Zisumbu za pachilumba | |||||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Lepidosauromorphs |
Malo: | Caenophidia |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Viperoidea |
Subfamily: | Pithead |
Onani: | Zisumbu za pachilumba |
- Lachedis insularis Amaral, 1921
- Onsewa (Amaral, 1921)
Zisumbu za pachilumba (lat. bothrops insularis) - mtundu wa njoka zapoizoni zochokera kunthaka ya banja lanjoka. Matenda opita ku Brazil.
Kaymada Grande Island - Chozizwitsa Chachilengedwe Choipa
Chilumba cha Snake Island choopsa kwambiri chili pamtunda wamakilomita 32 kuchokera pagombe la São Paulo ku Brazil. Ambiri mwa anthuwa akudziwa kuti liliko, koma ndi ochepa okha omwe adayenda kukayenda pachilumba chowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, Keymad-Grandi ndipo nthawi yomweyo adabwerako ali amoyo.
Sikuti aliyense wothamanga yemwe adzaike moyo wake pachiwopsezo kuti asangalatse njoka zoyipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, zotha kusungunula mnofu waanthu ndi poyizoni wawo. Inde, Keymada Grandi, kapena chilumba cha Serpent Island, amawonedwa ngati owopsa kotero kuti akuluakulu aku Brazil adaletsa kubwera kwawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ku Brazil kuli chilumba china cha Serpent Island ku Rio de Janeiro, koma popanda njoka.
Mbiri ya Snake Island
Malinga ndi lingaliro lina lakumayambiriro kwa chilumbachi, zaka 11,000 zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa nyanja kudakwera kwambiri ndikulekanitsa malo ndi Brazil. Ngakhale panali nyengo yabwino, njoka zomwe zidatsalira pamenepo zidakhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri (pankhani ya chakudya), zomwe mwina zakhudza kuwopsa komanso kukhetsa magazi kwa ana awo amtsogolo.
Njoka zomwe zidasiyidwa pazokha zimapitilizabe mtundu wawo, ndipo zidadyetsedwa ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito chilumbacho (Keimada Grande) ngati malo okwerera paulendo wawo wam'nyengo. Njoka zambiri zimakwera mitengo bwino, motero sizivuta kuti adzipezera okha chakudya, mbalame zosaka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, njoka zimakhala zodyedwa, makamaka achinyamata. Cormorants, akufika pagombe la Brazil, amagwirira ana a njoka, popewa akuluakulu.
Osati malo abwino kukhalamo
Chilumba choletsedwachi chimatchedwa chifukwa chakuti pamalo 1 mita 2 pali njoka zisanu zapoizoni, malingana ndi nthano. Mwina izi ndizowonjezera pang'ono, koma, komabe, zimakhudzana ndi zidziwitso zenizeni. Keymada Grandi ndi chisumbu chomwe njoka ndizomwe zili eni ake, ndipo anthu ali bwino sikuwoneka pano.
Ngati mungayang'ane chilumbachi kuchokera m'madzi, mutha kuwona njoka zamiyulu yonse yomwe ili pamtunda padzuwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chikhumbo chachikulu, wina akhoza kuyesa kutulutsa izi pachilumbachi. Koma zoona zake ndikuti ambiri aiwo atsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo chilumba cha Keymada Grande ndi malo okhawo omwe angapezeke, chifukwa chake, njira zonse zimatengedwa kuti aziteteze ndikuziteteza, ngakhale kuti iwonso amatha kuyimirira ndekha.
Kuluma kwachilumba kumabowola munthu
Botrops ndi nyama yothamanga kwambiri, yolimba komanso yapoizoni. Poizoni wake ndi owopsa osati kwa nyama zokha, komanso kwa anthu. Opulumuka pambuyo phuma amalankhula nkhani zoyipa kwambiri atakumana ndi njoka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti malo olumidwa amapangidwadi, ndipo mnofu wa munthu umagundika, komanso kutaya magazi kwambiri, ndipo munthu akumva kupweteka kwambiri. Pambuyo pa imfa zingapo, kuyesa kukhazikika ku Kaimada Grande (chilumba cha njoka zapoizoni) kunatha.
