Kalamoikht Kalabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) * Nsomba

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Calamoicht Calabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus / Calamoichthys calabaricus) Smith, 1865

Erpetoichthys: Greek, erpeton = njoka + Greek, ichthys = nsomba, calabaricus: Wotchedwa dera lakutali komwe nsomba zidapezeka: Old Calabar.

Kalamoikht Kalabar, yemwe amatchedwanso kuti Snake -fish, ndiamodzi mwamalamulo osadziwika bwino komanso akale kwambiri. Zinaonekera padzikoli zaka zopitilira 40 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo zitadutsa masinthidwe ambiri, zimangosunga ziwalo zawo zokha.

Habitat: Africa - amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono yoyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso matupi amadzi oyenda. Amagawidwa mokwanira ku West Africa, agwidwa ku Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Benin. Monga lamulo, limakhala m'madzi osaya, m'madzi okhala ndi mvula yamkuntho.

Kufotokozera: Thupi la Kalamoicht ndi njoka komanso yokutidwa ndi miyeso yolimba. Zipsepse zamkati mulibe. Pa nkhope yowoneka ndi maso akuda ndi tinyanga, ikugwira ntchito yokhudza kukhudza.

Mtundu wa thupi pamwamba ndi wonona kapena wonyezimira wonyezimira, womwe umayenda mozungulira utoto wamkaka. Malo akulu akuda amapezeka kumapeto kwa zipsepse zamawonekedwe otenthera.

Kusiyana pakati pa kugonana sikuwonekera. Zachikazi ndizokwera pang'ono ndipo zimasiyana pamzere wam'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mthunzi wa anal fin: mwa amuna ndiwopanga mawonekedwe, amakula komanso amdima, mwa akazi ndi ochepa komanso amakono. Kusiyana kwachiwiri kwa kusiyana: maumbidwe a dorsal aamuna amakhala ndi mawayilesi khumi ndi awiri mpaka khumi ndi anayi mwa akazi kuyambira zisanu ndi zinayi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri - njira iyi yodzipatula motengera kugonana si 100% yodalirika.

Mbali yapadera ya Kalamoicht ndi kukhalapo kwa osati magilitsi okha, komanso mapapu, chifukwa chake nsomba imatha kukhala yopanda madzi ndikufa kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka maola eyiti ngati khungu lake lanyowa).

Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa Snake Fish kuli mpaka 90cm (osatsimikizika), mainchesi ndi pafupifupi 1.5-2 cm.Pamtunda, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono - kukula kwakukulu kwambiri mu aquarium ndi 37 cm.

The mwachangu ali ndi mapiritsi akunja ndipo amafanana ndi mphutsi za Salamander.

Magawo ndi makonzedwe a malo am'madzi: Kuti mukhale ndi Kalamoicht, mudzafunika malo okumbika pansi okhala ndi malo akulu pansi osachepera 100 malita. Komabe, nsomba zimamasuka bwino pamodzi ndi abale awo, palibe nkhongono yapadera, ndipo kwa gulu la anthu 3-5, chidebe cha malita 250 kapena kuposerapo chidzafunika. Kupezeka kwa chivindikiro chotsekedwa mwamphamvu kapena chivundikiro ndikofunikira, Kalamoikhty ali ndi luso lotha kungodumphira m'madzi, komanso kulowa mu dzenje laling'ono kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu zam'madzi mu aquarium zomwe zimapangika m'nkhalangozi m'magawo ake osiyana, ndikuyika zodzikongoletsera mu dziwe: driftwood, grottoes, miyala. Pokhala ndi mwayi wothawirako, nsomba zimasinthana mwachangu ndi chilengedwe chatsopano ndipo mtsogolomo zimakhala mwamtendere momasuka. Dothi ndibwino kuti muzisankha zotayirira komanso zofewa.

Magawo Amadzi: 23-30 ° C, pH osiyanasiyana: 6.0 - 8.0, dH osiyanasiyana: 5 - 19.

Kulimbirana bwino ndikofunikira, komanso kusintha kwa sabata kwamadzi 20-30%. Koma mutha kuchita popanda aerator. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka ziwalo zamkati komanso kupezeka kwa mapapu, Kalamoikhta amatha kupuma mpweya ngati kuli koyenera, motero amatha kupirira ndi kuperewera kwa mpweya. Nsomba zimatha kumira ngati ilibe mpweya.

Njoka Yanjoka (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) Ngakhale ndiwambiri ndipo ngakhale akuwoneka bwanji, ndi nsomba zamtendere ndipo sakonda kusamvana, chifukwa chake sibwino kuti azisunga ndi nsomba zoyenda kwambiri komanso zogwira ntchito, Kalamoikht sangateteze ufulu wake wazakudya ndikuwonetsa kuwukira kwa anansi ankhanza.

Amakhala bwino ndi mitundu ina ya ma cichlids aku America, nsomba zamkati zankhondo, gourami, Sumatran barbs, macropods, atherins. Koma mitundu yaying'ono ngati neon kapena guppies ndi Kalamoihts ndibwino kuti ikhale. Omaliza sawasiyanitsa ndi chakudya.

Chakudya: kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku - zakudya zamasiku ano ndi zokuzira zimakonda. Amakhala ndi kufooka kwina kwa ma nseru amwazi. Ndi zosangalatsa idyani zidutswa za nsomba, nyama, nyamayi, mtima wa ng'ombe, shirimpu, nyongolotsi, crustaceans. Zakudya zowuma ndizosagwirizana. Nthawi zina, kuti musiyanitse zakudya, mutha kupatsa nsomba ndi sipinachi.

Mukasungidwa ndi oimira mitundu ina, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti Kalamoicht alandire gawo lake la chakudya.

Ngati anthu ambiri akudya m'madzimo amadya izi, ndizosavuta kuthana ndi vutoli: chakudya chimayikidwa mu chubu chotalika mpaka 3 cm, chomwe chimayikidwa pansi. Chifukwa chake, chakudya sichingafikirane ndi nsomba zina, ndipo Kalamoikht akazipeza chifukwa chanunkhira ndikupeza popanda zovuta.

Chifukwa cha kusawona bwino, Kalamoicht amadalira kununkhira kwake kwabwino kwa chakudya.

Ntchito: pali milandu yodziwika bwino yokhudza kubereka Kalamoihts mu malo am'madzi, ndipo zomwe okonda amafunikira kuti zitheke bwino sizidziwika. Chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri komanso kufunikira kwa jakisoni wa mahomoni, kulima nsomba kwamtunda sikuchitika. Zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndizolusa ndipo zimachokera kumalo achilengedwe.

Mukamapanga zabwino Kalamoikht Kalabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) mutha kukhala mgulu lanyumba kwa zaka 10.

Yesani kusunga nsomba ziwiri.

Powonjezera mchere wam'nyanja pang'ono kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa nsomba izi.

Nsomba zongopezedwa kumene ziyenera kudyetsedwa mukazimitsa magetsi.

Photosession Kalamoicht Kalabar kapena Snake Fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus)

Zakudya

Mu chilengedwe mu chakudya Kalamoikhtov nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana, crustaceans ndi tizilombo amabwera.
Mu aquarium, masoka achilengedwe kudya mwakufuna kozizira okhala ndi mitundu yazakudya zachilengedwe (chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ma cell owoneka ndi magazi). M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza nyansi ndi ma tadpoles mu zakudya zawo. Palibe chakudya chachilengedwe masoka achilengedwe Osataya tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono, shrimp kapena ng'ombe.
Sakhala ndi chidwi ndi zakudya zouma, samakonda kuzidya ndipo akakhala ndi njala kwambiri.
Mu aquarium Kalamoikhtov sayenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi, kwa achinyamata mulingo woyenera wodyetsa kwambiri ndi 5 pa sabata, ndipo kwa achikulire ndikokwanira kawiri.

Inayamba mu aquarium yatsopano masoka achilengedwe musachedwe kuidziwa bwino ngakhale muli nawo oyandikana nawo kwambiri, mayendedwe awo ndi pulasitiki komanso abwino.

Kalamoikhty Amasinthana mwachangu ndi zinthu zatsopano ngati malo okhala okumbika kapena achilengedwe amapezeka mu malo am'madzi, mu mawonekedwe amiyala yayikulu yam'madzi am'madzi, zidutswa za mapala ndi miyala.
Zimagwirizana moyenera mu aquarium yokhala ndi chipinda chovuta, osayesa kulowerera.

Amakhala ndi phindu pamasamba a ma amondi am'nyanja, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati zokongoletsera komanso zowongolera madzi.

Aquarium ndi masoka achilengedwe ayenera kutseka mwamphamvu, popeza kutuluka mu mseru uliwonse kwa nsomba si ntchito yayikulu.

Kupambana Zinthu Kalamoikhtov chagona pakukhazikika kwa zizindikiro za hydrochemical. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wokhala m'ndende uli motere: kutentha 22-28 ° C, asidi pH 6.2-7.5, kuuma kwathunthu 2-18 dGH.

Mukamasintha gawo lamadzi sabata iliyonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zamagetsi zina zomwe zimayimiridwa kwambiri pagawo logawa.

Mu vivo masoka achilengedwe khalani ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Chifukwa chake, mu aquarium amakhala otakataka kwambiri madzulo.

Kalamoihts sakhala malo, chifukwa chake, amatha kuyanjana mosavuta mu aquarium

Kalamoikhtov ikhoza kusungidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kukula kwa oyandikana nawo sikuloleza kumizidwa. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti uzisunga ndi mitundu yocheperako, chifukwa yotsalayo imadziwika masoka achilengedwe monga chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ngati neon imakodwa kuti isungire nsomba mumadzi am'madzi, ndiye kuti mu kanthawi kochepa adzaziwonongeratu.

Oyandikana nawo abwino amatha kuonedwa ngati ma cyprinid, ma cichlids, amphaka amtambo osiyanasiyana. Kalamoikhty osati malo, chifukwa mu aquarium onse amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapezana bwino.

Moyo Kalamoikhtov osati kungopeza chakudya. Atakhutira, amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake mosangalala.

Mpaka posachedwa, zidakhulupirira kuti masoka achilengedwe ali opendekera komanso amalozeka m'malo chifukwa cha fungo labwino komanso kukhudza. M'malo mwake izi sizowona. Kuti mukhulupirire izi, ndikokwanira kuyang'anitsitsa nsomba, ndipo pakapita kanthawi zidzaonekeratu kuti amawona bwino lomwe zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira, kuphatikiza wazam'madzi, akakhala pafupi, amathandizidwa ndikuyembekeza chakudya.

Kalamoikhty salabadira bwino mankhwala ozikidwa utoto wokhala ndi manyani amchere. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamawachitira.

