Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zamoyo (PE) ndi mwambo womwe umawunikira njira zakuwonongera kwa chilengedwe cha anthu, njira zoletsa izi kuti ziwonongeke ndikupanga mfundo zoyendetsera zachilengedwe popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhazikitsidwa pa dongosolo la mfundo, malamulo ndi malamulo oyang'anira zachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Kutengera ndi njira zophunzirira, magawo omwe adasiyanitsidwa ndi awa:
chilengedwe cha mafakitale - imawerengera momwe mabungwe ogulitsa mafakitale akhudzidwira zachilengedwe ndi njira zochepetsera izi mwa kukonza matekinoloje ndi malo othandizira,
zachilengedwe zaulimi - amakonza njira zopangira zinthu zaulimi popanda kutha kwa chuma chambiri komanso njira zopangira zinthu zabwino zachilengedwe,
zachilengedwe zachipatala - imafufuza matenda amtundu wa anthu ogwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi njira zochizira,
zachilengedwe zamatawuni - imawerengera njira zosintha chilengedwe mu mzindawo,
zachilengedwe - amakonza njira zodziwira zinthu zodetsa, njira zoyeretsera mankhwala, umisiri watsopano wopanga,
zachilengedwe - imatengera njira zachilengedwe, i.e. kusokera kwachilengedwe komwe kudzachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitundu,
zachilengedwe - amakonza njira zachuma zoyendetsera chilengedwe,
zachilengedwe zalamulo - Khazikitsa dongosolo lamalamulo loteteza chilengedwe,
Mitundu ya Ntchito Yogwiritsa Ntchito
Ecology imagwira ntchito limodzi mosiyanasiyana. Pali mgwirizano pakati pa ecology ndi economics, psychology, ndi mankhwala. Mwa kuwongolera zinthu zina, mutha kudziwa zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kuti malo azikhala bwino.
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Kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kumawerengera ndendende njira ndi mavuto omwe amawononga chilengedwe. Njira ndi zida zopangidwira zomwe zithandizira kuchepetsa zoyipa za munthu pa chilengedwe. Komanso, malangizowa amapanga matekinoloje ndi malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito mwanzeru zinthu zachilengedwe.
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Kuphatikizika kwa momwe chilengedwe chikugwiritsidwira ntchito mulinso malangizo awa:
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- zachilengedwe
- mafakitale
- zamankhwala
- kumanga zachilengedwe
- mankhwala
- mainjiniya
- zaulimi
- zachilengedwe zalamulo
- m'tawuni.
Mtundu uliwonse wa chilengedwe chomwe umagwiritsa ntchito umakhala ndi mutu wake komanso zomwe umaphunzira, ntchito ndi njira zake. Chifukwa cha njira yasayansi, mfundo ndi malamulo zimapangidwa, malinga ndi momwe ziyenera kuyang'anira ntchito za anthu m'malo osiyanasiyana azachuma. Malamulo onse ndi malingaliro zimatengera kutsimikizira kwa ntchitoyi.
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Cholinga cha Ntchito Yogwiritsa Ntchito
Kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe kungachepetse kuyipa kwa anthu pazachilengedwe. Mwa izi, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo masamu. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwunikire chilengedwe ndikuwona momwe ziliri. Zotsatira za kusanthula uku zitha kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa zovuta zachilengedwe, zomwe mtsogolomo zimakhala maziko enieni osinthira zochitika za zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, zisonyezo za dziko lamadzi ndi mpweya zimapangitsa mabizinesi kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera. Kuphatikiza apo, malangizowa amachepetsa kulemera kwachilengedwe. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuchita kubwezeretsa ndikukonzanso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapulumutsa chilengedwe, nthawi isanathe.
Zachilengedwe
Khalidwe la chilengedwe ndi gawo la zachilengedwe zomwe zimawerengera mgwirizano womwe umachitika pakati pa anthu ndi malo omwe akukhalamo, malo ndi chikhalidwe, zotsatira zakapangidwe ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, zovuta zachilengedwe zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu komanso mtundu wa anthu. Mukatikati mwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, zimatha kusiyanitsa: zachilengedwe zaumwini, chilengedwe cha chikhalidwe, ethnoecology, ndi zina zotere., Chilengedwe cha chikhalidwe chimagwira ntchito yosungira ndikubwezeretsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zomwe anthu adazipanga m'mbiri yake yonse (zipilala zomanga nyumba, mapaki, malo osungirako zinthu zakale, ndi zina). Ethnoecology imawerengera ubale wa anthu ndi malo omwe amapanga gulu latsiku motsatira mbiri. Kuchulukana kwa chilengedwe kumaganizira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa njira zomwe zimachitika m'magulu a anthu mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe chachuma munthawi yifupi [1, p. 34].
