• Okutobala 14, 2018
• Kusaka
• Elena Motrenko

Nguluwe zamtchire ndi nyama yayikulu yamtchire, ndipo ndi njira yabwino yolandirira osaka ambiri. Kutenga usodzi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, popeza chirombocho ndi champhamvu komanso chanzeru. Kupha nguluwe si ntchito yovuta. Asaka omwe adachita bwino amawona kupambana pa iye ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe adakwaniritsa.

Boar ndi anzeru kwambiri. Mano ake ndi kukopa munthu ndi kubisala, kenako ndi kumubisira mwadzidzidzi.

Nguluwe zakutchire: kufotokozera

Nguluwe yakuthengo ndi nyama yopanda ziboda, kapena nkhumba yakuthengo. Kusiyana kwake ndi nyama wamba kumakhala mutu waukulu komanso chimpeni, thupi lalifupi, miyendo yayitali. Makutu a nkhumba ndi owongoka, owongoka komanso wautali.

Nyama iyi ndi yayikulu. Kutalika kwake kupitirira mita imodzi. Misa - makilogalamu 150-300. Nguluwe zamtchire ndizosambira zazikulu. Amachita bwino pankhani imeneyi ndipo amatha kugonjetsa nyanja yonse. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya nkhumba zakutchire zachilengedwe.

Nguluwe imawoneka yosasangalatsa, koma, iyi ndi nyama yokalamba.

Mawu a boar amafanana ndi mkokomo wa nkhumba. Amafinya komanso kukuwa. Koma nguluwe yovulala imazunzika ili chete. Ngakhale zazikazi ndi agalu okhudzidwa samakomoka akavulala.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhumba zakuthengo kuli pafupifupi zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri zakutchire, ndipo muukapolo kumatha kukhala mpaka makumi awiri.

Habitat

Nguluwe zamtchire zimatha kupezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana ndi zitsamba, komanso marshland. M'malo oterewa, ali ndi mwayi wazidyetsa okha. Khola lofunika kwambiri kuti nyama zizikhalamo ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe. Samakonda m'derali ndi chipale chofewa. Samalekerera chisanu chachikulu - amatha kufa.

Dziwani kuti kukhala m'nkhalango ya nyama yakuthupi kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa zilombo, zopaka ubweya, komanso pansi. Mapazi ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi elk, koma ali ndi kukula kocheperako. Zingwe zazing'onoting'ono za m'mbali ndizowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi malo ambiri. Njanjiyo ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pansipa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha nkhumba zamtchire kuthengo.

Mphamvu za Boar

Nguluwe zatchire sizabwino komanso sizosangalatsa pa chakudya. Amadya chakudya chilichonse chomwe angapeze. Chuma chake chochuluka, chaching'ono ndi malo omwe amafunikira m'nkhalango kuti nkhumba zam'madzi zizikhala ndi chakudya. Amakonda zipatso, zipatso, ma acorn, mizu, tizilombo, nyama zazing'ono, anapiye. Amatha kusangalala ndi njoka zapoizoni ndi chisangalalo - poizoni wake sioyipa kwa nkhumba zakuthengo. Zakudya zamasamba ndizofala kwambiri m'zakudya za nyama.

Zakudya za nkhumba zakutchire zimatengera nthawi ya chaka: kasupe - achinyamata amadyera ndi mizu, chilimwe - zipatso, masamba, udzu. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyama yam'madzi yam'madzi imadya zipatso, bowa, mtedza ndi mbewu. Ndipo nyengo yozizira, okhutira ndi mosses, lichens, nthambi.

Munkhalangomo, nkhumba zakutchire zimadyera nyama zazing'onoting'ono, ndikupeza mizu ndi tizilombo tina pokumba pansi ndi fangs, zomwe zimatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 22.

Nguluwe imanunkhira chakudya pamtunda woposa makilomita asanu ndipo pakuya kupitirira 25 metres. Poona kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa nyamazo kuti azipeza chakudya mwachangu, anthu adayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito kufufuza bowa wokwera mtengo - truffles.