Zoyesayesa zopanda anthu okhala ku Snake Island
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, azibizinesi angapo ochokera ku mzinda wa São Paulo anayesa kulanda chilumbachi. Malingaliro a amalonda anali oti awononge minda yayikulu ya nthochi m'deralo, kuwotcha nkhalango ndikuwononga zokwawa. Koma eni eni chilumbacho adawonetsa atsamunda omwe anali ambuye pano. Atafika pagombe, ogwira ntchito ganyu adawukiridwa ndi njoka, pomwe ngakhale nsapato zazikuru zapamwamba sizimatha kupulumutsa. Kuzungulira kumeneku kunatha m'malo mokomera nyama zapamtunda.
Pakapita kanthawi, ukoloniwo unapitilizidwa ndi gulu lokonzekeratu. Zovala zantchito zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera ndikutchinjiriza ku kulumwa ndi njoka. Komabe, panali vuto linanso losawerengeka. Keymad-Grandi (Snake Island), yemwe zithunzi zake ndizowopsa, amadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, ndipo ogwira ntchito adayenera kupanga chisankho chankhanza: kulumidwa kapena kufa chifukwa cha kuzunzika. Mu suti yotuwa ngati imeneyi pamatenthedwe, anthu sakanatha kuyimirira.
Amayesera kutentha chilumbacho, chomwe chinaletsedwa ndi mvula yamvula nthawi ndi nthawi. Pambuyo poyesayesa kosagonjetseka pachilumbachi kuchokera ku njoka, katundu wawo adabweranso m'boma. Nyumba yowunikira idamangidwa m'dera lopanda magawo, zomwe, sizitanthauza kuti mutha kupeza pobisalira pano, koma ndikuchenjeza kuti sikwabwino kwaumoyo wa anthu kuyang'ana pano, zomwe sizimayimitsa alendo odziwa chidwi omwe akufuna kuyang'ana kutali kuchokera kutali ndi phokoso lokhala ndi njoka. Chisumbu.
Mkhalidwe
Mtunduwu udawerengedwa kuti ndi wothamanga (CR) m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red malinga ndi njira zotsatirazi: CR B1ab (iii) + 2ab (iii) (v3.1 (2001). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu yonse yamtunduwu ikuyerekeza kuti ndi yosakwana 100 km², komanso kuti malowa ndi ogawika kwambiri kapena kuti amadziwika kuti nyamayo imapezeka m'malo amodzi okha komanso kuti pali kutsika komwe kumayembekezeka kapena kunenedweratu kwa malowa, kukula ndi / kapena mtundu wa malo. Chaka chowunika: 2004.
Kugawa malo ochepa
Popeza chilumba chomwe mitunduyi ikupezeka ndi chochepa kwambiri kotero kuti chitha kuthandiza anthu ochepa, kuchuluka pakati pa kuchuluka kwa njoka zofunika kuti anthu apulumuke ndi kuchuluka kwa njoka zomwe chilumbacho chimatha kuchilikiza zingakhale zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizisamala kwambiri pamavuto aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza chilumba cha Keymada Grandi ndi malo okhawo omwe zotupa za pachilumba zimapezeka kuthengo, ngati anthu awa awonongedwa, ndiye kuti kuthengo zamtchire zidzasowa.
Chiwonongeko cha Habitat
M'mbuyomu, anthu adayatsa moto mwadala pachilumba cha Keymada Grandi, kuyesera kuthana ndi njoka izi kuti chilumbachi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polima nthochi. Asitikali apamadzi aku Brazil anathandizanso kuti malo awonongeke pochulukitsa masamba kuti tisunge nyali yowala pachilumbachi.
