Kodi mukufuna kudziwa martie wamkulu kwambiri m'dziko lathu? Kenako mverani nyama yotchedwa harza.
Kharza amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ena: Ussuri marten kapena monkeyen wachikasu. Nyama iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena oimira banja la marten ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Charza ndi ndani?
Maonekedwe a Harza
Unyinji wa Ussuri marten ukhoza kufika pafupifupi kilogalamu 6. Thupi la charza limakula kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 80. Ngati mumaganiziranso za mchira wa 44-sentimita, kukula kwa nyamayo kukwera mpaka 1 mita 24 sentimita.
Harza (Martes flavigula).
Nyama yotchedwa Kharza ili ndi mawonekedwe komanso yayitali. Khosi la nyama ndi lalitali; mutu waching'onowo umapumira. Mchira wake siwofwenthera, koma kutalika kwake sikudaperewera. Chovala cha ubweya wa harza chimakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira komanso wamfupi, ndipo mtundu wake umafanana ndi "mwinjiro" wa nyama yotentha.
M'malo mwake, kwa nyama zaku Russia nyamayi imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri, komabe, apa ndiyokhazikika komanso yabwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Madera a Kharza omwe ndi aborigine ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Habitat
Kharza amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kumadzulo kwa Siberia komanso ku Urals. Itha kupezeka kuzilumba zazikulu za Sunda, Malacca Peninsula, m'mapiri a Himalaya pamtunda wa mamilimita 3.5 mpaka 6 kumtunda kwa nyanja, kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa China, komanso ku Korea ndi Far East ku Russia.
Wokhala ku Ussuri taiga, Kharza amatchedwanso Ussuri marten. Amapezekanso ku Caucasus, Belarus ndi Moldova. Nyamayi yochenjera imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowuma zautali komanso zopanda mitundu yambiri, pamalo otsetsereka kumapiri komanso m'malo ovuta.
Olimba mtima osaka ndi kusaka
Kharza amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika, nthawi zonse pofunafuna nyama. Munthawi zovuta za nthawi yozizira, zilombo zimatha kuthana ndi 20 km tsiku limodzi. M'chilimwe, mtunda wokutidwa nthawi yomweyo umawonjezeka. Mtundu wa mafoni komanso wolimba mtimawu umayenda mosavuta m'mbali mwa phirili ngati munthu wodziwa zambiri, ndipo umatha kuthamangitsa nyama yayitali, kudumphadumpha, ngati kuli kotheka, kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtunda wamtunda wa 9 m.
Mapazi akulu zimapangitsa kuti kusuntha chisanu chofewa popanda kugwera. Chilombochi sichikhala ndi malo okhala, chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kofunikira, chimapumira m'mphepete mwa mphepo, m'maenje ndi m'miyala pakati pa miyala.
Harza nthawi zina amasaka yekha, koma nthawi zambiri nyama zimagwirizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu asanu, kugawana maudindo pakati pawo pakasaka. Kusunthira unyolo, 10 metre kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, iwo, ngati asaka enieni, amayendetsa gwiridwelo kuti abisalire, kulankhulana mothandizidwa ndi khungwa lodziwika bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mamembala ena aomwe amapezeka amadikirira wobisalira. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yozizira, nyama zolusa zimayendetsa madzi oundana pama ayezi, pomwe agwape achisoniwo amayamba kusefukira ndipo amakhala opanda chitetezo. Atagwirizana ndi ngwazi zam'madzi, gululi limayendayenda mozungulira mtembo wosawonedwako kwakanthawi kapena kubisalira zotsalira.
Zakudya za Ussuri marten
Harza amakonda kudya agologolo ndi makoswe. Osanyalanyaza zovunda. Itha kuukira nyama zazikulupo zomwe zikupitilira kukula kwake: agalu a fodya, nyama zamkango, agwape, agwape amtchire, nguluwe zazing'ono. Zimadyetsanso mbalame komanso nthumwi zazing'ono zazing'onozo. Bwino nsomba mu madzi osaya.