Human ecology (anthropoecology) ndi sayansi yovuta (gawo la zachilengedwe) yomwe imawerengera momwe munthu amathandizirana ngati cholengedwa chachilengedwe chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri kuzungulira kuzungulira padziko lapansi, malo okhala ovuta kuwapeza. Ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndikuwulula malamulo opanga ndi zachuma, chitukuko chakutsogolo ndikusintha kwa malo achilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi anthu. Mawu omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Amer. asayansi R. Park ndi E. Burgess (1921) [3, p. 65].
Global ecology ndi njira yovuta yasayansi yomwe imasanthula malamulo oyambira okhudzana ndi chilengedwe chonse, komanso kusintha komwe kungachitike mothandizidwa ndi anthu. Dziko lapansi lipangidwa kuti liphunzire ubale wa anthu ndi chilengedwe padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti zachilengedwe zomwe zidakumana ndi zovuta zakuthambo zomwe zachitika padziko lapansi zachitika.
Chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha sayansi chomwe chimaganizira ubale wa anthu ndi malo, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, i.e. ndi malo ozungulira munthu. Magulu a anthu okhudzana ndi malo awo okhala amakhala ndi gulu lotsogola (kuyambira magulu oyambira kufikira anthu onse amawaganiziridwa). Mbiri ya kutuluka kwa anthu idayamba kuphunziridwa kuyambira kale ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo komanso akatswiri azikhalidwe, akatswiri azikhalidwe. Anthropology ndi sayansi ya kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu, mitundu, ndi mitundu ya banja. Anthropology imagwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku biology, maselo biology, genetics, paleogenetics, paleogeography, archaeology, geology, ndi zina zambiri. Zimaphatikizanso kuwunika kwa zinthu zazamoyo (morphological ndi zokhudza thupi) za Homo sapiens ndi makolo ake okalamba ndipo zimakhala ndi malo apadera machitidwe asayansi yachilengedwe komanso okhudza munthu [2, p.23].
Mavuto azikhalidwe zamunthu komanso zachikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kusinthika kwa mtundu wa Homo ali muubwana. Pakati pa asayansi, osati akatswiri anthropologist okha ndi paleogeologists, palibe mgwirizano pa nthawi yomwe munthu adachokera kapena makolo ake. Malinga ndi chilengedwe, iyi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimayitanidwa ndi anyani.
Mu Late Miocene (11-12 Ma), mzere wa anthropoid wopatukana ndi majini awiri australiopithecus ndi Homo (W. Grant). Mtundu wa Homo ndiwo ulalo wotsiriza chabe mu nthambi yakusinthika kwa anyani apamwamba, omwe mwa kuphatikizika kwawo amapanga banja lobadwa. Banja ili ngati nthambi ya chisinthiko, yomwe, itatha kupatukana, idabweretsa munthu wamakono.
Munthu monga cholengedwa ayenera kudzawonongedwa. Malingaliro ake anali osakhazikika bwino. Mwamuna sanakhazikike mokwanira mwachilengedwe ndipo anafa ngati analibe ulesi, chifukwa chakupezeka kwa kulingalira komanso kuthekera kwa kuphunzira. Munthu mosazindikira amatsata zinyama, zomwe sizinayikidwe mwachilengedwe, koma zinakhala mphamvu zake zopulumutsa.