Intersex
Choopsa china ku tsogolo la njoka izi ndikuwonekera kwa kugonana pakati, njoka zobadwa ndi ziwalo zoberekera zamphongo ndi zazikazi. Mwina, kuchuluka kwa akazi ogonana amuna ndi akazi kumalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina (zomwe ndi zotsatira zina zakugawika kwa mitunduyo) ndikufotokozeranso kuti kuwonekera kwambiri kwa azibambo omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumakhala kovulaza kuchulukana kwa mitundu ya anthu, popeza amuna ndi akazi ogonana ambiri amakhala osabala.
Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake
Woimira uyu wa banja la njeruyo ali ndi mawonekedwe awa:
- pafupifupi 70 cm, kutalika kwake kumatha kukula mpaka 120 cm,
- utoto waukulu ndi wachikasu chagolide, amatchedwanso njoka yamkondo wagolide,
- pa thupi palinso mawanga amdima omwe adakonzedwa mosintha,
- Mutu wa njokayo ufanana ndi mkondo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi khosi momasuka,
- thupi la botrops limakutidwa ndi mamba opaka ndipo limatha ndi mchira wautali. Wotsirizayi ndi wachikhumi, njoka imagwiritsitsa nthambi munthawi zakusaka,
- Pamutu pali maso owoneka ngati owongoka ndi ana opindika. Pakati pawo pali maenje ozindikira kutentha kapena ma infrared. Ziweto zimafunikira kuti zizindikira nyama,
- Njokayo ili ndi mano awiri owopsa omwe amakhala pansi pa nsagwada yapamwamba. Nthawi zina amakutidwa ndi kanema.
Kuwonekera kwa anthu poizoni
Poizoni wa pachilumbachi ndiwowopsa ndipo, malinga ndi ofufuza, owopsa kasanu kuposa poizoni wa abale. Kukhazikika kuti kupanga kumwalira pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri. Ndizovuta kunena za poizoni womwe anthu adakumana nawo chifukwa chakumwa kamodzi palibe chomwe chidalembedwa mokhazikika. Poona momwe sumuzi zimapangidwira, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kufa kumachitika mu 7% ya milandu.
Malowa amalumidwa kwambiri, matuza komanso kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumayamba. Pali mankhwala.
Malo ogawa, malo okhala
Botrops yachilumbachi imatha kupezeka m'malo amodzi padziko lapansi - pachilumba chaching'ono pafupi ndi Brazil São Paulo. Chilumbachi chimatchedwa Keymada Grandi ndipo chimakhala malo ochepera mahekitala makumi asanu, motero njoka izi ndizoperewera. Nyengo pachilumbachi ndi mtanda pakati pa subequatorial ndi malo otentha. Kutentha masana kumasiyana pakati pa madigiri 22-24, ndipo usiku nthawi zambiri samatsika pansi +18 ° C. Dera lonse la chilumbachi lakutidwa ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha, momwe mumakhala mitengo yam'mimba ya botrop. Pachilumbachi amatha kupezeka paliponse, koma amakonda kusaka nyama zotsika pamitengo.
Njoka yamtunduwu ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa idasokoneza anthu kuti azikhalamo. Chifukwa chake chisumbucho chili ndi dzina lachiwiri - njoka. Amati nthawi ina kumakhala anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyali yowunikira, koma chifukwa chowopsa adachoka, ndipo nyaliyo idapangidwa yokha. Akuluakulu omwe adayendera chilumba cha njoka ati kuti pakhoza kukhala njoka zisanu mpaka mita imodzi.
Moyo & Zakudya
Zilumba za pachilumbachi zimasiyana ndi zofanizira za njoka nazonso chifukwa zimayenda nthawi ya masana, mmalo mokhala ndi usiku. Izi ndichifukwa choti mzere wazakudya zake zimapangidwa ndi mbalame zomwe zikukhala ndikuwuluka pachilumbacho. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yam'madziyi ndi imodzi mwa njoka zochepa zomwe zimaluma njoka yake ndikusunga mkamwa mwake mpaka kufa. Kuphatikiza pa mbalame, ma botrop sakusamala kudya makoswe, njoka zina, amphibians, tizilombo. Zotsirizazo ndizomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zazinyama zazing'ono.
