African manatee Amazonia manatee

Manase (lat. Trichechus) - mtundu wa nyama zazikulu zoyamwitsa zam'banja la monotypic Trichechidae, mawonekedwe a sirens. Zitsamba zotere zimakhala m'madzi osaya ndipo zimadya zomera zam'madzi.

Mawonekedwe ndi malo a manatee

Manatees - Ng'ombe zam'nyanja, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti imakhala moyo wopanda nkhawa, kukula kwake komanso chikhalidwe chake pakudya zamasamba. Nyama zamtunduwu ndizabizinesi zamtchire, zimakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya, kudya zilombo zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa ng ombe, nthawi zambiri zimayerekezedwa ndi ma dugong, ngakhale ma manate amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina ndi mchira wake, monga ngati paddle kuposa foloko, ngati dugong.

Nyama ina yomwe manatee angalumikizane nayo ndi njovu, koma kuyanjana kumeneku sikuti chifukwa cha kukula kwa zolengedwa zonsezi, komanso mwa thupi.

Mu manatees, monga njovu, pamakhala kusintha kwa zinthu zina pamoyo wonse. Mano atsopano amakula motsatira mzerewo ndipo pambuyo pake amasintha akale. Komanso, mbendera za njovu zimakhala ndi ziboda zomwe zimafanana ndi misomali ya okhala padziko lapansi.

Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi kumatha kuchoka pa 400 mpaka 550 kilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 3 mita. Pali milandu yodabwitsa pamene manatee amafikira kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 1700 ndi kutalika kwa mamilimita 3.5.

Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimasiyana, popeza zimakhala zazikulu komanso zazitali kuposa zazimuna. Akabadwa, khanda - manatee limalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 30. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama yachilendo ili m'madzi a ku America, Nyanja ya Caribbean.

Ndizachikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu yayikulu yayikulu ya manatees: African, Amazonia ndi America. Wachilendo ku Africa ng'ombe — manate amapezeka m'madzi aku Africa, Amazonia - South America, America - ku Western India. Nyamayi imadzimva bwino munyanja yamchere komanso m'madzi amtsinje watsopano.

M'mbuyomu, kunali kusaka kwachikoka kwa zisindikizo za njovu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi mafuta, koma tsopano kusaka ndizoletsedwa. Ngakhale izi, manatee aku America amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kupezeka, popeza chidwi cha anthu m'malo ake achilengedwe chachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti manatees alibe adani achilengedwe pakati pa anthu ena okhala m'madzi, mdani wawo yekhayo ndi munthu. Kuwonongeka kwa njovu zam'nyanja kumachitika chifukwa cha zida zophera nsomba zomwe manatee amameza ndi algae.

Kamodzi m'mimba yamagaya, chingwe chodzigulitsa ndi zida zimapha chiwewe kuchokera mkatimo. Komanso oyendetsa mabwatowa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, injini yomwe nyamayo siyimva mwakuthupi, chifukwa imangovomereza maulendo ataliatali. Amakhulupilira kuti mtundu usanakhale pafupifupi 20, komabe, munthu wamakono adawona moyo wa atatu okha.

Nthawi yomweyo, ng'ombe ya Steller inazimiririka chifukwa cha chisonkhezero cha anthu m'zaka za zana la 18, manatee aku America ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha konse, monga dugong, yomwe, mwatsoka, ikhoza kukhalanso ndi mkhalidwe womwewo posachedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa anthu pamiyoyo ya nyama izi kwasintha kwambiri njira yosunthira pachaka m'malo ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuzolowera madzi ofunda nthawi zonse pafupi ndi mitengo yamagetsi, manate adasiya kusamuka kuti apulumuke nyengo yozizira.

Zikuwoneka kuti sivuto lalikulu, chifukwa ntchito yamawailesi manate osasokoneza mwanjira iliyonse, komabe, posachedwapa magetsi ambiri atsekedwa, ndipo zisindikizo za njovu zayiwala njira zosinthira zachilengedwe. Bungwe la U.S. Wildlife Service likuyesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli pofufuza njira zotenthetsera madzi makamaka manate.

Pali nthano yomwe mukayamba kuwona manatee akuimba nyimbo, kutanthauza kuti, akumapatsa mawu opatsa chidwi, oyenda panyanja anamutengera kukongola kokongola.

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha manatee

Zingamveke, kuweruza ndi zithunzi, manatee - Chinyama chachikulu chowopsa cham'madzi, komabe, izi zazikulu zomwe zimayamwa ndizopanda vuto lililonse. M'malo mwake, manatee ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri, ofatsa komanso otengeka. Amasinthasintha mosavuta ukapolo ndipo amasinthidwa mosavuta.