Pakati pa munthu ndi zenizeni za kukhala malo ake akulu zawoneka. Panali mtundu wa kuphatikizika kwa zenizeni, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu gawo la lingaliro, kuzindikira. Danga ili litha kudziwika kuti ndi chikhalidwe komwe kuthekera kwa kulenga kwa munthu kumawululidwa. Za chiyambi cha munthu pakutha kwake kuthana ndi zolengedwa zake. Gawo la magawo atatu ndi gawo loyamba la kukula kwa ubongo, chachiwiri ndi kupezeka kwa manja, chikhalidwe chachitatu ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo ndi dongosolo la sayansi ya makompyuta, lochitidwa kupitirira ubongo monga kupitiriza kwake. Makhalidwe, zokumana nazo, kufalikira kwawo kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mbadwo zimakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pamakhalidwe a anthu ndipo, limodzi ndi kusankha kwachilengedwe, zidapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwa Homo sapiens pomenya nkhondo. W. Grant (1991) akukhulupirira kuti kusiyana kosankha pakati pa anthu ndi nyama ndi chikhalidwe. Munthu ndi cholengedwa chopatsidwa chikhalidwe. Palibe nyama yomwe idapanga chikhalidwe chake chachiwiri. Uku ndikofunika kwa munthu, ichi ndiye chipatso cha kusintha kwachikhalidwe chake.
Kafukufuku wamtundu wamitundu ya anthu (Negroid, Mongoloid, European, Australia) ndi America) adawonetsa kuti 97% ya majini ndi ofanana. Izi zikuchitira umboni kuti pali mgwirizano waukulu komanso umodzi. Lingaliro la mtundu-ntchito nyengo ndi malo okhala. Gawoli m'magawo anali wopanda tanthauzo.
Thupi laumunthu limakula mosasamala, malinga ndi nthawi yake, malinga ndi kutumizidwa kwa manambala angapo a Fibonacci. Pafupipafupi m'moyo wa anthu ndikuwonekeratu. Mibadwo yovuta ikugwirizana ndi mndandanda wotsatira: 1,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89. Ubwana wafika pa chaka, 1-8-ubwana, 8-13-unyamata, 13-21-unyamata, 21-34-unyamata, 34-55-kukhwima, 55-89 wazaka. Pafupipafupi mibadwo ya akazi (Luc mndandanda): 1,3,4,7,11,18,29,47,76,123. Kuwana - mpaka chaka chimodzi, 1-7-ubwana, 7-11-unyamata, 11-18-unyamata, 18-29-unyamata, 29- 30, wamkulu, 47-53 wazaka. Amayi azaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 6 zapitazo kuposa abambo.
Cholinga chamuyaya cha munthu, njira ya moyo wake inali kudziyimira pawokha zachilengedwe, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi chikhumbo cha nyamayo kuti adzisunge. Mwachilengedwe, monga kusinthika kwachikhalidwe kunakulira, zimathandiza munthu kulimbitsa ufulu wake. Ntchito yakhala ikuchitika ndipo imakhalabe ntchito yamunthu, ndipo munthu ndi ntchito. Pali mbali yachilengedwe kwa munthu monga munthu payekha. Zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu pulogalamu ya chibadwidwe cha anthu ndizakuti, mikhalidwe yomweyo, anthu osiyanasiyana amabadwa omwe umunthu wawo ndi mtundu wawo wamakhalidwe umatengera ntchito ya majini ambiri. Dziwe lamtunduwu limawonedwa ngati zida zonse zowerengera zamtundu wina. Kuwunika kwa momwe chisinthiko chinapangidwira kuti chisinthiko cha zinthu zamoyo sichinathe ndi mawonekedwe a munthu, ndipo sichitha pamenepo. Masiku ano, sayansi yamakono - iyi ndi kachitidwe kovuta ka chidziwitso cha anthu - kagawo kamagawidwa m'magulu atatu: sayansi yachilengedwe, yachuma komanso zaluso. M'zaka makumi makumi awiri, kusiyana kwa sayansi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kufunikira kwa ukadaulo wapamwamba, chidziwitso cha tsatanetsatane, popanda kufufuza sikungatheke.
