Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Zowoneka zazing'ono kuposa oatmeal wamba, wamfupi komanso wofanana. Miyendo ndi yocheperako komanso yofooka, mulomo sakhala wokulirapo, wamtunda, wokhala ndi wowongoka kapena wowoneka bwino pang'onopang'ono komanso malire osatchulidwa pakati pa mulomo ndi woyenera. Kutalika kwa thupi 15-18 masentimita, kulemera kwa 16-30 g, mapiko a 23-29 cm. Khalidwe limafanana ndi oatmeal wamba.

Kufotokozera. Kumbuyo kwake ndi mapiko ake amakhala opanda zofiirira, pansi ndi ofiirira. Mutu ndi chifuwa chaimuna zimayera ndi mbewa. Yaikazi imakhala yofooka, mutu umakhala wofiirira wa maolivi, malire amaso amtundu wofiyira ndi "otsekeka" ndi miyendo yakuda yakutali, ma toni achikasu amanjenjemera. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zodumphira, zachikaso zachikaso ndi zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa ndi ooker komanso wotuwa. Masamba oyera pamizere iwiri ya nthenga za mchira ndi chowulungika m'malo mopindika. Mukuvala konse, zimasiyana ndi oatmeal wamba posakhala mawonekedwe amdima mbali ya mutu ndi chipewa, mphete yowala yowoneka bwino kuzungulira diso. Kuchokera patali, mlomo wofiira komanso miyendo imawonekeranso. Mbalame youluka imasiyana ndi oatmeal wamba okhala ndi kamvekedwe kofewa (kamvekedwe kamodzi ndi kumbuyo) mmunsi ndikusintha kosiyana kwa malo oyera pamchira.

Voterani. Nyimbo yomwe idali munjirayi ndi yofanana ndi nyimbo ya oatmeal wamba, koma mwachidule, nthawi yotseka imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi nyimbo ya Dubrovnik - "Zir-Zir-Zir-Zyu. "kapena"Zomwe-zimachita-lyuyu. ", Syllable yomaliza nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kuposa yakale. Kuitana, kulira kwa nkhawa - mokweza "tiv», «kumwa», «tsiv", Monga chofinira, osati chizolowezi wamba cha oatmeal.

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Zoweta kuchokera ku Western Europe kupita kudera la Baikal, Mongolia, Iran, Middle East. Ku Scandinavia kumafika kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle, ku Russia - kukafika kumalire a taiga akumwera. Kusamukira, nyengo yachisanu kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Dera ndilofala kumwera kwa nkhalango.

Moyo. Imakonda malo okongola (makamaka anthropogenic munkhalango). Awa ndi m'mbali, mitengo yolumikizira mitengo, malamba akunkhalango, malo opanda maudzu. Amakhalanso m'mapiri omwe ali ndi zitsamba, mapiri owuma. Imafika nthawi ya masamba, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo. Zomera pansi, zokutidwa ndi makatani a udzu. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 4-6 ndi kuwala, ndi pinki, bulauni kapena utoto wofiirira, womwe umakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, ma curls ndi mizere. Mkazi yekha ndi amene amamanga chisa ndipo chimagwira, makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 11-13, ndipo kudyetsa anapiye mu chisa kumatenga masiku 8-10. Pali ana amodzi okha pa nyengo. Kunyamuka kumayambira pakati pa Ogasiti ndipo kumatha mu Seputembara.

Ndege zokhala patali zimadziwika pagombe la Black Sea ku Caucasus oatmeal wofiyiraEmberiza caesia. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula, kupaka utoto, mawu, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi munda wa oatmeal. Amasiyana pakhungu la imvi (kuchokera pachimuna kupita pamtambo) wamutu ndi chifuwa (wopanda mutu wobiriwira wa maolivi), osati wachikasu (lalanje mwaimuna, wopepuka m'mutu wachikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono) "masharubu" ndi mmero, mphete yoyera ya orbital, ndi chiuno chofiirira.