Pofunafuna chakudya, chomwe tsiku lililonse chimafunikira chisindikizo chachikulu cha njovu, nyamayo imatha kuthana ndi maulendo ataliatali, kuchoka pamadzi amchere amchere kupita kukamwa kwamtsinje ndi mosemphanitsa. Manatee amamva bwino kwambiri pakuya kwa 1-5 metres, mwakuya, monga lamulo, nyamayo sichepera, ngati sizofunikira ndi zochitika zosafunikira.

Makongoletsedwe achikulire manatee pa chithunzi Amasiyana ndi mtundu wa makanda omwe amabadwa amdima kwambiri kuposa makolo awo aimvi. Thupi lalitali la nyama yam'mimba imakhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono, khungu loyera limasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono nthawi zonse kupewa kupewa kukokana kwa algae.

Manatee mosazungulira amakhala ndi zala zazikulu, kutumiza mothandizidwa ndi nsomba zam'nyanja ndi chakudya china mkamwa mwake. Monga lamulo, manatees amakhala okha, nthawi zina amapanga magulu. Izi zimachitika pamasewera akukhwima, pamene amuna angapo amatha kusamalira mkazi m'modzi. Njovu zokonda mtendere sizimenyera nkhondo malo ndi malo okhala.

Manatees aku America

Kutalika, manatees aku America sapitilira 5 metres. Amalemera kuyambira 200 mpaka 600 kilogalamu, koma nthawi zambiri amalemera ma kilogalamu 150-350.

Nyama izi zimasungidwa m'magulu kapena mosawerengeka, koma m'madzi ozizira amapanga ng'ombe. Amakonda malo pafupi ndi pakamwa pa mitsinje ndikadapendekera.

Manatees akumva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri +20, koma amatha kulolera kutentha kukhala pamunsi pa +8 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumadzi ofunda.

Pakumapuma pakamwa kapena kupuma, mphuno zimatseguka masekondi awiri. Sasambira mzere wowongoka, koma amira pansi pa chosungira. Mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse zosinthika, "zimakwawa" pansi.

Ngakhale malembedwe a manatees ndi ofooka, ndipo sangathe kuyenda pamtunda, ma manatees ndiosavuta kuposa anamgumi kuti akhale kumtunda. Ku Florida Aquarium, kunapezeka kuti ngati muthetsa khungu la manatee, amatha kukhala opanda madzi masiku angapo.

Manatees amapuma mwapang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, kupuma pakati pa kuwusa ndi mphindi 1-2,5, koma nthawi zina amatha kufikira mphindi 10-16.

Amadyetsa zakudya zam'madzi. Amakhala otakataka m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo nthawi yamasana amapumula pamadzi. Koma ndikofunikira kuti manatees ali mu ukapolo, pambali pake, amadya masana. Manatee amabweretsa chakudya pakamwa ndi zokutira patsogolo. Akuluakulu, mzere wa nsagwada zonsezi muli ma molars a 5-7. Mano akapukutira ndi kutuluka, mano a mzere wam'mbuyo amakhala patsogolo, ndipo mano atsopano amawonekera m'malo mwa mzere wowonda kwambiri.

Manatees akuluakulu aku America amatenga chakudya chochuluka. Masana, nyama imadya 20% ya kuchuluka kwake. Ali mu ukapolo, amasangalala kuthira maapulo, tomato, letesi ndi kabichi mosangalatsa kwambiri. Ku Florida Aquarium, nthawi zina amawononga herpenti. Ku Jamaica, akutulutsa nsomba zazing'ono kuchokera m'maukonde.

Amakonza rooker pamtunda winawake kuti mutha kupuma, ndikukweza mutu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa manatees ndi zaka 30-60.

Nyama izi zimakhala m'madzi osaya ndipo zimadya zomera zam'madzi.

Thanzi la manatees

Tsiku lililonse, manatee amamwa ma kilogalamu 30 a algae kuti akhale ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kuyang'ana chakudya, kuyenda maulendo ataliatali ngakhale kusamukira kumadzi abwino a mitsinje. Zomera zamtundu uliwonse zimakondweretsa manatee, nthawi zina, zakudya zamasamba sizimadzipaka osati ndi nsomba zazikulu ndi mitundu invertebrates.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Amuna aamuna a Manatee amakhala okonzekera kukhwima koyamba ali ndi zaka 10, zazikazi zimakula msanga - amatha kubereka ana kuyambira wazaka 4-5. Amuna angapo amatha kusamalira mkazi mmodzi nthawi, mpaka atasankha mmodzi wa iwo. Nthawi zapakati pa mimba zimasiyana kwa miyezi 12 mpaka 14.