Utali wamoyo Kalamoikhtov mu aquarium kwa zaka pafupifupi 10.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Kusiyana kwa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu Kalamoikhtov pafupifupi wosaoneka. Akazi ndi odzala pang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi mzere wam'mimba kwambiri.

Chizindikiro chachikulu chakusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa anal fin. Amuna, ndiochulukirapo ndipo amakula.

Ngati anal ad kalamoikhta ali ndi mawonekedwe a fan ndipo amalekanitsidwa bwino ndi ndalama za caudal - pamaso panu ndi wamwamuna. Mwa chachikazi, anal anal amafanana ndi kansalu kakang'ono ndipo pafupifupi amakaphatikizika ndi caudal. Kuphatikiza apo, abambo amakhala ndi anal fin yakuda kwambiri.

Pali chizindikiro china chakugonana - kuchuluka kwa mitundu yoyipa ya ma dorsal fin. Chifukwa chake mwa abambo alipo kuyambira 12 mpaka 14, mwa akazi kuyambira 9 mpaka 12. Zikuwonekeratu kuti manambala onse amtunduwu omwe amakhala ocheperako komanso ochepa amatha kudutsana, chifukwa chake chizindikiro ichi sichingafanane ndi 100% chodalirika.

Zojambula zakunja

Nsomba zakunja zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe odekha, osuntha komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Wina akhoza kuchita mantha ndi kufanana kwa kalamoicht ndi njoka, koma mawonekedwe abwino adawapangitsa kukhala okonda okhala m'midzi yakunyumba.

Kalamoicht ali m'gulu la nyama zowetedwa ndi ray, monga mitundu yambiri ya nsomba yomwe ikudziwika masiku ano

Zina kusiyanitsa ndi nthenga za ray-zi ndi izi:

thupi la njoka, lotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40 (m'chilengedwe limakula mpaka 90 cm),
Mamba ooneka ngati diamondi (cosmoid-ganoid),
mutu wopindika
kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zazing'onoting'ono pakapukutira, kugwira ntchito ya ziwalo zowonjezera.
kusowa kwa zipsepu zamkati,
zipsepse zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala kumbuyo kwa mutu komanso kumeta.
Makala a azitona, achikasu, a bulauni,
maso ang'ono
finors ya dorsal, yogawika m'mizere (mkazi akhoza kukhala ndi 9 mpaka 12, wamwamuna - kuchokera 12 mpaka 14),
spikes (kuyambira 5 mpaka 18 zidutswa) ili pafupi ndi caudal fin.

Nsomba za Kalamoicht zimatha kununkhiza bwino, koma sizingathe kudzitamandira ndi masomphenya abwino, chifukwa chake, kusuntha kuzungulira nyanja yamadzi, njoka yomwe ili pansi pamadzi imadalira kwambiri kukhudza.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa anthu omwe akumana ndi mavuto a Calabar

Chidwi kalamoyhtamzinthu zomwe azisamalira m'madzi zikukula chaka ndi chaka. Ngakhale kutchuka kwakuchulukirapo, ochepa okha ndiwo adawabereka muukapolo.

Kutha mu Kalamoikhtov amabwera zaka zitatu. Kulera mu aquarium osagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa mahomoni ndizovuta kwambiri, koma ndizotheka. Zambiri mwa milandu zoterezi zalengezedwa mwalamulo.

Anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amagwirizana ndipo nthawi zambiri amagona pansi atazungulirana.

Opanga akakhala okonzeka kutuluka, amapindika mozungulira mozungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tomwe timakhala tikufanana. Nthawi ndi nthawi, posinthika mwanzeru, amasambira kudutsa mbewu. Nthawi inayake, yamphongo imayandikira wamkazi, pafupifupi ndikumukhudza, imayamba kupukusa mutu wake. Poyankha, njirayo imayima m'nkhalango za mbewu, potero imamveketsa mwamunayo za kukonzeka kwake. Wamphongo amasunthira kumutu kwa mkazi mpaka zipsepse zake zimakhazikika, kenako ndikumugwirira. Zoterezi, opanga amaundana kwa nthawi yochepa. Pomwe mkazi amawerengera mazira mumbale omwe amapangidwa ndi anal fin yaimuna, pomwe umuna umachitika. Kenako yamphongo ndi mayendedwe othamanga a caudal imabalalitsa mazira okhathamira mkati mwa zomerazo.

Awiri a akuCalabar masoka mu aquarium

Adhesive, ozungulira mawonekedwe, mazira okhala ndi mainchesi a 2.1-2.6 mm amapangidwira kumtunda. Pambuyo pake njirayi imabwerezedwa mpaka mazira onse atayikidwa.

Mphutsi kalamoikhta kuwaswa tsiku lachitatu ndikukhalabe pamtengowo. Ali ndi khungu lakuda, pafupi lakuda, ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi lalifupi kuti athe kuwona nsomba zam'tsogolo mwa njoka. Monga mphutsi za amphibians ena, ali ndi timitengo tambiri tomwe tili kunja. Pakatha masiku atatu, thupi lawo limakhala lalitali. Patsiku la 13, mchenga wa yolk umachepetsedwa kukula kwake ndipo maso amayamba kupanga.
Patsiku la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, yolk sac imazimiririka ndipo mphutsi khumi mamilimita zimayamba kusambira ndikudya za artemia nauplii. Malingaliro oyamba a caudal fin amayamba kusiyana pambuyo poti mwachangu afika 13 mm kutalika. Mphepete mwa ma dorsal fin amawonekera pambuyo pake, ndi mwachangu kutalika kwa 20 mm. Mtundu wa mwachangu ngati eel umakhalabe wakuda. Ma ntchentche oyambilira amaoneka ngati mchira. Izi zimachitika pamene kukula kwa mwachangu kuli 30 mm; nthawi yomweyo, machubu amphuno amapangidwa. Mwachidziwikire, amadziwika ndi kutalika kwa ana pafupi ndi 40 mm. Mwana wa miyezi isanu Kalamoikhtov kufikira 60mm.

Lero calomo yacht nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamtengo. Popeza mwasankha nsomba zosangalatsa izi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe awo ndi machitidwe awo musanagule.
Mukamaitanitsa ma aquabionts mumapaketi onyamula, mpweya nthawi zambiri umapopera. Otsatsa sikuti nthawi zonse amaganizira kuti masoka achilengedwe Pakupuma, imagwira mpweya wamlengalenga, pomwe mpweya umatha kuwotcha ziwalo zamkati ndi matumbo, zomwe mtsogolomo zingayambitse kufa kwa nsomba.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Mukasungidwa mu malo osungirako nyama, kusaka kwa tsoka sikufuna malo osayakanika kwa eni ake. Kuthekera kosamalika ndi kulima ndi imodzi mwamaubwino amasodzi a nsomba.

Awa ndi anthu wamba okhala m'madzimo omwe amakonda kubisala mwala ndi miyala.

Kutentha kwamadzi, kosiyanasiyana malinga ndi masentimita 22-29 ° С.
Mlingo wa pH ndi kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 8.
Kuuma kwamadzi kuyambira 5 mpaka 15.
Zosefera bwino, chifukwa nsomba zonga njoka sizitha kulekerera madzi akuda.
Kukhalapo kwa kuwunikira kulikonse, monga kalamoicht amakonda kuyika mumagetsi opanga magetsi.

Kalamoikht amafunika madzi oyera, okhala ndi okosijeni, kuwala pang'ono, komanso malo osungira nyanja

Payokha, ndiyofunikira kusamalira aeration, kukhalapo kwake komwe kungakhale kosankha, bola nsomba zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala mu aquarium kapena okhala m'madzi am'madzi a labyrinthine ndi omwe amakhala moyandikana nawo. Ngati oyandikana nawo akuimiridwa ndi nsomba zina, ndiye kuti angafunike kukathandizidwa, chifukwa njoka ya nsomba imatha kumeza mpweya payekha, nthawi zina ikuyandama pamadzi.

Chofunikira china pakuwongolera Kalabar Kalamoichta ndi malo omata otsekedwa mwamphamvu.

Ngakhale amakhala wodekha, nthumwi zoyimira nthenga za rayzi zimakonda kuwombera, ngati mungochoka pang'ono, ndiye kuti njoka ya ku aquarium imangothawa ndikufa, chifukwa singathe kukhala popanda madzi nthawi yayitali.

Kugwirizana

Njoka ya nsomba ya Aquarium, ngakhale kuti imakhala nyama yolusa, imakhala bwino ndi nsomba zapakatikati kapena zazikulu. Oyenera:

Synodontis nsomba
Ma Cichlids (mwachitsanzo. Scalars),
Chotengera chachikulu cha chingwe cha gourami,
Severum
Chachikulu harazinci.

Koma Kalamoikht amawona tinsomba ting'onoting'ono ngati nyama, choncho akumakhala bwino ndikuyamba kusaka nsomba:

Neon
Barbusov
Danio
Shirimpi
Guppy
Mollinsia
Malupanga
Ma tetras ang'ono
Rassborov,
Kankhono kakang'ono
Nkhono
Akuluakulu amphibians.

Komanso kalamoikht imatha kuukira nsomba za kukula kwake, zomwe zimatsogolera pomenyera chakudya komanso gawo. Ndikwabwino kuti wamwamuna m'modzi yekha alipo. Ngakhale izi, titha kunena kuti mu aquariums kalamoikht amatha kuyenderana.

Kudyetsa Kupha Kwachinyengo Yacht

Nsomba za njoka ndi nthumwi zooneka bwino za nyama zodya nkhwawa. Pakamwa pa kalamoicht pamadzaza mano osalala, ndipo chida cha pakamwa sichokha sichinapangidwire chakudya chochepa, motero zakudya za nsombayi ziyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chachikulu.

Chakudya chabwino cha ntchentche ngati nthenga cha ray ndi:

chimfine chachikulu,
nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi,
squid kapena shrimp,
nsomba zosankhidwa kapena chidutswa cha nkhuku.

Kalamoicht amathanso kudya nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chouma chapadera monga mapiritsi, pokhapokha akapatsidwa nsomba nthawi zonse. Ngati nsomba ya nsomba ikukhala m'madzimo ndi oyimira ena muufumu wamadzi, ndiye muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti munthu wooneka bwino wa Kalabu atenga chakudya.

Nyama yolusa imatha kudya tizilombo tambiri ndi nyongolotsi, komanso chakudya chapadera

Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba imakhala ndi fungo lakuthwa, kotero mukasaka chakudya, imatsogozedwa ndi izi ndipo mwina singazindikire ngakhale mphutsi yayikulu mpaka ikakhumudwa nayo. Kuti mupewe chiweto chowoneka bwino kuti chisafe ndi njala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera chodyetsa nsomba zapansi. Fry ya calamoichta iyenera kudyetsedwa kangapo pa sabata, ndipo akuluakulu - kawiri kapena katatu. Izi ndichifukwa chazakudya chambiri.

