Fulu la steppe kapena Central Asia limasiyana pamapangidwe ena ndi kakhalidwe kazinthu zina. Ngakhale kambayu amatchedwa kuti steppe, amakhala kumapeto ndi zipululu za kumwera kwa Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia pakati pa nkhanda za chitsamba chowirira, tamariskai ndi saxaul, ndipo amapezeka kumapiri, komanso pafupi ndi mavwende ndi minda yachikhalidwe.
Chishango chakumaso kwa steppe tortoise chimakhala chowonekera kwambiri ndipo sichoyenera kutulutsa madzi, monga m'mbali. Moyo wa chingwe cha steppe umachitika pamtunda, ulibe malo osambira pakati pa zala, ndipo sadziwa kusambira. Atakwezedwa m'madzi, chingwe chakuthwa chikugwera pansi, pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Samafunikira mphamvu yayikulu kuti apeze chakudya (zomera). Amatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, akumapeza ndi zakudya zabwino. Zamba za steppeo zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zazifupi, nazo zimavuta kukumba pansi zikapanga mabowo. Pakumba ntchito imavulaza maenje okuthirira, madamu, enjanji.
Utoto wa chipolopolo cha steppe umakwaniritsidwa bwino ndi utoto wa m'chipululu chozungulira ndipo nthawi zambiri umawupulumutsa kwa adani. Kuphatikiza apo, zikafika pangozi, amakoka khosi, mawondo ndi mchira wake pakati pazotchingira, motero amachotsa ziwalo zosafunikira za thupi. Komabe, chizolowezi sichimamupulumutsa nthawi zonse kuimfa. Mwachitsanzo, ma hyenas amatsegula chigamba cha akamba ndikudya nyama, kuphatikiza apo, mavu ndi anaankhosa akuyenda mlengalenga kuchokera pamalo okwera akuwoneka ndi maso akuthwa ndipo, atagwera pansi, amawagwira ndi mikwingwirima yamphamvu, kenako ndikukweza mlengalenga ndikuwaponya pamiyala yam'chipululu. Akamba amenya miyala, zishango zawo zimathyoka ndipo olusa amapeza mpata wang'amba mbali zofewa za thupi lawo.
Akamba amtundu wasamba mu Meyi. Akazi amapanga dzenje losaya mumchenga ndi kuyikira mazira atatu mkati mwake, wokutidwa ndi chipolopolo choyera, kenako ndikudziika m'miyendo ndi kumbuyo. Amatha kupanga zingapo zazitali. Pofika nthawi yophukira, akamba amaswa mazira, koma amakhalabe obisika mpaka mvula.
Chapakatikati, ikafika pamtunda, akambuku achinyamata amakonda kugwira nkhandwe, ankhandwe, chiwombankhanga ndi akhwangwala. Pa nthawi yamasika pachimake cha ephemera, akamba amamba mbewu zambiri. Zimavulaza minda ndi msipu, ndikuwononga zonenepa. Ndi isanayambike chilimwe chilimwe, komanso nthawi yachisanu yozizira, pomwe chakudya chikazimiririka, akamba a hibernate.
Akavuni amakula pang'onopang'ono, amakula pofika zaka 10. Ali ndi zaka 30, amafika kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 20 cm, kulemera - 2.5 kg. Kamba zam'mbali mwa nyama zakuthengo zitha kudyetsedwa ndi udzu wamafuta (letesi, dandelions), kabichi wosankhidwa, kaloti, beets, zamkati zamamvwende ndi mavwende.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Ufulu wapakati ku Asia umagawidwa kumadera akumwera kwa Kazakhstan, kudutsa pakati pa Asia Asia, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran, Afghanistan, kumadera akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India ndi Pakistan. Imakhala m'malo opezeka dongo komanso mchenga wokhala ndi mitengo yopyapyala, tamarisk kapena saxaul, m'munsi mwa mapiri ataliatali okwana 1200 m kumtunda kwa nyanja, m'mipata ya mitsinje, paminda yolima. Chiwerengero chake m'malo ambiri ndi chachikulu, koma chikuchulukirachulukira, motero kamba wa ku Central Asia walembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse.
