, nsomba za utawaleza zimawoneka bwino kwambiri poyambira kale. Pazokongoletsa, muyenera kusankha zovala zopanda lakuthwa konsekonse.
- Ndikofunika kuti zisamadzaze dziwe lochita kupanga ndi zokongoletsera komanso mbewu zam'madzi kusiya malo okwanira osunthira iris.
- Zomera zibzalidwe zolimba ndikukula pansi filler. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika pafupi ndi khoma la thankiyo kuti kutsogolo kuli kwaulere kusuntha.
- Utawaleza umakonda kuwala, motero ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa aquarium kuti dzuwa litayigwere pomwepo. Ndikofunikira kuperekanso kuunikira kokumba kuti kukulitse masana a maola 12.
- Zosintha ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Kukonzanso kwamadzi kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa osachepera 33% mlungu uliwonse. Jeti ndiyofunika mphamvu zokwanira, chikondi cha iris chimathamanga kwambiri.
- Ma parameter am'madzi omwe amakhala osavuta kwambiri kwa nsomba za utawaleza ndi kutentha + 23 ... + 27 ° C, kuuma ndi acidity ndikodalira mitundu. Kusintha kosinthasintha kwa zinthu zamafuta sikuyenera.
- Kuthandiza pakubwezeretsa nkofunika kwambiri. Izi nsomba zimakhala tcheru kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi. Ndi kuperewera kwake, amavutika, chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa, ndipo njira zofunika zimachepetsa.
Kudyetsa
Nsomba za utawaleza zimapezekanso m'malo awo okhala. M'dziwe lochita kupanga, amasangalala kudya zakudya zilizonse, ndikosavuta kudyetsa zakudya zouma zopaka pang'onopang'ono.
Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yazodyetsa yomwe imatsika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa sizikhala pansi pa iris.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti asamamwetse nsomba zambiri pofuna kupewa kunenepa kwambiri.
Kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata, monga kuvala pamwamba, mutha kuwapatsa:
- chimfine,
- Artemia nauplii,
- wopanga chitoliro
- spirulina mapiritsi
- saladi wosankhidwa bwino, nkhaka, zukini, sipinachi.
Kugwirizana ndi machitidwe
Nsomba za utawaleza ndi zamtendere komanso zoseketsa pamadzi. Amagwira, motero ndikofunikira kupereka chophimba kapena ma meshi chivundikiro cha m'madzi.
Palibe amene azikhala munthawi imodzi, ndi gulu lokha lomwe mwa akazi awiri kapena anayi amuna okhaokha ndi amuna kapena amuna.
Imawoneka bwino dziwe lochita kupanga, lomwe lili ndi mitundu ingapo ya melanotenia.
Pecilia, barbus, zebrafish, cockerel wagolide, angelfish ndi oyenera kukhala oyandikana nawo;
Nsomba za utawaleza zimakonda kusunthira kumtunda kwamadzi, kuti mutha kuwonjezeranso nsomba zapansi - makonde, ancytruses, kudya kwa alamu a Siamese, bots.
Sikoyenera kuphatikiza iris ndi zilombo zazikulu, koma ma cichlids ang'onoang'ono adzatha kugwirizana nawo, mwachitsanzo, Tanganyika.
Siamese algae amadya
Matenda otheka
Ngati malo okhala m'madzimo ali pafupi bwino, ndiye kuti iris idzanyezimira ndi mitundu yonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi athanzi. Koma malowedwe akachilengedwe ataphwanyidwa kwambiri, kuwala kowala kumazirala.
Kuphatikiza pakusunga makina oyera oyeretsa, kuthandizira moyenerera ndikuwunikira, ndikofunikira kuwunika mtundu wa chakudya, chifukwa matenda opatsirana ambiri amalowa m malo osungiramo zinthu zakale nawo.
Musanabzale m'nthaka, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titatha kuwagwira yofooka yankho la potaziyamu.
Otsatsa atsopano ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium pokhapokha atawasunga kukhala pawokha-pakavalo.