Kudyetsa ndi kudya

Popeza cha kalamoykht kwa adani, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, mphutsi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba kapena chidutswa cha nkhuku, chomwe chimasankhidwa kuti chikhale cha pakamwa pa nsomba, chimadyedwanso mosavuta. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti achichepere ndi nsomba zowoneka bwino. Ndi bwino kumudyetsa mphindi 10 mpaka 15 mutadyetsa zolengedwa zazikulu zokhala m'madzi. Gome lolumikizana limatha kusiya Kalamaicht wakhungu popanda chakudya chamadzulo. Achinyamata amafunika kudyetsedwa maulendo 5-6 pa sabata. Wachikulire katatu. Asodzi a njoka amagaya chakudya kwanthawi yayitali.

Kudyetsa nsomba za aquarium kuyenera kukhala kolondola: yoyenera, yosiyanasiyana. Lamulo lofunikira ili ndiro chinsinsi chakusamalira bwino kwa nsomba iliyonse, kaya ikhale guppies kapena astronotuses. Nkhani "Zambiri komanso zochuluka bwanji zodyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium" imakamba izi mwatsatanetsatane, imafotokoza mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya komanso kayendedwe ka nsomba.

Munkhaniyi, tawona chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kudyetsa nsomba sikuyenera kukhala koopsa, chakudya chouma komanso chamoyo sichiyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za zokonda za nsomba inayake, kutengera izi, zikuphatikiza muzakudya zake zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri kapena mosinthanitsa ndi masamba osakaniza.

Zakudya zotchuka komanso zotchuka za nsomba, kumene, ndizakudya zowuma. Mwachitsanzo, ora lirilonse ndi kulikonse komwe mungapeze msipu pamasheleti amadzimadzi - mtsogoleri wamsika waku Russia, kunena kuti, zowonjezera zamtunduwu wa Tetra zimaphatikizidwa ngati chakudya cha mtundu wina wa nsomba: kwa nsomba za golide, ma cichlids, ma loricarias, guppies, labyrinths, arovans, discus, ndi zina zambiri. .d. Tetra adapanganso zakudya zapadera, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera utoto, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena kudyetsa mwachangu. Zambiri pazakudya zonse za Tetra, mutha kupeza patsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo - Pano.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mukagula zakudya zouma zilizonse, muyenera kuganizira tsiku lomwe zimapangidwira komanso moyo wa alumali, musayese kugula zakudya mwakulemera, komanso sungani chakudya pamalo otsekedwa - izi zingathandize kupewa kukula kwa zomera zam'mozo.

Amakhala zachilengedwe ku Nigeria ndi Southeast Asia. Monga ndalongosolera kale pamwambapa, ma kalamoahts amakhala kumtsinje wa mitsinje, komwe kulibe madzi apompopompopompo. Ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera bwino. Ngati kalamoahts ikhoza kukhala m'madzi opanda brack, ndiye kuti 10% yamchere wamadzi amadzimadzi amachititsa kuti nsomba zizisowa, zomwe zimachoka nthawi yayitali.

Onani mafotokozedwe

Nthawi yomweyo kudziwa kuti chiweto si cha aliyense. Sichokayikitsa kuti ingasangalatse anthu omwe amatsata zamitundu yodziwika ngati nsomba, otetezeka komanso aphid omwe ali ndi vuto la ophidiophobia. Koma kwa anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri zosowa komanso okonda kudabwitsidwa, kalamoiht idzakhala kupeza kwakukulu!

Mwa anthu wamba, Kalamoach Kalabar (Calamoichthys calabaricus) amadziwika ngati nsomba ya njoka. Ndipo kwenikweni, chikuwoneka chofanana kwambiri ndi chokwawa: thupi losinthika lalitali lophimbidwa ndi masikelo, mutu wopyapyala, mutu wosalala komanso kamwa yayikulu ndi mano.

Pazofananira kwathunthu, lilime lokhazikika limasowa, koma sichoncho. M'malo mwake, pali tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timene timagwira ngati chogwirizira.

Mtundu ukhoza kukhala chilichonse kuchokera ku chikasu chofiirira komanso chobiriwira mpaka pabuka kapena kuwaza. Kumaso kutsogolo kwa mchira kuli mitsitsi 8-15.

Zosamalidwa komanso zofunika

- amakonda madzi oyera, kotero kupezeka kwa kusefera ndikofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, aeration ndiosankha, chifukwa nsomba zamtunduwu zimapumira m'mlengalenga.

- aquarium iyenera kutseka mwamphamvu! Zopangira machubu ndi mawaya, ngati alipo, ndizolumikizidwa bwino ndi siponji. Ngati musintha madzi, yeretsani madzi a m'madzi, ndi zina zambiri. ndipo muyenera kuchoka ku aquarium kwakanthawi, mwina kusiya woyang'anira pamalo anu, kapena kutseka mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro. Kalamoikht m'masekondi ochepa amatha kupita kuthengo, koma kwa nthawi yayitali sangathe kukhalapo popanda madzi.

- osati mopepuka pankhani ya kuyatsa, itha kukhala chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zimakonda kutuluka pa fayilo ndi baski pansi pa babu. Pafupifupi, uyu ndi tulo wokhalamo, nsonga ya zochitika zimawonedwa ndi kudzipereka koperewera.

- m'malo awo okhala zachilengedwe, ma kalamoahts amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono yam'madzi kapena m'madziwe amadziwe amadzi, momwe mumapezeka udzu wobiriwira wamadzi osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pamenepa zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kupezeka kwa mbewu mu aquarium ndikofunikira, ndi komwe mungabisike. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi zokongoletsa pogona (mapoto, amphorae, zipolopolo, ndi zina). Monga lamulo, kalamoahts sakhala nsomba zobisalira, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi galasi, kuyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri ... koma amakhala nthawi yayitali, modekha komanso mosangalala, akungodziwa kuti mwina ali ndi vuto akabisala.

Zakudya za nsomba

Kudyetsa kalamoikht sikubweretsa mavuto. Nsomba zathanzi zimadya mosiyanasiyana zakudya zachilengedwe (ngakhale mawonekedwe owundana). Amakonda makamaka ma nyongolotsi amwazi. M'nyengo yotentha, ma tadpoles ndi ma finya amatha kubwera mu chakudya. Kalamoicht musataye tizinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala squid ndi shrimp. Nsomba zimakonda kukhala zopanda chidwi ndi chakudya chouma, zimawadya kwambiri.
Nsomba zanjoka zimakhala nzamtendere m'matanthwe; sizimakhumudwitsa oyandikana nawo. Zitsanzo zazikulu za kalamoikht sizitha kumeza. Amakhala bwino ndi nsomba iliyonse, koma amatha kutenga mwayi, makamaka wovutitsa ndi neon, chakudya.

Kufotokozera Kalamoikhta

Thupi limakhala lalitali, njoka. Mutu, ngati njoka, umakhala utatu. Zipsepse zamakutu zimapezeka pafupi ndi mutu, zimakhala ndi lalanje kapena mtundu wachikasu, ndipo kachidutswa kakuda pakati. Pa nkhope pali mizere iwiri yaing'ono yamachubu. Zipsepse zamkati mulibe. Amakhala ndi wobiriwira wotuwa ndi swamp hue, kapena beige-brown komanso tint wobiriwira. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu. Pafupifupi ndalama zam'mphepete mwa mapiri ali ndi mitsempha 5-18. Mukusambira modekha, minga imakanikizidwa ndi thupi, koma kalamoicht ikakhala yamanjenje ndikumva kuwopsa, minga imatha. Makala ndi osalala, opangidwa ndi diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ngati njoka.

Mbiri ya Kalamoicht Kwa nthawi yoyamba nsomba zodabwitsazi zidawonetsedwa mu 1906, ku Europe, pawonetsero la nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zimachitikira ku Magdeburg. "Aquarium" wa Stockholm ethnographic park "Skansen" adapatsa "Aquarium" ya makope 4 a Moscow Zoo 4 a 1984 Calabar Calamo Yacht. Ndipo zaka 20 zitachitika izi kalamaikht molimba mtima adatenga udindo wokhala wokhala m'madzi wamba.

Arisen oposa 40 miliyoni. zaka zapitazo, Kalabu wa kalamaikht masiku ano ali wosiyana kwambiri ndi makolo ake Cladistia, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri padzikoli. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo za chisinthiko zangosiya zipsepse zamakedzana ku zoyerekeza zamakono, pafupifupi kupatula kwathunthu zipsepse zamkati, kapena kuzisunthira kumchira, zovekedwa nduwira zazing'ono zamkati.

Asayansi ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi nsomba zamtunduwu chifukwa, malinga ndi malingaliro ambiri, zimachokera ku zolengedwa zotere zomwe anthu amakono padziko lapansi pano adatsika. Pokhala wokhala m'madzi mokwanira, kalamoicht imakhala ndi mapapu, omwe ali matumba awiri ofanana am'mapapu, ofanana mu mapapu a nyama zambiri zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakapangidwe ka nsomba zambiri.

Pali matembenuzidwe, malingaliro akuti, pakupanga kusinthika, abale ena a calamoichthus ali ndi miyendo ndikutsalira pamtunda.

Kodi ndizotheka kubereka tsoka

Ngati mukufuna nsomba yomwe imawoneka ngati njoka mu malo anu am'madzi, muyenera kugula kope lomwe linachokera kumalo achilengedwe. Ndipo onse chifukwa mu aquarium, Kalamoicht amabala kawirikawiri kwambiri.

Pali umboni umodzi wodziwika bwino wa kuswana bwino m'ma 1990. Zitatero, nsomba anali atakalamba kale.

Kukula kwa mazira a Kalamoicht - 2-2.5 mm, ndipo chifukwa cha kuumirira, amamatirira zomera mosavuta. Mphutsi zamtundu wa mwachangu pambuyo pa maola 70, koma pitilizani kuphatikizira algae, mukudya zomwe zili pa yolk sac. Amayamba kudya mwachizolowezi milungu iwiri mpaka itatu. Mu chilengedwe, Kalamoicht amabereka chaka chonse, ali mu ukapolo - kawirikawiri kwambiri, ndipo izi ndi mwayi weniweni.

Kodi mumadziwa?Mbedza zam'madzi zopatsa chidwi Synodontis multipunctata zimadya mazira ena kuchokera ku nsomba zina ndikuponyera ake pano. Ndipo, m'malo mwa "cuckoo", "amayi olera" amatenga ana ake.

