South American kapena Long Tailed Otter (Lontra longicaudis) amakhala m'madzi, mitsinje, zithaphwi ndi zinyalala m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala nkhalango zowuma, zobiriwira. Izi zimakonda kukhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yoyenda, madzi othamanga. Pali umboni wa otters aku South America omwe akukhala m'malo othirira a minda ya mpunga ndi nzimbe ku Guyana. Mwa otters onse aku South America, mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu yambiri: imapezeka ku Mexico ndi South America: ku Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina.

Wautali wautali Otter. Mtsinje wa Neotropical Otter = Lontra longicaudis (wofanana ndi Lutra incarum) (Neotropic Otter).

Mapangidwe: amakhala Mexico ndi South America. Ku Mexico, otter ndiofala kwambiri. Ku South America, imapezeka ku Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Mwa otter onse aku South America, ili ndi malo owonjezera kwambiri.

South American otter ndi nyama yotalikirapo, yocheperako mpaka kukula kumtsinje wa Canada. Monga ma ottery onse amtsinje, imakhala ndi khungu loyenda lamiyendo yayitali komanso miyendo yayifupi, yolimba.

Ubweya wake ndi wamfupi komanso wosachedwa kupindika. Chovala chamkati chofewa, tsitsi lakunja ndilolimba, lonyezimira. Kutalika kwa tsitsi lakunja ndi 12-14 mm, kutalika kwa tsitsi la undercoat ndi 7-9 mm. Kapangidwe ka ubweya kameneka kamapangitsa kuti oyambitsa azisunga mkati mwa nyini youma pomwe nyama imanyowa panja. South American otter ilibe malo osungiramo mafuta, ndipo ubweya ndiyo njira yokhayo yosungira kutentha kwa thupi m'madzi ozizira.

Mutu wa otter ndi wozungulira komanso wowongoka komanso wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono owongoka okhala pansi mbali zamitu. Chizindikiro ndichofupikira komanso chachikulu, chokhala ndi ndevu zazitali. Khosi limakhala lakuda, lalifupi, lalitali. Maso ndi ang'ono, ozungulira, okhala pamwamba ndipo amapereka chiwonetsero chabwino. Mphuno imapangidwa ngati trapezoid, yokhala ndi mbali yayitali pamwamba.

Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo, wopindika, wowoneka bwino kuyambira kumunsi mpaka kumapeto.

Mawotchiwa amakhala ndi utoto, iliyonse imakhala ndi zala zisanu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya otter ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo, yomwe imawathandiza kusambira bwino.

South American otter ikuwonetsa dimorphism yogonana - amuna ambiri ndi 20-25% kuposa akazi.

Mtundu: Neotropic otter ndi ya bulauni; mimba ndi yopepuka, pafupifupi yoyera. Dera lozungulira pakamwa ndi lopepuka, loyera. Mkati wamkati ndi imvi yasiliva.

Neotropic otter ya sing'anga kukula: kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 500 - 790 mm. Mchirawo ndi 375 mpaka 570 mm, ndipo kutalika kwa auricles kumayambira 18 mpaka 22 mm. Kutalika kwathunthu kwa otter ndi 900 -1360 mm. Zoyesera zina za chigaza zimaphatikizapo: kutalika kwakukulu pafupifupi 96.4 mm, m'lifupi zagomatic 68.1 mm, kutalika kwa postorbital 17.9 mm.

Kutalika Kwamoyo: Z mwina za zaka 12 mpaka 12.

Mawu: Zambiri zawo zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mluzu, kukuwa ndi mawu akulira kwambiri (kukuwa). Chifukwa chake, ma batters oyandikira owonera ku Argentina adapanga mawu omwe amatha kutulutsa mawu ngati "hahh".

Habitat: Tchire limapezeka m'madzi, mitsinje, zithaphwi ndi mitsinje m'malo ambiri amtsinje omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zobiriwira, savannah. Zikuwoneka kuti, nyamayi imakonda kukhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yoyera, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosowa mu mitsinje yopanda phokoso. Pali malipoti a otter omwe amakhala m'maenje othirira pakati pa minda ya mpunga ndi nzimbe ku Guyana.

