Akatswiri ofufuza zam'madzi amayesa kuphunzira za dziko lapansi lodabwitsa kwambiri lomwe ngakhale kuwala kwa dzuwa sikulowamo, komwe, mosiyana ndi malingaliro omwe anali nawo kale akuti moyo wopanda kanthu, sutha kudabwitsidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana za nyama. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsachi ndi nyongolotsi yopanda mamita atatu, yomwe imakhala pansi pamadzi.
M'madzi ofunda a Pacific ndi Indian Ocean pamtunda wa 10-40 m mungathe kupeza nyongolotsi wofiirira waku Australia, imadziwikanso ndi sayansi pansi pa dzina lachi Latin loti Eunice aphroditois. Dzinalo limachokera ku verebu lachi Greek kupita ku bobbit ("kudulidwa", "kudulidwa").
Unong'onoting'ono wamtunduwu umafikira kutalika kwamamita atatu, ukadali wowonda kwambiri, makulidwe a chilengedwe m'litali lonse osapitilira masentimita 2.5.
Choyamwa chopukutira chimakhala moyo wokonda kudya kwambiri. Thupi lake lonse limabisidwa mu silika, mutu wake nthawi zina umangokhala pamwamba pomwe umafunafuna nyama. Nyongolotsi imayang'ana munthu wothandizidwa ndi chitin antennae, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito chibwano chake champhamvu kwambiri kuti chigwire. Maziko a chakudya ndi nsomba, crustaceans, cephalopods ndi zina zina zam'madzi
Momwe mphutsi zakupha zimasaka (makanema):
Pewani nyama yolusa usiku. Zowopsa kawirikawiri zimafotokozedwa pomwe nyongolotsi zinagwa mwangozi m'madzi akuluakulu ndipo kwanthawi yayitali zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziphuphuzo, osazindikiridwa. Chimodzi mwa zotchuka kwambiri ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2009 ku Britain Blue Reef Aquarium. Mlendo osamuyitanidwayo adapezeka atafa kalekale kosatha kwa rya ndi coral.
Zizindikiro zakunja za nyongolotsi ya ku Australia.
Kukula kwake kwa nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia kumachokera kutalika kwa 2-4, koma kumakhala kokulirapo mpaka mapazi 10. Pali umboni wosatsutsika wosonyeza kuti mbozi zikuluzikulu kwambiri zam'madzizi zimakhala zazitali mikono 35-50.
Chiyambire zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mtundu wa E. aphroditois wadziwika ndi asayansi ngati m'modzi mwa oyimira motalika kwambiri pakati pa mphutsi za polychaete. Amakula msanga, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumacheperako pokhapokha ngati chakudya chilipo. Zitsanzo zazitali pafupifupi mamita atatu zimapezeka m'madzi a Iberian Peninsula, Australia ndi Japan.
Mtundu wa nyongolotsi yofiirira ya ku Australia ndimtundu wakuda wonyezimira wamtundu wakuda kapena wamtundu wagolide wofiirira, ndipo umakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Monga mphutsi zina za gululi, mphete yoyera imadutsa mozungulira gawo linayi la thupi.
Nyongolotsi yofiirira ya ku Australia imayikidwa mumchenga kapena miyala, kumangotulutsa mutu wokha ndi miyala isanu ya tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tambiri. Izi zisanu, monga ma beads komanso gulu lolumikizidwa, zili ndi ma cellensitive receptor omwe amachititsa kuyandikira kwa wovutikayo.
Kubwezera kubowo lomwe lili pafupi ndi nyongolotsi kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pama liwiro opitilira 20 pa sekondi imodzi. Nyongolotsi yofiirira ya ku Australia imadziwika ndi nsagwada yotulutsa, yomwe imakhala ndi magulu awiri ambale okhala ndi mbali imodzi. Zomwe zimatchedwa "nsagwada" zimakhala ndi tanthauzo la sayansi - ma 1 ma mandibles ndi ma 4-6 awiriawiri. Ndoko mbedza yayikulu ndi gawo la maxilla. Zingwe zisanu zowongolera - zotengera zimakhala ndi zolandilira zomvera. Nyongolotsi yofiirira ya ku Australia ili ndi maso awiri m'munsi mwa anangula, koma sachita nawo gawo lalikulu pogwira chakudya. Bobbit - nyongolotsi ndi wadyera, koma ngati ili ndi njala kwambiri, imasonkhanitsa chakudya mozungulira dzenje lake.
Mitundu iyi imakhala yofanana ndi lumo ndipo ili ndi kuthekera kwapadera kudula kupanga pakati. Choyamwa chofiirira cha ku Australia choyamba chimalowetsa poizoni m'mavuto ake, ndikufewetsa mphamvu yake, kenako ndikuchigaya.
Thanzi la Worm wa Australia Wopepuka.
