Awa ndi Tarbagan

Tikupitilizabe kulankhula za nyama zosowa pamasamba a tsamba lathu la asaka (mutu wa chimodzi mwazomwe tinafotokozapo kale anali kufotokoza za saiga ndi zikhalidwe zakuwusaka), ndipo lero tikukupemphani kuti mulankhule za tarbagan - wokhala m'phiri la Mongolia. Tiyeni tonse tiphunzire zikhalidwe za nyamayi ndi za kufunika kosaka.

Malo okhala Tarbagan

Pali ziwombankhanga zazikulu zikuuluka m'mwamba ndipo zili phokoso la abakha ofiira. M'madzi otentha a Tarbagany akuwoneka ponseponse, pomwe pamatha kudyera pang'onopang'ono, koma akangoona zoopsa - amathamangira kumabowo. Pofika pamalo oterowo, amasuntha thupi pansi, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi limakhota mwachidule komanso mokwiya, chifukwa chake michira yawo, ikakanikizidwa kumbuyo kwawo, imawuluka ngati mbendera.

Tarbagany samangokhala m'phiri lokhala ndi mapiri, koma pamlingo wina ndiwowumanga ndi amisiri omanga nyumba, chifukwa ndi omwe amapanga mapangidwe oterewa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nsanja yomwe nyama izi zimakhalamo imakhala ngati itakutidwa ndi mahema obiriwira - izi ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zazikulu zapadziko lapansi zolengedwa izi.

Ma Tarbagans amakhala m'midzi

Chifukwa chake, akukonza mabowo awo pansi, chaka chilichonse pamtunda wamtunduwu amadzetsa matani ambiri padziko lapansi. Komanso, dothi lomwe limakhazikitsidwa nthawi yokumba ilinso ndi zinthu zina kuposa nthaka, ndipo izi zimathandizira kuti mbewu zikule. Makamaka, namsongole, yemwe amakula pansi kuchokera kumabowo, nthawi yomweyo amaoneka motsutsana ndi maziko a steppe ndi mtundu wake wowala komanso kutalika kwakukulu.
Komabe, ntchito za padziko lapansi za a Tarbagan zidathetsa msipu, popeza mbewu zomwe zimakhala m'm marmoni ndizomwe zimapanga kwambiri.

Tarbagan sikuti amangokhala mlimi, komanso womanga yemwe amapereka nyumba kwa anthu ena okhala mapiri. M'mingala yakale ya Tarbaganyach, nkhandwe, mbendera, amphaka a manula, mimbulu, zala, tolai hares ndi abakha ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhazikika. Ndi m'mabowo kuti amabala ana awo.
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Kuyika nyengo yachisanu a Tarbagans

Munthawi yovuta kwambiri yokhala kumapiri a phirilo, ubweya wowondera komanso mabowo akuya, otalika mpaka mita 15, kuteteza tarbagan osati mausiku ozizira okha, komanso nyengo yozizira. Popeza akwaniritsa kilogalamu yamafuta pofika nthawi yophukira, amadzimata, akumatseka khomo lakunyumba kwawo nyengo yachisanu. Ma Tarbagans amagona kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pamtunda wotentha pafupi ndi zero madigiri, pomwe pamtunda pamatha kukhala oundana, ndipo mzere wa thermometer umatha kutsikira mpaka madigiri 45 pansi pa ziro.

Chapakatikati - m'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, ma tarbagans amadzuka kugona kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikubwera. Zowona, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kasupe waku Central Asia sofanana kwambiri ndi kasupe wamalo apakati. Palibe mitsinje yokongola, palibe fungo lamasamba a dothi lonyowa, palibe msipu, palibe maluwa ndi nyimbo za mbalame. Dothi louma, lopanda kanthu, losweka pambuyo pa miyezi yayitali ya chilala, mphepo yozizira, ndi mitambo yakuda yafumbi - ili ndi kasupe ku Mongolia. Ndipo, nthawi iyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamavuto kwambiri nyama zomwe zimadya udzu ndi zipatso. Komabe, a Tarbagans amakwanitsabe kuti apeze chakudya chawochomwe - chifukwa, chifukwa cha izi ayenera kuthawa bowo. Gophers ndi mafuta otsala omwe amapeza ndi omwe adagwa kale amathandizira.
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Kuberekera kwa tarbagans

M'mwezi wa Meyi, ana asanu ndi amodzi a maliseche opanda ana ndi 66 amabadwa ku Tarbagan, aliyense wa iwo amalemera mpaka magalamu 50. Komabe, nyamazo zimakula mwachangu ndipo mkati mwa sabata matupi awo amakutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa komanso wowonda, pambuyo pa masabata awiri amatsegula maso, ndipo patatha milungu 4 amabwera ndikuyamba kudzipezera okha chakudya. Pakadali pano, nyamazo ndizosasamala kwambiri ndipo zimatha kugwidwa ndi manja.