Kummawa kwa Caucasus, m'mapiri owuma ndi mapiri otsika ndi zitsamba, poyimitsa miyala ndi miyala, adapezeka mwala, kapena mwala, oatmealEmberiza buchanani. Powonjezera, kukula, mtundu wa utoto, mtundu wa mulomo ndi miyendo, ndiwofanana ndi oatmeal ya m'munda, koma mulibe matayala amtundu wachikasu ndi maula, mafunde kumbuyo kwake amakhala opanda mawonekedwe, masharubu ndi mphete ya orbital ndiyoyera, palibepo imvi. Mutu waimuna umakhala wamtambo wonyezimira, wamkazi samakhala pachifuwa pachifuwa, mbalame zazing'ono zimawonekanso. Kuitana, monga munda oatmeal, nyimbo yokhala ndi mathero ena - "ziv-ziv-ziv-tyur-dash».

Kulima MundaEmberiza hortulana)

Tsamba la munda wam'munda (m'mbuyomu - munda wa Hazyanka)

Gawo lonse la Belarus

Banja la Oatmeal - Emberizidae.

Mitundu ya Monotypic, siyopanga subspecies.

Kanyumba kakang'ono kosamukira komanso koyenda. Amagawidwa kwambiri mowuma kumwera kwa republic (nthawi zambiri kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Polesie).

Wamng'ono kuposa oatmeal wamba. Kukula kwa mpheta, chofanana ndi icho paziwongola thupi, mchira wokha ndi womwe ndi wawutali. Wamphongo amakhala ndi kumtunda ndi mbali za mutu, komanso chifuwa, ashen-imvi, ndipo pakhosi pakaso pake. Kumbuyo ndi mchira wake ndi bulanje la maolivi wokhala ndi timizere tating'ono tachikuda, mchira ndipo nthenga zouluka zimakhala zofiirira. Chifuwa chapamwamba ndi m'mimba ndizafiyira njerwa, mulomo ndi miyendo yake ndi pinki. Zachikazi ndizofanana ndi zachimuna, koma mawonekedwe amitunduyi ndiwofatsa. Yaikazi imakhala ndi mutu ndi chifuwa m'miyala yakuda yayitali, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono sizimakhalanso ndi timitengo tofiyira m'matumbo a bere. Kulemera kwa yamphongo ndi 19-26 g, chachikazi ndi 18-25 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse ndi 16-16,5 cm, mapiko ndi 24 cm cm. Kutalika kwa mapiko a amuna ndi 8-9 cm, mchira ni 6-7.5 cm, 1.7-2 cm, mulomo wa 1 cm. Kutalika kwa mapiko a akazi ndi 8 cm, mchira 6.5 cm, tarsus 1.9-2 cm, mulomo 1 cm.

Nyimboyi ndi yaphokoso, ya nyimbo, ndipo imakhala ngati belu likugwedezeka kapena belu.

Imakhala pamalo otseguka okhala ndi mitengo yayitali, yopanda zitsamba osati udzu wandiweyani. Amakongoletsa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi zitsamba pakati paminda. Mulinso m'minda, malo osefukira am mitsinje ndi malo a dimba ambiri, m'malo otetezedwa ndi chipale chofewa mumisewu yayikulu, m'malo opezeka matalala ndi tchire tambiri ndi maudzu.

Mu kasupe amafika ndikuwuluka theka lachiwiri la Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Amuna ndi oyamba kufika ndipo atangofika amayamba kuimba.

Masiku angapo atafika, oatmeal wa m'munda amasankha malo odyera ndikuyamba kumanga chisa. Zoweta m'magulu awiriawiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutali kwambiri. Komabe, pazaka zina m'malo ena amatha kukhala malo okhala kwambiri.

Imamanga chisa pansi, nthawi zambiri m'minda yazomera, pamunda wammunda, pakati pa udzu wocheperapo pansi pa chitsamba kapena tchire laudzu, pansi pa dongo. Mofunitsitsa ali ndi chisa pamalo osasinthika: pamalo otsetsereka a chigwa, ngalande kapena dzenje. Kuti amange chisa, amasankha bowo lakuya kwambiri kuti m'mphepete mwake pamakhala nthaka. Zomwe zimamangidwa ndi mapesi owuma ndi masamba a phala, mizu yopyapyala, ndi masamba owuma nthawi zina. Zingwezo ndizochulukirapo (mpaka ma 1.5 masentimita) ndipo zimakhala ndi mizu, tsitsi lahatchi, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi nthenga. Kukula kwapakati pa chisa: mainchesi 13,4 cm, kutalika kwa chisa 5.2 cm, thireyi kuya 3.7 cm, mainchesi 6.8 cm.