Mwana wamwamuna wa manatee akangobadwa amatha kufika mita imodzi m'litali ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 30. Kwa miyezi 18 - 20, mayi amadyetsa bwino mwana wa ng'ombe ndi mkaka, ngakhale kuti mwana amatha kusaka ndi kuyamwa chakudya payekha kuyambira milungu itatu yokha.

Asayansi ambiri amati izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kulumikizana pakati pa mayi ndi mwana mu manatees kumakhala kolimba kwambiri kwa oimira nyama ndipo kumatha kukhala zaka zambiri, ngakhale nthawi yayitali. Wachikulire wathanzi amatha kukhala ndi zaka 55-60.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Oyimira maluwa ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimayamwa, ndi oimira dongosolo la sirens, amapatsidwa ma genus manatees ndi mitundu manatees.

Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti kalekale mtunduwu udagawika m'magulu pafupifupi makumi awiri. Komabe, lero ndi atatu okha omwe akukhala mwachilengedwe: Amazonia, American ndi Africa. Mitundu yambiri yowuma kwambiri inali itapezekeratu pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18.

Kanema: Manatee

Wofufuza woyamba kutchula manatees anali Columbus. Iye, monga gawo la gulu lake, adawona omwe akuyimira ku New World. Mamembala ake ogwira ntchito zofufuzira adanena kuti nyama zazikuluzo zimawakumbutsa za maimelo apamadzi.

Malinga ndi zolembedwa ndi katswiri wodziwa za nyama ku Poland, wofufuza komanso wasayansi, manatees kale, mpaka 1850, ankangokhala ku Bering Island.

Pali malingaliro angapo a chiyambi cha nyama zodabwitsazi. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, manate amachokera ku zolengedwa zazikazi zamiyendo inayi zomwe zinkakhala pamtunda. Iwo ndi amodzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri okhala m'madzi, chifukwa amati anali zaka zopitilira 60 miliyoni zapitazo.

Zakuti makolo awo anali zinyama zapamtunda zikuwonekera ndi kukhalapo kwa zipolopolo zoyipa pamiyendo. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amati njovu ndi wachibale wawo wapamtima kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Manatee a nyama

Maonekedwe a manatee ndi odabwitsa. Kutalika kwa thupi la fusiform ya chimphona cha m'madzi kumafikira pafupifupi mamitala atatu, kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kufika tani imodzi. Mu njovu zam'madzi, dimorphism imatchulidwa - zazikazi ndizokulirapo komanso zolemetsa kuposa zazimuna.

Amakhala ndi michira yayikulu yooneka ngati paddle yomwe imawathandiza kuyenda pamadzi.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi maso ang'ono, ozungulira, ozama, otetezedwa ndi nembanemba yapadera, chifukwa chomwe manatees alibe mawonekedwe abwino, koma kumva kwabwino, ngakhale manatees alibe khutu lakunja. Nyama zoyamwitsa zimakhalanso ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Mphuno ndi yayikulu, yokutidwa ndi yaying'ono, yolimba. Amakhala ndi milomo yosinthasintha, yosunthika yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira zakudya zamasamba.

Mutu umayenda bwino mthupi, pafupifupi kuphatikiza nawo. Chifukwa chakuti pamoyo wonse wamano a nyama zimasinthidwa, amasinthana ndikusintha kwa chakudya. Mano amphamvu, amphamvu amatha kupera pachomera chilichonse chomera. Monga njovu, manatees amasintha mano moyo wawo wonse. Mano atsopano amatuluka mzere kumbuyo, pang'onopang'ono m'malo akale.

Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zina zomwe zimayamwa, zimakhala ndi ma vertebrae amchiberekero 6. Pankhaniyi, sangathe kutembenuza mitu yawo mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ngati ndi kotheka, tembenuzani mutu, amatembenuka nthawi yomweyo ndi thupi lonse.

Chifuwa chachikulu chimathandiza kuti nyama zizikhala momasuka ndipo zimachepetsa mphamvu zake. Miyendo ya nyama ikuyimiriridwa ndi zipsepse zazing'ono, zofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi. Amapendekeka pang'ono m'munsi ndikuzikhomera m'mphepete. Paziphuphu za zipsepazo pali zipere zachikale. Ziwombankhanga zimatumizira nyama ngati mtundu wa manja, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimayenda pamadzi ndi pamtunda, zimathandizanso kulanda chakudya ndikuitumiza mkamwa.