Adani: Ofuna kuthamangitsa zachilengedwewa ndi anacondas, anjeru, mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama, caimans ndi agalu amtchire.

Zowopsa: Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi zidutswa zake, komanso kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi kusaka kosaloledwa. Vutoli limavutika makamaka ndi kusaka m'malo angapo osiyanasiyana, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.

Maziko a nyamayi ndi nsomba ndi nkhanu (nkhanu), pomwe zimapanga mitundu yaying'ono kuposa yotentha yayikulu. Nyama yaku South America imadyanso nkhono zam'madzi ndi tizilombo, nthawi zina zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amadyanso nyama yaying'ono m'madzi, yayikulu - amawerengera.

Pakati pa Ogasiti 1993 ndi Seputembara 1994, kafukufuku wapadera anachitika pankhani ya zakudya za otters kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, pa mtsinje wa Betari. Nsomba zimapezeka mu 93% ya manyowa. Tizilombo tachilengedwe komanso ma crustaceans opezeka mu 78.9%. Zomwezi zimapezeka pofufuza ma otter m'madera ena.

South American otter imatsogolera moyo wamasana. Anthu ena adazolowera kugwira ntchito zausiku m'malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi nkhawa.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a thupi, mawonekedwe a ubweya ndi kuphika, oyimbira ndi osambira osangalatsa komanso osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zonse amakhala m'madzi kapena pafupi ndi madzi. Akwatibwi awo amasaka amatha mpaka masekondi 20-30. Misozi ndi mphuno zimatseka ndikamizidwa m'madzi.

Ma otter akamasambira pang'onopang'ono, amasanjika ndi mbali zinayi zonse. Mukamasambira kwambiri kapena kuwombera m'madzi, amalimbitsa mbali zazifupi zam'mbali ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyendo yam'mbuyo yolimba ndi mchira, womwe umakhala ngati chiwongola dzanja. Pamtunda, amasuntha ndulu ya "hunchback".

Mtsinje waku South America umawononga gawo laulendo wawo wamasiku onse pamasewera, monga momwe amachitira ena ma atter.

Wotchi amakumba dzenje pansi pafupi ndi chosungira, nthawi zambiri pakati pamizu yamitengo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Notropic river otter imadziwikanso pogwiritsa ntchito mapanga osiyanasiyana monga malo osungirako, omwe samawonedwa mwa mitundu ina ya otters. Koma popeza mapanga nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali ndi madzi, samakonda kubereka ana.

Kapangidwe kake: Mtunduwu, mwachionekere, siwanthu wamba, anthu pawokha amasungidwa okha. Yaikazi imavutika yamphongo nthawi yamkhaka, ndipo, monga nyambo ya ku Europe, magulu a oster omwe amawoneka palimodzi ndi akazi ndi ana awo.

Misewu yomwe ma otter amayenda mosalekeza, ndipo malo osaka a oster ali ndi chinsinsi cha zisa zawo, mkodzo ndi ndowe. Amasiya zilembo zawo pamalo okwezeka, monga mitengo, mizu, miyala, mchenga wamchenga komanso matanda omata pansi pa milatho. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito malo olimba, okwezeka, owuma, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, kuti aziyika malo olemba. Zikuwoneka kuti, amathandizira kulengeza za munthuyu ndikuwongolera zochitika zogonana, ndipo mwanjira imeneyi oputa amafotokozera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi.

Kubereka: Amuna amakumana ndi akazi nthawi yayitali chabe - izi zimachitika tsiku limodzi pachaka. Monga zotupa zina, zazikazi zimachedwa kukulira kamwana. Akazi amakhala ndi zimphuno ziwiri. Ana amabadwa ali ndi ubweya ndi ubweya, koma maso awo amatsekeka, ndipo amatseguka kwa masiku 44 okha. Ali ndi zaka 52, achinyamata amayamba kukwawa kunja kwa dzenje ndikuyendayenda pafupi. Ali ndi zaka 74, amalowa m'madzi ndi amayi awo ndikusaka. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana.