M'malo abwino, nsomba za njoka zimatha kutalika kwa 40 cm mu aquarium ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka khumi. Ngati mutayamba Kalamoikhta, ndiye kuti nsomba imodzi yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi imakusangalatsani kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo komanso mawonekedwe osinthika, osangalatsa.

Nsomba za Aquarium okhala m'madzi okhala m'madzi am'madzi mwa nsomba zazikulu za nsomba

Kuswana ndi machitidwe ogonana a calabar calamoichitis

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi kotheka ngati mungayang'ane kwambiri))). Yaikazi imakhala ndi zilonda zapakhosi pang'onopang'ono ndipo ma anal amakhala ocheperako kuposa abambo. Monga lamulo, imakhala ndi mtundu wa maolivi wachikasu. Komanso, amuna amakhala ndi ziphuphu 12 mpaka 14, pomwe zazikazi zimayambira 9 mpaka 12. Palibenso zikhalidwe zina zakugonana mu calabor calamoikhta.

Popanda kukopa kwa mahomoni, kalamoahts samatulutsa kunja kwachilengedwe. Kwa zaka zambiri, ochepa ndi omwe adakwanitsa kuchita bwino pakubala kwawo. Chifukwa chake, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazomwezi "nsomba ya caviar". Kalamoihts omwe ali kale kale amabweretsedwa kuchokera kumisewu yakumbuyo kwawo Kwambiri.

Chidwi ndi njoka ...

M'malo osungira kumadzulo kwa West Africa, kumene calabar calamoicht yathu imakhala, nthano zomwe zimapanga nsomba zodabwitsa za njoka. Ndipo nthawi zonse sanali pafupi ndi nsomba zomwe.

Kukhala nsomba ya njoka ku Nigeria ndizofanana ndi kukhala mphaka wakuda ku Russia. Kalamaicht anali kuphedwa nthawi zonse, osamutengera kuti iye ndi ndani. Kuchokera kutali, Kalamoikhta, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, sikuti ankangotengedwa ngati njoka. Ndipo m'malo amenewo, omwe si achisoni, pafupifupi njoka zonse zimakhala ndi poizoni ndikubweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa okhala m'deralo.

Popita nthawi, kalamoychta adadzilekanitsidwa ndi mitundu ya njoka. Koma, chiganizo chotsatira cha iye sichinali chotonthoza. Anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga, atamva nthano zambiri ndi nthano kuchokera kwa amalonda ochokera mumtsinje, sakanachitira mwina koma kuwona kufanana kwina pakati pa kalamoicht ndi chinjoka cha chinjoka cha ku China, omwe amawalanga osakhulupirika ndi oyipa, anali anzeru koma osapirira.

Mosazengereza, a Aborigine am'deralo adazindikira kuti Amulungu adakwiya ndi anthu aku Nigeria ndikuboola dziko lapansi, adatsegula malo amtsinje pakati pa dziko lapansi, pomwe chilungamo chimakwera ngati kalamaikhts. Anthu aku Nigeria anali ndi mantha. Nthawi imeneyo, anagulitsa zonse zomwe akanatha. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti malonda agolide ndi dayamondi adakula. Ndipo milungu yawo imaletsa malonda a dziko lawo. Anthu amantha anali kungodikirira chifukwa chowona munthu wopalamulidwayo chifukwa cha machimo awo. Ndipo malingana ndi momwe wolemba-wamalonda amafotokozera, Njoka ndi yowombera, chabwino, tyutelka mu tyutelku kalamoyht. Thupi lalitali, mapiko amakula kuchokera kumutu, limadumphira kumbuyo ndi mchira, limakhala m'madzi, ndipo imabadwa m'matumbo a dziko lapansi.

Kulandila anthu akuluakulu, pafupifupi mamilimita kutalika kwa Nyoka Zanjoka zatsopano, anthu adangowononga zochuluka za zolengedwa zokongolazi. Panalinso osaka ena apadera omwe ankateteza mudzi wawo kuchokera ku Njoka Yanzeru.

Komabe, imodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe idayendera njoka ndi chinjoka, idapulumuka mpaka lero kukhala nyama yam'madzi ndikusangalatsa diso ndi chisomo chake, kufunikira kwake komanso kusazolowereka.

Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi chipatso chabe cha kuyang'ana nsomba zamtunduwu zam'madzi ndikutola zambiri kuchokera kwa eni ake ndi obereketsa. Tikufuna kugawana zambiri ndi alendo, komanso malingaliro athu omwe amatilola kuti tizilowera mdziko lapansi mozama. Kulembetsa ku https://fanfishka.ru/forum/, kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana pa forum, pangani mitu yazithunzi momwe mungalankhulire ndi manja anu oyamba okamba za ziweto zanu, fotokozerani zomwe amachita, zomwe amachita, komanso zomwe agawana, gawanani nafe kupambana kwawo ndi chisangalalo, kugawana zokumana nazo ndikuphunzira kuchokera kwa ena. Tili okondweretsedwa ndi gawo lililonse la zomwe mumakumana nazo, sekondi iliyonse ya chisangalalo chanu, kuzindikira kulikonse kwakulakwitsa komwe kumapangitsa kuti abwenzi anu apewe zolakwika zomwezo. Zomwe tili kwambiri, m'malovu owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino ali m'moyo ndi moyo wa gulu lathu la mabiliyoni asanu ndi awiri.

Kutulutsa kwa Vivo

Kubzala kwa nsomba kumayamba nthawi yamadzi. Amuna akamenyera nkhondo azimayi amakonzekera ndewu yayitali. Awiriwo akakhazikika ndi umuna kuchitika, njirayi imayikira mazira mu udzu wokulirapo kapena m'makungwa oyandikira. Ana amayamba kubadwa patatha masiku awiri, ndipo atatha masiku anayi mwachangu ayamba kukwawa kale bwino.
Zambiri za nsombazi zimakhala ndi zokutira zakunja zomwe zimaloleza ana kuti azitha kupulumuka m'madzi opanda mpweya. Amadyetsa nyama zachilengedwe zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, artemia.

Zina zambiri

Kalamoicht Kalabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) ndiye yekha woimira mtundu wake. Mtundu wa epithet udalandiridwa polemekeza mudzi wa Old Calabar (Nigeria). Dzina la mtunduwu limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek erpeton - "zokwawa" ndi ichthys - "nsomba". Nsomba zouluka, kapena nsomba ya njoka, ndi mayina omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pogulitsa nsomba zachilendozi. Palinso mayina monga nsomba za bango ndi nsomba za zingwe.

Kalamoihty m'chilengedwe amakhala kumayiko aku West Africa. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimapezeka m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa. Potengera momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimachitikira, gawo la chikhodzodzo mu nsomba za njoka lasintha ndipo limaphatikizanso mbali ina yopumira. Mutha kuwona momwe nsomba nthawi ndi nthawi imapukusa mutu wake ndi madzi kuti ipume. Mothandizidwa ndi kalamohacht "wopepuka" wotere, umatha kukhala wopanda madzi kwa maola 8, bola khungu limanyowa.

Kalamoicht ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi. Amayenda mokongola m'madzi, pansi pazomera, nkovuta kwambiri kusiya kumamuwona.

Asodzi a njoka amatsogolela nthawi yausiku, koma ndikamadyetsa pafupipafupi maola ena amayamba kugwira ntchito masana. Ngakhale kuti kalamoaht amadya, ndi nsomba yamanyazi komanso yamanyazi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakonda kubisala m'misasa.

Mawonekedwe

Kalamoikht Kalabar ali ndi thupi la njoka lomwe limakutidwa ndi mamba owoneka ngati diamondi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa kapangidwe kazinthu kakang'ono - hanoin, komwe ndi kachiwiri kungomanga mano mu mphamvu. Izi zimapangitsa nsomba kuti ifanane ndi njoka.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi 37 cm, ndipo makulidwewo amakhala mpaka 2 cm.

Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, wosalala, wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu yodzaza ndi mano. Pamutu pali maso ang'ono ndi kutuluka kwapadera - ziwalo zogwira. Kuseri kwa mutu ndi zipsepse zamakutu zokhala ndi banga lakuda pamunsi, zamkati sizikupezeka. Malipiro a dorsal mu mawonekedwe amizeremizere payokha (zidutswa 8 mpaka 15) kuchokera pakati pa thupi mpaka pansi pam mchira. Anal fin wopanga kapena wopindika, wasiyidwa kupita kwawokha. Mchira ndi chowulungika, cholowera pakatikati.

Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi maolivi, m'mimba ndi chikasu.

Phula pamutu wa kalamohacht - ziwalo zogwira

Kugonana kwamanyazi sikunafotokozeredwe. Akazi ndiwokhazikika, luntha lawo lautali limakhala laling'ono komanso lozungulira patali. Chizindikiro chimodzi chotsimikizika chotsimikiza mtima pakugonana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma ray a anal fin ya akuluakulu. Amuna amakhala ndi zaka 12 mpaka 14, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi zaka 9 mpaka 12. Komabe, izi sizipereka chitsimikizo cha 100% chotsimikiza mtima chogonana.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo wam'madzi ndi pafupifupi zaka 8.

Kalamoicht -

nsomba zosangalatsa zam'madzi.

Zachidziwikire aliyense wamasamba amakonda kusunga china chake chomwe chinali chachilendo, chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha abwenzi azosangalatsa, abale ndi alendo. Ndipo pankhaniyi, kuphatikiza apo, sikunali kofunikira kupanga bowo wakuda mu bajeti, kugula malo okhala ndi malita 500, ndi zida zogwirizana. Inde, ndiye kuti theka la nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito posamalira lilinso mwayi. Koma pali njira! Kumanani ndi Kalabar Kalamoikht, mbadwa yaku West Africa, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, nsomba za njoka (ngakhale chiweto chathu chatsopano sichikugwirizana ndi njoka, kupatula zina zofananira zakunja). Mwakutsamira mokongola pansonga yamadzi, kapena mwanzeru kutuluka pansi pa chitsamba cha anubias, calamoicht imawonjezera chithumwa ku aquarium iliyonse.

Chithunzi 1. Tsoka la calabar m'madzi sizinthu zobisika kwambiri. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pagalasi lakutsogolo.