Kuswana
Kulera kumafuna akamba awiri a zaka zofanana komanso kulemera. Zachikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zazimuna malinga ndi mchira - ngati mchirawo ndi wautali komanso wotambalala kumapeto kwa turtle, ndiye kuti ndiwamphongo, amuna amphongo a ku Central Asia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mano ku pulasitoni pafupi ndi mchira. Amuna, cesspool imakhala pansi kwambiri mchira kuposa akazi. Mwa akazi, pulasitala ndi lathyathyathya, mchirawo ndi waufupi chifukwa cha kuyika kwa oviduct mu zovala zawo, osakhuthala. Cesspool ili kumapeto kwa carapace, ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa mchira. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ochepa kuposa akazi. Akambawo amafikira kukhwima: zazikazi kuyambira wazaka 10-12, Amuna kuyambira wazaka 5-6. Imatembenuza wokwatirana kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka August. Kutalika kwa pakati ndi miyezi iwiri, kenako mkazi amatenga mazira awiri mpaka 6. Makulitsidwe pa kutentha kwa 28-30 ° C kumatenga masiku 60-65.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Sitepe za steppe ndi amodzi mwa akamba ang'onoang'ono. Zigoba zawo amapangira awiri osokonekera pakati pa chishango, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Chikopa chakumbuyo chimakhala ndi dzina lina - carapace. Akuluakulu, imakhazikika ndipo imakutidwa pamwamba ndi mbale za keratinized, zomwe zimapangidwa m'magulu.
Steppe tortoise (Testudo (Agrionemys) akavalo ena)
Mtundu wa carapace ndi maolivi wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, ofanana ndi mpira wamiyendo. Korneum iliyonse yam'munsi yomwe ili pamwamba pake imakhala ndi mphete zozungulira zomwe zimakula kuchokera pakati. Mwa kuchuluka kwa ma mbale awa, mutha kudziwa zaka za kamba.
Chikopa cha m'mimba chimatchedwa plastron. Ndi phapala, mbali yake yakutsogolo imangopita kutsogolo, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli ndi malire.
Kuchokera pa "bokosi" lamphamvu kwambiri ili mutha kuwona khosi, mutu ndi miyendo yokha, yokutidwa ndi mano olimba.
Udindo wa chipolopolo pamoyo wa kamba
Kuchita ngozi kumapangitsa kuti njokayo isathawe. Amangokoka ziwalo zosafunikira za thupi pansi pa chigobacho ndikuzizira. Pamalo pomwe nyamayo idayimilira masekondi angapo apitawo, pali "mwala" wodekha basi.
Kuyesa kutenga chingwe cha steppe kulibe phindu. Nyama imasweka m'manja nthawi zonse ndikuyesera kuluma ndi zala. Koma, kwakukulu, ichi ndi cholengedwa chamtendere komanso chodalirika.
Nsagwada za kamba zimaloleza kuti zilume zofewa, zakudya zanthete.
Zodabwitsa za steppe tortoise
Kamba ya steppe imayenda mothamanga kwambiri mpaka 12 cm pamphindi.
Akamba opanga steppe ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Komabe, iye amalimbana ndi malo otsetsereka mosavuta, akumadzimva bwino pamchenga wokongola. Zopinga zake zimatha kuyambitsa zotchinga zamadzi ambiri, zotumphukira pansi pamvula. M'malo oterowo, kamba amatha ngakhale kufa kuyesera kutuluka.
Steppe chingwe kudya
Fulu la Steppe limatha kuchita popanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma alibe nkhawa kudya mbewu zam'chipululu, mavwende, udzu, zipatso ndi zipatso za mitengo. Kunyumba, kamba amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zitsamba, masamba, zipatso, zipatso. Ndikwabwino osapatsa nyama nyama kamba. Koma ayenera kupatsidwa mavitamini, okhala ndi calcium.
Steppe tortoise imayamba pa bowa wokoma.
Zowopsa nthawi iliyonse
Akamba ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zamtchire ndi mbalame. Mpaka usanakwanitse zaka zisanu, chipolopolo cha ufulu sichinakhalebe cholimba, motero nyama zokwawa zambiri zimakhala chakudya cha mimbulu, ankhandwe, nkhandwe. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timadya ma buzzards, balaban, rook Koma mdani wamkulu wa steppe kamba ke man ndi magalimoto.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Habitat
Central Asia, Steppe tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii, Agrionemys horsfieldii) - theka-chipululu cha Central Asia. Imapezeka kumwera kwa Kazakhstan komanso ku India. Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan ndi mayiko komwe mutha kuwonanso zowawa. Ku Russia, ufulu wa ku Central Asia kapena steppe ndiosowa kwambiri ndipo udawoneka pafupi ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian komanso kumwera kwa dera la Orenburg.