Nyengo / Nthawi yakubereketsa: Otter waku South America alibe nthawi yodziwika yobala. Kutha msinkhu: zaka 2-3. Mimba: masiku 56. Chomera: 1-5, pafupifupi ana agalu 2-3.

Anthu amapha otter aku South America kuti apeze nyama, ubweya, kapena mwa mwayi asodzi, popeza maopala amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndikumizidwa m'maukonde.

M'mayiko ena amchigawochi, nkhokwe yaku South America imakonda kusaka mwachangu, ndichifukwa chake sichipezeka m'malo ambiri omwe amakhala. Mtengo wogulitsa khungu limodzi la nyama uli pafupifupi $ 25-90. Mu 1959-1972, osungira osachepera 113,718 adakumbidwa, zikopa zake zidatulutsidwa kuchokera ku Amazon ya Peru. Ku Peru mu 1970, zikopa zopitilira 14,000 zidatumizidwa kunja, ndipo ena akuyerekeza kuti izi zidali 50% yokha ya nyama zomwe zaphedwa.

KuArgentina, chifukwa chakusaka kopitilira muyeso mu ma 1970, anthu oster adafika pa malo otsika kwambiri. Akavulaza atalandira chitetezo chokwanira mu 1983, anthu awo adayamba kuchuluka mwachangu.

Izi zidasungidwa mchaka cha 1973, komabe zikuwunikiridwa molakwika. Pakadali pano, mtunduwu umatetezedwa m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil ndi ena ambiri.

Subspecies atatu amadziwika kuti amasiyana mawonekedwe amphuno.

Lontra longicaudis annensens,

L. longicaudis enudris

L. longicaudis platenisis.

M'mbuyomu, otter waku South America amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Lutra, koma adasamukira ku mtundu wa Lontra kutengera kafukufuku waposachedwa. Openda zinyama ambiri amatsata gulu lakale, monga momwe amakonda kusiyanitsa mitundu yazinthuzo kukhala mitundu yodziyimira payokha.

Mawonekedwe

South American Otter - Nyama yokhala pakati pakatikati, yocheperako kukula mpaka kumtsinje wa Canada. Monga ma ottery onse amtsinje, imakhala ndi khungu loyenda lamiyendo yayitali komanso miyendo yayifupi, yolimba. Ubweya wautali wautali wautali ndi wafupikitsa komanso wosalala, wamtundu wakuda, wamimba komanso malo ozungulira pakamwa ndi opepuka, pafupifupi oyera. Mutu wake wamkati ndi wofewa, ndipo tsitsi lake lonse ndilolimba, lonyezimira. Kapangidwe ka ubweya kameneka kamapangitsa kuti oyambitsa azisunga mkati mwa undercoat pomwe amawira m'madzi. South American otter ilibe malo osungiramo mafuta, ndipo ubweya ndiyo njira yokhayo yosungira kutentha kwa thupi m'madzi ozizira. Mutu wa otter umakhala wozungulira komanso wamakutu pozungulira wokhala m'munsi, mutu ndi wamfupi komanso waukulu, wokhala ndi ndevu zazitali, khosi limakhala lakuda, lalifupi, lalitali mutu, mchira wake ndi wokulimba, wopindika, kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kumunsi. Maso ake ndi ang'ono, ozungulira, otsetsereka ndikupereka chiwonetsero chabwino, miyendo imakhala ndi ma membala, aliyense ali ndi zala zisanu ndi zala zamphamvu. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya otter yaku South America ndi yayifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe imawathandiza kusambira bwino. Ma otter akamasambira pang'onopang'ono, amayenda ndi miyendo yonse inayi, ndikusambira kapena kusambira mwachangu, amalikizira miyendo yayifupi yakutsogolo mmbali mwa thupi ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyendo yam'mbuyo yolimba ndi mchira, womwe umakhala ngati chithunzi cha woyendetsa. Makutu ndi mphuno za otter zimatseka ndikamizidwa m'madzi.

Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo

South American Otter Amadyetsa nsomba, zinyalala ndi ma crustaceans, nthawi zambiri zimakhala tizilombo tambiri, touluka tating'ono, mbalame ndi nyama za pamtunda.