Poyamba, mitundu iwiri ya zosowa inali chibadidwe mwa munthu ngati chikhalidwe: chilengedwe (thupi) ndi chikhalidwe (zakuthupi ndi zauzimu). Ena amakhutitsidwa chifukwa cha ndalama zogwirira ntchito popanga chakudya, zinthu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu, zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhutiritsa anthu kwaulere, izi ndizofunikira zamadzi, mpweya, mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi zina zambiri. Izi timazitcha zomalizirazo, komanso zofunikira pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe. Anthu sangakane kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe. Zakhala zili ndipo ndizomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zikutanthauza kusinthika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zinthu zaogula. Nkhani yakugwiritsa ntchito "greening" ikhoza kufikiridwa kuchokera kuzosiyana zosiyanasiyana: wathanzi, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, zachuma. Kwa anthu aliwonse, kuwongolera phindu la momwe mungamwere ntchito ndi imodzi mwazinthu zovuta kuzichita pagulu. Pakadali pano, chitukuko chikukumana ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri kukhalapo kwake, pamene zizolowezi zachikhalidwe zimawonongeka, zikafika pomvetsetsa kuti zopempha zosawerengeka za munthu amakono zimasemphana kwambiri ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zofunikira za aliyense - kusunga malo okhala amoyo wathanzi. Mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chitukuko, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kuchitapo kanthu, kufunafuna malingaliro atsopano okhudza chitukuko cha anthu.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zamoyo
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ecology - imawerengera njira zakuwonongera zachilengedwe ndi munthu, njira zoletsa njirayi ndikupanga mfundo zakugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zachilengedwe. Maziko a sayansi ndi machitidwe a malamulo apazachilengedwe, malamulo ndi mfundo.
Ntchito Yogwiritsa Ntchito "ikuyenera kuthana ndi mavuto azomwe amayang'anira zachilengedwe, kudziwa katundu wovomerezeka, kupanga njira zowongolera chilengedwe (njira zachilengedwe) ndi njira" zobiriwira "zochitika zosiyanasiyana za anthu.
Mavuto akulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe chilengedwechi amafunika kuthana nawo pakadali pano ndi awa:
kuneneratu komanso kuwunika zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi anthu,
kukonza chilengedwe zachilengedwe,
kusamalira, kubereka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zinthu zachilengedwe.
kukhathamiritsa kwa uinjiniya, chuma, mabungwe, malamulo, zikhalidwe ndi zina zotheka kuwonetsetsa kuti zachilengedwe zikuyenda bwino, makamaka m'malo ovutikapo kwambiri.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo la zachilengedwe, zotsatira za kafukufuku zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi mavuto a chitetezo cha chilengedwe (chitetezo kuteteza chilengedwe ndi oopsa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe, ukadaulo wapamwamba m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma, etc.). Pakadali pano, pazomera zogwiritsidwa ntchito, madera otsatirawa akutukuka bwino: maofesi (mainjiniya), ukadaulo, zaulimi, zamankhwala, mankhwala, zosangalatsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Zambiri
- Kutulutsa Nambala 1 kwa 2020 kumasulidwa.
- Msonkhano wa XV All-Russian Sayansi ndi othandiza ndi Mgwirizano wa Mayiko "Zachilengedwe cha komweko: mavuto ndi mayankho" zichitika Meyi 18 mwanjira ya pa intaneti. Pitani ku
- Epulo 18 ku Institute of Chemistry and Ecology of Vyatka State University adachita mtunda wa Olympiad mu organic chemistry kwa ophunzira m'masukulu ophunzitsira ndi Kirov ndi dera la Kirov. Anapezedwa ndi ana asukulu 90 ochokera ku KOGOBU Lyceum No. 9 a Slobodsky, "Kirov Cadet Corps adatchulidwa pambuyo pa Hero wa Soviet Union A.Ya. Oparin", MOAU "Lyceum No. 21", MKOU "Center for Education yotchedwa. A. Nekrasov ”, KOGOAU LEN, MBOU sekondale ndi UIOP No. 30, mudzi wa sekondale wa KOGOBU. Arbazh, KOGOBU SSH ndi mudzi wa UIOP. Kilmez, Moscow State Educational Institution "Lyceum ndi Makalasi a Cadet otchedwa G. S. Shpagin", Vyatskiye Polyany, Kirov Region, MOAU sekondale ndi UIOP No. 37, Sukulu ya sekondale ya KOGOBOU yokhala ndi UIOP No, KOBU sekondale ndi UIOP No 1 Kotelnich. etc. Komanso ophunzira 24 ochokera ku ACT ya Kirov - KOGPOBU "Kirov Medical College", Kirov College of Music dzina lake atatha I. V. Kazenin, KOGPOBU "Vyatka Magalimoto ndi Industrial College". Institute of Chemistry and Ecology ikuthokoza kwambiri aphunzitsi ndi aphunzitsi omwe adakonzekeretsa anawo kuti atenge nawo gawo mu Olympiad munthawi yovutayi yodziyimira pawokha m'dziko lonselo.