Dongosolo la njoka yathu yam'madzi ndi motere:

Mtundu: Chordata (Chordata) Kalasi: Ray-Finned nsomba (Actinopterygii) Order: Maonekedwe owumbidwa (Mapepala angapo) Banja: Mitundu yambiri (Polypteridae) Genus: Kalamoikhty (Erpetoichthys) Zauzimu: Kalamoikht Kalabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus)

Kodi cholengedwa chakale ichi ndi chiani chomwe chidalipobe mpaka pano? Thupi limakhala lalitali, la njoka, lalitali masentimita 40 ndi 2 cm mulifupi. Makala okongola ngati diamondi (mu sayansi yotchedwa cosmoid-ganoid - chizindikiro cha magwero akale kwambiri) amathandizira kufanana ndi njoka. Pali mbali ziwiri zakumaso pamphepete mwa muzzle - ziwalo za bwino kwambiri kukhudza. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli zipsepse ziwiri zazing'ono zakutsogolo. Nsombazo zimakhala ndi maolivi okongola kwambiri, m'mimba mwake ndi lalanje achikasu. Malipiro a dorsal amayimiriridwa ndi cheza chimodzi. Mwa mphamvu, kununkhira ndi kukhudza kumakulitsidwa kwambiri. Mphamvu ya kununkhira ndiyabwino kwambiri ngakhale ndi miyezo ya nsomba. Koma powona, mawonekedwe a kalamoacht adakhumudwitsidwa - anali wakhungu. Yang'anirani maso ake - ochepa kwambiri. Ndipo yerekezerani, mwachitsanzo, ndi kukula kwa maso a scalar yomweyo kapena bots-Clown - nsomba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudalira maso awo.

Chithunzi 2. Chimodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri - Kalamoikht Kalabar (Erpetoichthys calabaricus). Akatswiri a Paleontologists sanathenso kunyengerera "kufalikira" kwa polypteriformes, koma akukhulupirira kuti makolo akale a tsokaohites ndi ma polypteruse anakhalako nthawi ya Triassic zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo.

Kupitilira mulembedwewo, popewa tautology, ndidzagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "njoka" kapena "nsomba ya njoka", ngakhale ndikugogomezera kuti nyama zapamwamba kwambiri, osati njoka, sizigwirizana ndi kalamohts. Malo obadwira ku Kalamoicht ndi West Africa, komwe amakhala m'madzi a mitsinje ya Nigeria, Congo, Benin, Equatorial Guinea ndi Cameroon. Zakudya zam'madzi zimayenda pang'onopang'ono kapena madzi othamanga.

Zokonza, malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 100, obzalidwa ndi zomera, kapena okhala ndi malo okhala (kapena mungachite zonse pamodzi) ali oyenera. Komanso, ngakhale Aquarium ikuwoneka pang'ono "wadzaza" - ndiyabwinonso. Anthu aku calibari amafuna malo ogona, motero amakhala olimba mtima komanso amakhala olimba mtima. Mtundu wa pH umachokera pa 6.5 mpaka 8, kutentha kosangalatsa ndi 25-27 ° C. Sindikuganiza zosefera bwino, ndimtundu wa nsomba zamtundu uliwonse. Koma kuthandizira kalamoyhta sikofunikira (pokhapokha ngati chimasungidwa mu malo osungirako zinyama, kapena, mwachitsanzo, ngati laberrinths imakhala ngati oyandikana nawo). Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a anatomical, imatha kumeza mpweya wam'mlengalenga ndikuyamwa mpweya kuchokera pamenepo. Izi ndizosavuta kuzindikira - nthawi ndi nthawi njoka yam'madzi imatulutsa pamwamba ndikugwira gawo la mpweya ndi mkamwa mwake, pambuyo pake imazembanso pansi. Kalamoikht amafunika kulowa pamtunda kwaulere, ngati kulibeko, ndiye kuti nsombayo imafa chifukwa cha kukokoloka, chifukwa kupuma kokhako ndi kokwanira. Pafupifupi, ndi tingachipeze powerenga okhala pansi. Mfundo ina yofunika - aquarium iyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu. Kalamoicht ali ndi kuthekera kwanyengo iliyonse ndipo amadziwika chifukwa chake amakonda kuwombera kuchokera ku aquarium. Kuwala kuyenera aliyense. Ndiyenera kunena kuti ma kalamoahts samalolera kuchoka ku malo amodzi kupita kwina, amatha kukana chakudya kwa masiku angapo, kapena ngakhale masabata (komabe, popanda kudzipweteka okha). M'malo mwanga, njoka ya nsomba inayamba kudya tsiku lachitatu, koma ndimagwirizananso ndi mfundo yoti adamupatsa chakudya chosasangalatsa komanso chosasangalatsa. Pogona patsopano zithandiza malo okhala ambiri. Chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti kusinthaku kwachitika ndipo wokhalayo watsopano wapeza niche m'madzi anu, ndikuti kalamoikht amasankha pobisalira kamodzi kapena kawiri, komwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Kwa ine, mwachitsanzo, adadzakhala chitsamba chachikulu cha anubias pomwe pagalasi lakutsogolo.

Chithunzi 3. Kalamoihts amakonda nkhokwe zazikulu za mbewu. Ndi kapangidwe kolondola ka aquarium, samachita manyazi kwa nthawi yayitali atakhala pagalasi lakutsogolo.

Habitat

Nsomba zambiri zokhala ndi njoka zimaphatikizapo maiko a ku Africa monga Angola, Nigeria, Cameroon, Benin, ndi Republic of Congo. Chimakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso matupi amadzi oyima. Amadziwika ndi okosijeni ochepa. Nsomba zimapulumuka m'malo ovuta choncho chifukwa chothandizira kupuma.

Kupeza, kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, mikhalidwe yangozi

Mukamagula ziweto zosowa, muyenera kulabadira utoto. Iyenera kukhala maolivi otuwa. Osati imvi, yomwe ndi maolivi. Zovalazi siziyenera kukhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, kukokoloka, ndi kuvulala kwina (komabe, izi zimakhudzanso nsomba zonse zomwe zatengedwa). Kusiyana kwa kugonana kwa kalamoyhts sikufotokozedwa bwino. Pali mtundu wina womwe umatha kudziwa kuti kugonana kungatsimikizidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ma ray a ma dorsal fin - mwamunayo ali ndi 12-14, ngati pali ma ray 9 9, ndiye kuti tili ndi akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, anal fin ya mkazi ndi yaying'ono kuposa yaimuna. Kuberekera masoka pamadzi ndi gawo lofananalo osafanananso ndi kuswana kwa zigoba za nkhanu. Milandu, ngati ikudziwika, imakhala yokhayokha, popanda chidziwitso chokwanira. Amanena kuti jakisoni wa mahomoni amafunikira pa kuchepetsedwa. Magwero ambiri amati kalamoicht imagwira ntchito makamaka mumdima. M'malo mwake, amakhala otakataka masana, ngati akumva otetezeka. Nsomba sizili amantha komanso mwakufuna kusambira kupita ku galasi lakutsogolo, ndikukulolani kudzikometsera. Kunja, mosiyana ndi ma bots kapena scalars, kwenikweni samvera. Ndili ndi vuto pamene mphaka umakhala pafupi ndi aquarium, ndipo, ndikawona nsomba yachilendo (kalamoicht itagona mwamtendere pansi pa chitsamba), idayamba kubowola galasi lake. Chifukwa chake njoka ya nsomba siyinasunthe mutu wake, ndikumubweretsa woimira feline kuti azikhala wopanda nzeru - sanazolowere kukhala osazindikira. Pamaso pa nsomba zazing'ono, monga ndanenera pamwambapa, kalamoikht amasaka izo. Ndipo usiku. Mumdima wathunthu, nsomba zamasana zimasokonekera, koma nsomba ya njoka imapeza mwayi, ndipo kupepuka kwamaso sikutenganso gawo pano - wolandayo adzafunafuna nyama mothandizidwa ndi fungo ndi kukhudza. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona Kalibari mukadyetsa - nsombazo zimasaka chakudya, ndikuchepetsa mizere, mpaka kupunthwa pang'onopang'ono. Komanso, kufunafuna chakudya, kumatha kuwonetsa munthu wina wachangu. Nditazindikira kuti kalamoaht amatenga dothi (ndili ndi timiyala tating'ono) ndikuyika pambali. Sikukumba, kutengera ndikutengera pambali. Ndimachita chidwi, ndinayamba kuona. Posakhalitsa, mayi wina wamkulu wamagazi adatulukira mu dzenje lomwe nthawi yomweyo idadyedwa. Ndidanunkhiza, ngakhale kudutsa dothi! Ndipo sanangonunkhiza, komanso adaganizira momwe angapangire! Mwambiri, chiwetochi sichachilendo komanso chodabwitsa.

Chithunzi 4 4. Mkamwa mwa Kalamoikhta. Amagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru! Imatha kugwira, koma ikhoza kukumba! Ichi ndichifukwa chake "njoka" yam'madzi iyi ndi yosangalatsa.

Mwinanso mutawerenga nkhaniyi, m'modzi wa inu asankha kukhala ndi chozizwitsa ngati chimenecho m'chilengedwe chanu. Yesani - simudzanong'oneza bondo!

Sergey Ryazin (Tridognight) 07 2019. Chithunzi ndi kanema wa wolemba.

M'malo mwake, ma kalamoahts sanakhalebe. Kalamoahts omwe amapezeka pamalonda ndi nsomba zogwidwa zakutchire, ndichifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kochepa kuti asunge malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndikufunikira. Ndi nsomba izi zomwe mungagule ku AquaInterio.

M'malo mwake, nsomba zambiri zam'madzi ndizopatsa ulemu kwambiri, zomwe sizosavuta kudyetsa ndi "kuyanika". Mapanga akuda ndi kalamoahts amamuzolowera.

Mwinanso, ambiri a ife timalota - kaya ndili mwana, muunyamata - kukhala ndi chinjoka chaching'ono kunyumba. Ambiri amafuna, koma adapeza njira ndikupangitsa malotowo kukhala owona, ayi, si onse. Tsopano ndizotheka kuzindikira lingaliro ili mophweka - ndikukwanira kukhala ndi nyama yachilendo, kusaka kwatsoka, mu aquarium. Thupi lalitali, lokhazikika, losinthasintha la cholengedwa cha nthano chabe, likuyenda, likuyenda mwamizere.

Kuwona kuvina kopusitsa kwa tsoka kwakaseri kwa kapu yamadzi, mutha kutaya nthawi. Pano pali nsomba ngati nthano, nsomba zamaloto ... nsomba yatsopano ya chinjoka.

Zinthu zam'chilengedwe

Mwachilengedwe, kalamoikht Kalabar kapena nsomba za njoka zimakonda kukhala m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi amchere, ngakhale nthawi zina zimapezekanso m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mchere wochepa. Kalamoikhty sakonda mafunde olimba, ndipo mumakhala m'madzi osaya m'malo okhala ndi zomera zam'madzi zopanda.

Izi zodziwikiratu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zochitika mumdima. Amadyetsa makamaka mphutsi ndi tizilombo, koma amathanso kudya nyama yaying'ono. Kalamoicht samatha kuona bwino, motero kufunafuna chakudya kumachitika chifukwa cha fungo.