Kuswana
Zomera za pachilumbachi ndizosiyana ndi njoka zina komanso kapangidwe ka ziwalo zoberekera. Akazi ena amakhala ndi ziwalo zawo zonse wamwamuna komanso wamkazi, motero kukwatitsa akazi awiri ndizotheka. Njoka izi zimayamba kubereka mu Marichi ndikutha mu Julayi. Wamkazi wothira mazira awiri kapena khumi, pomwe njoka zamkati zimatuluka m'miyezi ingapo. Amalemera pafupifupi 10 g ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa kotala.
Eni ake a pachilumba cha Brazil cha Ceymada Grandi, oimira banja la akhungu, botrops, ndizosangalatsa pakusiyana kwawo pamtundu wawo. Adapangidwa chifukwa chakuti njoka zimakhala mosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Kuti zisungike zachilengedwe zachilengedwezi, chilumbachi chimatha kukhala ngati malo achitetezo.
Zizindikiro zakunja za chilumba zotentha.
Zomera za pachilumbachi ndizopatsa poizoni kwambiri kuchokera ku gulu lanjoka ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chifanizo chowoneka bwino cha kutentha pakati pa mphuno ndi maso. Monga njoka zina, mutu umasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi ndikufanana ndi mkondo wokhazikika, mchirawo umakhala wofupika, komanso zikopa zolakwika pakhungu. Maso ndi amaso.
Island Botrops (
Mtunduwu ndi wachikasu, nthawi zina wokhala ndi zikaso zofiirira komanso nsonga yakuda pamchira. Zidutswa zimatenga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo zimapezeka popanda mawonekedwe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ndikasungidwa, khungu la chilumbacho limakhala ndi khungu, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa njoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe. Mtundu wa m'mimba ndiwowoneka bwino, wachikasu owala kapena maolivi.
Zilumba za Island zitha kukhala zazitali kuyambira makumi asanu ndi limodzi mpaka zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri. Akazi ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya banja lachi botop pachilala ndi mchira wautali, koma osati wolimba, mothandizidwa ndi iwo mokongola bwino.
Zilumba za Habitat chilumba.
Zomera za pachilumba zimakhala m'mitengo ndi pakati pa mitengo yotsika yomwe imamera pamiyala. Nyengo pachilumbachi ndiopanda kutentha komanso kotentha. Kutentha sikucheperachepera madigiri khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu a Celsius. Kutentha kwambiri ndi madigiri makumi awiri ndi awiri. Chilumba cha Keimada Grande sichiri kukafikiridwapo ndi anthu, chifukwa chake masamba obiriwira ndi malo abwino ku zilumbazi.
Zokhudza machitidwe a malo azisumbu.
Zomera za pachilumba ndizambiri njoka yamtengo kuposa mitundu ina yofananira. Amatha kukwera mitengo posaka mbalame, ndipo amagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. M'makhalidwe ndi machitidwe a thupi, pali zosiyana zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa botrops wazilumba kuchokera kumtundu wa anthu a genrop Bothropoides. Monga zida zina zam'madzi, amagwiritsa ntchito maenje ake otenthetsera kutentha kuti agwire nyama. Ma fangayi ataliatali, amawonjezerapo ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera ndipo amabweretsedweranso pakafunika kubayidwa poyizoni.
Chakudya cha pachilumba cha Chakudya.
Zilumba za pachilumba, mosiyana ndi mitundu yam'madzi, yomwe imadya kwambiri makoswe, imasinthira kudyetsa mbalame chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nyama zazing'ono pachilumbachi. Kudya makoswe ndi kosavuta kuposa kugwira mbalame. Chilumbachi chimasunga nyama poyamba, kenako, ikagwira mbalameyo, imayenera kuigwira ndikuyambitsa sumu kuti wopezayo asakhale ndi nthawi youluka. Chifukwa chake, ma botrops achilumba amabweretsa poizoni nthawi yomweyo, omwe ali ndi poizoni katatu kuposa kasanu kuposa poizoni wa mitundu ili yonse ya botrops. Kuphatikiza pa mbalame, zokwawa ndi ma amphibians, ma botrop agolide amadyera zinkhanira, akangaude, abuluzi ndi njoka zina. Pakhala pali zochitika zina za anthu akale omwe amabadwa pachilumba akamadya anthu amtundu wawo.