Zigwa za mitsinje, zipululu za mchenga ndi dongo ndi zipululu, ndipo ngakhale minda ndi malo olima ndiwo "nyumba" yamtunduwu. Anapezekanso kumapeto ndi kumapiri (mpaka 1200 m). Izi zikutsimikizira umboni kuti akamba am'kati mwa Asia akuyenda mozungulira bwino.
Kufotokozera
Carapace yotsika kuyambira 3 mpaka 20-25 masentimita. Yakulungidwa ndikusunthidwa pang'ono pamwamba, zofanana ndi payi. Mtundu wa carapace ndi ma brown-chikasu maolivi wokhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino amdima - mtundu wa dothi pomwe umapezeka. Plastron ali ndi khungu lakuda komanso 16 flaps. Palinso zishango 13 zoopsa pamalopo, zokhala ndi zokutira pachilichonse. Chiwerengero chawo chimafanana ndi zaka pafupifupi mtundu wa kamba. Zikopa 25 zikhale m'mbali. Pamatsogolo, zala zinayi zinayi.
Wamphongo kumbuyo kwa ntchafu ndi tubercle 1 yoyipa. Yaikazi ili ndi 3-5. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Wakhazikika pachiwopsezo. Pazabwino, phokoso la steppe limatha kukhala zaka 40-50. Fulu la ku Central Asia limakula moyo wonse.
Munthawi zachilengedwe, ufulu wa ku Central Asia umadyera makamaka pamasamba: udzu wosatha ndi mphukira za zitsamba, mavwende, zipatso, ndipo nthawi zina zipatso zimagwa.
Kunyumba, zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizothandiza kwa akamba. Masamba, letesi, ma fiber owuma (zitsamba zouma ndi udzu), masamba azomera zokhazokha amapanga pafupifupi 80% yazakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi. Pafupifupi masamba 15%. Zipatso - 5%.
Ndi bwino kusadyetsa turbo ndi dzanja. Chakudya chodulidwa, ndikofunikira kuyikamo mbale kapena malo odyera "osinthika mwapadera, kuti popewa kumeza nthaka.
Akamba ang'onoang'ono amadyetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Matamba "okalamba" - kamodzi pakapita masiku atatu (anthu omwe kukula kwake ndi pulasitiki ndi 10 cm kapena kuposerapo). Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyenera kuperekedwa m'malo ochepera, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku kukula kwa kukula kwa chigoba, mpaka ufulu ukadzaza.
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame za steppe kapena Central Asia zimakhala m'malo ouma komanso zomera zochepa. Chifukwa chake, popanga chakudya, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri komanso zowonjezera kwambiri sizachilengedwe kwa iwo ndipo zingayambitse kupsa m'mimba. Zomera zamitundu mitundu ziyenera kukhala zochedwa!
Musapatse turtle chakudya champhaka kapena agalu. "Zakudya za anthu" - nyama ndi nsomba, mkate ndi mkaka, tchizi choko, mazira ndi kudyetsa nyama sizikulimbikitsidwa.
Mu terarium momwe ziweto zimakhala, ndikofunikira kuti zikhale ndi gwero la calcium. Itha kukhala sepia. Ndi mavalidwe apamwamba a vitamini. Makampani ambiri amatulutsa mankhwala otere, pali zambiri zoti musankhe.
Kambuku safuna kumwa pafupipafupi. Ma mbale am'madzi mu terarium ndiosankha, chifukwa amatha kuponderezedwa, kuthiridwa, kutembenukira mozondoka. Koma chinyezi chambiri mu "nyumba yankhokwe" ndizosayenera kwambiri.
Makonzedwe a Terrarium
Payenera kukhala dothi lopangidwa ndi miyala yosalala pakona ofunda, utuchi / nkhuni zamatchi / udzu. Kudyetsa ufa ndi nyumba.
