Golden Mantella kapena Madagascar Frog ndi wokongola modabwitsa yemwe amakhala kumapiri a Madagascar. Golden mantella imatha kukhala ngati chokongoletsera pamsonkhano uliwonse wa amphibian. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri azam'madzi a Chingerezi ndi aku America amachitcha kuti mantella golide kapena mantella.

Kwa zaka zambiri, mawu akuti mantella adadziwika kuti ndi a banja la a Dendopatidae, komabe, kafukufuku wazomwe adalembapo nyamayo adatsimikizira kuti ndiwosakanika kukhala wa banja la a Ranidae. M'banja, limasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa monotypic (ndiye kuti, woimira mtundu umodzi wokha) genus Mantella.

Chithunzi Golden Mantella

Chithunzi cha chulechi chimaperekedwa m'mabuku ambiri odziwika pa herteryology, koma biology ikusowa kapena ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kutengera ndi zomwe ena ogwira nawo ntchito ku terrarium aku Moscow (O.I.Shubravy ndi ena), titha kunena zotsatirazi pa chule ili. Mwa moyo ndi zizolowezi, mwana wam'madzi amakafika kwa achule a mtengowo. Amadziwika ndi zochitika zausiku zokha. Nthawi zambiri chule amakhala pazomera, nthawi zina amatsikira pansi.

Mantella kufunafuna chinyezi, motero, mu terrarium payenera kukhala malo osungirako ndi mbewu za tradescantia, oyimira banja la aroid, arrowroot. Kutentha: 20-28C. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ma mantelles akuvutika kwambiri ndi kutentha, chifukwa chake ngati malo owonekera awonekera padzuwa, payenera kukhala pobisalira. Nthaka - zinyalala zamnyowa. Achule amakonda kukonda tizilombo touluka: ntchentche za m'nyumba, ntchentche zamtundu wa zipatso, udzudzu, koma zimakananso kukwatirana ndi tchuthi ndi mitengo.

Mantella amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo nkosavuta kuwasunga mu ukapolo. Ngakhale izi ndizovuta nyama yamamalo ndipo ngakhale m'malo osamalira nyama ndizosowa.

Biology

Achule 16 ochokera kumtundu Mantella (banja la a Mantellidae) amakhala ochepa ku Madagascar, ngakhale ena amakhala ku Reunion ndi zilumba zapafupi. Mantellas akukwana mpaka 3.5cm.

Mitundu yovomerezeka imachenjeza ogwiritsa ntchito kuti Mantella amatha kumasula poizoni wamphamvu akaukiridwa. Akatswiri opanga maukadaulo ochokera ku California Academy of Science atazindikira kuti Mantelles amatulutsa poizoni kapena mankhwala ena azakudya. Gwero la poizoni, makamaka kwa mitundu ina, ndi nyerere yotsalira Anochetus grandidieri. Ndipo ichi ndi chitsanzo cha chisinthidwe chodabwitsa cha kutembenuka, chifukwa 13 mwa zinthu zakupha zomwe zimapezeka pakhungu la Mantell zidapezekanso sizili zogwirizana ndi achule osagwirizana omwe amadya nyerere zosagwirizana ndi Anochetus ku Panama!
(zindikirani: Zachidziwikire kuti, m'malo ogulitsa, mitengo yonse ya mandella ndi poyizoni imasiya kutulutsa zinthu zapoizoni.)

Terrarium

Mantellas amakonda kwambiri malo othamangitsidwa ndi ma fern, bromeliads, philodendron ndi mbewu zina. Voliyumu yodzalidwa kwambiri komanso malo ambiri obisalamo idzakupatsani zambiri zochititsa chidwi, popeza achule adzimva otetezeka ndipo azichita zinthu mokangalika.

Awiri kapena atatu amatha kusungidwa mu terarium ya malita 45, ndipo mavoliyumu akuluakulu amatha kusungidwa ndi mantellas m'magulu.

Mantelles, ngati achule owononga, amatha nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi ndipo amamira mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, zosanjikiza zamadzi zomwe zikupezeka ziyenera kukhala 1-1,5 masentimita, mbale yosaya kapena njira yotsamira ndiyothekera.

Kumbukiraninso kuti ma mantels amatha kuyenda pagalasi ndikutuluka ngakhale mabowo ang'ono kwambiri, kotero malo ogwiritsidwira ntchito amayenera kutseka mwamphamvu ndipo chivundikiro ndichotetezedwa (ngati ndichotheka).

Gwiritsani ntchito

Kuphatikizika kwa tchipisi ta kokonati ndi gawo lachitetezo cham'nkhalango zotentha ndizoyenereradi. Zinyalala zamtundu kapena sphagnum moss ziyenera kuphimba mbali yonse ya gawo lapansi kuthandiza kusunga chinyontho.