Mukugoneka kwathunthu mazira 4-6 (nthawi zambiri 5). Chipolopolocho chimakhala chofiyira, choyera, chokhala ndi imvi, chofiirira, nthawi zina chimakhala chamtambo kapena chofiirira. Pamalo pake, mawanga, madontho, mizere yopotomoka sichimabalalika kwenikweni: zazikuluzikulu zakumaso (zakuda, zakuda-zofiirira kapena zakuda zofiirira) ndi zazing'ono zakuya (zopepuka ndi za-violet-imvi kapena pinki-violet). Kukula kwa dzira 2.6 g, kutalika 18-20 mm, mainchesi 15 mm.

Mbalame imayamba kuyikira mazira mkati mwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Pali m'bale m'modzi mchaka, popeza kukhalapo kwa magulu awiriwo sikunakhazikikike. Pankhani ya kufa masonry, imabwerezedwa. Yaikazi imagwira masiku 11-12. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiye.

Pafupifupi masiku 10, osadziwa kuuluka, anapiye amwazika chisa ndi kumwazikana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ana onse asaphedwe.

Magulu a mbalame zazing'ono amapezeka kumapeto kwa June - Julayi kumapiri amtsinje. Tisananyamuke m'dzinja, maluwa omwe amabzala m'munda sakhala masango akulu.

Kutuluka kwa dimba kwa oatmeal ku Belarus kumagwa theka lachiwiri la Seputembala - theka loyamba la Okutobala.

Amadyetsa njere za mbeu zosiyanasiyana, pomwe amadyetsa anapiyewo amasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zake.

Chiwerengero cha oatmeal m'munda ku Belarus chikuyembekezeredwa awiriawiri ndi awiriawiri mpaka anayi mpaka 400, kutengera kuyerekeza kwaposachedwa kwa awiriawiri awiri - 2-5. Ziwerengero zake zimasiyanasiyana pachaka.

Mitunduyi yaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Belarus kuyambira 1993. Zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri ndikusintha kwa ma agrolandscapes, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa maoppopu, makatani amtchire ndi zitsamba pakati paminda ndi mitengo.

Zaka zoyambira kwambiri zolembedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 6 miyezi 10.

1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Ufumu wa nyama ku Belarus. Vertebrates: zolembalemba. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.

2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Mbalame za ku Belarus: Buku Lotsogolera la Nied ndi Mazira" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.

3. Gaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I V. "Zachilengedwe zam'madzi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.

4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Mbalame za ku Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.

5. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) Mndandanda wazaka zazitali za mbalame zaku Europe.

Kufotokozera

Kugawidwa m'maiko ambiri ku Europe ndi West Asia. Mukugwa, amasamukira kudera lotentha la Africa, kubwerera kwawo kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Malo awo amakhala osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ku France, minda yazipinda zamaluwa amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi minda yamphesa, pomwe m'maiko ena sizinawonedwepo konse m'malo otere. Mtunduwo umafalikira mpaka kumpoto mpaka ku Scandinavia komanso kudutsa ku Arctic Circle, komwe mbalameyo imadyera m'minda ya chimanga ndi malo ake.

Garden oatmeal ndi 16 cm kutalika ndipo limalemera 20-25 g. Maonekedwe ndi momwe zimakhalira, amafanana ndi oatmeal wamba, koma mtundu wake umakhala wowala pang'ono. Mutu ndiwotuwa. Liwu ndilamnyimbo, nyimboyo imakhala ndi whitala angapo ndipo ndiyosavuta kuposa mawonekedwe wamba.

Zomera zili pansi kapena pafupi ndi nthaka. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulirapo, ndi mainchesi 8-12 cm.Dimba la oatmeal limayikira mazira 4-6 ndi chipolopolo chonyezimira komanso mthunzi wowonekera pang'ono wamtambo. Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 11-12. Ma chike amatuluka chisa mu theka lachiwiri la Juni.

Garden oatmeal amadya nthangala za mbewu, koma kafadala ndi tizilombo tina timadyanso anapiyewo akamadyetsa.

Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyembekezera kukhala kuthengo ndi zaka 5.8.