Nthawi zambiri asodzi amapeza maukonde awo wopanda kanthu atawachezera.

Mochulukirapo, chilombocho chimatha kudya zipatso zake ngati zafa kapena zitavulala.

Nguluwe imafunikira ma kilogalamu atatu mpaka 6 a chakudya patsiku. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imapeza mafuta olemera ma kilogalamu khumi ndi khumi. Izi zimamuthandiza kupulumuka nyengo yozizira.

Zizolowezi za Boar

Nguluwe zakutchire ndi nyama zowoneka bwino; zimasankha pobisalira. Masana, amapuma, kubisala m'nkhalangozi ndikudzipangira chisa chofewa cha nthambi ndi masamba.

Mu nyengo yotentha, nyama izi zimapanga "font" - dzenje lamadzi ndi matope. Ngakhale amakonda ma bafa amatope (pomwe amathawa kutentha ndi tizilombo), nkhumba zakuthengo ndi nyama zoyera.

M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimakhazikitsidwa ndikuyika masamba.

Kukumana ndi nkhumba zamtchire nthawi yamasana ndizosatheka. Koma m'masiku amtambo komanso onenepa, amatha kuyendayenda masana.

Usiku, gawo la moyo wa nyama zamtchire izi limayamba. Amapita kukasaka chakudya. Kuthengo, nkhumba zakutchire zimayenda m'nkhalango, kutengera kusamala kwake. Poona choopsa chilichonse, chilombo chija chimadikirira pobisalira.

Nguluwe zimakonda kupewa anthu ndi nyumba zawo.

Nguluwe yayikulu imakhala yokhala payokha, ndipo zazikazi zimagwirizananso m'busa.

Kukula kwake

Kutalika kwa akuluakulu a nyama zankhondo zamtchire kumafikira 175 cm, kutalika pafupifupi mita 1. Kulemera mpaka 100 kg, nthawi zina kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 200 kg.

Nyama iyi imasiyana ndi nkhumba zoweta zazifupi komanso yokhala ndi mafupa owonda, miyendo yayitali komanso yayitali, mutu wautali komanso woonda, wautali, wamakutu komanso owongoka. Ma fani okwera komanso otsika akukulira nthawi zonse ndipo akumamatirira kuchokera pakamwa.

Thupi

Khosi ndilokulira, lakuda, lalifupi, mutu ndilokulirapo, wopingika, makutu ake ndi autali, lonse, ndipo maso ndi ochepa. Kulira kwamphamvu ndi nkhumba kumayang'ana kutsogolo ndikuloleza nyamayo kuti ikumbe, ngakhale ikuzizira, mpaka akuya masentimita 151. Mchira wowongoka, wamtali 20-25 cm, wokongoletsedwa ndi burashi pachoko. Zikumveka ngati nkhumba yoweta (kukuwa ndi kufinya). Mukathamanga, kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h. Amasambira bwino.

Zomwe zimadya

Nguluwe zamtchire ndi nyama yopatsa chidwi, ndipo chizindikiritso ichi, ngati munthu. Zakudya zake zimaphatikiza zakudya zam'mera, zomwe zimasiyana nyengo (tubers, mizu, ma rhizomes, mababu, zipatso, ma acorn, mbewu, mtedza, zipatso, bowa, khungwa la mitengo, ziguduli, mphukira), komanso nyama zazing'ono zingapo (nyongolotsi, anyani, achule, abuluzi, njoka, makoswe, chitetezo, mazira a mbalame ndi mphutsi zamtchire), ndi zovunda. Zakudya zapadera zimadalira malo omwe akukhala komanso nthawi yachaka.

Pindulani

Kumasulira nthaka ndi nkhumba zakutchire kumathandizira kubzala mbewu, komanso kusinthitsanso mitengo. Komanso nyamazi zimawononga tizirombo tomwe timathandiza.