Wamphongo ndi wamkazi pamodzi amasamalira kulera achichepere. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona momwe amawonera ana awo mwachidwi, omwe amayendayenda kuzungulira dzenje. Mukugwa, makolo amabisala ndi ana awo a chaka chino, ndipo zinyalala za chaka chatha naziphatikizanso - sizosadabwitsa chifukwa pakhoza kukhala malo ogona 12 kapena kuposerapo.
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Dzanja Tarbagans

Tarbagan imatha kutetezedwa mosavuta

Ma tarbag achichepere otere amabwereketsa ngwoyenera kusuntha, ndipo ngakhale kuyankha dzina laulere, amatenga chakudya m'manja, ndipo amadya moseketsa, akugona pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndi kutsogolo, kuthinikizidwa, kumenya ziguduli pakamwa pawo. A Gopher amakonda kwambiri maswiti - ma cookie, shuga, maswiti ngakhale kupanikizana. Amadya zakudya zabwino zotentha, zophimba maso awo ndi chisangalalo. Nthawi yomweyo, woponda zakudya, atadya zakudya zabwino, amangopempha zina.

Ma tarbagans oseketsa komanso osewera ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ana a ana (pang'onopang'ono). Amasewera ndi ana ndi nyama modzifunira, kuthamanga, kugwirira, kugubuduza ndi kuthana ndi mnzake pamasewerawa ndi mano awo amphamvu (pomwe samaluma konse).
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Adani a Tarbagan

Tarbagan wamkulu ndi adani ochepa pakati pa zinyama. Mmbulu ndi chiwombankhanga chokhacho chomwe chimalimbana nacho. Koma, pokhala nyama yochenjera, yokhala ndi makutu olankhula bwino komanso masomphenya, Tarbagan amakwanira kuti azindikire ngozi ndikuyiyankha ndi liwiro la mphezi. Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi moyo wachikoloni wa anyaniwa, komanso chizindikiro chokwanira kuchokera ku nyama imodzi kuchokera koloni yotere, pomwe ma gopher ena onse amathamangira kumakumba awo opulumutsa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nyama zodya nyama zing'onozing'ono zimathamangitsidwa ngakhale ndi a Tarbagans. Chifukwa chake, m'modzi wa akatswiri azamalo atatha kuwona zithunzi zosangalatsa -

Ma Tarbagans adathamangitsa thirakiti lomwe linalowa m'gawo lawo. Nthawi yomweyo, imodzi mwa nyamazo inaimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuti ione bwino mdaniyo. Pambuyo pake, adapanga likhweru lakuthwa ndi kuboola ndipo adathamangira komweko. Ma tarbagans ena onse adathandizira wowombayo ndi kulira. Woyesayo adathawa, nasiya gawo ili wopanda chilichonse.
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Mtengo wasodzi wa Tarbagan

Popeza anthu ambiri okhala m'mphepete mwa phirili ndi ambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri yamalonda.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, zikopa za tarbagan zidabweretsa Mongolia kuposa 50% ya ndalama zonse zomwe dzikolo lidalandira kuchokera ku malonda.

Koma, kuphatikiza ubweya wa ma tarbagans, mafuta a akatswiriwa ndi nyama adalinso amtengo wapatali.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuwedza ma tarbagan kwakhala ndi mbiri yayitali. Ndipo, poyamba nyama izi sizidasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, koma nyama yawo. Ndipo, lero mutha kukumana ndi osaka omwe amakonda masewera a tarbagans makamaka kuchokera pamalo owonera chakudya, zikopa, poganizira za njira yapadera yophikira soseji, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi iwo. Chakudya choterocho cha nyama ya tarbagan chimatchedwa kuti ndevu, kuti chimangiridwe kuchokera ku mawu achi Mongolia.
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Chinsinsi cha Tarbagan cha boodykha