Woyambitsa South America amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amakhala yekha. Anthu ena adazolowera kugwira ntchito zausiku m'malo omwe amasokonezedwa ndi anthu. Otters amaika malo osaka ndi chinsinsi cha zisa, mkodzo ndi ndowe, zomwe amazisiya pamalo okwera pafupi ndi madzi (mwachitsanzo, pamilatho ndi mitengo). Pali lingaliro lakuti mwanjira iyi osuta amalengeza jenda. Mtunduwu (monga ma otter ena onse) umawononga nthawi yayitali pa masewera.

Zotengera zazitali kukumba mabowo pansi pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nthawi zambiri pakati pamizu yamitengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito matako okhala kutali ndi madzi ngati malo (koma osaweta). Misewu yomwe maattery amayenda yosasunthika nthawi zonse, ndipo amalemba malo awo osaka ndi chinsinsi cha ndulu, mkodzo ndi ndowe. Zizindikiro zimasiyidwa pamtunda wowonekera, mwachitsanzo, pa mitengo, mizu, miyala, mchenga wamchenga komanso matanda omata pansi pa milatho. Zowoneka, zilembo zoterezi zimathandizira kulengeza za munthuyu ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi wamkazi kapena wamkazi.

Mitundu ya otters, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Thupi lokweralo la nyama zotere limasinthika bwino kuti lizisambira mwachangu. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi timawu tatifupi. Mchira, wokutira m'munsi ndikuthilira chakumapeto, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lonse, mumtundu wina umakutidwa ndi mbali yoyang'ana.

Mutu wa ma otters onse amakutidwa, ma vibrissae angapo amakula kuzungulira mphuno ndi m'mbali. Makutu ndi ang'ono komanso ozungulira, pafupi kwambiri posambira. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zikhadabo. Mawonekedwe akhungu kwambiri (tsitsi pafupifupi 70,000 pa 1 cm2) ndi tsitsi lalitali lakunja lomwe limagwira mpweya limateteza nyama ku hypothermia m'madzi.

Dziwani malingaliro ena pafupi.

Mtsinje (Common) Otter

Mitundu yodziwika komanso yodziwika bwino. Komanso, isanatulutsidwe m'zaka za zana la 19, malo okhala mtsinjewo anali ochulukirachulukira kuyambira ku Ireland kupita ku Japan komanso kuchokera ku Siberia kupita ku Sri Lanka. Masiku ano imapezeka kumayiko ambiri a Eurasia kumwera kwa tundra, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.

Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndi 57-70 cm, kulemera sikumaposa 10 kg. Ubweya ndi wofiirira, pakhosi kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka mtundu wa zonona. Zilimba zimapangidwa bwino, misomali ndi yamphamvu. Mchirawo ndi wa 35-40 cm, cylindrical, wandiweyani pansi.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa pamtsinje wa Novosibirsk Zoo.

Lutra lutra

Sumatran Otter

Amakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi a Southeast Asia.

Lutra sumatrana

Pamwamba pa ubweya ndi woderapo, pansi kumakhala kopepuka, khosi limakhala loyera. Zomwe zimapanga ma paws zimapangidwa bwino, misomali ndi yolimba. Mphuno ya Sumatran otter, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imakutidwa ndi tsitsi.

Wamphamvuyonse waku Asia Otter

Kugawidwa ku India, Sri Lanka, kumwera kwa China, Indochina, Indonesia. Sipangopezeka m'mitsinje, komanso m'minda ya mpunga.

Aonyx cinerea

Maonekedwe ang'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 45. Ubweya wake umakhala wopepuka kwa bulauni, kummero ndikuwonekeratu. Matako ndi ochepa, miyendo yam'manja imatha kufikira zolumikizana zomaliza za zala, zikhadabo ndizokhotakhota.

Giant otter

Amakhala ku South America.