Kodi manatee amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Nyanja manatee

Malo okhala manatee ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa, pafupifupi pagombe lonse la United States. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala m'madziwe ochepa osati ozama kwambiri. Amakonda kusankha malo osungirako komwe kuli chakudya chokwanira. Mwakutero, pakhoza kukhala mitsinje, nyanja, mabatani ang'onoang'ono, zinyalala. Nthawi zina, amatha kupezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu komanso yakuzama pamadzi osaposa atatu ndi theka.

Manatees amatha kukhalapo mwaulere m'madzi abwino komanso am'nyanja. Ng'ombe zonse zam'nyanja, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, zimakonda madzi ofunda, kutentha kwake osachepera 18 digiri. Sizowona nyama kuti ziziyenda mtunda wautali. Sangokhala pamtunda wopitilira makilomita 3-4 patsiku.

Nyama zimakonda kuyenda m'madzi osaya, nthawi zina zimayandama pamwamba kuti zitheke kutulutsa mpweya m'mapapu awo.

Nyama zimakonda kwambiri kutentha kwam'madzi. Ngati matenthedwe achepera kufika + 6 - +8, izi zimatha kupha nyama. Mwa izi, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kuzizira, nyama zimasamuka m'mphepete mwa America kupita ku South Florida. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimadziunjikira m'dera lomwe mbewu zamagetsi zimapezeka. Nyengo yachisanu ikadzabweranso, nyama zimabwerera kumalo awo okhala.

Kalulu

Manatees ndi oyimira amtundu wa nyama zazikulu zam'madzi, zomwe zimalumikizana mu banja la Trichechidae (lanthine), gulu la ma sirens. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu itatu ya oimira manatees ndipo imodzi yomwe ingatheke: Amazonia, America, Africa ndi ochepa. Dzina lina la manatee ndi ng'ombe yam'nyanja.

Kodi manatee amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Manatee Sea Cow

Ngakhale ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, manatees ndi herbivores. Kuti athe kulipira mphamvu yamthupi, munthu m'modzi wamkulu amafunikira kilogalamu 50-60 ya chakudya chomera. Mano amphamvu komanso amphamvu amapukusira mbewu zochuluka chonchi. Mano akumaso amatha. Komabe, mano amawachotsa m'malo mwake ndi kumbuyo.

Nyamazo zimatha tsiku lathunthu kudyetsa ziweto zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zam'madzi. Amatenga chakudya makamaka m'madzi osaya, kuyenda pafupi pansi. Mukamamwa chakudya, manatees amagwiritsa ntchito zofunda, kuzisakaniza ndi mitengo ndikubweretsa pakamwa. Ng'ombe zam'nyanja zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pakadali pano, amadya chakudya. Pambuyo chakudya chochuluka, amakonda kupuma mokwanira komanso kugona mokwanira.

Zakudya zamitundumitundu zimadalira malo okhala. Nyama zomwe zimakhala munyanja zimakonda kudya udzu wanyanja. Manatees omwe amakhala m'malo osungira madzi abwino amadya zam'madzi zatsopano ndi zomera.Nthawi zambiri, kuti azitha kupeza chakudya chokwanira, nyama zimasamukira kumadera ena kukafufuza zamasamba. Monga chakudya, mitundu iliyonse yazomera zam'madzi ndi zam'madzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina, nsomba zazing'ono, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma invertebrates am'madzi amachepetsa zakudya zamasamba.

Kufotokozera

Manatee ndi oimira nyama zazikulu za m'madzi. M'mitundu itatu ya banja lino, kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi mamili awiri ndi theka mpaka atatu ndi theka ndipo maanatees amtundu wokhawo amatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka.

Manatees amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe opindika (mawuwo amachokera ku liwu loti spindle) lalikulu, lophimbidwa ndi khungu. Khalidwe la imvi komanso kusowa kwa tsitsi. Chokhacho chomwe chingakhale chokhacho - tsitsi lolimba kumaso. Mutha kuwona chithunzi cha manatee cha nyama yomwe ili pansipa.

Vibrissas ndi tsitsi lowoneka bwino komanso limafikitsa kutulutsa kwa mpweya kumaubongo. Izi sizimangothandiza nyamayo kufunafuna mayendedwe oyenera ndi chakudya, komanso kupewa kupewa kuwombana kowopsa. M'malo mwake, ma vibrissae ndi ma receptor a mamalia omwe asintha ndi chisinthiko.

Zadziwika kuti manatees ali ndi ziwalo 6 zapakhomo, pomwe zolengedwa zina zimakhala ndi 7. Mutu wa nyama ndi wochepa, womwe sungasunthire mbali ndi mbali. Mwina izi ndichifukwa cha vertebra yosowa. Manate amayenera kuzungulira m'mphepete kuti awone mtunda.