Anthu okhala ndi ndevu zakonzedwa motere - nyamayo imapachikidwa ndi odulira pa waya, samachotsa Shurka, ndipo kudzera mu dzenje laling'ono pakati pamatumba amatulutsira mkati. Chikwama chotere cha zikopa chokhala ndi nyama chimaphikidwa. Ziwalo zake zamkati zimawonedwa ngati mbali zotheka - chiwindi ndi impso zawo ndipo zimayikidwa mkati mwa "thumba". Pamodzi ndi iwo amayika miyala yoyaka pakati. Pofuna kuteteza bwino kununkhira kwa mbale yotere - khosi la mtembo ndilomangika. Mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwamkati, ubweya umayamba kuyenda. Itha kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi manja anu. Kenako mtembo umakankhidwa mpaka golide wagolide. Tadula pang'ono, timiyala timatulutsidwa ndipo mbaleyo imakonzeka kuti yakonzeka.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti njira yokonzekera iyi ndi yofanana ndi mwambo. Zowonadi, msuzi wochokera mkatimo, umatchedwa bodyhan shul, osaka amamwa kudzikulitsa.

Mwa njira, Marco Polo adatcha Tarbaganov ... makoswe amphara, adalemba m'mawu ake kuti anthu am'deralo amakonda kudya nyama zotere.

Kusaka kwa Tarbagan

Tarbagan imatha kusakidwa munjira zambiri. Koma, nthawi zambiri osaka amagwiritsa ntchito mikono yaying'ono. Ndipo, kuti athe kuyandikira nyamayo patali ndi kuwombera - amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Maluso awa adatsalira kuyambira nthawi zam'mbuyo zomwe zimasaka mauta. Chifukwa chake, mlenje yemwe amatsata tarbagan amavala suti yapadera, yomwe ili ndi malaya azitali, oyera ngati ubweya wa mbuzi. Pamutu pake amavala chipewa choyera cha ubweya chokhala ndi makutu aatali komanso owongoka, ngati a bulu. Kuvala uku, atatenga mfutiyo m'manja ndi mchira wina kwinaku, msakiyo amayamba kuyandikira ma tarbagans mozungulira, ndikumangogwirana ndi chingwe cha yak, ndipo nthawi zina amagona pansi, ndikugudubuka pansi. Ma Tarbagans, powona china chosamveka, amayimirira pafupi ndi mabowo awo ndikufuula mosasamala, koma osabisala, chifukwa ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa kuti ndi nyama yanji. Chifukwa chake, mlenje amawayandikira patali ndi kuwombera ndipo amatha kuwombera.

Mutha kusaka ndi tarbagan ndi agalu, kuugwira mumsampha ndi malupu, kupulumuka kuchokera ku dzenje ndi madzi, kukumba mu dzenje nthawi yozizira ...
kubwerera ku zomwe zili contents

Komwe kuli tarbagan

Ma Tarbagans sakhala m'mapiri okha a Mongolia, komanso m'mapiri apakati pa Asia. Ndipo awa ndi abale apafupi a Tarbagan - marmot baibak - omwe amakhala ku Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan ...

Lero tidalankhula za nyama yosangalatsa ngati tarbagan. Anaphunzira za malo omwe amakhala, chikhalidwe chake, chikhalidwe chake, zamatsenga osakira munthu wotchuka komanso momwe amamuwonera. Mukapezeka ku Mongolia kapena mayiko ena kumene ma tarbagan amapezeka, mudzatha kupeza nyamayi.

Kodi mudasakapo tarbagan kapena baibaka? Gawani zochitika zanu zosaka ndi ife.

Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa potengera zomwe Pulofesa A. Bannikov adatenga kuchokera kwaulere.

Apa mutha kuwerenganso zamitundu yakusaka ku Kyrgyzstan.

Tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu ndi ndemanga, gwiritsani ntchito gulu lathu la VKontakte!

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Mapiri a ku Mongolia amapezeka ku North Hemisphere, monga anzawo onse, koma malowa amapitilira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China. Ndizachikhalidwe kusiyanitsa pakati pamitundu iwiri ya tarbagan. Orginary kapena Marmota sibirica sibirica amakhala ku Transbaikalia, Eastern Mongolia, ku China. Khangai subspecies Marmota sibirica caliginosus imapezeka ku Tuva, kumadzulo komanso pakati pa Mongolia.

Tarbagan, monga khumi ndi limodzi ogwirizana kwambiri komanso mitundu isanu yazinyama zomwe zasowa masiku ano, adatuluka ku nthambi ya mtundu wa Marmota ku Prospermophilus ku Late Miocene. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ku Pliocene inali yofala. European idakali deti kuchokera ku Pliocene, ndipo aku North America adakhalako mpaka kumapeto kwa Miocene.