Nyongolotsi wofiirira waku Australia ndi chamoyo china chomwenso chimadya nsomba zazing'ono, mphutsi zina, komanso detritus, algae, ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi. Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa usiku ndipo amasaka usiku. Masana, imabisala mdzenje mwake, koma ngati ili ndi njala, iyenso idzasaka masana. Pharynx yokhala ndi zopindika zodabwitsa imatha kutuluka ngati chovala chala chala ndi zala, imakhala ndi ma mandibles akuthwa. Nyamayo ikagwidwa, nyongolayo waku Australia amabisala m dzenje ndikugaya chakudya.
[Sinthani] Zambiri
Nyongolotsi yonyansa imeneyi imatha kutalika mamita atatu (ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 2,5 cm). Mwachitsanzo, fanizo lomwe akatswiri ofufuza apeza ku Japan anali lalitali masentimita 299, kulemera kwa 433 g ndipo anali ndimagawo 673.
Nyongoyi imakhala m'madzi otentha a Indian ndi Pacific Oceans ochokera ku East Africa kupita ku Indonesia, Philippines ngakhale Japan.
Imakhala pansi, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa 6 mpaka 40 m, makamaka m'malo otsetsereka a coral ndi miyala yopanda miyala.
Mtundu wa nyamayi umasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuyambira mtundu wakuda mpaka wofiira wagolide kapena wofiirira.
Kuzungulira kwa moyo ndi kubereka (kutulutsa) Eunice aphroditois sikuti sanaphunzire. Nyongolotsi zimakula msanga.
[Sinthani] Moyo
Amakhala ndi moyo wokonda zadama. Nyongolotsiyo imakhala mu "mumink" mu silt, pamwamba pomwe mutu wake umatuluka ndi nsagwada yamphamvu. Nyamayi imagwira nsomba zazikulu, ma cephalopods, crustaceans ndi nyama zina zam'madzi zomwe zikudutsa. Panthawi yosaka Eunice aphroditois imatha kutuluka mumchenga ndi 20-30 cm E. aphroditois amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za chitin antennae (antennas), zamphamvu zamtundu wa chitin kuti zigwire ndikudula minofu ya wozunzidwa. Nyamayi imadyera nyama yake pamalo osungirako. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, amatha kudya popanda chaka chimodzi.
Ndikusaka E. aphroditois usiku, masana, amabisala ndikupumula.
Ndi chakudya chochuluka chotani chomwe hamster angachotse kumbuyo kwa masaya ake: kanema
Woyimira wodabwitsa wa banja la hamster amakhala kumpoto kwa Syria komanso kumwera kwa Turkey: Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Rodent amatanthauza mitundu ya nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. M'malo ake, kupezeka kwa chakudya sikungatsimikizidwe, chifukwa chake, monga hamsters ena, adaphunzira kuziyika bwino.
Pafupifupi, ma hamsters aku Syria amakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu, ndipo nthawi imeneyi amanyamula chakudya chokwanira. Kupanga nyumba yosungiramo zibowo zawo, amaonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho sichikuwonongeka, ndikuchikonza. Adani achilengedwe a hamster ndi kadzidzi ndi nyama zina zomwe zimadyera pomwe zimabisala m'ming'alu. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray, asayansi adasanthula momwe nyamayo imayendera pazinthu zake ndi momwe imanyamula "chuma" chake chambiri.
Zinapezeka kuti makoswewo ndi osinthika modabwitsa: imatha kupindika madigiri a 180 ndikuyika kwathunthu mumphangayo. Modabwitsa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe adaganiza kutenga naye. Pamaso pa hamster adayika mbale pomwe adayikamo zipatso ndi mtedza - pafupifupi 20 yonse. Hamster nthawi yomweyo adayamba kumata m'masaya mwake ndi chakudya, osayima mpaka atakankha chilichonse chokha. Amadziwika kuti khungu la ndodo limatambasuka, kukulolani kuti mukhale ndi malo osungira osati masaya okha, komanso dera lamapewa.
Gawo limodzi lokha chipatso silinakwanitse, koma hamster sankafuna kuti ichoke ndipo ananyamula m'mano. Chifukwa cha izi, kusunthira paipi yopapatiza kunakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe anakonzera, koma mulimonsemo, nyamayo idatha kuchotsa chakudya chonse chomwe chinali chofunikira pamtunda wotetezedwa panthawi. Tsopano, kutali ndi adani, iye amatha kusintha m'matangadza pang'onopang'ono.
Kufalikira kwa nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia.
Nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha a dera la Indo-Pacific. Imapezeka ku Indonesia, Australia, pafupi ndi zilumba za Fiji, Bali, New Guinea ndi Philippines.
Kodi nyongolotsi idapeza bwanji dzina lachilendo lotere?