Kusamalira malo a botrops a chisumbu.
Ma botrops azilumba amasankhidwa kuti ali pangozi ndipo amalembedwa pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN. Ili ndi kuchuluka kwambiri pakati pa njoka, koma kuchuluka kwake ndikochepa, pakati pa 2000 ndi 4000 anthu.
Malo omwe malo omwe amakhala pachilumbachi amakhalamo ali pachiwopsezo chosintha chifukwa cha kugwa kwa mitengo ndikuwotchedwa.
Chiwerengero cha njoka m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi chatsika kwambiri, njirayi imakulitsidwa ndi kugwidwa kwa ma botrop kuti agulitse popanda chilolezo. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu ingapo ya mbalame, akangaude ndi abuluzi osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala pachilumba cha Keyimada Grande, omwe amadyera njoka zazing'ono ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo.
Ngakhale pakadali pano zisumbu zotetezedwa ndizotetezedwa, malo omwe adakhalapo adawonongeka kwambiri ndipo malo omwe mitengo idakulirako m'mbuyomu, tsopano yatakutidwa ndi udzu, zimatenga zaka kuti ibwezeretse nkhalango. Ma botrop agolide ndi osatetezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha ziwopsezozi, chifukwa kubereka kwamtunduwu kumachepetsedwa. Ndipo tsoka lililonse pachilumbachi (makamaka moto wachilengedwe) lingathe kuwononga njoka zonse pachilumbachi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njoka, kudutsa kogwirizana kumachitika pakati pa zilumbazi. Pankhaniyi, anthu a hermaphroditic amawoneka kuti ndi osabereka ndipo sabala ana.
Chitetezo cha chilumbachi.
Ma botrops a pachilumbachi ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri komanso yowopsa kwa anthu. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti poizoni wa ma botrop agolide amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala pochiza matenda ena. Izi zimapangitsa kutetezedwa kwa botrops yachilumba kukhala kofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, njoka zamtunduwu sizinaphunziridwe bwino, chifukwa chakuthengo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthochi zinayamba kulimidwa m'gawoli, zomwe zinapangitsanso kuti anthu azikhala pachilumbachi.
Zochita za asayansi omwe amafufuza njoka izi zimathandizira nkhawa.
Akatswiri amachita kafukufuku wambiri komanso njira zachilengedwe kuti apeze zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe, ndikuwunikiranso kuchuluka. Pofuna kuteteza zilumbazi, zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zithetsenso njoka zomwe siziloledwa. Amakonzedwanso kuti apange dongosolo lowetchera kuti agwiritse ntchito pofuna kuteteza kutheratu kwa nyama zamtchire, ndipo machitidwewa athandiza popitiliza kuphunzira za umunthu wa zolengedwa ndi chiphe chake, osagwira njoka zakuthengo. Mapulogalamu apaderadera amathanso kuchepetsa ntchito yokonza zonyansa mosaloledwa mdera la Kaimada Grande, kuthandiza kuteteza tsogolo la njoka yapaderayi.
Ziwerengero zina
Chilumbachi chili ndi mbali zokulirapo kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Kutalika kwake kuli pa 1.67 km, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mita 600. Dera lonse silidutsa 0,43 km 2. Kutalika kwakukulu pamtunda wamadzi ndi 206 metres.
Zoposa theka la chilumbachi ndizakuthengo. Madera otsalawa ndi osabereka, makamaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi. Gombe ndi lamiyala ndipo m'malo mwake limakhala loterera.
Keymada Grandi Coast
Nyengo ya pachilumbachi ndi yabwino, yabwino komanso yotentha. Kutentha kwapakati pa mpweya kumayambira pa 18 ° C mu Ogasiti mpaka 27 ° C mu Marichi. Kuli mvula yochepa, kuyambira mamilimita awiri pamwezi mu Julayi mpaka 135.2 mamilimita mu Disembala.