Ma marmot amakono asunga mawonekedwe apadera a mawonekedwe a axial chigaza Paramyidae wa nthawi ya Oligocene kuposa oyimira ena agologolo padziko lapansi. Osati mwachindunji, koma achibale oyandikana kwambiri a marmot amakono anali a American Palearctomys Douglass ndi Arktomyoides Douglass, omwe amakhala ku Miocene mu meadows ndi nkhalango zowirira.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Zomwe Tarbagan akuwoneka

Kutalika kwa mtembowo ndi 56,5 masentimita, mchirawo ndi 10,3 cm, womwe ndi pafupifupi 25% kutalika kwa thupi. Chigoba ndi 8.6 - 9.9 mm kutalika ndipo ali ndi mphumi wopyapyala komanso wamtali komanso masaya otambalala. Mu tarbagan, postorbital tubercle samatchulidwa monga mitundu ina. Zovala, zazifupi, zofewa. Utoto wake ndi wachikasu, lotuwa, koma utaphunziridwa bwino, nsonga zakuda zautsitsi zakunja zimapindika. Hafu yotsika ya mtemboyo ndi imvi. Kumbali zonse, utoto ndi wofiyira ndipo umasiyananso ndi kumbuyo ndi pamimba.

Pamwamba pamutu pali kuda kwambiri, kumawoneka ngati chipewa, makamaka m'dzinja, atasungunuka. Palibenso china kuposa mzere womwe umalumikiza pakati pa makutu. Masaya, ma vibrissae ndi opepuka ndipo mitundu yawo yaphatikizika. Danga pakati pa maso ndi makutu limakhalanso lowala. Nthawi zina makutu amakhala ofiira pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, imvi. Malowa ndi amdima pang'ono pansi pa maso, komanso oyera pozungulira milomo, koma pali malire akuda m'makona ndi chibwano. Mchira, ngati utoto wakumbuyo, ndi wakuda kapena wakuda kumbali yakumapeto, monganso mbali yake yam'munsi.

Zoyambitsa za pentiyi zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa ma molars. Kusinthasintha kwa moyo wa mizinga ndi kufunika kwa kukumba ndi manja awo kunapangitsa kufupikitsidwa; miyendo yakumbuyoyo idasinthidwa makamaka poyerekeza ndi agologolo ena, makamaka ma chipmunks. Chala chachinayi cha makoswe chimapangidwa kukhala champhamvu kuposa chachitatu, ndipo kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kungakhale kulibe. Ma Tarbagans alibe matumba. Kulemera kwa nyama kumafika pamtunda wa 6-8 kg, mpaka kufika pa 9.8 kg, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe 25% yakulemera kwake ndi mafuta, pafupifupi 2-2.3 kg. Mafuta a subcutaneous ndi 2-3 nthawi yochepa kuposa mafuta am'mimba.

Ma Tarbagans a kumpoto kwa makulidwewo ndiocheperako. M'mapiri, anthu akuluakulu komanso achikuda akuda amapezeka. Zoyerekeza zakum'mawa ndizopepuka, kutalika kwake kumadzulo, khungu la nyama limachita khungu. Ms. sibirica ndi yaying'ono komanso yopepuka kukula ndi "cap" yakuda. Ms. caliginosus ndi wokulirapo, pamwamba amapakidwa utoto wakuda, kuti utoto wa chokoleti, ndipo chipewa sichinatchulidwe monga m'mawu am'mbuyomu, ubweya umakhala wotalikirapo.

Kodi tarbagan amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mongolian tarbagan

Tarbagany amapezeka kumapazi a kumapazi ndi kumapiri. Malo awo okhala ndi udzu wokwanira kudyetsa: mitengo, zitsamba, mapiri a mapiri, mapiri a mapiri, malo otseguka, nkhalango zamapiri, malo otsetsereka a mapiri, chipululu, mitsinje ndi zigwa. Amatha kupezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 3.8,000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. ., koma osakhala m'mitengo yaying'ono yamapiri. Ma solonchaks, ma gullies opapatiza ndi maenje amathanso kupewa.

Kumpoto kwa mtunduwo, iwo amakhala m'mphepete mwa kumwera, kotentha, koma amatha kukhala ndimphepete mwa nkhalango pamphepete kumpoto. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi oponderapo phiri komanso mapiri. M'malo oterowo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo osungirako nyama imapereka nyama kwa nthawi yayitali. Pali malo pomwe udzu umasintha kubiriwira koyambilira kwa nyengo yamasika ndi malo amdima pomwe masamba ake samatha kutentha nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi izi, nyengo yosuntha ya tarbagans imachitika. Zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimakhudza zochitika za moyo ndi kubereka nyama.