Zozizira ndizochepa komanso lalikulu. M'mphepete mwa mbali yakumaso kuli timaso tating'ono, tating'ono timene timatsekeka mozungulira. Pali membrane wapadera pamaso omwe amateteza ana ndi iris. Manatee sakhala ndi khutu lakunja, koma izi sizilepheretsa kuti nyamayo imve bwino.

Pankhope pali milomo yayikulu yogawana, yomwe gawo lawo ndikutola chakudya. Chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo pamilomo yonse iwiri. Chizindikiro cha manatees pakusintha kosalekeza kwa ma molars. Ndondomeko ili motere: mano akale amakula kumbuyo, pang'onopang'ono kuwakankhira kutsogolo kwa nsagwada ..

Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli miyendo yosalala yomwe imapanga zipsepse. Zovala-ngati za msomali zili pamapepala awa. Thupi limamalizidwa ndi mchira wa tapered fin wofanana ndi oar mu mawonekedwe. Izi zipsepse ndi tsamba limodzi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Manatee ndi Man

Ng'ombe zam'nyanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, kapena awiriawiri. Nyama sizimamanga kumalo amtundu uliwonse, choncho sizikhala ndi mkangano ndi kusankha mtsogoleri, komanso kuteteza madera awo. Kukumana kwakukulu kwa manatees kumatha kuwoneka nthawi yakukhwima kapena dera lomwe kuli magwero amadzi ofunda, kapena kuwala kwadzuwa kumayambitsa madzi. Mwachilengedwe, gulu la manatees limatchedwa kuwonjezera. Ziwerengero zamagulu osagwirizana nthawi zambiri zimaposa anthu sikisi kapena asanu ndi awiri.

Maonekedwe a zinyama amadzimva kukhala abwinobwino, oyipa kwambiri. Komabe, mawonekedwewo siowona. Nyama zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osinthika, ochezeka, komanso osachita nkhanza konse. Manatees amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zachilengedwe zomwe zimadalira ngakhale munthu ndipo sizimamuopa konse.

Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe amakonda kusambira ndi 7-9 km / h. Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kufulumira mpaka 25 km / h.

Nyama sizitha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri. Komabe, samakhala nthawi yayitali pamtunda. Nyamayi imakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Kuti akhalebe dziwe kwa nthawi yayitali, amafunikira mpweya. Komabe, kuti ukhutitse mapapu ndi mpweya, imakwera ndikuyambitsa ndi mphuno. Nyama zambiri zotakasuka zimamva akuya kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mamita awiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Manatee Cub

Amuna amakhala atatha zaka 10 zokha atabadwa, zazikazi zimayamba kukhwima mtsogolo - zofika zaka zisanu. Nthawi yakuswana ilibe kudalira kwakanthawi. Ngakhale izi, ana ochuluka kwambiri amabadwa mu nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachilimwe. Nthawi zambiri, amuna ambiri amafuna ufulu wokhala muukwati ndi mkazi. Nthawi ya chibwenzi imapitirirabe mpaka atafuna munthu yekhayo.

Mukakhwima, pakati kumachitika, komwe kumatenga miyezi 12 mpaka 14. Chisindikizo chatsopano cha njovu chimafika pa kilogalamu 30-35, ndipo mita 1-1.20 kutalika. Tizilombo timatumba timeneti, nthawi imodzi, kawiri konse. Njira yakulera imachitika pansi pa madzi. Mwana akangobadwa, mwana amafunika kupita pamwamba pamadzi ndikutenga mpweya m'mapapu. Amayi ake amamuthandiza pamenepa.

Makanda obadwa kumene amatha kuzolowera zochitika zachilengedwe, ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba, kuyambira kuyambira mwezi umodzi. Komabe, wamkazi amadyetsa ana ndi mkaka mpaka miyezi 17-20.

Akatswiri a zaumoyo akuti nyama izi zimalumikizana kwambiri, zomwe sizingatheke pakati pa khanda ndi mayi. Amalumikizidwa kwa iyo pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi yayitali yomwe nyama zimayembekeza nthawi yachilengedwe ndi zaka 50-60. Ofufuza za nyama amati manatees ali ndi ntchito yochepera kwambiri, yomwe imakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa nyama.

Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe a Manatees

Chithunzi: Manatee a nyama

Ndizachilendo kuti m'malo azachilengedwe, nthumwi zoimira maluwa ndi nyama zomwe zilibe adani. Izi ndichifukwa choti mkati mwa nyanja mulibe nyama zomwe ndiz zokulirapo kuposa manatees kukula ndi mphamvu. Mdani wamkulu amakhalabe munthu ndi zochita zake. Anali anthu omwe anachititsa kuti ng'ombe zam'nyanja zizisowa kwathunthu.