M'masiku anjala, nkhumba zakuthengo, m'malo mwake, zimapita ku mbatata ndi minda ina, ndikuvulaza ulimi, kuswa ndi kupondaponda mbewu. Nthawi zina zimawombera mbalame ndi maudzu, nthawi zina pa agwape osenda, agwape kapena agwape, ngati ali ofooka kapena akudwala.

Zomera zingapo zapoizoni ndi ululu wa njoka sizimagwira nkhumba.

Ali kuti

Kuchulukitsa kwa nkhumba zamtchire ndi kwakukulu. Mitunduyi imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana za ku Europe (kuyambira Atlantic kupita ku Urals), kudera la Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Africa, kumapiri kwa Central Asia, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Palinso zilumba zambiri zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka munyanja zonse ndi nyanja zamadzi padziko lapansi.

Khalidwe

Boar imasankhidwa ndi malo okhala ndi madzi ambiri, otumphukira, omata komanso odzala ndi mabango ndi zitsamba. Izi ndi nyama zachikhalidwe zomwe zimapanga ubweya wokhala ndi moyo wapamwamba. Amuna achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi, amalumikizana ndi ng'ombe nthawi yakukhwima.

Kusunthika kwa mawonekedwe

Nguluwe zakutchire zimayenda movutikira, koma mwachangu, zimasambira mwangwiro ndipo zimatha kusambira kwa nthawi yayitali. Masomphenya ndi osawoneka bwino: nguluwe siyimasiyanitsa mitundu, munthu amene wayimilira 15 mita kuchokera kwa iye sangaone. Yoyambira mothandizidwa ndi fungo, kukoma ndi kumva. Nguluwe zamtchire ndizosamala, koma osati zamantha, ngati zakwiya, kuvulala, kapena kuteteza ana ake, ndiye kuti amakhala woopsa komanso wankhanza.

Ntchito nthawi ndi kupuma

Popeza nyamayi imatha kusintha kutentha mwadzidzidzi, imakhazikika pamatope kuti iziteteza ku tizilombo komanso kuwotcha, ndikukhalanso kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi. Nguluwe zakutchire zimakonda kugwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo, masana zikagona m'maenje okumba mpaka 30-30 cm. Madzulo iwo amatuluka, kusamba ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya.

Progeny

Kulemera kwa nkhumba yatsopanoyi kumachokera ku 600 mpaka 1650 g. Imakhala ndi miyala, yopanda matupi oyera, a bulauni komanso achikaso omwe amabisa khanda m'tchire. Pambuyo pa miyezi 4-5, mtundu umasintha kukhala wamdima.

Wamkazi amateteza ana ake mosamala, amawateteza mwamphamvu kwa adani awo, ndipo amabwerera kwa iwo maola atatu aliwonse. M'masabata oyambilira a moyo, ana agalu amakhala mumtundu wa "chisa". Pang'onopang'ono, amayamba kuyenda ndi zazikazi, ndipo pakatha milungu itatu amayamba kudziwa zizolowezi za nkhumba zakutchire.

Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga miyezi 3.5. Mu nthawi yophukira, kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala kolemera 20-30 kg.

Adani achilengedwe

Kuphatikiza pa anthu, nguluwe zakutchire, makamaka nyama zazing'ono, zimawopsezedwa ndi nkhandwe ndi lynx, ku Asia - ndi nyalugwe ndi kambuku, komwe nthawi zina zimatsutsa amuna akuluakulu. Njoka zikuluzikulu ndi mbalame zolusa zimathanso kuukira nkhumba. Pazonse, anthu ali osasunthika komanso osawopsezedwa ndikuwonongeka kapena chiwonongeko.