Zomera zikamalira, kusunthidwa kwa tarbagan kumawonedwanso, zomwezi zimatha kuwonedwa m'mapiri, kutengera kusintha kwa lamba kwamanyowa, chakudya chodutsa chopita. Kuyenda kokhazikika kumatha kukhala 800-1000 metres kutalika. Magawo amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana a M. s. sibirica amakhala m'malo otsika, ndi M. s. caliginosus imakwera pamtunda wa mapiri ndi malo otsetsereka.

Mbalame zaku Siberian zimakonda nsanja:

• phala lam'mapiri komanso dzenje, lomwe silimakhala chowawa,
• forbs (kuvina),
• nthenga, nthenga, zophatikizidwa ndi sedge ndi ma forbs.

Mukamasankha malo okhalamo, ma tarbagans amasankhidwa ndi iwo omwe ali ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino - pamitunda yaudzu wotsika. Ku Transbaikalia ndi kum'mawa kwa Mongolia, imakhala m'mapiri momwemo matanthwe abwino komanso m'mphepete mwake, komanso m'mapiri. M'mbuyomu, madera okhala malo okhala adafika kudera la nkhalango. Tsopano nyamayi imasungidwa bwino kumapiri a Hentei komanso mapiri akumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe tarbagan imapezeka. Tiye tiwone zomwe khonde lidya.

Kodi tarbagan amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Marmot Tarbagan

Mabwato a ku Siberia ndi herbivorous ndipo amadya magawo obiriwira a zomera: chimanga, asteraceae, mothito.

Kumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia, chakudya chachikulu cha tarbagans ndi:

• wamisala,
• chisangalalo,
• kaleria
• udzu wamaloto
• buttercups
• zakuzika,
• scutellaria,
• dandelion,
• owopsa,
• bulwheat
• opsinjika
• cymbaria
• chomera,
• chisangalalo,
• munda
• mikanda
• komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyezi wamtchire ndi chowawa.

Chochititsa chidwi: Tikasungidwa, nyama izi zidadya mitundu 33 ya mbewu kuchokera pa 54 yomwe imamera m'mphepete mwa Transbaikalia.

Pali kusintha kwamadye nthawi ndi nthawi. Chapakatikati, pomwe kulibe msipu wokwanira, pomwe ma tarbagans amasiya mabowo, amadya turf yomwe ikukula kuchokera ku chimanga ndi sedges, ma rhizomes ndi mababu.Kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti, ndikakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, amatha kudya pamitu yawo yomwe amakonda kwambiri ya Asteraceae, yomwe imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso zinthu zina zam'mimba zosavuta. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti, komanso zaka zowuma komanso zakale, pomwe mbewu zam'mizere zimatentha, mbewu za makoswe zimatha kuzidya, koma pamthunzi, pakuchepetsa mpumulo, udzu ndi chowawa zikadasungidwa.

Monga lamulo, marmot a Siberia samadya chakudya chanyama, ali mu ukapolo amapatsidwa mbalame, agologolo pansi, ziwala, kafadala, mphutsi, koma ma tarbagans sanavomereze izi. Koma mwina, pakakhala chilala komanso chifukwa chosowa chakudya, amadya nyama.

Chochititsa chidwi: Zipatso za mbewu, nthanga sizimayidwa ndi ma marm Siberian, koma zimafesedwa, limodzi ndi feteleza wophatikizidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi lapansi, izi zimathandizira mawonekedwe a steppe.

Tarbagan amadya kuchokera kumodzi mpaka theka la kilogalamu wobiriwira wobiriwira tsiku limodzi. Nyama samamwa madzi. Ma groundhogs amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikutulutsa mafuta ambiri am'mimba, osafanana ndi mafuta am'mimba, amayamba kuthiriridwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa ntchito. Mafuta atsopano amayamba kudziunjikira kumapeto kwa Meyi - Julayi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Njira yamoyo ya tarbagan imafanana ndi chikhalidwe komanso moyo wa marmot, gombe lofiirira, koma mabowo awo ndi akuya, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa makamera kuli kocheperako. Nthawi zambiri kuposa izi, iyi ndi kamera imodzi yokha yayikulu. M'mapiri, mtundu wamakhazikika ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wamanja. Malo ogulitsira nthawi yozizira, koma osati magawo omwe ali kutsogolo kwa chipinda chodyeracho, amakhala otsekeka ndi chidebe chadothi. Mwachitsanzo, m'zigwa za kumapiri, monga ku Dauria, malo otsetsereka a Bargoy, malo omwe mumakhala marmot amtunduwu amagawanidwanso m'dera lalikulu.