Zilonda zam'mimba ndi zotupa zikaoneka pamatupi a nsomba za utawaleza, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuti, ma parasite, mwachitsanzo, nyambo ya nsomba, aluma. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mulingo wothandizira ndikupangitsa madzi kukhala otentha. Ayeneranso kuthira mchere pang'ono (pafupifupi supuni ya malita 10).
Pankhani ya "semolina" gwiritsani ntchito yankho la Methylene buluu.
Ngati amayi ochita utawaleza amapatsidwa malo abwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala m'madzimo kwa zaka 5-7.
Kuswana
Kukhwima mu melanotenia kumachitika mu miyezi 6-9. Amuna amakhala akulu nthawi zonse komanso owoneka bwino kuposa akazi.
Pakupanga kwa utawaleza palibe chilichonse chovuta. Poyamba zimadyetsedwa kwambiri, zimakonda zakudya zam'mera. Kenako wamkazi amayikira mazira ndi kukumana ndi wamwamuna. Monga mwachizolowezi, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumachulukana ndikutulutsa kamodzi.
Ngati kuwaza kuyenera kusungidwa, ndiye kuti makolo amawayikira asanatulutse mu yade yapadera, ndipo atatha kutulutsa ndi umuna, ubwamuna umachotsedwa.
Kukula kwakanthawi kochepa - osaposa 35 malita. Zimagwirizana ndi magawo otsatirawa - kutentha + 25 ... + 28 ° C ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu (pafupifupi mayunitsi 10-15), mulingo wa asidi wokhala ndi pafupi ndi ndale. Fyuluta yokhala ndi ndege ndiyofunikira pokonzekera kayendedwe kakang'ono. Zomera zamadzi ndizovomerezeka - ndi chifukwa chake kuti caviar adzaikidwe. Ndikofunika kusankha mitundu yokhala ndi tsamba laling'ono. Madzi nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kumakhudzidwa, chifukwa nyengo zonsezi zimatsata nyengo yamvula.
Yaikazi imatha kutumphuka masiku atatu (nthawi zambiri m'mawa).
Mazira amamangiriridwa ndi ulusi wotalika kwambiri womwe umamatirira masamba a zomera zam'madzi. Mukamayikira mazira 500, omwe amasandulika oyera ndikukhala mitambo ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Pakatha sabata limodzi kapena awiri, kuwombera mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kuyenda ndikudya chakudya kumapeto kwa sabata loyamba la moyo. Kuyamba nyambo ndikwabwino kusankha fumbi lokhalokha.Kenako pang'onopang'ono yambitsani zakudya zatsopano m'zakudya, ndikupatsa mtundu wawo mbewu.
Melanotenia amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo kumene mitundu yoyambirira imayamba kuonekera. Kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, iris imatha kuonedwa ngati akuluakulu.
Zosangalatsa
Nsomba za utawaleza ndi amodzi mwa anthu okongola kwambiri okhala m'madziwe owetera. Koma kuwala kowoneka bwino sikutengera mkhalidwe waumoyo, momwe zimakhalira zimakhudzanso.
Ngati pamakhala zovuta pamadzi, ndiye kuti gulu lonse limakhala losakhazikika. Chifukwa chake nsomba izi zimatha kutchedwa kuti barometer ya mkhalidwe wamavuto wamunthu wam'madzi.
Koma nthawi yosinthira ikangodutsa, mulingo wa asidi-wokhazikika umatulutsidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kumaleka kudumphira, iris imayamba kunyezimira ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, makamaka pakuwala kwachilengedwe.
Zowerengeka zamtundu
M'madzi ofunda a mitsinje ndi nyanja ku Australia, New Zealand ndi zilumba zina ku Indonesia, amakumana ndi nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimasewera ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Anthu sanakhale opanda chidwi ndi kukongola kwa nsomba iyi ndikusamutsa utawaleza wamadzi ku aquarium. Nsomba zosavomerezeka kuti zizolowere malo atsopano ndipo zinayamba kufalikira pakati pa asodzi am'madzi, zomwe zimayamba kutchuka.
Kukula kwa iris, dzina lawo lonse ndi Rainbow melanotenia, ndi laling'ono. Wachikulire amafika kutalika kwa 5-16 masentimita, kutengera mitundu, momwe muli pafupifupi 70 mwachilengedwe.