Gastronomy

Garden oatmeal amadyedwa ndipo amamuona ngati wapamwamba. Pachikhalidwe, kulumikizidwa m'munda kumakhala kodzikakamiza, kumatsekeka m'bokosi lakuda ndi mapira. Mdima mu mbalamezi umayambitsa chibadwa chofuna kupitiliza chakudya. Oatmeal imaphedwa pomira ku Armagnac, pambuyo pake yokazinga kwathunthu ndikuwonongeratu. Mwambo wachipembedzo wachi French wonyamula chakudya ichi umaphatikizanso kuphimba kumutu ndikudya chopukutira, chomwe chimathandizira kuti kununkhira bwino kwa mbaleyo. Mwambowu, amatanthauzira kuti kuyesera kubisa zomwe zikuchitika pamaso pa Mulungu. (Mu gawo la 6 la nyengo yachitatu ya mabiliyoni angapo, miyambo iyi ikuwonetsedwa bwino)

Kuchita kuwotcha oatmeal nakonso inali gawo la zotumiza ku Kupro.

Kusaka oatmeal koletsedwa ndi malamulo ku France kuyambira 1999, komabe, akupitiliza. Pakati pa 1997 ndi 2007, mafuta ochulukirapo a 50,000 anadyedwa ku France chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 30% achepetse

Mawonekedwe

Kukula kwa munda wa oatmeal ndi wocheperako: kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 16, ndipo kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 25 g. Ngakhale akufanana ndi mpheta, sizingatheke kusokoneza mbalame ziwirizi: Mtundu wa oatmeal wam'munda umakhala wowala kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kazinthupi ndizosiyana pang'ono: Thupi lake limakhala lalitali, miyendo ndi mchira wake ndizitali, ndipo mulomo wake umakhala waukulu.

Mtunduwu, mitundu ya utoto imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi mbalame za mbalame. M'malo ambiri odikirira, mutuwo umapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira, womwe umayenda nthenga wonyezimira kukhosi, kenako nkukhala utoto wonyezimira kumbuyo kwa mbalame, womwe umasinthidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira komanso utoto wonyezimira kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Zowoneka pamapiko ndizakuda, zofiirira.

Mphete yopepuka kuzungulira maso, komanso chibwano, khosi ndi goiter, imatha kukhala mthunzi uliwonse kuchokera kwa chikasu chowoneka bwino mpaka chikaso choyera, chomwe pang'onopang'ono chimasandulika kukhala mtengo wa maolivi wonyezimira pachifuwa cha oatmeal. Mimba ndi chovala chovala chovala chofiirira chamtambo chofiirira chamtambo. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino, ndipo maso ndi a bulauni.

Ndizosangalatsa! M'nyengo yozizira, kutuluka kwaminda kuminda kumakhala kosiyana pang'ono ndi chilimwe: mtundu wake umakhala wofowoka, ndikuwonekera m'mphepete mwa nthenga.

Mu mbalame zazing'ono, mtundu wake ndiwosalala, kuphatikiza apo, anapiye akuluakulu amakhala ndi timitengo tautali tathupi lonse ndi pamutu. Milomo yawo ndi miyendo yake ndi zofiirira, osati zofiirira, ngati abale awo achikulire.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Garden oatmeal ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimawuluka nthawi yachisanu kuti zizitentha. Nthawi yomweyo, akayamba kusamukira, monga lamulo, amagwera pakati yophukira. Kutentha, mbalame zimasiya nthawi yozizira ku Africa ndi South Asia ndikubwerera kumadera awo kuti zikapatse moyo mbadwo watsopano wamabwinja.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ma bandege oyendayenda amakonda kusamukira kum'mwera m'magulu akulu, koma amabwerera kuchokera kuzungulira, monga lamulo, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo nthawi yotentha zimagwira kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo, kutentha kumatatha pang'ono kapena kusanayambe. Monga anthu onse odutsa, malo obzala m'munda amakonda kusambira m'manja, m'mitsinje yopanda ndi m'mitsinje yopanda, ndipo atasamba amakhala pamphepete ndikuyamba kuyeretsa maula ake. Liwu la mbalamezi limatikumbutsa za kulira kwamtundu wina, koma lilinso ndi zolemba, zomwe akatswiri a ma ornithologists amatcha "kukwapula". Monga lamulo, mabatani akumunda akuyimba, akukhala pamtengo wakutali wa mitengo kapena zitsamba, kuchokera pomwe amatha kuwona momwe zinthu ziliri komanso komwe iwowo amawonekera bwino.