Kukula nyengo yachisanu, kutengera malo ndi malo, ndi miyezi 6 - 7.5. Kubisa hibernation kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia kumachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ndondomekoyi imatha kupitilira masiku 20-30. Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi misewu kapena komwe munthu amazizunza siziyenda bwino mafuta ndikukhalabe nthawi yayitali.

Kuzama kwa dzenje, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala ndi ziweto zochulukirapo kumakuthandizani kuti muzitha kutentha kutentha m'chipindacho pamlingo wa 15 madigiri. Ikamagwa mpaka zero, nyamazo zimapita mtulo ndikuyenda kwawo zimatentezana ndi malo ozungulira. Zimbudzi, zomwe marmote aku Mongolia akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, zimakulitsa malo akuluakulu otuluka. Dzinalo la marmot otere ndi laling'ono. Makulu ake ndiocheperako kuposa ma baibaks kapena marmmm. Kutalika kwambiri ndi mita imodzi, pafupifupi mita 8 kudutsa. Nthawi zina mutha kupeza marmot akuluakulu - mpaka 20 mita.

M'nyengo yozizira, yopanda chipale chofewa, ma tarbagan omwe samasonkhanitsa mafuta amafa. Nyama zotsika zimafa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe chakudya chimakhala chochepa kapena nthawi yamkuntho wa chipale chofewa mu Epulo-Meyi. Choyamba, awa ndi achinyamata omwe analibe nthawi yopopera mafuta. Kutentha, ma tarbagans ndi otakataka, amakhala nthawi yayitali pamtunda, akupita kutali ndi mabowo, komwe udzu wasintha wobiriwira ndi ma 150-300 metres. Nthawi zambiri amadya pammunda, pomwe masamba amayambira kale.

M'masiku achilimwe, nyamazo zimakhala m'makola, zomwe sizimabwera kwenikweni. Amapita kukadya kukatentha. Panyengo yophukira, mbalame zakulemera kwambiri zaku Siberizi zimagona marmot, koma iwo omwe sanadye mafuta m'mizimo. Pambuyo kotentha koyamba, ma tarbagan samakonda kusiya dzenje, ndipo pokhapokha, masana. Masabata awiri chisanachitike kubisala, nyama zimayamba kukolola zinyalala m'chipinda chozizira.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Tarbagan kuchokera ku Red Book

Nyamazo zimakhala m'maderamo kumapiri, kumalumikizana wina ndi mzake ndikumayang'anira gawo moyang'ana. Kuti achite izi, amakhala pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akuyang'ana padziko lapansi. Kuti muwone bwino, ali ndi maso akulu a convex, omwe amayikidwa kumtunda kwa korona ndikupitilira mbali. Ma Tarbagans amakonda kukhala m'dera la mahekitala atatu mpaka 6, koma m'malo ovuta amakhala mu mahekitala 1.7 - 2.

Mbidzi zaku Siberiya zimagwiritsa ntchito zing'onozing'ono kwa mibadwo ingapo, ngati palibe amene akuvutitsa. M'malo am'mapiri, pomwe dothi sililola kukumba kokumbira kochuluka, nthawi zina anthu 15 amabisala m'chipinda chimodzi, koma pafupifupi nyama 3-4-5 nthawi yozizira imakola. Kulemera kwa zinyalala nthawi yachisanu kumatha kufika 7-9 makilogalamu.

Chidacho, ndipo posachedwa umuna, chimachitika m'madambo a Chimongolia mutadzuka nyengo yachisanu, chisanadze pamtunda. Mimba imatenga masiku 30-42, kuyamwa kumatha chimodzimodzi. Surchat, pakatha sabata limodzi amatha kuyamwa mkaka ndi kudya masamba. Pali zinyalala 4-5 mu zinyalala. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana ndi pafupifupi ofanana. M'chaka choyamba, 60% cha ana amafa.