Mutha kusunga nsomba zina zambiri m'madzimo: cichlids, botsia clown (macracantha), rhomboid piranha, catfish plectostomus, guban-maori, nsomba za singano, labidochromeis chikasu, angelfish, red badis (Dario Dario), arapaima, nsomba yochita opaleshoni, Arovana, chimbale ndi molliesia.

Kalamoihts atero
mawonekedwe oyipa a dongosolo la kupuma, mapapu awo alumikizidwa ndi minyewa ya m'mimba. Amathandizira nsomba kupulumuka chilala m'malo okhala ndi matope amadzi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikupita kumalo otetezeka. Komabe, kufunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi kupuma kukapumira pamadzi kumawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuzunzidwa ndi adani.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Kuti musunge tsokali mudzafunikira ngalande yokhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 100, makamaka malo otsika. Ngati mukufuna kukonza gulu laling'ono, ndibwino kuti musankhe malita 250 kapena kupitirira. Ndikofunikira kuti aquarium ikhale ndi chivindikiro cholimba. Nsomba zanjoka zimakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kosalumpha madzi, komanso kusambira mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Kalamoihts amatha kusungidwa awiriawiri kapena ochepa.

Ngati dothi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena timiyala ting'onoting'ono tozungulira. Kalamoikhty nthawi zina amagwera pansi. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa bungwe lakusungirako malo osiyanasiyana. Nsomba zanjoka ndi cholengedwa chamanyazi kwambiri, ndipo ngati patakhala malo obisala, zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yapadera, matalala, zopangidwa ndi miyala yachilengedwe, zomata zamitengo. Kalamoihts amayenda bwino ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mbewu, koma ndikofunikira kutseka mizu kuchokera pakupezeka kwa nsomba komwe kumatha kukumba mwangozi. Anubias, echinodorus yayikulu ndi cryptocorynes ingakhale njira yabwino.

Kalamoikht amafunikira malo obisalamo osiyanasiyana mu aquarium

Fayilo yamagetsi yoyenera iyenera kuyikidwira mu aquarium kuti ikhalebe yoyera ndi yamadzi yambiri, komanso yoyang'anira kutentha, chifukwa masoka amayenda kwambiri. Koma compressor si chinthu chokakamiza, nsombazo zimasinthidwa bwino kwambiri kuti zizipuma osati ndi zikho zokha, komanso mothandizidwa ndi chikhodzodzo chosinthika. Komabe, ngati nsomba zina zimakhala ndi nsomba ya njoka, ndi bwino kuyiyika. Zowunikira siziyenera kukhala zowala, zitha kuzunzika ndi thandizo la mbewu zoyandama, mwachitsanzo, mfuti. Ndiwosavuta kuwona moyo wa yachinoino maganti okhala m'madzi okhala ndi zowunikira zapadera usiku.

Magawo abwino am'madzi pazomwe zili: T = 25-27 ° C, pH = 6.0-8.0, GH = 5-19.

Sabata iliyonse muyenera kusintha 20-30% yamadzi mu aquarium. Kuti muchepetse kupsinjika mu nsomba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi mawonekedwe, Tetra AquaSafe. M'pofunikanso kusamala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala: kalamoahts salekerera formalin ndi utoto wambiri wokhala ndi michere.

Kuswana ndi kuswana

Kubadwanso kwa kalamoha ndi njira yovuta. Kuchulukana kwachilengedwe ndizosowa kwambiri, nsomba zambiri zimachokera ku Asia, komwe ma jakisoni a mahomoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aberekane. Komabe, zowona zingapo zodziwika bwino zidalembedwa, motero tili ndi chidziwitso cha momwe kuswana kumachitikira.

Kuonera zolaula m'mimba mwa njoka sikunafotokozeredwe. Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira zakugonana imawerengedwa kuti ndi kuwerengera kwa ma ray a anal fin: mwaimuna - 12-14, mwa akazi - 9-12. Komabe, samapereka chitsimikizo cha 100%. Panthawi yophukira, gawo lomaliza laimuna limatupa ndikukula.

Kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa kalamoyhts mu aquarium ndikosowa kwambiri

Awiri okonzekera kuwaza kosambira pakati m'nthimba zazomera. Wamphongo amadzidzimuka ndimutu wa mkazi. Ngati yaimayi yakonzeka kukhwima, imayima m'nkhalango za mbewu, ndipo yamphongo imayang'anitsitsa thupi lake mpaka ziphuphu zawo zitakhala pafupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngongole yaimuna imakhala ngati "mbale", pomwe wamkazi amayikira mazira angapo.Apa ndipomwe umuna umachitika.

Pambuyo pake, yamphongo imafalitsa mazira pakati pa zomerazo. Pokhala ndi chipolopolo chomata, mazira nthawi yomweyo amalumikizana ndi gawo lapansi. Pambuyo pa izi, mkombowo umabwerezedwa mpaka wamkazi akameza caviar yonse. Mazira amazunguliridwa, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 2 mm.

Kukhazikika kwa mazira kumatenga masiku atatu, kenako mphutsi zamtundu wamphongo ndi mapira akunja zimatuluka. Amakhalabe omatikizika ku gawo lapansi pomwe amadya pa yolk sac. Mphutsi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Gawo lokwera limayamba kupangika milungu iwiri yokha pambuyo pomenyedwa. Kusintha kwa kudzidyetsa kumayambira pa tsiku la 19. Pakadali pano, mphutsi zimakhala ndi kukula pafupifupi 1 cm.

Kutha kwa nsomba kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi 2-3.

Musanagule

Muyenera kudziwa kuti nyama amazolowera kwambiri zinthu zopanda nyama. Asanagulitse, ayenera kudutsa nthawi yochepera milungu iwiri.

Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa, chifukwa cha ludzu la phindu, amanyalanyaza chitsimikizo ndikuchigulitsa akangogwira.

Chifukwa chake, asanagule nsomba ku malo ogulitsa ziweto, mwini wake wam'tsogolo akuyenera kudziwa ngati njokayo idayikidwa kwayekha kuti kugula kosangalatsa sikumakhumudwitsa komanso kufa mwachangu kwa chiweto.

Simuyenera kutenga nsomba ngati mitundu yosasiyanayo ikuwoneka pamwamba pa thupi lake, pali mawanga kapena nthumbu. Mwambiri, munthu wotereyu akudwala ndipo sakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi.

Zinthu Zosintha

Zambiri mwa nsomba zomwe zimayimiriridwa m'misika yama shopu azinyama zimachokera ku chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, atapeza wokhala m'madzi amadzimadzi, amafunika kugulitsa osagulitsa (nthawi zina mpaka mwezi umodzi) ndikusintha kwina kuti atengedwe. Koma ogulitsa nthawi zambiri samatsatira izi, ndipo anthu ambiri amafa posakhalitsa atangokhazikitsa nyumba yakunyumba.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma aquarists ali ndi lingaliro kuti kalamoahts sikhala bwino mizu yakunyumba. Mwamwayi, izi siziri choncho. Nsomba zathanzi zimangosinthika kukhala ndi malo atsopano okongoletsa m'madzi am'madzi okongoletsera, ngati mutsatira malamulo ake.

Pang'ono pang'ono za momwe mungasiyanitsire munthu wathanzi. Mukamagula nsomba, samalani ndi mawonekedwe ake a khungu. Ngati pali malo ochepa osiyanitsa, ndiye kuti, nsomba ndiyodwala, siyikhala nthawi yayitali.

Aquarium ya nsomba za njoka

Nsomba za njoka ndi chiweto chosowa, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kusunga mu thanki yakunyumba. Mwini wake ayenera kupatsa chiweto zinthu zotsatirazi:

aquarium yotakata - yokhala ndi malita osachepera 100, ndipo popeza ndibwino kukhala ndi anthu awiri kapena kupitilira apo, ma kalamoahts angapo amafunika mphamvu ya malita 250, koma ndibwino ngati thankiyo ikakhala yayikulupo
dothi labwino - ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wofewa, pomwe ndikosavuta kuti anthu asunthe,
kukongoletsa kanyumba - ndikofunikira kuti imakhala ndi masamba owuma ndi mitengo yoterera yomwe imakhala malo obisika komanso kusintha kosavuta,
chivindikiro - ngati simungatseke malo am'madzi, mutha kuyembekezera kuti mphukira zodabwitsa - awa ndi osanama komanso osadalirika,
wamadzimadzi pakatikati ndi izi: acidity 6.0-8.0, kuuma - dH 5-19, kutentha kuchokera pa 22 ° mpaka 28 ° C,
kachitidwe ka kusefera ndikofunikira pakukhazikitsa nyumba zachisoni.

Muyenera kusintha madzi pofika 1/4 sabata iliyonse, koma mutha kuchita popanda kuthandizira. Nsomba zanjoka zimakhala ndi ziwalo zamkati ndipo zimakhala ndi mapapu, chifukwa chake, ngati chikufunika, anthu amatha kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, amalola kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mosavuta. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira lingaliro kuti nsomba zikaletsa kulowa mumlengalenga, imira.

Anthu okhala m'derali samangokhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati njoka, komanso ali ndi zizolowezi zina za zolengedwa, mwachitsanzo, amatha kufinya ngakhale kuwunika pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ngati simupereka thankiyo ndi chivundikiro kapena chivindikiro chodalirika, mukukayikira kuti anthu ena adzabalalika. Ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizike kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino, mabowo ang'onoang'ono olowera mu chivindikiro ayenera.

Komanso, eni ake ayenera kuganizira zotsatirazi:

nsomba zamatumbo sizokhumba, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuyambitsa anthu angapo - kuchokera awiri mpaka asanu,
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mchere wamchere wapamadzi m'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza momwe mzindawo ziliri.
Ndikosavuta kuti ziweto zizisintha ndikapatsidwa chakudya mumdima ndikuziyika mu malo okhala ndi malo okhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere.

Mikhalidwe yamadzi

Kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa madigiri 24. Kalamoikht Kalabar amakonda kwambiri zisonyezo zamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wovomerezeka wa pH ndi kuyambira pa 6.2 mpaka 7.5, ndi GH, motero, kuyambira 2 mpaka 18. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti palibe kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kuzomwe zikuwonetsa.
Pochita acclimatization, komanso ngati pakufunika kusintha kwamphamvu kwamadzi, pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi: Biotopol, Acclimol kapena Strescoat. Kalamoikhty salekerera utoto wa organin ndi organic, komanso kusintha kwakuthwa kwamchere wamchere.