Pteronura brasiliensis

Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumatha kufika 123 cm, kulemera - 35 kg. Ubweya pamwamba umakhala wakuda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawanga amchere pa chibwano, pakhosi ndi pachifuwa, milomo ndi chibwano zimayera. Tizilombo tating'ono tambiri ndikakang'ono, ma membala ndi zibwano zimapangidwa bwino. Mchira, womwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 65 cm, uli pakatikati momwe mungathere.

Izi mwina ndizosowa kwambiri. Chifukwa chofunafuna ubweya wofunikira kwambiri, chimphona chachikulucho chinasowa kwambiri pamitundu yambiri. Pakadali pano, choopseza chachikulu kwa iye ndikuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala.

Nyanja otter

Nyanja otter imapezeka pachilumba cha Kuril ndi Aleutian, gombe la North America kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku California. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 130 cm, ndipo unyinji wake umaposa chimphona chachikulu kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi oimira ena amtundu wamkati wokhala ndi thupi lopanda kuchepa komanso mchira wofupikitsa. Werengani zambiri zamatayala am'nyanja pano.

Enhydra lutris

Mphaka otter

Imakhala m'madzi amphepo yamkuntho ku West Coast ya South America kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku Cape Horn.

Lontra felina

Mwa zina zoyimitsa, iye amawoneka bwino ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino. Monga nyuwa yam'madzi, iye amangokhala m'madzi am'nyanja.

Mkulu Wamphamvuyonse Otter

Pamakhala chigwa cha Congo (Africa).

Aonyx congicus

Ubweya pamwamba ndi wofiirira, masaya ndi khosi zimakhala zoyera. Pa phatili yopanda utoto, zala zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri.

Kuswana

South American Otter ilibe nyengo yodziwika yakuswana. Monga ma ottery ena, amatha kuchedwa kukukula m'mimba. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala obadwa ndi ubweya, koma maso awo amatsekeka ndi kutseguka kwa masiku 44 okha. Ali ndi zaka 52, achinyamata amayamba kukwawa kunja kwa dzenje ndikuyendayenda pafupi. Ali ndi zaka 74, amayamba kuthandiza amayi awo kusaka m'madzi. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana. Amakumana ndi akazi pokhapokha pakubala - izi zimachitika tsiku limodzi pachaka.

Kodi otter amadya chiyani?

Woyambitsa nyama ndi wadyera ndipo amadya kwambiri nsomba. Nyama yake imakhala ndi mitundu yapansi, monga eel. Nthawi zambiri imagwira achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, makoswe am'madzi, chilombo chimatha kugwira bakha kapena tsekwe.

Ma Otter amakhala ndi metabolism yozama. Thupi m'madzi limapereka kutentha msanga, zomwe zimatengera mphamvu zambiri. Patsiku lomwe amafunika kudya kuchuluka kwa nsomba, mpaka 15% ya kulemera kwawo. Chifukwa chake, amakhala nthawi yayitali akusaka - kuyambira maola atatu mpaka asanu patsiku.

Otter nthawi zambiri amasaka yekha.Mitundu ina yokha (yayikulu, ya tsitsi losalala, yaku Canada komanso yoyera) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagulu posaka.

Pa chithunzichi, ovuta, atatha kusaka bwino, adatuluka m'madzi kuti adye.

Khalidwe la Otter

Ma Otter ndiye okhawo omwe amaphedwa omwe ali ndi moyo wa amphibian. Amasambira mwachangu komanso kumayenda pansi modabwitsa. Amadyetsa makamaka m'madzi, komanso amakhala momasuka pamtunda. Mwachitsanzo, mtsinje wa mitsinje umatha kuyenda mu chisanu kwa maola angapo mosalekeza.

Nthawi zambiri, ma ottery amakhala m'maenje, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakonzekeretsa nyumbayo kuti khomo lolowamo lizitseguka pansi pa madzi. Nthawi zina amachita zinthu ngati phula mumabedi.

Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira pamalo omwe otter amakhala, chimatha kukhazikika kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe, ngati masheya amachepetsedwa, nyamayo imasamukira kumalo ena "mkate". Kuphatikiza pa dzenje lalikulu m'deralo la nyama yanzeru, pali malo ena owonjezera omwe mungabisike kwa adani ambiri - nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, wolverines, mimbulu, lynxes, ndi zina zambiri.