Koma pofuna kukonza mu aquarium, mitundu yochepa chabe ya melanotenia imakonda kutengedwa. Timayika mndandanda ndikuwonetsa mwachidule.
- Utawaleza Melanotenia McCulloch. Nsomba yaying'ono 60 mm kutalika imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Australia. Amuna amtunduwu amapaka utoto wonyezimira wa azitona. Malo ofiira amawonekera pazitsemba za gill. Mchira wake ndi ofiira wa carmine.
Mtundu wonyezimira ndi wokongola kwambiri wa nsomba panthawi yopanga utoto.
- Neon iris - mbadwa ku New Guinea, komwe amapezeka m'madzi okhala ndi madzi owirira a Mamberamo River ndi madambo ozungulira. Mtundu wonyezimira wamagetsi umakhala ndi mphamvu ya neon, umawonekera kokha mu kuwala kosiyanitsidwa komwe zomera zam'madzi zimapereka. Kutalika kwa nsomba yayikulu pafupifupi 80 mm. Amuna amasiyana amuna ndi akazi mu kukula okulirapo pang'ono ndi pang'ono pang'ono zowala ngati zipsepse zofiira ndi mchira.
Nsomba zimakonda kumata m'gulu la zidutswa za 6-8 ndipo monga zatsopano, zosalowerera ndale, osati madzi okhazikika m'malo osungirako. Kwa gulu lotere, aquarium ya malita 60 ndi yokwanira.
- Nsomba ya Aquarium Turquoise iris (Nyanja ya Melanothenia) kuchokera ku Papua New Guinea. Amakhala mumtunda wamtunda umodzi wokha wa Kutubu ndi mtsinje waung'ono Soro umalowa, womwe uli m'chigawo chakum'mwera kwa Highlands. Kukula kwa nsomba sikupitirira 120 mm. Mtundu wa buluu, wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo wakuda, pomwe amatuluka amapeza utoto wa lalanje kumbuyo. Kukula kwa nsomba kumadalira chakudyacho. Blue melanotenia imakonda madzi atsopano, olimba kwambiri, osagwira ntchito ndi kutentha 20 ° -25 ° C. Kwa gulu la nsomba zisanu ndi imodzi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mumasowa ma aquarium okhala ndi malita osachepera 110 malita.
- Boesman's melanotenia posachedwa adadziwika ndi onse. Kunyumba, ku West Irian, Indonesia, a Boeseman's iris amakhala m'mitsinje itatu yokha ndipo akuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Nsomba zoyamba kubweretsa ku Europe inali njira yopezera anthu osakanizidwa. Kutalika kwa iris wamkulu kumayambira 80 mm mpaka 110 mm. Nsombayi yapakidwa utoto wambiri: utoto wabuluu kuchokera kumutu mpaka pakati thupi umayenda kulowa lalanje-wachikasu kumbuyo.
Kuti mukhale malo abwino, gulu la mvula za Boeseman likufuna malo ocheperako okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 110 kapena kuposerapo, odzazidwa ndi madzi olimba pang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono ndi madzi abwino okhala ndi kutentha kwa 27 ° C mpaka 30 ° C.
- Njira zitatu iris amagawidwa m'madzi onse abwino aku North Australia. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala kutalika kwa 150 mm, pomwe mzere wam'madzi atatuwo umangofika 120 mm kutalika. Mtundu wa nsomba zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe amakhala komanso zakudya. Mwa mithunzi, mitundu ya buluu, yobiriwira, yofiira ndi yachikaso imakhala yayikulu. Koma mosasamala za mtundu wa sikelo, nsomba zonse zimakhala ndi zipsepse zofiira ndi mikwingwirima yamdima yayitali. Psukulu imodzi ya nsomba kuchokera kwa anthu asanu ndi limodzi a6, amafunika madzi okwanira malita 150.
Madzi mu aquarium amayenera kukhala otsetsereka pang'ono, atsopano, olimba, ndi pang'ono zamchere. Kutentha kwamtunda kuyambira 24 ° С mpaka 33 ° С.