Kalabar Kalamoikht amwalira

Ndipempha thandizo. 1 kalamoicht adamwalira sabata yatha, atagona pansi ndi ana oyera, akupumira kwambiri, ANAYAMBIRA PAMBUYO PAKUYENDA KWA LEAK MU Aquarium. Lachiwiri sabata pambuyo poti kubwezeretsanso pansi, mchira udapachikika, ngati kuti pakubwera mpweya pafupi ndi mutu. kuwonongeka kwakunja sikuwoneka. ophunzira ndi abwinobwino, kuyesera kusambira.

- voliyumu ya Aquarium: 140l - Zaka zake: sabata pambuyo poyambiranso kutulutsa thukuta, kuchotsa silicone yakale ndikupukusira aquarium yatsopano. Malita 50 kuchokera ku aquarium yakale, ndi ena onse kuchokera ku fyuluta (osmosis), + masiku atatu ndi fayilo yogwira ntchito + seachem solid 10 ml. - Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu: 3 dempsey buluu 5 masentimita, 1 frontoza 4 cm, 1 som kusintha masentimita 8, nsomba zonse kupatula tsoka zimadya mwachizolowezi, palibe zizindikiro za matenda. - Kukula ndi kutalika kwa kuyatsa 1 yoyera, 1 nyali yamtambo, maola 7 patsiku. - Kutentha 25-26 C - Kukhalapo kwa zosefera ndi zida zina zothandizira: tetra yakunja 600 - Zambiri zakuthambo: Quartz yakuda, 1mm - Kukakamira ndi ulamuliro wamasinthidwe amadzi: kamodzi pa sabata 30 malita - Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikiza feteleza wa ku aquarium : kukhazikika kwa seachem, 10 ml poyambira - Ngati ilipo, palibe zidziwitso pa magawo a hydrochemical: Ph - 7.4, ammonium, Nh3, Nh4 + sanapezeke .. Ndinayang'ana Api ndi mayeso - Kudyetsa nsomba: mazira owundana, sanadye bwino. Zasinthidwa 31.1.13 ndi Miwania

Kodi ndikofunikira kudikirira ana?

Kalamoicht: zomwe zili sizikhudza chidwi chofuna kubereka. Tsoka ilo. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kubereka, ntchito jakisoni wa mahomoni ndikofunikira, kukhazikitsa komwe kumafunikira luso komanso luso. Ngati kukondoweza kumachita bwino komanso kubereka nkofunikira, ngakhale wamwamuna ndi wamkazi si makolo osamala ndipo sasamalira mazira, ndipo kenako mwachangu. Njira yolera imatha ndikuyika mazira ndi umuna wawo. Komabe, nkhani za kubereka ana m'madzi amumadzi sizimafotokozedwa.

Masiku ano m'masitolo azinyama pali anthu ambiri osankhidwa pamadzi. Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti angapereke kalamoikhta. Choyamba, mawonekedwe enieni, ndipo chachiwiri, mawonekedwe azomwe zili. Koma aliyense amene amvetsetsa ndikumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a munthu wotere amakhala wosavuta komanso wosangalatsa ndi iye. Ndipo koposa zonse, osatopa komanso abwino!

Malo okhala Kalamar Kalamoichta ali m'malo otentha komanso abwino okhala kumadzulo kwa West Africa kuchokera ku Nigeria kupita ku Congo. Nsombazo zimatha kupulumuka m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso wosakhalitsa m'madzi kwakanthawi, kusuntha kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera ku thupi limodzi ndikupita kwina kukafunafuna malo abwinopo, chifukwa ziwalo zake zopumira, zomwe zimagwira ngati mapapu, zimatha kuyendetsa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga.

Zambiri

Nsomba za njoka sizachilendo kwambiri m'midzi yakunyanja. Ndi anthu ochepa chabe okangalika omwe amachita nawo mtundu wawo. Komabe, anthu nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'masitolo azinyama. Ngati mukufuna kugula chiweto kapena m'bale wake wapafupi - kuchuluka kwa Nile, sipadzakhalanso zovuta.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chidziwitso chozama chokhudzana ndi zozama zam'madzi chazinyama, zimakondwera kwambiri ndi kalamoahts. Nsomba zanjoka zimakhala m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi zowongolera, zomwe ndizodziwikiratu ndi zomwe zimachokera ku banja la nthenga zambiri.

Ndani nsomba za njoka zimacheza nawo

Kusankha kampani ya ziweto zoyambirirazi, muyenera kusiyitsa anthu ochepa - anthu omwe ali mkamwa mwa nsomba za njoka, amangodziwona ngati chakudya. Khazikikani ku njoka:

Koma mutha kudzilimbitsa nokha kwa okhala amtundu umodzi wokha, kalamoahts samakhala ankhanza komanso osakhala malo, amakhala mokwanira ndi abale awo.

Khalidwe lachilendo

Akakhuta, nsomba ya Kalamoicht imatha kuchita zodabwitsa. Pali chifukwa chilichonse chokhulupirira chosagwirizana ndi izi: awa okhala m'madzi atadya chakudya chokwanira amatha kusewera, osati pakati pawo, komanso ndi mbuye wawo.

Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zofotokozedwazo ndi khungu. Koma sichoncho. Ndikungokhala kuti azolowera malo okhala kumene amakhala pakati pa gulu lomwe limakhala oyandikana nawo. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake yogwira, kununkhiza komanso kuwona. Mwa njira, amawonanso anthu mchipindamo, kotero madzulo ma kazilamoahts amatha kudikirira eni ku khoma la aquarium.

Kusindikizidwa kwa Kalamar

Kuberekera ku ukapolo ndizosatheka popanda kukondera kwapadera kwa mahomoni. Ma Kalamoikh amaweta pama famu apadera kapena kugwidwa kumalo awo achilengedwe.

Kalamoikht Kalabar ndiwosangalatsa komanso siovuta kusamalira nsomba, ngakhale amaonedwa ngati wachilendo. Kukhala ndi luntha, ngakhale wokhoza kuwina. Ndikukonza kwakanthawi, zimayamba kuzindikira mwini wakeyo akafika ku aquarium. Palinso makanema pa intaneti pomwe nsomba za njoka zimakondwera kudya chakudya kuchokera mdzanja lomwe limatsitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosangalatsa nthawi zonse kuwona, ndi maso ake osawona bwino, kalamoeht imatha kupachika kwakutali kukhoma lakutsogolo kwa aquarium, kuyang'ana dziko lozungulira.

Kodi amakonda kukhala moyo wotani?

A mbadwa ya zinyama za ku West Africa, calabar calamoicht imafuna kuyang'anira zomwe zili mu aquarium. Madzi ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono. PH yapakati ili mkati mwa 7.0. Kutentha kwake sikotsika kuposa 24o. Kutentha madigiri awiri mpaka atatu zilibe kanthu.

Mwachilengedwe, malo omwe amakhala madzi opanda madzi okhala ndi brackish nthawi zambiri amadziwika. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mchere sikuyenera kupitirira 1.005, apo ayi, momwe nsomba zimasinthira zoipa: zimakhala zamanjenje, zimasintha khungu, zimabisala m'miyala yamiyala. Kupezeka kwa mipanda yolimba ndi nkhokwe mu aquarium ndikulimbikitsa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri si magawo a madzi otseguka, koma olembedwa mwachinsinsi. Chidwi pazomwe zikuchitika mozungulira malo am'madzi sichili kunja. Nthawi zina mutha kuwona nkhope ziwiri zowala ndikuyang'ana kuchokera ku aquarium zomwe zikuchitika mchipindacho.

Makamaka - kukhazikika kwa oyandikana nawo. Pamodzi ndi erpetoichthys calabaricus, nsomba zazing'ono zamtendere sizingakhazikike. Amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kudyedwa usiku woyamba. Agalu, ma barba, mwachangu a malupanga ndi ma mollies, mitundu yaying'ono ya catfish ndi ena sangagwire ntchito. Oyandikana nawo oyenera adzakhala ma cichlids (kutali ndi zazing'ono zosankha), gourami zazikulu, michira yophimba yabwino.

Nsomba yachilendo ngati imeneyi imasowa madzi ambiri - osachepera 200 malita pa munthu aliyense. Koma ngakhale zitakhala choncho, sizingakule kukula kwake: masankhidwe am'madzi nthawi zambiri samapitirira 60 cm.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire wamwamuna ndi wamkazi

Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi kofowoka kwambiri ndipo nkosatheka kuti mumvetsetse kuti ndi nsomba iti yomwe mumagonana popanda wina kugonana. Mwa chachikazi, pamimba yowongoka komanso mawonekedwe owala a anal fa. Wamphongo amakhala ndi zipsepse zochulukirapo.

Moni, abwenzi. Akantophthalmus ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri yopingidwa, yomwe imakonda kuwonetsedwa kwa asodzi wamadzuwa madzulo. Izi nsomba ndizofala m'mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono ku India ndi Southeast Asia. Kwambiri, nsombazi zimakopeka ndi magawo amtundu wachisungiko, omwe amaperekedwa ndi masamba ambiri agwa, kuyatsa kwamaso ndi mulu wa nkhono. Pa gawo la Soviet Union, nsomba zidawonekera koyamba mu 70s ya zaka zapitazi, ndipo kuyambira chaka cha 73 zakhala zikugulitsidwa bwino ndi asitikali am'madzi.

Thupi la acanthophthalmus limafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 12 ndipo lathyathyathya mbali. Kwambiri, mawonekedwe a thupi ali ofanana ndi njoka, ngati tsoka la Kalabar. Mtundu wake ndi lalanje owala, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda bii. Popeza nsombayi imakhala m'madzi oyandikana ndi madzi, m'makona a pakamwa pake pali timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timathandizira kuti nsomba izitsekwerere m'matope, ikuyang'ana chakudya. Acantophthalmus wamwamuna ndiocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazikazi, zomwe zimatha kuwoneka pamimba yothina yotsirizira. Kudzera pamimba puffy iyi, caviar wobiriwira amawoneka.

Akantophthalmus amakonda ma dziwe okumba okhala ndi malo abwino pansi, kuwala kosalala ndi gulu la malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera kuzomera zazing'ono (Javanese moss ndizabwino). Kusuntha kwa nsomba sikukuyenda bwino, ndipo mtundu wowala udzakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokongoletsera chilichonse cha m'madzimo. Ma hydrobiont amakonda kukhala pafupi pansi, ndipo samakonda kukwera pamwamba, kenako madzulo.

Madzi a Aquarium ayenera kukhala olimba kwambiri komanso acid pang'ono, ndipo kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 25. Gawo laling'ono la aquarium mwina ndi laling'ono komanso lamdima. Kukula kwa chidutswa cha dothi sikuyenera kupitirira mamilimita atatu, chifukwa nsomba sizingathe kusambira momwemo ndikuyang'ana nyongolotsi zazing'ono zomwe zimakonda pa nkhomaliro. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba imangokumbira pansi ngati ili ndi mantha.