Otter amakhala otakataka makamaka madzulo komanso usiku, komanso masana, ngati palibe amene akuwasokoneza, amatha kusaka.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya otters imadziwika ndi magulu osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati ma sea otter atha kukhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo amuna oyimitsa ku Canada amapanga magulu a anthu 10-16, ndiye kuti otsekereza mumtsinje amakonda kukhala pawokha. Akazi okhala ndi ana amatenga gawo limodzi ndi akazi ena, komabe aliyense amateteza gawo lawolo. Ziwembu zazimuna zazikulupo ndizokulirapo ndipo zimalimbirana ndi ziweto zazimayi zingapo. Akazi ndi amuna okhaokha amangogwirizana kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri nyengo yakubzala. Amuna samatenga nawo gawo polera ana ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri m'mitsinje yayikulu komanso m'malo opezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Akazi amakonda mitsinje ing'onoing'ono komanso malo okhala.

Akazi a otter wamba ndi amayi osamala kwambiri. Ana ake amakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka atafika zaka 1. Pakadali pano, akuwaphunzitsa momwe angawedza. Kusodza ndi luso lenileni, ndipo ku ungwiro, achichepere achichepere amangochita bwino pofika chaka ndi theka.

Otters amalankhula kwambiri. Mu otters wamba, zizindikiro zomveka kwambiri ndizizolowezi zapamwamba pakati pa amayi ndi ana. Pankhondo, nyama zimatha kumeza ngati amphaka, ndipo anthu owopsa nthawi zambiri amasangalala. M'masewera, kupenya kwawo kumafalikira patali.

Kusamalira zachilengedwe

Ubweya wa otter ndiwokongola komanso wolimba kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake m'mbuyomu nyama izi zidaphedwa paliponse. Zidawonongekanso pofuna kupewa kuti nsomba zizichepetsedwa. Dongosolo lotere silimapezekanso m'maiko ambiri kumene limakonda kufalikira (mwachitsanzo, ku Netherlands, Belgium ndi Switzerland). Ndipo masiku ano, pamene mitundu yonse ya ma otter adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse lapansi, ziwerengero zawo zikupitilira kuchepa chifukwa choipitsidwa ndi matupi amadzi.

Kufotokozera kwa South American Otter

Ma otchiwa amakhala ndi kukula kwa thupi;

Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana masentimita 50 mpaka 79, kuphatikiza ndi kutalika kwa mchira - 37,5-57 masentimita. Kulemera kumasiyana ma kilogalamu 5 mpaka 145.

Amuna ndi akuluakulu kuposa akazi. Monga ma otter ena onse, ma otter aku South America ali ndi thupi lalitali lamiyendo yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi.

Mutuwu ndiwoterera wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira omwe amakhala pansi kumbali. Chizindikiro chake ndichopanda komanso chachifupi. Khosi limakhala lakuda komanso lalifupi, ndipo m'lifupi mwake limafanana ndi m'lifupi. Maso ndi ochepa, koma amakhala pamwamba, kotero otetezawo amawona bwino. Mchira wake umakhala wonenepa, wokulirapo. Chigoba chilichonse chimatha ndi zala zisanu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba. Zala zakumaso zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo.

Ubweya wonenepa ndi wautali umamveka kuti ukugwira. Tsitsi lotsala limakhala louma komanso lonyezimira, kutalika kwake ndi mamilimita 12-14, ndipo undercoat ndi yofewa, kutalika kwake kumafika ku millimeter 7-9. Kapangidwe ka ubweya kameneka kamathandiza kuti oyambitsa azisunga mkati mwa undercoat. Alibe mafuta osungira. Mtundu wa ubweya ndi woderapo, pomwe m'mimba mwake ndiowala kwambiri, pafupifupi koyera. Pakamwa pamayera pakamwa. Mkati wamkati ndi siliva wonyezimira.

South American Otter ((Lontra longicaudis).