Anthu adapeza omwe akuyimira zaka zapamadzi m'zaka za zana la 17 ndipo adayamba kuwononga mopanda chisoni. Kwa anthu, zamtengo wapatali sizinali zokoma za nyama zokha, zomwe nthawi zonse zimawonedwa ngati zakudya zabwino, komanso mafuta onunkhira kwambiri komanso ofewa. Inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu mankhwala osakaniza, mafuta, miyala, mafuta odzola pamakonzedwe ake. Adasaka nyama kuti azisenda khungu. Pali zifukwa zambiri zakufera kwa nyama, kuwonjezera pa kupha nyama ndi kupha anthu mwadala.

Zomwe zimatha zachilengedwe:

• nyama zimafa chifukwa choti zimayenda pansi, zimadya masamba, momwe mumakhala nsomba. Kuzinyamula pamodzi ndi algae, nyama zimadzigwetsera pang'onopang'ono, kupweteketsa mtima,
• Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti Manatees afe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chawo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa zinyalala zowononga m'madzi, kapena kapangidwe ka madamu,
• ma yacht, ndi zombo zina zam'nyanja zimawopseza moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa manate chifukwa chinyama sichimamvomera nthawi zonse. Nyama zambiri zimafa pansi pa ngalawa zankhondo,
• ma manchete ang'onoang'ono, osalimba amatha kukhala nsomba zamkango, kapena caimans m'mitsinje yotentha.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Mpaka pano, mitundu yonse ya manatee yalembedwa mu Red Book lapadziko lonse lapansi ngati mtundu wowopsa. Akatswiri a zaumunthu akuti m'zaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, kuchuluka kwa zinyama kudzachepa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.

Zambiri za njovu njovu ndizovuta kupeza, makamaka kwa mitundu yomwe imakhala m'malo ovuta kufikirako, osagawika a gombe la Amazonia. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa zinyama kulibe masiku ano, akatswiri a zanyama akuti chiwongola dzanja cha ma Amazonia ndiosakwana anthu 10,000.

Nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Florida, kapena nthumwi za Antilles zidalembedwa mu Red Book kuyambira 1970.

Asayansi amawerengera ndendende ndipo anapeza kuti mwa anthu onse omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi 2500 ndi okhwima. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti zaka makumi awiri zilizonse chiwerengero cha anthu chidzachepa ndi 25-30%.

Pazaka 15 zapitazi, ntchito yayikulu yachitika kuti achulukitse ndi kuteteza zolengedwa, zomwe zakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kuyambira pa Marichi 31, 2017, ma manatee adasintha mawonekedwe awo kuti asawopseze kufafanizika mpaka kukhala owopsa. Asodzi, asodzi, ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe akuchititsanso kuchepa kwa nyama.

Kuteteza manate

Chithunzi: Manatees kuchokera ku Red Book

Kuti zisungidwe zamtunduwu, nyama zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Anapatsidwa mkhalidwe wamtundu womwe umayang'ana kutha kwathunthu. Akuluakulu aku US ayesetsa kwambiri. Adapanga pulogalamu yapadera yosungira nyama zachilengedwe. Kuwazinga kunali koletsedwa pamalamulo ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli ndikulangidwa kwachilango.

Komanso olamulira aku America aletsa usodzi kuti ubalalitse maukonde m'malo okhala manatee. Pansi pa malamulo aku US, aliyense wophwanya malamulowa ndikufuna kupangitsa kuti mwamunayo aphedwe amakumana ndi $ 3,000, kapena miyezi 24 yolanga. Mu 1976, kukhazikitsidwa nyama ku United States.

Mwa dongosolo la pulogalamuyi, adalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kutaya zinyalala zamakampani oyenga mafuta m'madzi otseguka, komanso zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabwato am'madzi ndi zombo m'madzi osaya ndi komwe zisindikizo za njovu zimayenera kukhala, komanso kuletsa mwamphamvu kusaka pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde.

Manatee - oimira odabwitsa a moyo wam'madzi. Ngakhale ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ndi nyama zokoma mtima komanso ochezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamalidwe ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale woipa.

Kusindikizidwa kwa manatees aku America

Kutha kwawo kumachitika zaka 3-4. Nyengo yakukhwima ikupitilira chaka chonse. Kubalana mu nyama izi kumachedwa. Nthawi ya bere ndi miyezi 12-14. Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi amabereka mwana m'modzi, yemwe amasamalira zaka 1-3. Kutalika, wobadwa kumene amafikira mita 1-1.2, ndipo amalemera kilogalamu 16-23. Thupi la mwanawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wosowa.