Dzinali "Bobbit" lidakakamizidwa ndi Dr. Terry Gosliner mu 1996, kutanthauza mlandu womwe unachitika m'banja la a Bobbit. Mkazi wa Lorena Bobbit adamangidwa mu 1993 chifukwa chodula gawo la mbolo yake kwa mwamuna wake John. Koma bwanji "Bobbit"? Mwina chifukwa chibwano cha nsagwada chimafanana, kapena kuti gawo lake lakunja limafanana ndi “mbolo yomata,” kutanthauza momwe nyongolotsiyi imadzibisalira mumnyanja ndikuwonetsa malo ochepa a thupi posaka. Mafotokozedwe achimodzimodzi a komwe dzinali lilibe umboni wamphamvu. Komanso, pomwepo Lorena Bobbitt adagwiritsa ntchito mpeni ngati chida, osati lumo konse.
Palinso mtundu wina womwe umapangitsa kuti ukadzichotsere, mkazi amadula chiwalo chake ndikudya. Koma nyongolotsi zapanyanja zaku Australia zilibe ziwalo zokomera. Pakadali pano, zilibe kanthu momwe E. aphroditois adatengera dzina lake; nyamayi idayikidwa mu genus Eunice. Mofananamo, tanthauzo la "Bobbit nyongolotsi" lidatsalira, lomwe limafalikira ngati moto wamoto pakati pa anthu, ndikupangitsa mantha komanso mantha pakati pa anthu osazindikira.
Nyongolotsi wofiirira waku Australia mu aquarium.
Njira yodziwika bwino yomwe nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia zitha kuyidutsamo m'madzi ndizoti zizisungidwa pamalo oyika miyala kuchokera kumiyala kapena m'malire a coral ochokera ku dera la Indo-Pacific. Mphutsi zingapo zofiirira zaku Australia zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi oyenda pansi panyanja padziko lonse lapansi, komanso m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi mwa anthu ena okonda moyo wapamadzi. Kuthekera kwa kubereka ana mu mphutsi za Bobbit ndikotsika kwambiri. Izi mphutsi zikuluzikulu sizingatheke kubereka mu pulogalamu yotsekeka.
Kufalikira kwa nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia.
Zochepa ndizodziwika pakubala komanso kutalika kwa nyongolotsi yofiirira ya Australia, koma ofufuza amati kubereka kumayamba kumayambiriro, pomwe munthu ali wamtali wa 100 mm, pomwe nyongayo imatha kukula mpaka mamita atatu. Ngakhale mu mafotokozedwe ambiri akuwonetsa kutalika kotsika kwambiri - mita imodzi ndi awiri a 25 mm. Nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia nthawi yobereka zimataya timadzi tokhala ndi majeremusi mumadzi am'madzi. Mazira amakumana ndi umuna ndikukula. Nyongolotsi zazing'ono zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe sizimva chisamaliro cha makolo, kudyetsa ndi kukula zokha.
Zomwe zimachitika pa nyongolotsi ya utoto waku Australia.
Nyongolotsi yofiirira ya ku Australia ndi nyama yomwe imabisala pansi yomwe imabisala pansi pamadzi mu dzenje, yopanga dothi, miyala kapena miyala yamakhola, komwe imadikirira nyama yabwino. Nyama yokhala ndi mfuti zakuthwa imagwirira pamlingo woti thupi la wozunzidwayo nthawi zina limangodula. Nthawi zina nyama yomwe siilimbitsa thupi imaposa kukula kwa nyongolayo kangapo. Nyama ya Bobbit imayankha mwangwiro pakuwala. Amavomereza kutengera kwa mdani aliyense, komabe, ndibwino kukhala kutali ndi iye. Osamakhudza ndikutulutsa mu dzenje, nsagwada zamphamvu zimatha kupweteka. Nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia zimatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Nyongolotsi zofiirira zaku Australia ndizimphona pakati pa mphutsi za m'madzi.
Ku Japan, chifanizo cha utoto wofiirira wamamita atatu wapezeka papaki yam'madzi ku Kushimoto, yomwe imabisala pansi pa thitilo. Sizikudziwika kuti atakhala liti, koma kwa zaka 13 ankadyetsa nsomba padoko. Sizikudziwikanso kuti, nthawi yayitali kapena yayitali bwanji, chithunzichi chafika pamalowo. Kutalika kwa nyongolotsi ndi 299 cm, kulemera kwa 433 g, thupi lake limakhala ndimagawo 673, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa anthu akuluakulu kwambiri a E. aphroditois omwe adapezeka.
Mchaka chomwecho, nyongolotsi yautali ya ku Australia yapezeka mu umodzi mwa akasitomu a Blue Reef reef aquarium ku UK. Chimphona ichi chinadzetsa zipolowe pakati pa anthu am'derali, ndipo anawononga fanizo lokongola. Ma akasinja onse okhala m'madzi amayeretsedwa matanthwe, miyala ndi zomerazo. Nyongolotsi iyi ndiyomwe idayimilira mu aquarium. Mwachidziwikire, adaponyedwa mu thanki, adabisala mumtunda wa coral ndipo pang'onopang'ono adakula kukula kwakukulu m'zaka zochepa. Nyongolotsi wofiirira waku Australia amabisa chinthu chakupha chomwe chitha kupangitsa kuti munthu azikomoka m'misempha ya munthu akakumana nacho.
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