Mtsinje wa Neotropic Otter Habitat

Nyamayi imakhala m'madambo, mitsinje, nyanja, m'malo osiyanasiyana amtsinje omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ma ottery aku South America amakonda mitsinje yoyera ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi magetsi amphamvu. Palinso umboni kuti malo amenewa amapezeka m'minda ya mpunga ndi minda ya nzimbe ku Guyana.

Moyo waku Otter waku South America

Malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ya Neotropic amatsogolera moyo wamasana, koma m'malo omwe mumakhala, anthu ena amasinthana ndi zochitika zausiku.

Ma otter aku South America amatha kusambira ndikutsamira bwino. Woyamwa akamamizidwa m'madzi, makutu ake ndi mphuno yake imakhala pafupi. Ngati otter mulibe m'madzi, ndiye kuti ili pafupi nawo. Ndikusambira pang'onopang'ono, ma batter amayenda ndi miyendo yonse inayi, ndipo ndikusunthira mwachangu, amakakamira kumaso kwa thupi ndikugwedeza mwamphamvu ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndi mchira.

Otter amakhala nthawi zonse pafupi ndi dziwe, chifukwa nthawi zambiri moyo wawo umadutsa m'madzi.

Monga ma otter onse, ma otter aku South America amathera nthawi yawo pamasewera. Amakumba mabowo pansi pafupi ndi chosungira, ndipo amatha kugwiritsanso ntchito matako ngati malo othawirako, koma ma otter nthawi zambiri samaberekako ana. Amatha kuimba maphokoso, kulira kapena kung'ung'udza.

Zakudya za ma neotropical river otters zimakhala ndi nsomba, crustaceans, mollusks, tizilombo, zotulutsa, nthawi zina nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame.

Adani achilengedwe a otentha aku South America ndi anyani, anacondas, caimans, mbalame zamtopola komanso agalu amtchire.

Kapangidwe kake ka ma otters aku South America

Oyendetsa ku South America nthawi zambiri samakhala nyama zocheza. Amakumana mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Wamphongo amakhala pafupi ndi wamkazi nthawi yakukhwima.

Otters nthawi zonse amayenda munjira zofanizira zomwe zimalembedwa ndi zinseru za ndulu, ndowe ndi mkodzo.

Otters amaika mkodzo m'malo otchuka: pamapiri, miyala, mitengo, ndi zina.

Zoyala zazing'ono zimadyedwa m'madzi, ndipo zazikulu zimafikira kumtunda.

Kukopa kwa anthu pa kuchuluka kwa otters aku South America

Ma otterropical mitsinje osasaka amasaka nyama ndi zikopa. Otters nawonso amafa, omangidwa mu maukonde asodzi.

Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala oster komanso kusaka nyama izi kudapangitsa kuti mitunduyi itheretu.

Zowopsa za mitundu ya ma otters aku South America zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo: anthu amadula nkhalango, minda yolima, malo owuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawidwewo akhale osiyanasiyana, ndipo izi, zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma otter amavutika ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi. Nyama zambiri zimafa chifukwa chosaka mosaloledwa.

Masiku ano, ma otter a mitsinje ya neotropic ali otetezedwa ndi boma m'maiko ambiri. Tiyenera kukhulupilira kuti izi zithandiza kukhalabe ndikuwoneka.

Otter waku South America

South American Otter Lontra longicaudis (ofanananso ndi Lutra incarum) - amakhala m'madzi, mitsinje, madambo ndi zimbudzi za Mexico ndi South America. Ku South America, imapezeka ku Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Ku Mexico, otter ndiofala kwambiri. Mwa otter onse aku South America, ili ndi gawo logulitsa kwambiri.