Mosiyana ndi mpheta, ma bondi amatha kutchedwa mbalame za sassy, ​​koma nthawi yomweyo saopa konse anthu: atha kupitiliza kuchita bizinesi yawo pamaso pa munthu. Ndipo, pakadali pano, zingakhale zothandiza kuti anthu aziopa nkhawa zakumunda, makamaka iwo omwe amakhala ku France: izi zingathandize ambiri a iwo kupewa chiyembekezo chogwidwa ndipo, chabwino, atsekereredwa m'malo osungirako zabwino, khalani chakudya chokomera malo odyera okwera mtengo.

Komabe, ali akapolo, mbalamezi zimazika mizu modzaza, ndichifukwa chake okonda nyama zakuthengo ambiri amazisunga kunyumba.. Maulendo obisika, akukhala m'khola kapena ndege, alola eni ake kuti awanyamule, ndipo ngati mbalame izi zimasulidwa kuchokera ku nguluwe, sayesa kuuluka, koma nthawi zambiri, atapanga mizere ingapo kuzungulira chipindacho, amabwerera ku khola .

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Kukula kwa amuna ndi akazi okongoletsedwa m'munda sikosiyana kwambiri, ndipo matupi awo ndi ofanana, kupatula kuti wamkazi akhoza kukhala poizuyuschee pang'ono. Komabe, kuoneka kwamisili mu mbalamezi kumawonekera bwino chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yayikulu: mwaimuna ndiowoneka bwino komanso wosiyana kwambiri ndi zazikazi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti mutu waimuna ndi wa imvi, msana ndi mchira wamaso, khosi, chotupa, chifuwa komanso m'mimba chikasu, nthawi zambiri ndimtambo wamalalanje.

Mukakongoletsa zazikazi, maonekedwe a maolivi obiriwira obiriwira amakhala wamkulu, ndipo bere lake ndi m'mimba zimayera ndi kuyera kwa maolivi wobiriwira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga zazikazi sizikhala ndi malire otchulidwa ngati achimuna. Koma chachikazi chimakhala ndi kansalu kakang'ono pa chifuwa chake, chomwe champhongo chimakhala chosawoneka.

Zofunika! Amphongo am'minda yambiri amapaka utoto wofiirira, pomwe zachikazi ndizosavuta kuzindikira ndi kamvekedwe ka maolivi obiriwira, omwe amakhala ngati amitundu.

Habitat, malo okhala

Garden oatmeal ndiofalikira ku Europe ndi West Asia. Mosiyana ndi atsikana ambiri okhala ndi nyimbo zomwe amakonda kusanja moyenera, amatha kupezeka ku Arctic.Kummwera, madera awo ku Europe amafikira mpaka ku Mediterranean, komabe, azisumbu zomwe amakhala ku Kupro kokha. Mbalamezi zimakhalanso ku Asia - kuyambira ku Syria ndi Palestine mpaka kumadzulo kwa Mongolia. Kwa nthawi yozizira, maulendo obzala m'munda amabwerera ku South Asia ndi Africa, komwe amapezeka kuyambira ku Persian Gulf mpaka North Africa yomwe.

Ndizosangalatsa! Kutengera ndi gawo la malo awo, malo okhala m'munda atha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, m'malo omwe simungawapeze kumadera ena.

Chifukwa chake, ku France, mbalamezi zimakhala pafupi ndi minda yamphesa, koma sizipezeka kwina kulikonse.. Oatmeal nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo opezeka mitengo ndipo malo otseguka. M'nkhalango zowirira, amatha kuwoneka m'mbali, m'mphepete, kapena m'mphepete mwa zitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amakhazikika m'minda - yachikhalidwe kapena yosiyidwa kale, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Mbalamezi zimapezeka kumapiri otsika, m'malo otsetsereka, komabe, sizikukwera kutali kwambiri.