Opambana: Kasimova Alina Kasymovna, KOGOBU Lyceum №9 wa Slobodsky ndi Vinokurov Egor Alekseevich, "Kirov Cadet Corps adatchedwa Hero of the Soviet Union A.Ya. Oparin" - Okondedwa olemba zolemba m'Chingerezi chilankhulo. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulumikizire mtundu wa nkhaniyi ku Russia ngati fayilo yowonjezera mu akaunti yanu.
- Okondedwa olemba ndi owerenga magazini!
Tikufulumizirani kukudziwitsani kuti magazini ya "Theoretical and Applied Ecology" kuyambira chaka cha 2019 yalowa mkatikati ya pulatifomu ya Science of Science Core Collection - Emerging Source Cation Index (ESCI), komanso ma database a Biological Abstracts ndi BIOSIS Previews. Nkhani zochokera ku 2017 ziziikidwa muzosintha. - Pamafunso okhudzana ndi ntchito ya tsambalo komanso akaunti yanu, lembani kokha potumiza maimelo: [email protected]. Kumawebusayiti ena osayankha.
Ntchito yomaliza pamutu womwewo
Industrial ecology ndi nthambi yokhazikitsa zinthu zomwe zimawerengera momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito komanso chilengedwe, komanso, kuthana ndi chilengedwe pa ntchito zamabizinesi ndi matekinoloje. Momwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe zamagulu, njira zimaphunziridwanso kuti muchepetse kusayipa kwa makampani pazachilengedwe pokonza maukadaulo, malo othandizira, mfundo zoyendetsera zinyalala, ndi zina.
Kulima zachilengedwe ndi gawo la zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimayang'anira zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ulimi. Asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito m'mundamu akuyesera kupanga njira zomwe zithandizire kuchepetsa zoyipa zachilengedwe pomwe akupeza zinthu zofunikira kwambiri paulimi. Momwe ntchitozi zimapangidwira, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe feteleza wamankhwala ndimabakidwe, kuphukira kwa nthaka kumachitika, komanso msipu wa ziweto.
Katswiri wazachilengedwe monga nthambi yachilengedwe imagwirira ntchito posachedwapa, limafufuza momwe chilengedwe ndi umisiri zimagwirira ntchito. Asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito m'mundamu akuwerenga mfundo za kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe kazachilengedwe, akuganiza njira zoyang'anira makina oterowo, poganizira chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Ntchito yayikulu ya uinjiniya wachilengedwe ndikupanga njira zachilengedwe m'malo a mafakitale zachilengedwe.
Medical ecology ndi nthambi ya zikhalidwe yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe imawerengera momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira thanzi la munthu. Maziko a zachilengedwe azachipatala amapangidwa ndi sayansi monga toxology, epidemiology, biochemistry, chemistry. Akatswiri azachilengedwe pazachipatala amasanthula mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa matenda a anthu ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe. Malinga ndi WHO, 45% yaumoyo wa anthu imadalira chilengedwe. Medical ecology imazindikira kuopsa kwa katundu wa anthropogenic, imasankha momwe chilengedwechi chingakhalire otetezedwa, kupezeka ndikuzindikira matenda omwe amadza chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe.
Chemical ecology ndi nthambi yakagwiritsidwe ntchito yomwe imapenda momwe mankhwala omwe amalowa m'chilengedwe amathandizira, momwe amachepetsera kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi momwe angachepetse kuwonongeka kwawo. Chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amalowa m'malo, chilengedwe, madzi ndi nthaka zimadwala. Kamodzi m'madzi, dothi ndi mlengalenga, ma kemikali onse owopsa awa amawononga poizoni wa zinthu zamoyo, makamaka anthu.
Ecology yakumizinda ndi gawo la zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zimawerengera momwe magwiridwe am'mizinda komanso zachilengedwe zimachitikira. M'madera akumatauni mulinso chikhalidwe, luso, chidziwitso. Chofunikira chowerengera zachilengedwe cham'mizinda ndi machitidwe azinthu zam'mizinda zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimawakhudza.