- Red iris (Aterina wofiira) amakhala ku Lake Sentany ndi malo oyandikana ndi madzi omwe ali ku New Guinea. Nsomba yowala mpaka 150 mm kutalika imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiira mwaimuna ndi wachikasu mwa akazi. Mtundu wowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi wamphongo wa alpha wa paketi. Zadziwika kuti kutentha kumatsika mpaka kumaloledwa kotsika, mtundu wofiira umakhala wowala kwambiri kwa amuna onse pagululo, pomwe ukuwala kowonjezereka, ma alfa okha omwe atsalira. Ma aquarium ofunikira pamtunduwu ayenera kukhala okwanira malita 150. Madzi atsopano amafunikira, kuwuma kwapakatikati, ndi kutentha kwa 22 ° -25 ° C, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
- Iris Popondetta (Maso a Mtambo Wamtchire) imawoneka ngati albino yokhala ndi maso akulu abuluu. Thupi la nsomba limasinthasintha ndi zipsepa zachikaso. Mimba yokhala ngati rasipiberi. Mwachilengedwe chake, amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilumba cha New Guinea. Nsomba zazing'ono - kutalika kwa 40-60 mm. Amakonza madzi abwino, ovuta okhala ndi zamchere pang'ono. Kutentha kwamadzi mu osiyanasiyana 24 ° -28 ° C. Kuchuluka kwa aquarium pagulu la anthu 8-10 kumafunika malita 60. Kuyenda kwamadzi kumayenera kukhala kofooka.
Zinthu zake
Mitundu yonse ya iris ndiyosasamala kwambiri. Kuti mukhale malo abwino, gulu la iris lochepera kwa anthu 6 limasowa malo owerengera bwino, momwe nsomba zimakhalira. Zida zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera 100 mpaka 150 malita. Kuti muteteze kulumpha mwangozi, Aquarium ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro.
Dothi ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dambo lakuda. Kuwala kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Mitundu yokongola kwambiri imayang'ana pamdima pakati pa zobiriwira zam'madzi pakuwala. Pansi pa aquarium mutha kuyika driftwood ndi miyala yayikulu popanda lakuthwa m'mbali.
Zomera za iris ndi bwino kusankha wokhala ndi masamba olimba. Anubias, Echinodorus kapena Lagenander Meebold ndi oyenera kuti nsombazo sizingawadye. Pakhoza kukhala zobiriwira zambiri pansi ndi pamtunda, koma ndibwino kuzikonza m'magulu, kusiya malo opanda madzi.
Nthawi zambiri ma iris amakhala m'malo okhala amadzi momwe muyenera kusankha zida zam'madzi, kuganizira izi.
Mtundu wa iris umatengera mtundu wamadzi. Kuti musunge utawaleza wamadzi, ndikofunikira kuti muzosefa ndi kusintha madzi akale ndi atsopano.
Pazakudya, melanotenia ndi wonyozeka, amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse. Zakudya zilizonse zouma, zokhala ndi moyo kapena zachisanu ndizoyenera kwa iwo. Ndi chisangalalo, nsomba zimatenga masamba ofewa am'madzi am'madzi. Mukamadyetsa ndibwino sakanizani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya kuti mupatse nsomba kusankha. Ndi mitundu yambiri ya utawaleza umawululira mitundu yawo yokongola kwambiri.
Kusamalira iris ndikosavuta. Chisamaliro chonse ndi pakudya kwake kwakanthawi ndi kuyeretsa kwamadzi.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Iris - nsomba zazing'ono, zokonda kusukulu. Amayanjana mosavuta ndi nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zopanda nkhanza zomwe zimakhala zofanana mu kutentha ndi kukula kwa iwo. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi scalars, bola atakula pamodzi, koma ana mu nkhani iyi akutsimikiziridwa kuti akuvutika.
Melanotenia mbali pafupi ndi zebrafish, barba, guppies, malupanga, mollies ndi mitundu ina ya pecilli omwe amakonda madzi olimba.
Utawaleza umakhala bwino ndi ma cichlids a Tanganyik.
Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zokhala pansi pamtunda, mwachitsanzo, ma corfish, bots ndi ancytrus zidzakhala m'munsi mwa pansi pa aquarium, chifukwa ma iris amakonda zigawo zapamwamba za aquarium moyo.