Zosangalatsa

• Makolo akale a nkhumba zoweta zamasiku ano ndi nkhumba zakutchire za Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Europe ndi China, zomwe anthu adazilowetsa nthawi ya Neolithic. Malinga ndi akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja, zaka 13,000 mpaka 12,700 zapitazo, nkhumba zakutchire zinkakhala ku Middle East. Poyamba, adawasunga mu zilombo zakutchire, monga zikuchitika pano, mwachitsanzo, ku New Guinea. Zotsalira za nkhumba zidapezeka ndi asayansi ku Kupro, komwe zimatha kungopezeka kumtunda pamodzi ndi anthu. Nkhumba zoyamba zoweta zimatengedwa ku Europe kuchokera Kummawa, pambuyo pake ntchito yogwira nkhumba zakutchire ku Europe idayamba. Zinachitika mwachangu mokulira chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kupatsa chidwi kwa nkhumba zakuthengo. Nyama izi zidadulidwa chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, ndipo zikopa zawo (zopanga zikopa), mafupa (popanga zida ndi zida) ndi bristles (for brushes) adagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ku India ndi China, nkhumba zakuthengo zidadya zinyalala za anthu, ndipo zimatchedwa "zimbudzi za nkhumba."

Nguluwe m'nkhalango, muchita chiyani?

Kupita kunkhalango, muyenera kukumbukira kusamala. Nguluwe imathamanga kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kotero kukumana ndi iye kumatha kumapwetekedwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu ambiri amamwalira ndi nkhumba zakutchire kuposa nkhuku (chiwerengero 12:10). Panali nthawi zina pomwe nkhunda zimaphedwa ndi nkhumba.

Chilombochi sichimawona bwino, koma chimamva bwino kwambiri. Poona njira ya munthu wina kutchire, abuluwa amayesa kupewa kukumana.

Munthu samaphatikizidwa pakudya kwa boar. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudikirira kuukira komweko. Nyama zimamugwirira munthuyo podzivulaza yekha kapena ana awo.

Tiwerenge momwe titha kuwopsera nkhumba zolusa kuthengo ngati mungayerekeze kuyandikira. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti poyenda mokweza mawu, pangani mawu, zovala zokutira. Nyama imamva ndikuyesa kubisala.

Kugundana kosayembekezereka

Ngati njira zonse zatsatidwe zatsatidwa, koma mwadzidzidzi zowopsa sizinachitike, malamulo ena akuyenera kutsatidwa pofuna kupewa zotsatira. Kodi ndingatani ndikakumana ndi nyama yankhalango kuthengo?

Tengani zina mwanzeru zochepa. Osathamanga, muyenera kukhala chete. Nguluwe zamtchire zimangovutitsa munthu ndikumachoka osawona zoopsa.

Koma ngati nguluwe imachita mantha, kukwiya, kapena mwakumana naye pa nthawi yopaka, kapena mutasokoneza mkaziyo ndi nkhumba, ndiye kuti izi ndi zoyipa. Chilombo chiukira, sichidzawopa chilichonse.

Ngati nguluwe wakwiya, sadziwa mantha. Ndipo popeza chilombo chimathamanga kwambiri (30 km / h), chimagwira munthu m'njira ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, kuthawa iye sikumveka. Koma sangathe kuzengereza kapena kupatuka. Zotsatira zake, kutuluka kolondola kuchokera ku zoopsazi kudzakhomera mbali. Koma izi zimafuna ulemu. Ndi ochepa omwe adakwanitsa kuchita chinyengo chotere. Ngati zingachitike, mutha kudziyesa nokha kuti mwapulumuka - boar samabweranso. Komabe, ngati atathamanganso kachiwiri, muyenera kulumpha kumbali ndikuthawa mpaka mutafika pogona.

Sikoyenera kuteteza, sizibweretsa zotsatira. Kukwapulidwa kwa mpeni kapena kuwombera kuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri ndikuwongolera ku maso, khosi ndi khutu.

Pali njira yodalirika - kukwera mumtengo ndikukhala pamenepo kwakanthawi. Choyamba, boar amakuwonerani pansipa, koma pakapita kanthawi amachoka.