Amayi amakonda kwambiri khanda, choncho samamuthawa, ngakhale iye atakumana ndi imfa. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga miyezi 18. Ng'ombe zimamera pang'onopang'ono, kumapeto kwa chaka cha 3 moyo wawo umakhala wambiri, kenako kukula kumayamba mwadzidzidzi.

Kuphatikiza pa manatees aku America, pali manatees aku Africa ndi Amazonia. Anthu akhala akusaka mitundu yonseyi kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17, chifukwa cha nyama yawo.

Manatees aku Africa amakhala pafupi ndi gombe komanso mitsinje ya ku Africa.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za manatees aku America

M'chiberekero cham'muna, manatee amakhala ndi ma vertebrae 6, ndipo zolengedwa zinzake zam'madzi 7. Manatees ndi am'gulu la dongosolo la sirens, ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zokha. Mtima wama manatees aku America ndi osiyana ndi ena m'gulu lawo: ndi laling'ono ndipo limalemera kambiri kuposa 1,000 thupi. Mtima uli ndimimba zoyipa.

Manatees aku Africa

Manatees amtunduwu amakhala m'malo ocheperako komanso mitsinje kuzungulira Africa. Amakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, lomwe limafanana ndi chinsomba. Tsitsi limachepetsedwa kuti lizipatukana. Mlomo wapamwamba umakhala ndi ndevu zazifupi. Palibe auricles akunja, koma manatees amatha kumva bwino. Maso a manatees ndi ochepa. Ali ndi milomo.

Manatee amauzidwa mwapadera m'malo okhala ndi madzi am'madzi ambiri, chifukwa amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Kutsogolo ndi maleelezedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira, kudyetsa ndi kusamalira ana. Komanso, zofunda zimawalola kuti azikwawa pansi. Mchira umagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira komanso kuti ukhale bwino.

Khalidwe la manatee aku Africa

Makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha manatees aku Africa ndizofanana ndi chikhalidwe cha manatees aku America. International Union for Conservation of Natural yaphatikizanso manatees aku Africa pamndandanda wazitetezedwe. M'malo omwe amakhala, manatees amatetezedwa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Moyo & Habitat

Pokhapokha ngati kulumikizana kwambiri pakati pa amayi ndi ana awo (ana a ng'ombe), ma manatees ndi nyama zapadera. Ziphuphu zazimayi zimakhala pafupifupi 50% ya miyoyo yawo m'maloto pansi pamadzi, nthawi zonse "kutuluka" mumlengalenga patadutsa mphindi 15 mpaka 20. Nthawi yotsalayo "msipu" m'madzi osaya. Manatees amakonda mtendere ndikusambira mwachangu makilomita 5 mpaka 8 pa ola limodzi.

Palibe zodabwitsa kuti adatchedwa kuti «ng'ombe»!Manase gwiritsani ntchito zojambula zawo kuti ziyende pansi pomwe mukufukula bwino mbewu ndi mizu kuchokera pansi. Chingwe cholumikizira mkamwa chakumtunda ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi kumang'amba chakudya zidutswa.

Zinyama zam'madzi izi ndizowopsa zomwe sizankhanza ndipo sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito ma fang awo pomenyera. Muyenera kuyika dzanja lanu lonse pakamwa pa manatee kuti mufikire mano angapo.

Nyama zimamvetsetsa ntchito zina ndikuwonetsa zizindikiritso zovuta kuphatikiza, zimakhala ndi kukumbukira kwakutali. Manatees amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana, makamaka pakati pa mayi ndi mwana wa ng'ombe. Akuluakulu "samalankhula" nthawi zambiri kuti azilumikizana panthawi yamasewera ogonana.

Ngakhale kulemera kwawo kwakukulu, alibe mafuta mosalekeza, monga ma whale, chifukwa chake, kutentha kwamadzi kukagwa pansi pa madigiri 15, amatha kukhala malo otentha. Izi zidasokoneza chimphona chokongola.

Ambiri a iwo adazolowera kuyala pafupi ndi magetsi oyang'anira maboma ndi magetsi, makamaka nthawi yozizira. Asayansi akuda nkhawa: malo ena omwe anatha ntchito mwakuthupi ndikutseka, akutseka, ndipo ma nomads olemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwerera kumalo omwewo.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku aquarium ku Bradenton

Mamuna wakale wogwiridwayo anali Snooty wa ku aquarium wa Museum of South Florida ku Bradenton. Veteran anabadwira ku Miami Aquarium ndi Tackle pa Julayi 21, 1948. Atakulimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zinyama, Snooti sanawonepo nyama zamtchire ndipo anali wokondedwa wa ana amderalo. Wokhalamo wamadzimadzi wamwalira masiku awiri pambuyo pa tsiku lake lobadwa la 69, Julayi 23, 2017: adapezeka mdera lamadzi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira moyo.