M'chilimwe, amasangalala kudya bowa komanso zakudya zamasamba, amakonda zipatso ndi mtedza. Woteteza pachifuwa chachikasu ndimakonda kwambiri uchi ndi uchi. Imatulutsanso uchi p pokumba zisa za njuchi zakutchire m'njira yoyambirira, ndikutsitsa mchira wake mumng'oma, kenako ndikuunyambita.
Mawonekedwe a kubereka komanso chikhalidwe chamagulu
Nthawi yakukoka imagwera kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Mimba yaikazi imatenga miyezi inayi. Panthawi imeneyi, ali pafupi kubala mwana, mayi woyembekezera amabisala yekha ndi ana ake m'makona akutali kwambiri a nkhalangoyi, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri komanso woloweka m'nthiti. Apa akukonza phanga lomwe kuyambira ana awiri mpaka asanu amabadwa.
Amayi amakula ndi kubala ana aamuna okha, kuwaphunzitsa maluso osaka. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali pantchito yawo yakulera ndi yakulera. Achichepere amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Harza sangatchedwe nyama yokhala pagulu. Akasiya amayi, wachinyamata yemwe wakula amakhala limodzi kwanthawi yayitali. Ana oterowo amasaka ndi kupumula limodzi. Koma posachedwa ana okulirapo ndi olimbitsa amasankha njira yawo ndipo banjalo limasokonekera.
Zidole zazikulu zimagwirizanitsa kusaka nthawi zambiri ndi okwatirana, omwe amapangidwa kuti akhale ndi moyo. Zowona, amapuma mosiyana, ngakhale amayesa kuyandikana. Ndikayamba masika, amayamba kusaka okha.
Amakhulupilira kuti Ussuri marten amadzetsa mavuto kwa anthu posaka nyama zamkati, nswala zazingwe ndi agwape. Komabe, charza imabweretsa zabwino, ndikuwononga makoswe.
Ngakhale kuti nyama yolusa imeneyi ilibe adani achilengedwe, imakhala yochepa kwambiri momwe imakhalira. Kubisika kwa mitengo komanso kupititsa patsogolo kwachitukuko pazinthu zozungulira ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha izi, chifukwa chake, charza monga nyama, yomwe chiwerengero chake chikuchepa, zalembedwa mu International Red Book ndi Red Book of Russia.
Chakudya chabwino komanso chikhalidwe cha Ussuri marten
Ngakhale kuti nyamayo ndi ya banja la marten okha, si m'modzi mwa iwo omwe angakhale okhutira ndi nyama zazing'ono, tizilombo ndi mbewu. Ngwazi zamkaka - wowonda pang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala wogwiriridwa ndi charza. Tsoka tsoka losauka, ngati banja lonse la Ussuri likatsimikiza kutsatira, ndiye kuti basi musapulumutsidwe!
Kuphatikiza pa zakudya za nyama yamkaka, tchizi imakonza chakudya chamadzimadzi chokha kuchokera kumapeto, ma cookie, hazel grouse, zipilala, mavu, nkhumba zodyetsa komanso nkhumba. Kuchokera ku zakudya zam'mera, marten amakonda mtedza wochokera ku maini a paini ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana.
Mchira wa harza umagwira ngati gawo lolingana.
Koma izi sizingokhala ndi kudya kwa charza: pali chofooka china chobisika mwa nyama izi - zimakonda uchi. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu a Kharza adalandila dzina la galu wokondedwa. Kodi amapeza bwanji chithandizo ichi? Ndi mchira wawo wautali - iwo amatsitsa molunjika mumng'oma, ndikuviika mu uchi, kenako ndikunyambita mchira wawo wokoma ndi chisangalalo.
Mtengo wa anthu
Nyama zotere sizimagwira m'maso, zimakhala ndi moyo wosamala, choncho anthu samazisaka. Ndipo bwanji - pambuyo pa zonse, ubweya wa kharza siwofunikira kwenikweni: ndi wowuma ndipo motero osatchulidwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.