Chilumbachi chidapezeka mu 1532 ndi kuchotsedwa kwa a Martim Afonso de Souza.
Chilumba chowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Zikuwoneka kuti mikhalidwe yotere imangokakamiza kupanga Laukala yachiwiri kuchokera pachilumba cha Keymada-Grandi. Nyengo yofatsa, nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso nyanja zopanda malire - zonsezi zimadziwika kwambiri ndi alendo. Koma, ayi, chisumbu ichi sichinakhale chosangalatsa, chifukwa anthu saloledwa pano ndi njoka.
Kaymada Grandi Njoka
Choopsa chachikulu ndi botrops ya pachilumbachi (bothrops insularis). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njoka zopweteka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali masauzande a iwo. Palibe pafupi kuwerengetsa njoka pachilumbachi. Choyamba, ndizowopsa, ndipo chachiwiri, njoka zimayenda nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya.
Chosangalatsa - Botrops Island samakonda kupitirira mita imodzi m'litali. M'nkhalango zotentha, imatha kukhala yabwinobwino, ndipo chifukwa chake yowopsa.
Zisumbu za pachilumba
Kodi njoka zingati pachilumbachi?
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, akuti mwina pachilumbachi pali njoka pafupifupi 430,000. Imeneyi ndi njoka imodzi pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Koma kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa kumati njoka pachilumbachi siziposa 4-5,000. Kwenikweni, onse amakhala m'nkhalango, pafupifupi osapita kugombe.
Nthawi zambiri zithunzi zotere zimalumikizidwa ndi chilumba cha Keymada Grandi, komabe njoka zimapezeka kwambiri ndi magulu otere. Nthawi zambiri njoka za ku Kaymada Grandi Island zimawoneka ngati izi
Chosangalatsa - Ngakhale chilumba chili ndi anthu ambiri, nthawi zambiri mitunduyi ili pafupi kutha. Chifukwa chake, imatetezedwa ndi boma.
Ndizotheka kuti kuchuluka kwa njoka kwatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya. Njoka pachilumbachi zilibe adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, poyamba iwo adabereka kwambiri ndipo amangodya nyama zazing'ono zonse m'deralo. Kenako chakudyacho chinasowa. Zotsatira zake, ma botrops a pachilumbachi adayamba kupanga poyizoni maulendo 5 kuposa mphamvu mzawo. Kuchokera pakuluma kwa botrops, mbewa imamwalira m'masekondi awiri okha. Munthu wolumidwa amamva kupweteka kwambiri. Ngati thandizo siliperekedwa nthawi, amatha kumwalira.
Tsopano chakudya chachikulu cha njoka chimakhala ndi mbalame zosamukira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawulukira pachilumbachi. Mitundu 41 ya mbalame yalembedwa pano.
Ndizofunika kudziwa kuti ozembetsa milandu nawonso adathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa njoka. Botrops yachilumba amawonedwa kwambiri ku Brazil. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena, amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe, amagwira njoka pachilumba cha Keymada Grandi.
Kuphatikiza pa njoka zapoizoni, chilumbachi chili ndi njoka zochepa zopanda njoka za banja la a Dipsas albifrons.
Chifukwa chiyani kuli njoka zambiri?
Malinga ndi asayansi, njoka pachilumbachi zidawoneka kale kwambiri, zaka zosachepera 9-11 zapitazo. Kenako chisumbucho chinalumikiza ndi dziko lalikulu.
Anthu sanakonde malo oyandikana ndi njoka zapoizoni. Adayesetsa kuyesera kutulutsa njoka m'dera lawo - adatentha nkhalango, ndikusesa madzi. Njokazo zidakakamizidwa kuti zibwerere pachilumbacho pang'onopang'ono.
Pambuyo pake, pamadongosolo achilengedwe, kulumikizana pamtunda ndi dziko lapansi kudasweka. Pachilumbacho panali madzi ambiri, ndipo njoka zinagwidwa pachilumbachi.
