Giredi: Tizilombo (Tizilombo)
Order / Order: Phasmatodea (Ghostbusters, kapena ndodo)
Suborder / Order: Verophasmatodea
Malo: Areolatae
Zabwino Kwambiri: Phyllioidea
Banja: Phylliidae (Mwakutali)
Subfamily: Phylliinae
Chuma: Phylliini
Jenda: Phyllium
Onani: Phyllium bioculatum (tsamba la Javanese)
Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za East India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Seychelles ndi Mauritius. Mitundu yamitengo, imakhala m'nkhalango zamvula.
Miyeso zazikazi 7, amuna 5 cm.
Kugonana kwamanyazi kutchulidwa - amuna ndi akazi a mapiko, koma amuna ndi owonda, amakongoletsa kwambiri ndipo mapiko awo ndiwotalikirapo, kuwonjezera apo, amakhala ndi tinyanga tambiri ndipo amatha kuuluka.
Colouring - wobiriwira, chikasu, bulauni.
Masamba masamba ndi zitsanzo zowoneka bwino za phytomimicry - amalemba tsamba momveka bwino.
Mwachilengedwe, amadya masamba a guava ..
Pakumangidwa, amadya hibiscus, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa (kuphatikiza Chinese), mabulosi akuda, rasipiberi, hawthorn, mbande za oak.
Simungadyetse masamba masamba ndi masamba owuma!
Fomu ya partenogenetic imagawidwa makamaka mchikhalidwe, ndiye kuti, akazi amayikira mazira osabereka, omwe azimayi okha amawaswa. Ndodo zatsopano zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, koma wokhala ndi thupi lotambalala - amadzisintha ngati masamba ang'ono. Pamene zimakula, "zimasanduka zobiriwira", ngakhale kumapeto kwamimba kumakhalabe kutuwa, chofanana ndi tsamba louma lomwe limakalamba.
Terrarium pagulu lamapepala akuluakulu, liyenera kukhala lalikulupo, kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 malita, kutengera kukula kwa gululi. Malo ochitirako masewerawa akhale amtundu wokhazikika. Pansipa muyenera kuyika makulidwe a peat kapena humus (5 - 7 cm), ndikofunikira kuti mukhale chinyezi. Pansi ndikofunikira kuyika nthambi, mipesa, ndi mbewu zokumba. Ziwawa zimatha kusungidwa mumapulasitiki apulasitiki. Mabowo olowera mkatikati amafunika.
Kutentha: 24 - 26 madigiri.
Chinyezi: 75 - 80%.
Kuwala zachilengedwe - maola 8 mpaka 10 patsiku, makamaka padzuwa.
Utali wamoyo kuyambira pomwe amaswa - chaka.
Zimakhala zovuta kupereka masamba atsopano odyetsa nthawi yozizira.
Kufotokozera
Mtundu waukulu wa tizilombo ndi zobiriwira zowala, koma palinso mitundu ya mitundu yachikasu ndi lalanje. M'mitundu yambiri, mtundu umakhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena a bulauni m'mphepete mwa thupi, omwe amapanga kufanana ndi tsamba. Kukongola kwa kugonana kumafotokozedwa, akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo ndipo nthawi zina amakhala osiyana nawo mawonekedwe amthupi. Kutalika kwakekera masentimita 12,5. Thupi la akazi ndilotakata komanso lathyathyathya, ndipo amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mapiko ataliitali ophimba thupi lonse. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo pang'ono, abambo amitundu yambiri amatha kuuluka, koma atatalikirana kwambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yambiri amakhala pamasamba amitengo ndi zitsamba, zomwe amatsanzira ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo, komanso omwe amadya nawo.
Akazi amatha kubereka gawohenogenetically, i.e. wopanda wamwamuna. Mwachitsanzo, Phyllium giganteum Imayimiridwa makamaka ndi akazi a parthenogenetic, ndipo amuna ndi osowa kwambiri. Akazi amaikira mazira awiri patsiku, omwe mtundu ndi mawonekedwe amafanana ndi mbewu za chomera. Mazira akafika pagulu lonyowa, khungu lawo limayamba kuda.
05.08.2018
Giant wokhala ndi masamba (Phyllium giganteum) - tizilombo tambiri kuchokera ku Palochnikov, kapena Przedenyev (Phasmatodea). Ndi wa banja la a Listotelian (Phylliidae). Chozizwitsa chodabwitsa ichi ndi chofanana ndi tsamba la mtengo.
Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1984 ndi Burghard Hausleitner wa ku Austria. M'mabuku a Chingerezi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Giant Malaysian Leaf Insect.
Mwa mawonekedwe ake achilendo, kachilomboka kamafanana ndi tsamba la masamba aku Philippines (Phyllium philippinicum), koma limafanana ndi nthawi imodzi ndi theka kukula kwake, mpaka kukula kwa 10-12 cm. Ndodo zonsezi ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda nyama zosowa.
Kufalitsa
Mitundu ya masamba akuluakulu imakhala m'malo achilengedwe ku Malaysia. Imapezeka ku Cameron Highlands yokha, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo pamtunda kuchokera 800 mpaka 1600 m pamwamba pamadzi. Dera lomwe anthu amakhala m'derali sapitirira 500 metres. km
Dera limakhala lotentha kwambiri kwa malo otentha. Masana, matenthedwe amlengalenga samakwera pamwamba pa 24 ° C, ndipo usiku umatha kutsika mpaka 14-15 ° C. Mvula yamvula pachaka imafika 2740 mm. Chaka, mvula imagwa pafupifupi masiku 190.
Tizilombo timeneti timakhala m'mitengo ndi zitsamba zazomera masamba. Ndikosavuta kulakwitsa kuti tsamba lanyengo likupendekera mumphepo.
Khalidwe
Masana masana, chimtengo sichikhazikika. Zindikirani pakati pa masamba ndizosatheka. Kupangitsa kuti mimicry ambuye awa azisuntha masana kumakhalanso kovuta kwambiri. Imayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi nthawi yamadzulo.
Chakudyachi chimakhala ndi masamba a nthochi (Musaceae), mango (Mangifera) ndi guava (Psidium). Pocheperapo pang'ono, masamba azomera kuchokera ku banja la Rosaceae amadyedwa. Zokonda zimaperekedwa masamba akale.
Nymphs pamaso pa molt woyamba, mosiyana ndi anzawo akale, amasankha masamba achichepere, akudya mozungulira mbali zawo zachifundo kwambiri.
Pogwidwa, akuluakulu amapanga phokoso lachilendo mothandizidwa ndi zida zoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Imafanana ndi kulira kwa njuchi ndipo imawopseza adani ambiri. Mbalame ndi zouluka zimagwira nyama. Mibulu imakonda kugwidwa ndi akangaude.
Kuswana
Kubereka kumeneku kumachitika makamaka popanda kutenga amuna. Njira yolerera imeneyi imatchedwa parthenogeneis.
Akazi okha ndi omwe amabadwa, nthawi zina amatchedwa ma clones a amayi.
Parthenogenesis imathandizira kukhalabe ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu, kuchepetsa kwambiri masinthidwe osafunikira amtundu wathu. Mwamuna amene wapeza bwino atapeza umuna, ndiye kuti pakati pa ana ake padzakhala amuna.
Amuna ena sangathe kubereka. Ambiri aiwo amakhala m'masiku ochepa, ochepa okha amakhala ndi sabata limodzi.
Pambuyo molt womaliza, wamkazi amaikira mazira osakwana 5 a 8x4 mm kukula kwake ndipo masekeli 34 mg milungu itatu iliyonse. Amapakidwa utoto, wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wakuda.
Nymphs zofiirira ngati 20mm kutalika kwa miyezi 8-12 mutayikira mazira. Pambuyo pa molt woyamba, amapeza mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umayamba kukula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Zimakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi chaka.
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino pamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oyenera. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala kutentha kuchokera pa 22 ° C mpaka 26 ° C, komanso chinyezi pafupifupi 80%. Nthawi yomweyo, kukoka kwa mpweya watsopano kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa.
Pofuna kusintha mpweya wabwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipata chamadzimadzi chokhala ndi matope omata ndipo mutaphimbidwa ndi utoto, kapena kuyika mphamvu yocheperako pafupi ndi maola angapo. Kamphepo kabwinoko usiku kumalimbikitsa tizirombo kuti tizikadyetsa.
Kwa akuluakulu, mankhwala ophera 40x40x50 masentimita ndi okwanira.
Nthambi zimayikidwa mmenemo, pomwe ziweto zizipuma masana. Peat kapena moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi. Zithandiza kukhala ndi chinyezi choyenera.