Kwa nsomba zoyenda pang'onopang'ono, iris imakhala yovuta chifukwa chosuntha. Mtundu wa iris sugwirizana ndi ma cichlids, golide ndi mphaka.
Pafupifupi nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa, melanotenia sangakhale ndi moyo, popeza ndiwokongola kwambiri ngati nyama yosaka komanso chakudya.
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za iris
Tinsomba tating'ono, tosangalatsa, tating'onoting'ono tachokera ku banja lalikulu la a Melanotenius adalandira dzina lawo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu omwe amabwereza utawaleza. Zowonadi, ingoyang'anani chithunzi cha iris nsomba, monga funso la chifukwa chake amatchulidwira. Maluwa owala kwambiri komanso ngakhale "acidic" neon iridescent amawala mumtundu wa masikelo amapezeka m'mawa, pofika madzulo kuwala pang'ono pang'ono kumayamba.
Komanso, mtundu wa nsomba ya iris umalankhula zathanzi lake komanso kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika, komwe anthu okondweretsedwa, osangalatsidwa komanso achidwi m'madziwo amatha kutengeka kwambiri. Ngati china chake sichili bwino, khungu la masikelo limakhala lomveka komanso siliva.
Mwachilengedwe, utawaleza umatha kuonedwa m'madzi opanda madzi kapena opanda brackish, makamaka ngati mitsinje, kutentha kwa madzi kuyambira 23 mpaka 28 degrees. Pafupi ndi malo omwe amakhala kwambiri pali kubwereketsa komwe kwa omwe akufuna kuwona kukongola uku.
Mwanjira yake, iris - odutsa ndikusunthidwa pang'ono. Nsomba zimakula mpaka 4-12 masentimita, ndipo ndi kukula kakang'ono kotere, zimakhala ndi maso akulu kwambiri, othandizira komanso owoneka bwino.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira zofunika za iris
Kuti mukhalebe mu ukapolo, aquarium iris ayenera kukhala ndi malo oyambira. Chifukwa chake, nyanja ya aquarium siyingakhale yaying'ono. Kuposa malita 50, kwa gulu la nsomba 6-10.
Zoyenda izi zimakonda kuyenda mozungulira zopinga, kubisala ndi kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, kutuluka pakubisala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu mu aquarium, zomwe sizingagwire ntchito sizingagwire ntchito, chifukwa nsomba zimapwetekeka kapena, ngati kutsanzako kupangidwa kuchokera ku minofu, yatsekera matumbo awo.
Koma danga ndilosafunikanso kuyatsa ndi algae, nsomba zimafunikira malo a "masewera". Afunikiranso kuyatsa kwabwino, nsomba zamadzulo sizimakonda, ndi kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito "moyo othandizira", ndiko kuti - kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira.
Zojambula za Boesman's iris
Feature zamtundu wa iris Mutha kuganizira zofunikira kwambiri - ma aquarium ayenera kutsekedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo - otetezeka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawi ya zochita zawo.
Ndiye kuti, masewera osakira, nsomba za ku aquarium iris amadumpha m'madzi. Momwemonso monga chilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, itha kukhala m'madzi, koma pansi pafupi, kenako, ikafa.
Mwambiri, kusamalira zolengedwa zoyipazi, kusunga nsomba za utawaleza sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwapadera kulikonse, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti musankhe aquarium yomwe ikukwaniritsa zonse zofunika.
Iris zakudya
Neon ndi mitundu ina nsomba za utawaleza pankhani za chakudya safunikira konse. Adzadya mosangalala zakudya zowuma, zonse zokhala ndi moyo ndi kuzizira.
Mu chithunzi, Parkison iris
Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mphete zomwe zimachepetsa kufalikira kwa madzi pamadzi, ndikuwapatsa chakudya chambiri monga momwe nsomba zimadyera, chifukwa samatulutsa chakudya kuchokera pansi. M'malo mwa chakudya chamoyo chizikhala chabwino:
Komanso, nsomba zimadya mosangalala zakudya zamasamba.