Wa zaka zana limodzi adatchuka ngati wochezeka manatee. Pachithunzichi amakonda kucheza ndi antchito akudyetsa nyamayo, pazithunzi zina "nkhalamba" imayang'ana alendowo ndi chidwi. Snooty inali nkhani yomwe inkakonda kwambiri pofufuza maluso ndi digirii yophunzirira zamtunduwu.

Kodi manate amakhala kuti?

Manatees amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. Zogawa zimayambira kumadera aku Georgia ndi Florida (Southeast USA) ndikufikira njira yonse mpaka ku Brazil. Manatees amakhala ku Gulf of Mexico ndi Pacific.

Komanso ma manatee amakhala m'mitsinje monga Amazon ndi Orinoco, kuti athe kupezeka akuzama. Kuchokera ku West Atlantic, manatees amagawidwa m'mphepete mwa gombe la Africa, lomwe limayambira ku Senegal kupita ku Angola.

Masiku ano pali mitundu itatu ya manatees ndi imodzi yomwe ingatheke.

Manasee aku Amazon

Woimira manateesyu amakhala m'madzi abwino okha. Zoyambira: Mtsinje wa Amazon ndi mabungwe awo. Malo omwe amakonda ndi malo osungirako zinyalala, zigwa, mitsinje. Malowo akuyenera kukhala odzaza ndi zomwera, kuti chakudya. Kusiyana kwakhalidwe: Malo oyera kapena ofiirira amapezeka pachifuwa, ndipo zovala zopanda pake sizikupezeka papepala.

Manasee aku America

Amasinthika ndimadzi amchere, komanso mwatsopano. Madzi mumadzi osaya, koma makamaka amasankha madzi abwino okhala. Paziphuphu pali ziboda zowoneka bwino. Kuchokera kwa oimira ena amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo, komanso mlomo wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe umakulolani kuti mugwire chakudya mwachangu.

Mankhwala oyipa

Mitundu yotheka ya manatees imakhala m'magawo ang'ono amtsinje ndikutuluka mofulumira. Malo ogawikirako ndi ang'ono: gawo lamtsinje wa Aripuanan, womwe umapezeka mu chigwa cha Amazonia.

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi kupitirira mita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 60 kg. Mankhwala agalu ndiye gawo laling'ono kwambiri pabanja lonselo. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wakuda, pali malo oyera pamimba.

Pakadali pano, International Union for Conservation of Natural sinazindikire mwalamulo ma manatees amtunda.

Adani a manatees

M'malo achilengedwe, ng'ona, zimbalangondo ndi asodzi zimasokoneza manatees. Komanso, ma manatee samalola kuzizira, chifukwa chake amatha kufa chifukwa cha kuzizira. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2010, chifukwa cha kuzizira kowopsa ku Florida, ma manatees 246 anamwalira. Mitundu ina yowopseza imaphatikizapo chibayo, matenda am'mimba, komanso mafunde ofiira.

Vuto lenileni la manatees linali anthu. Choyamba, izi ndi nyama zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono zomwe sizitha kusambira mwachangu kwa asaka. Kachiwiri, pokhala m'madzi osaya, amatha kugunda pansi pa chotengera ndikuvulala zomwe zimatsogolera kuimfa.

Onani Mkhalidwe

Manatees adamwalira kapena ayi? Funsoli nthawi zambiri limakhala losangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Osati pano, koma manatees ali pachiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko. IUCN imatanthauzira kuti nyama ndizovutikira kapena zowopsa kwambiri pakutha. Bungweli likuganiza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu azichepera 30% pazaka 20 zikubwerazi.

Kusaka manatees ndizoletsedwa pamilandu yamalamulo. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo cha Florida zidalembedwa mu Red Book mu 1967. Pa nthawiyo panali anthu pafupifupi awiri ndi theka okha. Chifukwa cha ntchito yolimba yomwe idatenga zaka zopitilira 40, kuchuluka kwa manatees kumawonjezereka ndi 20%.

Ku Africa, kulibe anthu osakwana 10,000 masauzande. Koma ndizosatheka kutsatira chiwerengero cha anthu ku Amazon, ndiye kuti palibe data yovomerezeka.

Komabe, chifukwa cha izi sikuti ndimafa okha, komanso chifukwa chakuti manatees samakonda kusiya ana.