Chakudya cha oatmeal cham'munda

Akuluakulu oatmeal amadya makamaka pazakudya zam'mera, koma ana amathanso kudya zakudya zazing'ono zamkati, monga ma phazi, akangaude, tizilombo, ndi nsabwe za nkhuni, pakudya. Pakadali pano, mbozi za tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, monga nenjenjete zamtchire, zimakhala chakudya chomwe amakonda. Monga momwe dzina la mbalame imatanthauzira, mbewu za oat ndizomwe zimakonda chakudya, koma oatmeal ya m'munda sakana balere, komanso mbewu za mbewu zina zamera herbaceous: bluegrass, nettle, kumtunda kwa mbalame, clover, dandelion, plantain, osayiwala, sorelo, fescue, spruce kutsamwitsidwa.

Ndizosangalatsa! Garden oatmeal amakonda kudyetsa anapiye ndi zakudya zomwe zimapezeka muzomera komanso nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, poyamba, makolo amawadyetsa ndi chakudya chofunikira kugaya, chomwe amabweretsamo goiter, kenako - ndi tizilombo tonse.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Nyengo yakuberekera mbalamezi imayamba nthawi yomweyo ikangobwerera kumene amakhala, pomwe anyaniwa amafika patapita masiku angapo kuposa anyani amphongo, omwe, azimayiwo akafika, amayamba kuyimba nyimbo, kukopa chidwi cha mbalame zakugonana.

Popeza amapangika awiriawiri, oatmeal amayamba kupanga chisa, ndipo, kuti apange maziko ake, amasankha malo ophikira pafupi ndi nthaka, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi zimayambira zowuma zazomera dzinthu, mizu yopyapyala kapena masamba owuma. Mkati mwa chisa cha mbalameyo amaphimbidwa ndi kavalo kapena tsitsi lina losaloledwa, lomwe amatha kulipeza, komabe, nthawi zina, mabatani a m'munda amagwiritsa ntchito nthenga kapena fluff pazolinga izi.

Chisa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira ndipo chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: zakunja ndi zamkati. Dawo lonse limatha kufika masentimita 12, ndipo mulifupi mwake kutalika kwamkati mpaka 6.5 masentimita. Mwakutero, chisa chimakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-4, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwake mumagwirizana ndi m'mphepete mwa dzenje momwe adakonzera.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati nyengo yadzuwa ndi yotentha, ndiye kuti nthawi yakumanga chisa ndi masiku awiri. Yaikazi imayamba dzira kugona masiku 1-2 atamaliza kumanga.

Monga lamulo, mu clutch pali mazira oyera oyera 4-5 okhala ndi mazira oyera ozizira, otsekemera ndi malo akulu akuda bulauni ngati mikwingwirima ndi ma curls. Komanso pa chipolopolo cha mazira mutha kuwona malo owoneka oyera. Pamene yaikazi imakhala pachisa, kubisalira ana amtsogolo, yamphongo imamubweretsera chakudya ndipo m'njira iliyonse imateteza ku ngozi yomwe ingachitike.

Nkhupakupa zimabadwa pafupifupi masiku 10 mpaka 14 kumayambiriro kwa kuwaswa. Amakutidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira pansi, monga malaya achichepere ambiri, mkombero wa kamlomo wawo wamkati umakhala ndi mthunzi wowala wa pinki kapena wa rasipiberi. Anapiyewo amakhala owoneka bwino, koma amakula msanga, kuti patatha masiku 12 atha kuchoka chisa chawocho, ndipo atatha masiku 3-5 amayamba kuphunzira kuwuluka. Pofika pano, anapiye ayamba kale kudya nthangala zosakhwima zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamphesa kapena masamba azomera ndipo posachedwa amatsala pang'ono kusiya zakudya zamtchire ndikubzala chakudya.

Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, ana oatmeal achichepere ndi makolo awo amasonkhana pagulu ndikukonzekera kuwuluka kumwera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zachikulire zimapukutiratu pamene maula asinthiratu ndi watsopano. Ulusi wachiwiri wa chaka ndi pang'ono, ndipo, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, zimachitika mu Januwale kapena February. Ndi iyo, m'malo mwake nthenga zazing'ono zimachitika. Kubzala m'munda kumatha kutha pafupifupi chaka, ndipo msinkhu womwewo amafunafuna wokwatirana ndi kupanga chisa.