Mitundu ya Iris
Ponseponse, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nsomba zomweyi imakhala mdziko lapansi, ogawidwa ndi asayansi mu mitundu 7. Komabe, mu aquariums, monga lamulo, sungani zotsatirazi mitundu ya utawaleza:
- Neon iris
Nsomba zonyezimira, ngati nthawi zonse pansi pa kuwala kwa neon. Sichifunika pazakudya, koma imakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa kutentha ndi kapangidwe ka madzi. Imasinthasintha, imakonda kusambira yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri imalumphira m'madzi.
Zojambula neon iris
- Iris njira zitatu
Wokondedwa wa asodzi. Ili nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa thupi la magulu atatu omwe amakhala motalikirapo. Imalekerera kusinthasintha kwakapangidwe kamadzi ndi kutentha.
M'chithunzichi ndi utawaleza wamtunda atatu
M'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu loteteza utawaleza, nsomba ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa 10 cm. Pakufunika kwawo, amafunikira ngalande ikuluikulu - yayitali, yabwinoko, koma kuya kwake sikufuna kwenikweni.
- Boesman's iris
Mitundu yowala kwambiri, ngakhale ya banja la "utawaleza" - pamwamba pa thupi, kuphatikiza mutu, ndi buluu wowoneka bwino, ndipo pansi pamakhala lalanje kapena lofiira. Izi nsomba sizimakonda mdima, zimakonda kugona kugona pamaso pa mawonekedwe aliwonse omwe amawonetsa kuwala kwa mwezi.
- Utawaleza wamvula
Wokongola modabwitsa komanso wapamwamba. Mtundu wa nsomba zonsezi ndi mithunzi yofiirira, yofiirira, nthawi yomweyo, imakhala yonyezimira ndi golide. Chochititsa manyazi kwambiri komanso chofuna kudziwa zonse, chimakonda zomera za aquarium kuposa ena. Ndi odziletsa mu chakudya, koma tcheru ndi pH, chizindikirocho sayenera kupitirira 6-7.
Chithunzi: Glossolepis iris
- Iris turquoise kapena melanothenia
Wofatsa kwambiri kuposa zonse, m'chilengedwe amakhala munyanja. Colours imagawidwa pakati - kutalika. Thupi lakumwambalo ndi lolemera bwino. Ndipo pamimba imatha kukhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zasiliva. Zokongola modabwitsa, makamaka mosiyana ndi iris wofiira.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa iris
Yokhayo pazonse zomwe zimakhudzana modekha ndi kusayenda pang'ono kwamadzi. Amakonda chakudya chamoyo, makamaka udzudzu waukulu komanso nyongolotsi yamagazi. Nthawi zina nsomba izi zimatchedwa - diso iris, mawu akuti colloquial amenewa amagwira ntchito pamitundu yonse ya iris paliponse, ndipo si dzina la mitundu iliyonse. Amachitcha choncho chifukwa chamaso akulu, owoneka.
Mitundu ya Aquarium
Chovala chamiyendo itatu chidalandira dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osadziwika: Mzere umodzi wopyola umadutsa pamphuno yamthupi, wamtambo wokhala ndi mithunzi ingapo yamtambo. Mamba ake amawala ndi mkuwa wamkuwa, utoto wofiirira, wachikasu, wobiriwira ndi lalanje. Thupi ndi lozungulira, lodzikongoletsa mbali, maso akulu kumutu. Nsombayo imakhala ndi zipsepse zapakati za buluu wamkati wofiira wofiyira, nsanje yautali ndi yayitali.
Kusamalira nsomba kumafuna kudyetsa nthawi zonse: imakonda cr craceansans, chakudya chokhazikika ndi chisanu, mbewu. Magawo ovomerezeka amadzi: kutentha 22-25 madigiri, kuuma 8-25 °, acidity - 6.5-8.0 pH.