Popewa kufinya, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nkhonya (Colombola) zizikulidwe. Zilombozi zimatenga gawo la madongosolo mwa kudya zinyalala za chomera, nkhungu, ndi ndowe.
Masamba a thundu (Quercus), rasipiberi (Rubus idaeus), m'chiuno cha rose (Rosa) ndi zipatso zamtchire (Rubus fruticosus) zimaperekedwa kwa ziweto.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 80-120. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo umasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu kapena kutuwa pang'ono.
Maonekedwe a thupi amafanana ndi tsamba la thundu. M'mphepete mwake muli mawanga ofiira. Akazi amakula mpaka 10 cm, ndipo amuna samaposa masentimita 8. Amuna ali ndi mapiko ndipo amatha kuwuluka. Zimakhala zakuda kuposa zazikazi ndipo zimakhala ndi tinyanga totalikirapo.
Akazi a chimphona chachikulu chokhala ndi masamba akulu kuposa abambo komanso masamba. Nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo imatha kufikira miyezi 10.
Kuwoneka kwa tsamba la Javanese
Kutalika kwa tsamba la chikazi wachikulire wa Javanese ndi masentimita 7, ndipo amuna samaposa masentimita 5 kutalika.
Mbali yodziwika ndi tsamba la tsamba la Javanese, poyerekeza ndi ena oimira amtunduwu, ndi malo ang'onoang'ono awiri pamimba ya bulauni ndi madontho ofiira. Chifukwa cha elytra yotakata, tizilombo timeneti timawoneka ngati masamba.
Tsamba la Javanese (Phyllium bioculatum).
Maonekedwe obisika a tsamba la Javanese ndiwodabwitsa modabwitsa, simungathe kuzindikira kuti ndi malo obiriwira, izi zobisika zimafotokozedwa ndikuti tizilombo timeneti timateteza kwathunthu pamaso pa adani: sizigwira ntchito, sizingokhala mwankhanza komanso sizoyipa.
Akazi achikulire ali ndi mapiko, koma sagwiritsa ntchito mapiko. Amuna, pamimba ndilochepa, ali ndi mapiko autali omwe amaphimba pamimba. Khola la amuna limakhalanso lalitali kangapo kuposa la akazi.
Tizilombo timeneti timasungidwa muntchire wamba wamtundu, momwe mpweya wabwino umayenera kuperekedwera.
Leaglets imakhala moyo wawo wonse pamasamba a mitengo ndi tchire, omwe amatsanzira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo, komanso omwe amadya nawo.
Masamba a tsamba la Javanese amasungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 24-26, ndipo kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino amafunika kuyatsa kwa maola 8-10, makamaka ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe.
Kudyetsa masamba
Masamba a masamba aku Javanese amadyetsedwa ndi masamba a rasipiberi, thundu ndi masamba abulosi, ndipo amatha kupatsidwanso masamba a sitiroberi, guayaves, privet.
Tizikumbukira kuti mitundu yaying'ono yamasamba imakonda masamba osalala, koma osapatsidwa masamba omwe amangophuka kumene, chifukwa amakhala ndi poizoni ndi tizilombo.
Simungadyetse masamba owerengeka, kotero muyenera kuthana ndi vuto la chakudya cha nthawi yozizira: muyenera kubzala zitsamba zamtchire zamtchire ndi kumera mitengo yazipatso. Tizikumbukira kuti posintha kwambiri chakudya, kachilombo amatha kufa, motero, masamba a masamba amaphunzitsidwa kuti azidyetsa pang'onopang'ono.
Kubala mitundu ya masamba a Javanese
Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe a parthenogenetic amapezeka ndizipamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zazikazi zimayikira mazira osabereka, ndipo zazomphanso zazikazi pambuyo pa miyezi 4-6.
Poyamba, mtundu wa masamba amtunduwu ndi wofiirira, ukamakula umakula.
Anthu obadwa kumene amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Thupi lawo ndi lokwera komanso lathyathyathya, motero amadzisintha ngati masamba ang'ono.
Mphutsi zimasiyana ndi achikulire, zimakumbukira kwambiri nyerere zosowa. Ndi zaka, mtundu umakhala wamtundu wobiriwira, ndipo nsonga yamimba idakali yotuwa, kotero kuti mawonekedwe-tsamba amafanana ndi tsamba louma. Kuyambira pomwe zimaswa, tizilomboti timakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
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