Masamu ndi chilengedwe chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimathetsa mavuto azachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ndi njira za masamu. Mwachitsanzo, chilengedwe cha masamu chimawerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mu dongosolo lamalangizo awa pali chiphunzitso cha masamu cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mu lingaliro ili, mphamvu za kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu zimafotokozedwa mwanjira yopanga masamu ndi masiyanidwe osiyanasiyana.
Ecology echilengedwe ndi gawo la zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimasanthula kuyanjana kwa chilengedwe ndi zinthu zachuma. Zachilengedwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, nthaka ndi madzi, kuthandiza kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zachilengedwe mwanzeru ndikukhala ndi mfundo zokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu.
Kukonzekera mwalamulo ndi gawo la zachilengedwe zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito popanga malamulo oteteza chilengedwe. Zachilengedwe zalamulo zimateteza chilengedwe ndipo zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha chilengedwe kwa anthu.
Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Ecology
Njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito chilengedwe ndi izi:
- njira yofikira
- njira yachilengedwe
- njira yoyesera
- njira yofanizira
- kulembetsa ndi kuwunika njira
- kuyang'anira
- Njira yowerengera zolengedwa, njira zowunika zotsalira zazomera ndi zipatso
- kafukufuku wa cybernetic ndi njira yofanizira masamu
Njira yothandizira ndi gawo lalikulu la kafukufuku wazachilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti pafupifupi chilichonse chofufuzira zachilengedwe chimakhala ndi dongosolo. Munjira mwadongosolo, mfundo zonse za mawunikidwe ndi kupanga zimayenderana.
Imodzi mwa yoyamba pa kafukufuku wazachilengedwe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolembetsera ndikuwunika, nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira momwe chilengedwe chiri. Zitsanzo za njira yowerengera ndi izi:
- muyeso wa kutentha kwa mpweya, madzi,
- muyeso chinyezi
- kusanthula kwa mpweya, madzi, nthaka,
- muyeso wama uwanja
- kupanikizika kwamlengalenga:
- kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa kwa madzi, mpweya, dothi.
Njira imodzi yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito chilengedwe ndi kuyang'anira momwe zinthu ziliri, ndiko kuwunika momwe madzi, mpweya, nthaka zilili.
Maziko a kafukufuku wamadera achilengedwe ndi njira zowerengera zachilengedwe ndi njira zowunika zotsalira zazomera ndi zipatso. Pakuwongolera mkhalidwe wazachilengedwe, kuletsa kufa kwa nyama ndi zomera, anthu amawerengedwa m'malo ena, kugwidwa kumawerengeredwa, ndipo manambala amayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito telemetry.
Zoyeserera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira zochita za zinthu zachilengedwe pazinthu zamoyo. M'malo ochitira labotale, zinthu zimayenderana ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe chimayambitsa chamoyo, ndiye kuti asayansi amafufuza malinga ndi zomwe zikupezeka zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimakhalapo zomwe sizabwino.
Njira za cybernetic komanso masamu pazachilengedwe zimathandizanso pakukula kwa chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri azachilengedwe amayenera kuthana ndi mavuto osaneneka ambiri, chifukwa chake asayansi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Maziko a njirayi ndi ukadaulo wamakono wamakompyuta.
Chifukwa chopanga mapulogalamu, makompyuta lero ayambanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto azachilengedwe. Makamaka njirazi ndizoyenererana kuti zithetse mavuto apadziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadziko lonse lapansi. Njirazi zitha kuthandiza kulosera chitukuko chapadziko lonse.
Mapu Olemba
Oyambitsa magazini: LLC Publishing House "Foloko ya Tuning", FSBEI HE "Vyatka State University"
Wofalitsa: Kampani Yopanda Ngongole Yochepa O-Brief
Nkhaniyi idalembetsedwa ndi Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology ndi Mass Communications.
Nambala yolembetsa ndi tsiku la chisankho pakulembetsa: PI mndandanda No. FS77-74434 ya Novembara 23, 2018
Zolemba zimayang'aniridwa. Kusindikiza popanda chilolezo chosindikiza sikuletsedwa, zolembedwazi zimafunikanso kutchula. Okonza alibe udindo pakulondola kwa zidziwitso zomwe zili zotsatsa.