South American otter ndi nyama yotalikirapo, yocheperako mpaka kukula kumtsinje wa Canada. Monga ma ottery onse amtsinje, imakhala ndi khungu loyenda lamiyendo yayitali komanso miyendo yayifupi, yolimba. Ubweya ndi wamfupi komanso wosalala, wamtundu wakuda woderapo, m'mimba ndi wopepuka, pafupifupi woyera. Dera lozungulira pakamwa lili pafupifupi loyera. Mapulogalamu atatu amasiyana mumapangidwe amphuno. Chovala chamkati chofewa, tsitsi lakunja ndilolimba, lonyezimira. Kapangidwe ka ubweya kameneka kamapangitsa kuti oyambitsa azisunga mkati mwa nyanjayi kuti ikhale yonyowa pomwe nyama imanyowa. South American otter ilibe malo osungiramo mafuta, ndipo ubweya ndiyo njira yokhayo yosungira kutentha kwa thupi m'madzi ozizira.

Mutu wa otter umakhala wozungulira komanso wamakutu pozungulira pang'ono. Chizindikiro ndichofupikira komanso chachikulu, chokhala ndi ndevu zazitali. Khosi limakhala lakuda, lalifupi, lalitali. Maso ndi ang'ono, ozungulira, okhala pamwamba ndipo amapereka chiwonetsero chabwino.

Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo, wopindika, wamisempha kuyambira pansi mpaka kumapeto. Mawotchiwa amakhala ndi utoto, iliyonse imakhala ndi zala zisanu. Pa mapazi opindika - zikhadabo zolimba. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya otter ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo, yomwe imawathandiza kusambira bwino. Ma otter akamasambira pang'onopang'ono, amasanjika ndi mbali zinayi zonse. Mukamasambira kwambiri kapena kuwombera m'madzi, amalimbitsa mbali zazifupi zam'mbali ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyendo yam'mbuyo yolimba ndi mchira, womwe umakhala ngati chiwongola dzanja. Misozi ndi mphuno zimatseka ndikamizidwa m'madzi. Akazi amakhala ndi zimphuno ziwiri.

South American otter amadya nsomba, nkhono ndi ma crustaceans, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala tizilombo. zokwawa zazing'ono, mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amadya nyama yaying'ono m'madzi. chachikulu - chimanyamula m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikuchidyako.

Otera waku South America alibe nthawi yodziwika yoberekera. Monga ma setera ena, amatha kuchedwa kukukula kwa mluza, koma nthawi yake yokhala ndi pakati sichidziwika. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala obadwa ndi ubweya, koma maso awo ndi otsekeka ndi lotseguka masiku 44. Ali ndi zaka 52, achinyamata amayamba kukwawa kunja kwa dzenje ndikuyendayenda pafupi. Ali ndi zaka 74, amalowa m'madzi ndi amayi awo ndikusaka. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana. Amakumana ndi akazi pokhapokha pakubala - izi zimachitika tsiku limodzi pachaka.

Woyambitsa South America amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amakhala yekha. Anthu ena adazolowera kugwira ntchito zausiku m'malo omwe amasokonezedwa ndi anthu. Otters amaika malo osaka ndi chinsinsi cha zisa, mkodzo ndi ndowe, zomwe amazisiya pamalo okwera pafupi ndi madzi (mwachitsanzo, pamilatho ndi mitengo). Pali lingaliro lakuti mwanjira iyi osuta amalengeza jenda. Zambiri pamawu awo zimangokhala chifukwa cha kuwomba mluzu, kugunda ndi kuwomba kwakuthwa.

Woyendetsa ku South America amakumba dzenje pansi pafupi ndi chosungira, nthawi zambiri pamizu yamitengo kapena amakhala m'phanga m'matanthwe.

South American otter imasakidwa mwachangu, ichi ndiye chifukwa chake sichipezeka m'malo ambiri omwe amakhala. Mtunduwu pakadali pano wotetezedwa m'maiko ambiri. Omwe amayesera zachilengedwe za oster ndi anacondas, anjeru, mbalame zamtchire, caimans ndi agalu amtchire.

Mapulogalamu atatu amadziwika.
Lutra longicaudis
Lutra longicaudis enudris
Lutra longicaudis platenisis.

M'mbuyomu, otter waku South America amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Lutra, koma adasamukira ku mtundu wa Lontra kutengera kafukufuku waposachedwa. Openda zinyama ambiri amatsata gulu lakale, monga momwe amakonda kusiyanitsa mitundu yazinthuzo kukhala mitundu yodziyimira payokha.