Ana aamphongo mpaka zaka zitatu samasiya makolo awo kapena kufikira nthawi yomwe kukhwima kumachitika. Amembala ena a mabanja owonjezereka amathandizanso polera ana, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a thermoregulation panthawi ya kubisala. Kusamalira koteroko kumathandizira kupulumuka kwamtunduwu. Gulu la mabanja pamikhalidwe yokhazikika limakhala ndi anthu a 10-15, pamkhalidwe wovuta kuchokera ku 2-6. Pafupifupi 65% ya azimayi okhwima omwe amagonana amatenga nawo mbali kuswana. Mitundu ya marm imeneyi imakhala yoyenera kubereka mchaka chachinayi cha moyo ku Mongolia komanso chachitatu ku Transbaikalia.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ku Mongolia, osaka ana azaka zam'mbuyomu amatcha "wamba", wazaka ziwiri - "cauldron", wazaka zitatu - "sharakhazzar". Mwamuna wamkulu - "burkh", wachikazi - "tarch".

Adani achilengedwe a ma Tarbagans

Mwa okwatula, chiwombankhanga chagolide ndicowopsa kwambiri kwa marmot a ku Siberia, ngakhale sichofala ku Transbaikalia. Chiwombankhanga cha steppe chimadyera anthu odwala ndi marmoti, ndipo chimadyanso ndodo zakufa. Mbawala ya ku Central Asia imagawana chakudya chambiri ndi chiwombankhanga chopondera, chimagwira gawo lolongosoka. Ma Tarbagans amakopa nsikidzi ndi zakuba. Mwa tetrapods olusa, mimbulu imayambitsa zovuta zazikuluzikulu ku marmot, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ziweto kumatha kuchepa chifukwa chogwidwa ndi agalu osochera. Makungu amtchire ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira zitha kuwasaka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Pamene ma tarbagans akugwira ntchito, mimbulu simalimbana ndi nkhosa. Pambuyo poti azigundana, obera imvi amasinthana ndi ziweto.

Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zimadikirira mbalame zazikazi. Bwinobwino amasakidwa ndi corsac ndi kuwala feret. Ma Badger saukira marmoti a ku Mongolia ndipo makoswe sawalabadira. Koma alenje adapeza zotsalira za cholembera m'mimba ya baji, kukula kwake kungalingaliridwe kuti anali ochepa kwambiri mpaka pomwe anali asanachoke pamalopo. Zovuta kwa tarbagans zimaperekedwa ndi utitiri wokhala mu ubweya, ixodid ndi nkhupakupa zotsika, nsabwe. Pansi pa khungu, mphutsi za khungu la khungu zimatha kumera. Nyama zimadwalanso coccidia ndi nematode. Izi majeremusi amkati amabweretsa makoswe kuti atope kapena kufa.

Tarbaganov amagwiritsa ntchito anthu am'deralo chakudya. Ku Tuva ndi Buryatia, sizikhala pafupipafupi tsopano (mwina chifukwa chakuti nyamayo yakhala yosowa kwambiri), koma ku Mongolia kulikonse. Nyama ya nyama imawonedwa ngati yosangalatsa, mafuta samagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zokha, komanso pakukonzekera mankhwala. Zikopa zapamwamba sizinkayamikiridwa makamaka, koma zamakono zamakalidwe ndi kuvala zimatha kutsata ubweya wawo kuti azitsuka ubweya wamtengo wapatali.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ngati tarbagan yasokonekera, ndiye kuti sidzatulukira m'dzenjemo. Munthu akayamba kukumba, nyamayo imakumba mozama, ndikuyendayenda ndikutsalanso ndi dothi. Nyama yolandidwa imapumira ndipo imatha kuvulaza kwambiri, ikumamenya munthu womugwirira.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Zomwe zimawoneka ngati tarbagan

Chiwerengero cha anthu okhala ndi tarbagan chatsika kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi. Izi zimadziwika makamaka ku Russia.

• nyama yosawerengeka,
• kulima malo achinyamatawa ku Transbaikalia ndi Dauria,
• kufalikira kwapadera kupatula miliri (mlomo wa matenda a tarbagan).

Mu zaka 30 mpaka 40 zapitazi ku Tuva, mgombe la Tannu-Ola, panali anthu osakwana 10,000. Kumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia, kuchuluka kwawo mu 30s kunalinso nyama 10,000. Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri. panali ma tarbagans mamiliyoni angapo, ndipo pofika pakati pa zaka zana limodzi kumadera omwewo, makamaka munagawidweko, anthu sanali okwera kuposa anthu 10 pa 1 km2. Kumpoto kokha kwa siteshoni ya Kailastui kudera laling'ono kunali kachulukidwe ka magulu 30. pa 1 km2. Koma kuchuluka kwa zinyama kunali kukucheperachepera, chifukwa miyambo yosaka ndiyolimba pakati pa anthu akumaloko.