Iris popondetta (maso a buluu) - melanotenia akutuluka kuchokera ku mitsinje yowoneka bwino ya New Guinea. Amasiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banjamu ndi mchira wamaso owoneka bwino komanso maso akulu abuluu. Popondetta m'chilengedwe imafika kukula kwa masentimita 5-6, nsomba zam'madzi ndizochepa - 3-4 cm. Utoto wa melonotenium popondetta ndiwowoneka bwino, thupi limakhala loonekera pang'ono. Mitundu yobiriwira, yachikaso ndi yamtambo nthawi ndi nthawi imakhala yowala pamakala. Gill imaphimba red-rasipiberi. Zipsepse zonse ndizowonekera, ndimaso achikasu. Popondetta ndi nsomba yophunzirira yokhala ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere, yomwe imatha kukhazikitsidwa mu malo wamba okhala ndi zebrafish, tetra, rassbori ndi nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono. Kusambira pakati pamadzi. Malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 40 okhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo ndi oyenera kukhalamo. Popondetta imafuna malo ambiri pakusambira. Magawo a madzi omwe analimbikitsa: kutentha 24-28 madigiri, acidity 6.5-8.0 pH, kuuma - 5-12 o.
Mwachilengedwe, amadya tizilombo tokhala ndi mphutsi zake, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Turquoise irises amadya bwino mu malo am'madzi: amathanso kupatsidwa nyongolotsi zamagazi, mphutsi, mphutsi zosakanizirana ndi granules, nthawi zina amabzala zakudya. Zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini kuti khungu lathu lipangidwe. Kukula kwakukulu mu ukapolo ndi 12-15 cm.
Turquoise iris - kukongola kowoneka bwino kwa nsomba. Thupi ndi lozungulira, lonyowa, lalitali mbali. Mukuwunikira, miyeso imakhala yowala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: buluu, zoyera, zachikaso, zobiriwira. Kumbuyo ndi mchira wake ndi kozungulira, pamimba pake ndi loyera.Dorsal Fin yopapatiza, anal kwambiri. Maso a nsomba ndi akulu. Ndi m'badwo, thupi la iris limayatsidwa.
Tayang'anani ndi irquoise iris.
Thupi la iris limakhala lokongola kwambiri - lozungulira, lalitali, lothinikizidwa kumbali. Mtundu wa masikelo ndi miyala ya siliva wamtengo wapatali. Maso ndi akulu, dorsal fin ndi yopapatiza, anal fin ndi yotakata. Ndalama ya caudal ili ndi masamba awiri. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo: zaka 5-8.
Mu nazale yakunyumba, melanotenia onse amakula okongola komanso athanzi, mitundu yonse ili yodzala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino. Awa ndi anthu abwinowa amadzi omwe amakhala m'madzi oyera. Pangani zikhalidwe zoyenera za chiweto chilichonse kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wodekha.
Irat yolingana ndi nsomba zina
At irie yogwirizana Imakonzedwa bwino, imagwirizana bwino ndi onse oimira banja lake. Zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale mtundu wowala kwambiri mu aquarium.
Zimakhalanso ndi nsomba zazing'ono zonse, kupatula zomwe zimadya zomwe zimatha kusaka mauta. Ndipo, mulibe, iris akhoza kukhala ndi:
Kubalana komanso zikhalidwe za kugonana kwa iris
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, wamkulupo nsomba. Kutha msinkhu kumatha msambo kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi. Wamphongo ndi wosiyana ndi ofiira m'mapazi, kuchokera kwa chachikazi, pomwe mthunziwo umakhala wachikasu kapena wofiyira.
Nsomba zimatha kutuluka mwachindunji mu aquarium, komanso mosiyanasiyana. Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira kuswana, samadya mazira a iris, koma amatero kusamalira iris mosavuta. Pa kuswana, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika:
- kutentha kwa madzi kupitirira madigiri 28, abwino - 29,
- pH mode kuchokera 6.0 mpaka 7.5.
Ngati mikhalidwe yonse ikwaniritsidwa, nsomba zimachita kusasiyana, koma osathanso kubereka, ndiye kuti mutha kulimbikitsa izi poyambira kutsitsa pang'ono pokha, osati pang'onopang'ono komanso osatsika ndi madigiri 24. Ndipo kuti irisi itazolowera, zimatenga pafupifupi masiku awiri kuti ichulukitse nthawi yomweyo ndi madigiri awiri.
Gulani iris mophweka, izi zopanda nzeru komanso zowala kwambiri zili pafupifupi mgulu lililonse mwapadera. Ndipo mtengo wawo pa avareji ndi ma ruble 100-150.