Kuwala

Mlingo wina wa ma radiation a ultraviolet owoneka B ungakhale wothandiza. Ndipo UVA ingathandize kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kubereka.

Kutentha

Mantelles nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapiri kapena kuya kuthengo ndipo amafunika kutentha pang'ono kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Zabwino koposa zonse zomwe amakhala pa 20-25 C, ambiri a iwo amamwalira kutentha kumatentha kuposa 27 ° C.

Nyali yamasana imatha kutenthetsa malo.
Ngati matenthedwe akadali otsika, yesani bulb yaying'ono yaying'ono, koma onetsetsani kuti chinyezi chimakhalabe chokwera. Wotenthetsera ceramic kapena chophimba chofunda chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumdima. (onani. Zosankha zozizira zozizira zimaperekedwa munkhani ina)

Chinyezi

Mantellas amafunikira chinyontho pamtunda wa 80-100%, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyontho chonyowa cha moss ndikuthira mafuta kwambiri ku terarium. Makina ozipopera okha komanso chinyezi chinyezi ndi chofunikira makamaka m'nyumba zowuma komanso nyengo youma.

Kudyetsa

Zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri..
Matikiti okha, ngakhale ataphatikizidwa ndi mafuta owonjezera, si chakudya chokwanira. Popeza Mantellas wamkulu kwambiri samafika kutalika kwa 3.5cm, kuonetsetsa kuti zakudya zoyenera zimafunikira kukonzekera mosamala. Penyani achule anu mosamala - achule operewera amakhala ndi m'mimba, ndipo mafupa a pelvic nawonso amatambalala.

Poyenera, kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa ma feed otsatirawa:

- Ntchentche zing'onozing'ono, midges ndi mothinjika zitha kusungidwa ndi msampha Zoo Med Bug Napper .

- Nailtail kapena collembole: zokolola zam'mphepete zimapezeka pamalonda, zimatha kudulidwira zokha kapena zingathe kukololedwa pansi masamba.

- Chiswe: Amakololedwa m'matanda akufa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yosavuta (mu Russian Federation sizothandiza)

- Mphutsi zaachiritsi: Zimapezeka kuti zigulitsidwa, ndizosavuta kubereka pakokha.

- Nyerere: zoyeserera ndizofunikira, popeza mitundu ina imakanidwa.

- Aphid: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa timbewu tambiri, munthawi yotentha titha kusakanikirana mwachilengedwe, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kudulidwa palokha.

- "M'munda wa m'mapulogalamu": Tizilombo tisonkhana tikamasesa udzu wautali ndi ukonde wa gulugufe.

— Chidziwitso: Amaphukusi obadwa kumene a Turkmen ndi mitundu ina yaing'onoting'ono nawonso ali oyenera kudyetsa mawu. Ndiosavuta kubereka modzikhulupirira.

Mantellas amalakalaka kwambiri ndipo ayenera kumadyedwa tsiku lililonse kapena awiri. Pali kuonedwa kuti mwana wina wa bulauni amadya nyerere 53 m'mphindi 30!

Ndikofunikira kuwaza chakudya chochuluka ndi calcium yokhala ndi ufa wapamwamba kwambiri kapena chinthu chofanana ndi chowonjezera cha vitamini ndi vitamini D3 osachepera katatu pa sabata.

Vivarium wa Golden Mantella

Mtundu: vivarium zamatanda ndi khoma lakutsogolo kwagalasi (kuteteza ma paws ndi muzzle kuti asayake). Ma vivarium apamwamba ayenera kutseka ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa mawu ang'ono atha kuthawa (musaiwale za mpweya wabwino!).
Kukula: kukula kwa anthu atatu - 60x30x30 cm, kwa achule 10-12 - 90x40x50 cm.
Gawo (gawo lapansi): sphagnum moss, Javanese moss.
Kuyeretsa / kuyeretsa: mantella yolimba imakhala yodetsedwa, kotero kuti vivarium iyenera kutsukidwa masiku onse a 5-7, ngati pali achule ambiri - masiku atatu aliwonse. Ngati malo a terarium samatsukidwa pa nthawi, ma bullets amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Poyeretsa ndi kukonza gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga Detox. Pambuyo pochotsa dambo, zinthu zonse zimatsukidwa bwino m'madzi oyera.