Chiyerekezo cha nyama padziko lapansi ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10. Mu 84, zaka makumi awiri. Ku Russia, panali anthu 38,000, kuphatikiza:

• ku Buryatia - 25,000,
• ku Tuva - 11000,
• ku Southeast Transbaikalia - 2000.

Tsopano kuchuluka kwa nyamayo kwatsika kambiri, kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mayendedwe a Tarbagans ochokera ku Mongolia. Kusaka nyama ku Mongolia mu 90s kunachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu pano ndi 70%, kusunthira mitunduyi "kusokoneza pang'ono" kukhala "pangozi". Malinga ndi mbiri yakale yosaka ya 1942-1960. zimadziwika kuti mu 1947 malonda osaloledwa adafika pachimake pa mayunitsi okwanira 2,5 miliyoni. Munthawi yochokera mu 1906 mpaka 1994, zikopa zopitilira 104.2 miliyoni zidakonzedwa kuti zizigulitsidwa ku Mongolia.

Chiwerengero chenicheni cha zikopa zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimapitilira kuchuluka kosaka kuposa katatu. Mu 2004, zikopa zoposa 117,000 zomwe zidalandidwa mosavomerezeka zidalandidwa. Makina osaka nyama adachitika kuyambira pomwe mitengo ya zikopa inakwera, ndipo zinthu monga misewu yosinthidwa ndi njira zamayendedwe zimapatsa mwayi osaka kosaka alenje.

Chitetezo cha Tarbagan

Chithunzi: Tarbagan kuchokera ku Red Book

Mu Red Book of Russia, nyamayo ili, monga m'ndandanda wa IUCN, m'gulu la "omwe ali pangozi" - awa ndi anthu kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia, pagulu la "kuchepa" ku Tyva, Northeast Transbaikalia. Nyamayi imatetezedwa kumalo osungira a Borgoysky ndi Orotsky, m'malo a Sokhondinsky ndi Daursky, komanso ku Buryatia ndi Trans-Baikal Territory. Kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kupanga malo okhala nyama zamtchire zapadera, komanso njira zodzikonzanso, pogwiritsa ntchito anthu ochokera m'malo otukuka.

Chitetezo chamtundu wamtunduwu chikuyenera kukumbukidwanso chifukwa moyo wa ma tarbagans umakhudza kwambiri malo. Zomera za marmoti ndizamchere kwambiri, sizichedwa kutopa. Nyama zakutchire ku Mongolia ndi mitundu yofunika kwambiri yomwe imathandizira kwambiri kuzomera zachilengedwe. Ku Mongolia, kusaka nyama kumaloledwa kuyambira pa Ogasiti 10 mpaka Okutobala 15, kutengera kusintha kwa nyama. Kusaka kunaletsedweratu mu 2005, 2006. Tarbagan ali pamndandanda wa nyama zosowa za ku Mongolia. Zimachitika m'malo otetezedwa kudera lonse (pafupifupi 6% ya mitundu).

Tarbagan nyama imeneyo, yomwe ili ndi zipilala zingapo. Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ku Krasnokamensk ndikupanga ziwerengero ziwiri mu mawonekedwe a mgodi ndi mlenje, ichi ndichizindikiro cha nyamayo, yomwe idatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ku Dauria. Chiboliboli china chakumata chinaikidwa ku Angarsk, komwe kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza kupanga zipewa kuchokera ku ubweya wa tarbagan kudakhazikitsidwa. Pali gulu lalikulu kwambiri ku Tuva pafupi ndi mudzi wa Mugur-Aksy. Zipilala ziwiri zopangira tarbagan zinamangidwa ku Mongolia: chimodzi ku Ulan Bator, ndipo enanso amapangidwa ndi misampha, kum'mawa kwa Mongolia.

Kupanga Mapu Amodzi Kukhala Abwino Pamodzi

Moni! Dzina langa ndine Lampobot, ndine pulogalamu ya pakompyuta yomwe imathandizira kupanga Mapu a Mawu. Ndikudziwa kuwerengera, koma pakali pano sindikumvetsa momwe dziko lanu limagwirira ntchito. Ndithandizireni kuzindikira!

Zikomo! Ndinayamba kudziwa bwino zakukhosi.

Funso: kutupa Kodi ndikulowerera ndale, zabwino, kapena zoipa?