Nyali ya incandescent (40-60 W) imakhala yotentha, yopanga kutentha koyenerera komwe nyamayo imatha kusankha kutentha komwe. Kufunika kofunikira kwambiri kwa kutentha kumathandizira pakupanga njira momwe kamba amakwanira kumangoyenda chifukwa cha kutentha kwina kokha ndipo potero amaonetsetsa momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito moyenera. Pakakhala kutentha, metabolism yochepetsedwa imachepetsa kwambiri. Chakudya cham'mimba popanda kugayidwa, chomwe chingayambitse m'mimba. Ulamuliro wazotentha pakona yozizira pafupi ndi nyumbayo pafupifupi 24-26 ° С ndi 30-33 о С - pakona kotentha pansi pa nyali. Ulamuliro wa kutentha kwa nyali ungasinthidwe pakukweza kapena kutsitsa nyali, kapena kuyika nyali za incandescent zamphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
Nyali yapadera ya ultraviolet ya repitili (10% UVB) iyenera kukhala patali la 25 cm kuchokera ku chinyama (osati chapamwamba kuposa 40 osati kutsika 20). Nyali ya UV siyitentha terarium, koma imapereka turtle ndi kuwala koyenera kwa ultraviolet, komwe kumafunikira pa moyo wachilengedwe - kuyamwa kwa vitamini D3, calcium ndi zina zonse zofunika kutsata. Mwachilengedwe, ufulu umalandira ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Akamba amakonda 'kufunafuna pothawirapo' podziika m'miyala. Zojambula zilizonse kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, ngakhale mu terarium, kumatha kuyambitsa kuzizira kwa nyama.
Turtle Corral
Zimachitika mu umodzi mwamakona amchipindacho. Nyali yotenthetsera imakhala pafupi ndi imodzi mwa makoma a corral. Kamba imatha kusankha kutentha komwe kumafunikira pakadali pano. M'chilimwe, paddock siyabwino kuti akonzekere kanyumba kamadzilimwe. Kuti musavutike kupeza turbo "yobisika", mutha kukonza baluni yokhala ndi tepi ya scotch pa carapace kapena mbendera yooneka pamtengo wokulirapo. Ngati nyengo yotentha ilola, ndiye kuti mutha kusiyira turtle mu cholembera ndi usiku wonse.
Zolemba zaulele pansi pansi m'nyumba saloledwa! Kusintha kwake kumachitika ngati ma corral ali pamtunda wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ndi dothi, popanda kukonzekera ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ndi kukhalapo kwa nyali zofunikira.
Chisamaliro: Ndikofunika kusamba akamba mumadzi wamba ofunda kamodzi pakadutsa masabata awiri. Kutentha kwamadzi ndi 31-35 ° С. Kutalika - mpaka pamlingo wamutu wa kamba (2/3 kutalika kwa chipolopolo). Kusamba koteroko kumabwezeretsanso mchere wamchere komanso chinyontho m'thupi la chimbalangondo, kumatulutsa matumbo. Palibe zowonjezera zamadzi zofunika.
Kusangalatsidwa ndi akamba
Mitundu ya turtle Central Asia steppe yalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Nthano ya ku Uzbek imanena monyinyirika za chiyambi / mtundu wa kamba. Wogulitsa m'modzi wabwinobwino komanso wosalemera makasitomala ake kotero, pamapeto pake, anthu adakwiya pakuyitana kwa Allah. Allah, mokwiya, adatenga miyeso ya wamalondayo ndikufinya nawo wachinyengo uja: "Nthawi zonse mudzakhala ndiumboni wachinyengo wanu." Chifukwa chake mutu ndi miyendoyo zinangotsamira m'mbale zolemerazo, ndikusintha wamalondayo kukhala kamba.
Kutentha, kamba'yo amabisala, osakumba pansi kwambiri. M'dzinja, kuya kwake ndi 1 m.
Akamba amatha kuthyoka m'ngalande mpaka ma 2 metres ndi makamera mpaka theka la mita mulifupi.
Chigoba ndi mafupa osweka a msana ndi nthiti, ndipo monga momwe anthu sangathe "kutuluka" m'mafupa awo, choteracho kamba sangathe kuchotsa chipolopolo.
Kutulutsa kwa ufulu waku Central Asia ndi kofiirira ngati ma soseji oblong ndipo kumatha kuwonekera 1-2 patsiku. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumatengera kapangidwe ka chakudya. Chimawoneka chowoneka bwino, nthawi zina chimakhala ndi zotumphukira zoyera zamchere zamchere.