Adani achilengedwe

Chifukwa chakuti dimba la oatmeal zisa pansi, nthawi zambiri mazira omwe amaikidwapo ndi mbalame ya mbalameyi, anapiye ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina achikulire, amakhala ogwidwa. Mwa mbalame za oatmeal, nkhumba ndi kadzidzi ndizowopsa: zoyambirira zimazisaka masana, kenako zosaka usiku. Mwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, adani achilengedwe a mbalamezi ndi nyama zolusa monga nkhandwe, magoli ndi zida.

Zofunika! Nyumba zobisika zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, mwachitsanzo, m'malo okhala anthu pang'ono kapena pafupi ndi nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutika ndi amphaka ndi agalu. Zowopsa kwa iwo m'minda yolimidwa imatha kukhala akhwangwala imvi, matsenga ndi ma jay, omwe amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Padziko lonse lapansi, chiwerengero chonse cha malo ogona chimafikira pafupifupi mamiliyoni 22, ndipo akatswiri ena a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ndi anthu osachepera 95 miliyoni. Ndikosatheka kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zotere. Komabe, titha kunena kuti, ngati nyama, kutheratu kwa munda wa oatmeal sikuwopseza, monga zikuwonekeranso ndi chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi: Chosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri.

Zofunika! Ngakhale kuti oatmeal ya m'munda ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yotukuka, m'maiko ena ku Europe ndipo, choyamba, ku France, mbalamezi zimawonedwa ngati zosowa, ngati sizowopsa.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalamezi zimangodyedwa kumayiko omwe amadyetsa maluwa, chifukwa, mwadzidzidzi, abale awo apafupi, adasowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, osati nyama zodyera, koma anthu omwe adaganiza kuti oatmeal akhoza kukhala chakudya chodyera, pokonzekera komwe ukadaulo wapadera unapangidwira ku Roma kuti uzinenepe ndikuphika nyama yakuwotchera nyama kapena kuphika.

Mtengo wa chakudya choterocho ndiwokwera, koma izi sizimayima gourmets, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa minda ku France komweko kudatsika ndi chitatu pazaka khumi. Ndipo izi zimachitika ngakhale kuti kusaka anthu otchedwa "ortholans", monga momwe mbalamezi zimatchulidwira ku Europe, kudaletsedwa kale mu 1999. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi angati omwe amabedwa ndi asodzi, koma asayansi amati chaka chopitilira chaka, anthu osachepera 50,000 amafa mwanjira imeneyi.

Ndipo ngati nkhaniyi ikukhudza kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ku France, ikhoza kukhala hafu yovuta, koma maulendo obisika, okhalamo kumayiko ena, makamaka ku Baltic States ndi Finland ndikusamukira kumwera kudutsa France kumwera, nawonso angafe. Mu 2007, mabungwe azaumoyo a zanyama adawonetsetsa kuti European Union yatenga lamulo lapadera lokhudzana ndi kutetezedwa kwa oatmeal kuchotsedwa kwawo kosalamulirika ndi anthu.

Malinga ndi malangizowa, zotsatirazi ndizoletsedwa m'maiko a EU:

• Kupha kapena kugwira kulumikizidwa m'munda ndi cholinga chofuna kunenepa ndi kupha.
• Kuwononga mwadala kapena kuwononga zisa zawo kapena mazira pachisa.
• Sungani mazira a mbalamezi kuti muzisonkhanitsa.
• Mabatani amasokonekera mwadala, makamaka akakhala otanganidwa kusaka mazira kapena kulera anapiye, chifukwa izi zitha kuchititsa kuti wamkulu atuluke m'chisa.
• Kugula, kugulitsa kapena kusunga mbalame zokhala ndi moyo kapena zakufa, komanso nyama yazodzala kapena ziwalo zathupi zomwe ndizosavuta kuzindikira.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu m'mayikowa akuyenera kufotokozera ku mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa za milandu yonse yophwanya mfundo izi zomwe adaziwona. Kubzala oatmeal sikungatchedwe kuti ndi kosafunikira, komabe kusaka kwadzaoneni kumayiko aku Europe kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi. M'mayiko ena aku France, mwachitsanzo, zatsala pang'ono kutha; ena, chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Mwamwayi, osachepera ku Russia, maulendo obisika m'munda amatha kumverera, ngati sichoncho kwathunthu, ndiye motetezeka: pambuyo pa zonse, kupatula ozunza zachilengedwe, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza mbalame pano.