Chochititsa chidwi - Pali nthano malinga ndi njoka zomwe zidawonekera pachilumbacho chifukwa cha achifwamba. Achifwamba adakwirira chuma chambiri pano. Kuti ateteze, chilumbachi chinakhala ndi njoka zapoizoni, zomwe pamapeto pake zinasefukira zonse.
Kaymada Grandi Island Nkhani Zoopsa
Nyumba yowala inamangidwa pachilumbachi mu 1909. Kuyambira 1925, zakhala zikugwira ntchito zokhazokha, koma zisanachitike, wosamalira ndi banja lake adakhala kuno.
Kaymada Grandi Lighthouse
Amati usiku njoka zimalowa m'nyumba ya osungira. Mwadzidzidzi, banja lonselo linathawa, koma palibe amene anathawa. M'nkhalangomo, njoka mazana ambiri zinaukira anthu.
Nyumba yonyamula nyanjayo itasiya kugwira ntchito, asitikali adafika kuno ndikupeza matupi a anthu onse a m'banja la nyali nyali, atalumidwa kwathunthu ndi njoka. Chipindacho chinali ndi njoka zikwizikwi.
Pali nkhani yokhudza msodzi wakufa wopezeka m'bwatopo. Amati anali kusodza tsiku lomwelo pafupi ndi chilumba cha Keymada Grandi. Mwachidziwikire, adafika pachilumbachi, koma nthawi yomweyo adagwidwa ndi njoka. Msodziyo adakwera bwato, koma osati kunyumba. Adafa akuzunzidwa mkati mwamadzi.
M'malo mwake, zonsezi sizowona. Palibe umboni weniweni mu mlandu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
Man motsutsana ndi Kite Island Grand Kites
Anthu amafuna kuyeretsa chilumbachi ku njoka pansi paminda za nthochi. Adalinganiza kuti atenthe nkhalango ndipo potero adayeretsa gawo ndikuchotsa njoka.
Ndiyenera kunena kuti poyamba zinali zotheka kuwotcha dera laling'ono la nkhalangoyi. Dzinalo la chilumbacho "Queimada" mu Chipwitikizi limatanthawuza "kupsa."
Koma njokayo idateteza pothawira kwawo komaliza. Anaukira antchito ambiri. Osatinso kuchokera pansi, komanso mitengo. Mukukumbukira kuti mbalame zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za Botrops. Chifukwa chake, njoka zimakwera mitengo bwino lomwe.
Mitengo Yokwera Island Botrops
Mwamunayo sanabwerere. Ogwira ntchito adayamba kuvala suti zapadera za mphira. Inde, njoka sizinathe kuwaluma. Apa malo otentha pachilumbachi adathandizira njoka. Anthu amangovala zovala zotere, mtima unkagwira ntchito mpaka malire, kusinthana kwa kutentha kunali kusokonezeka kwathunthu. Palinso imfa zingapo zoyambitsidwa ndi kumangidwa kwamtima. Ndipo anthu anabwerera.
Mwamwayi njoka, polimbana ndi anthu, zimapambanabe.
Zikuwoneka kuti ndichitsanzo chokhacho chomwe nyama zimathamangitsa munthu kuti azikhalamo
Kaymada Grandi Island ku Tourism
Kuyambira 1985, Chilumba cha Snake chatsekedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu.
Anthu okhawo omwe amaloledwa kukhala pachilumbachi ndi asayansi, ofufuza, ndipo nthawi zina ojambula mafilimu owongolera njira za sayansi.
Wolemba akuchenjeza kuti kugwera pachilumba cha njoka koletsedwa.
Ngakhale chilumbachi sichingatheke, alendo okaona chidwi adakali pano omwe akufuna kukaona. Nthawi zambiri ngalawa zowona zimangoyenda pafupi ndi gombe. Ngakhale ndi ndalama zabwino mutha kuyendetsa chilumba chocheperako, koma kokha m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kokha.