Ngakhale acanthophthalmus ndiye woyimira nsomba kwambiri ndipo amakonda kuterera mozungulira mu siltali, ma aquarium ayenera kukhala oyera komanso osamala, ndipo madzi ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino. Chokhacho chomwe simukuyenera kupita kutali kwambiri ndi fyuluta yamphamvu, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuyenderera kooneka, komwe nsomba imayesa kubisala kwinakwake. Dziwinso kuti ngati grille yomwe imadya pa fyuluta yanu ndi yayikulupo, ndiye kuti acanthophthalmus ikhoza kuwonekera mosavuta kudzera mu fyuluta.

Akantophthalmus ndi nsomba yamadzulo komanso yamanyazi, yomwe tsiku loyamba kugula ikabisika m'matumba a mbewu kapena m'makongoletsedwe okongoletsera. Koma ngati mumadyetsa ziweto zanu masana, nsomba zimazolowera msanga ndipo zimapita kukadyetsa chakudya ndi anansi ena onse. Amadyetsa nthawi yonse pafupi ndi pansi, kotero amapereka chakudya kwa ziweto kuti china chake chisagwere pansi kapena kuponyera chakudya chapadera, iwo adzafika pansi. Monga chakudya, chingwe chamagazi kapena chubu ndi choyenera. Koma izi sizilepheretsa nsomba kudya chakudya chouma. Monga oyandikana nawo, ngwazi zamasiku ano zili bwino kusankha nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, apistils, masamba, osakhala achiwawa ndi harazinok (ma neon ofiira, ana, minga, ornatuses). Amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 8-12 ndipo amakhala zaka 5.

Habitat

Zamoyo zachilendozi zimapezeka m'madzi a ku Nigeria ndi ku Kongo; amakhala m'mitsinje pang'onopang'ono, m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe okhala ndi madzi abwino kapena otayika. Nthawi zambiri nsomba za njoka zimadzaza ndi mabango.Amayambira pansi pomwe - njoka kapena mbali.

Kalamoihts ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wamadzulo. Mwachilengedwe, amadya mphutsi, tizilombo komanso nyama zazing'ono zimatha kulowa mu chakudya. Mwa anthu amtunduwu, masomphenya awo siabwino kwambiri, choncho amafunafuna zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati fungo.

Njoka - nsomba ndizodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zimakhala mwamtendere. Ngakhale kutalika kwa matupi awo, amatha kuchita mantha ndi anthu ochepa okhala m'madzimo, makamaka zikafika podya. Nsomba izi zimakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa, koma kuti zizigwira masana, ndizokwanira kuzidyetsa. Sadzakana kugona m'minda.

Oyandikana nawo abwino a nsomba za njoka ndi nsomba zokulirapo. Kalamoikht Kalabar samagwirizana ndi ma guppies, neon ndi nsomba zina zachisanu zomwe zimatha kuwononga chakudya m'nthawi ya masekondi. Amathanso kukhala olanda njoka.

Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa mbewu zobzalidwa, chifukwa nsomba ya njoka imakhala pansi ndikufukula mwachangu pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Monga dothi, mchenga kapena miyala yosalala yosalala imathiridwa.

Aquarium yopitilira malita 100 wokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba,
Malo okhala, miyala ndi miyala yambiri,
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 25,
Kuuma kuyambira 2 mpaka 17,
Acidity kuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7.6.

Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zofunikira za hydrochemical za aqua sizimasinthasintha. Ngati mukusowa madzi osintha mwachangu, gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera zamagetsi kuti muthandizire kugwira ntchito yoyenera. Odziwika Kwambiri:

Utoto wokhala ndi organic kapena formalin umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nsomba. Amaletsedwa mwamphamvu kuti azisamalira nsomba ndi njoka.

Amakhala kuti nsomba ili ndi chizolowezi chothawa madzi am'madzi - ikani chivindikiro cholimba. Zotsatira zake, pofuna kuthana ndi njala, mpweya wabwino komanso 1/5 kusintha kwa madzi nthawi 1 pa sabata ndizofunikira. Ngati Kalamoikht Kalabar yekha amakhala mu aquarium, ndiye kuti simungathe kukhazikitsa dongosolo lothandizira.

Kudyetsa, njoka yam'mimba sikhala yabwino, imadya mosangalatsa:

Crustaceans
Tizilombo
Magazi,
Nsomba zam'nyanja zouma.

Samalani kwambiri ngati akupeza chakudya. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri samayanjana ndi oyandikana nawo. Ngati kalamoikhta amathandizadi, ndiye kuti pitani kumchenje wina. Siyani chakudyacho mu chubu chapadera pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndikuchepetsa mpaka pansi. Chifukwa chake, zidutswa za chakudya sizingatheke kwa nsomba, koma zogwidwa mosavuta ndi njoka.

Matenda

Mwambiri, chitetezo chambiri mu chinjoka nsomba chimapitilira. Chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe agulidwa kumene: kuti apewe, ndikwabwino kukhazikikamo: kwa masabata 1-2 amadzaza nsomba mu thanki yapadera ndikuwonetsetsa mawonekedwe awo ndi khungu lawo.

Kalamoichytes pafupifupi alibe kachilombo ndi fungal ndi matenda a parasitic. Izi zikachitika, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti njira zochizira zokwanira sizili zoyenera: nsomba izi sizingalole salinization wamadzi, formalin, kapena utoto wachilengedwe.

Mavuto akulu azaumoyo amapezeka m'madzi akuda. Kuchulukitsa msanga wa ma nitrate ndi ma nitrites nthawi yomweyo zimakhudza thanzi la kalamoahts: amayamba kuda nkhawa ndikusambira kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndi mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti madzi azisintha nthawi zonse ndikuyeretsa dothi.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Kalabar Kalamoikht amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zachilendo kwambiri, osati zakunja kokha, komanso malingana ndi zizolowezi.

Ichi ndi cholengedwa chodekha chopanda mkwiyo chomwe chimatha kuyanjana mosavuta ndi anansi amtendere omwewo. Zokhazo: nsomba siziyenera kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, Kalamoicht sanataye chidwi chake chofuna kusaka ndipo amatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono osangosangalala ndi masewera.
Kutha kukwera mumtundu uliwonse, ngakhale malire yopapatiza, kalamoahts imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu. Samakhala komwe, pomwe, atatsuka pansi pamadzi ndi kukonzanso, ndibwino kuyang'ana momwe nsombazi zimamverera mu mawonekedwe atsopano. Zachidziwikire, chivindikiro cholimba ndichofunikira!
Kalamoikhty amakonda kugona pagulu la pansi pamadzi. Ngati nsomba za njoka sizikuwoneka pagalasi lakutsogolo, komwe nthawi yambiri imakhala, yang'anani pansi pa chivindikiro. Mwachidziwikire, amagona pamenepo. Kapena mumthunzi wamadzi a aquarium, kupumula kuchokera pakuwala kwakukulu.
Chinjoka cha nsomba cha Aquarium chimazolowera mwini wake, ndipo chisangalalo pakuwona icho chikuwonetsa mayendedwe akuyenda mderali.
Ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri za kalamoyhts zimachitika usiku. Koma masanawa nawonso amakhala achangu, akupumula kwakanthawi kochepa mthunzi pafupi ndi pansi.

Mokulira, kalamoah amakumana bwino ndi nsomba zazikulu zamtendere: minga, zipsera, ma cyprinid ena ndi nsomba zina zofanana. Zoyang'anira nyama ndizoyeneranso monga oyandikana nawo: mbalame zamphaka, severums, tilapias, zakuthambo, ngati sangasake masoka.

Ponena za oyandikana nawo a intraspecific, agalu sakhala nsomba zamtchire, kotero anthu angapo amatha kukhala mosavuta mu aquarium imodzi. Ndikothekanso kusunga kalamoicht popanda abale.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kuzilingalira?

Kalamoicht ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Sikoyenera kuwerengera nsomba. Koma zachilengedwe zidamudalitsa ndi fungo labwino. Amazindikira ngakhale chakudya chifukwa cha kununkhira, zomwe zimamulepheretsa kudya. Zimakhala bwino nsomba zikakhala m'matanthwe, zimakonda kudya chakudya kumtunda ndi pakati pamadzi. Kenako tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala pansi ndikumupeza ndi kumudya. Kuphatikizanso ndi ntchito yamatsenga. Pakuphedwa kwawo pamakhala ndevu zapadera koma zazing'ono.
Monga njoka, nyama yolusa imakonda chakudya chamoyo. Ndi chisangalalo iye amadya nyama yoboola kapena nsomba, shrimp wosankhidwa kapena squid. Mutha kudyetsa mphutsi kapena ma nyongolotsi amwazi. Osaphonya mwayi wocheperako woti mumize nsomba yaying'ono kapena mwachangu. Osakana zakudya zouma zapadera, makamaka zomwe zimapangidwira nthenga zambiri, zomwe zimayikidwa mwa gulu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mkamwa mwake yayikulu ili ndi mano, chifukwa chake simuyenera kutenga m'manja mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi limakhala ndi ma spine 8 mpaka 15 omwe ali pafupi ndi mchira pa theka la dorsal. Izi ndi ziwalo zoteteza ndipo muyenera kuzisamala.
Osadandaula ngati chiweto chizikwawa ndikuwala pang'ono ndikukhala pansi pa nyali yowala yamagetsi. Amakonda kuphika m'mayilo ofunda, ngakhale zida zamagetsi.

Momwe nsomba za njoka zimasungira

Kuwerengera wamwamuna, wokonzeka kukhwima, ndikosavuta - anal fin yake imayamba kutupa ndi kuonda. Ndipo ngati banja lisambira limodzi, ndiye kuti ana atha kuyembekezeredwa posachedwa. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pamphepete mwamphongo, ndipo iyenso amakumana ndi umuna. Pambuyo pake, mazira amakhazikika pansi ndikutsatira mwamphamvu. Njirayi imakhala ndi magawo angapo ndipo imakhala mpaka ana onse amtsogolo atakhala pansi.

Pambuyo masiku atatu, mphutsi zimawonekera, ndipo mkati mwa masabata atatu zimapachika pamtunda. Pakatha milungu itatu, nyongolosiyo imasinthidwanso, ndipo makanda omwe amatha kusambira ndi kudya chakudya popanda thandizo kuti atuluke.

Nsomba za njoka ndiziweto zachilendo zomwe zimadzutsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe awo achilendo, zizolowezi zawo ndi machitidwe awo. Ndizojambula zokongoletsera chilichonse - zofunidwa, zoyambirira, zoyambirira.

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