Kutentha: nthawi ya masana - 20-21 ° C (mpaka 23,5 ° C kuloledwa), nthawi yausiku - 18-20 ° C.
Kutentha: kugwiritsa ntchito chopukutira (chokhala ndi thermostat) chopezeka pansi pa 1/2 pansi pa terarium.
Kuunikira: nyali za fluorescent zomwe zimakhala ndi ma radiation athunthu a UV. Masana maola: chilimwe - maola 14, nthawi yozizira (Novembala-Marichi) - maola 11.
Chinyezi: mpaka 90%. Pewani madzi kamodzi patsiku.
Zomera: Zokwera (mwachitsanzo Fittonia, ivy wamba), fernal spiral, bromeliads, thukuta. Zomera zimabzalidwa choyamba mumiphika, kenako ndikuyika mu terarium. Pansi pamiphika yokutidwa ndi moss.
Pond: mbale yosaya (2 cm, mainchesi 10) ndi madzi omveka. Mbaleyi imayikidwa kutali ndi kutentha ndi kuwala.
Kupanga: muyenera kuwonjezera miyala, mitengo, nthambi (chilichonse chomwe chimapanga malo obisika ndi okwera).

Kubala Golide Mantella

Kukonzekera: pamalo abwino, abambo amakhala ndi magawo ndikuyamba kuyimba. Ngati gawo la amuna silinafotokozeredwe bwino, amayimba bwino, amachulukitsa chakudya, ndipo pamasiku ofunda amawaza madzi panthaka. Chibwenzi cha mantella chimachitika mobisa, pansi pa khungwa kapena mitengo. Mazira sayenera kukhudzidwa kwa masiku angapo atagona. Akazi amatha kuyikira mazira miyezi iwiri iliyonse.
Adatha kusinthidwa / malo otentha: Kutentha kwa madzi kwa ma tadpoles - 18-23 ° C.
Chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi: 2-3: 1
Mimba / makulitsidwe: mukamaberekera ana ang'ono ku ukapolo, mazira ambiri osabereka amawonekera. Chifukwa chake, ngati mkati mwa maola 18-30 atagona, palibe zizindikiro za kakulidwe kamene kamayang'aniridwa m'mazira, zikutanthauza kuti sanatengere feteleza.
Chomera: mphutsi zamkati mkati mwa masiku 2-6. Patulani mazira pafupipafupi. Nthawi yonse yopanga ma tadpole, onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa madzi kuchokera ku tadpoles. Kuti muchotse mchira wa ma tadpoles, muyenera kukonzekera kuwonjezera: pangani gombe lofatsa (ikani gombe ndi moss) kuti achule atuluke m'madzi. Mantella atangofika pamtunda ndikukula mpaka 5-10 mm, iyenera kuyikidwa mu chidebe cha pulasitiki chotsalira (pansi pake pali mulara ndi moss), musaiwale kuyika mbale yaying'ono (2,5 cm) ndi madzi mkati. Malalanje ang'onoang'ono amadyetsedwa nsabwe za m'masamba, popeza Drosophila ndi wamkulu kwambiri kwa iwo. Pakadali pano pa chitukuko, chiwerengero chaimfa cha 30-50% chimawonedwa ndimawu, ngakhale chakudya chochuluka bwanji. Pambuyo pa masabata 10-12, ma mantelles amawapaka utoto wowala ndikukula mpaka 10-14 mm.
Kudyetsa achinyamata: ma tadpoles ndi herbivores, koma amatha kudya nyama, nsomba nsomba (trout) ndi letesi (tsamba la letesi limakanikizidwa mpaka pansi pa terarium ndi mwala).
Kukula: Kutengera mitundu - masiku 40 mpaka 60.

Matenda A Golden Mantella

Matendawa amatenga matenda: mantelles nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino, ndipo ngati agwidwa mwachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ali ndi matenda kale (chifukwa chake ndibwino kugula zovala zakubadwa). Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, mantella amadwala mosavuta matenda osiyanasiyana a bacteria. Achule onse atsopano ayenera kukhala kwaokha milungu iwiri.
Matenda akulu: kutenga kachilombo ka bacteria Aeromonas hydrophilia, HRMSS (minofu cramp syndrome chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri), matenda ena a amphibians.

Ndemanga: Amuna achimuna chagolide ndi ochepa komanso ochepa thupi kuposa akazi, samatupa ngati mitundu ina ya zovala. Nthawi zina, achule omwe amakhala m'matumbo amkati amatha kuwona madontho ofiira (mawanga), izi sizizindikiro za matenda ofiira "mwendo wofiyira", koma mtundu wachilengedwe wa namwali wagolide.

Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca)

Uthenga ilya 72 »Aug 04, 2014 8:58 pm

Kutentha kwa Zinthu: 22-24
Chakudya: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono

Onjezani kapena kuwonjezera mafotokozedwe Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) zotheka mu ulusiwu.
Funsani funso Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) zotheka mu ulusiwu kapena gawo la Terrarium

Bungwe loyang'anira malo opangira zovala zagolide

Ngakhale achule awa ndi ochepa, amafunikira malo owalitsira. Izi ndichifukwa choti abambo akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka: akumenyera malo odyetserako ndi kubereka.

Kwa gulu la anthu 6, malo owonjezera a 80 pofika 30 ndi 30 masentimita ndi oyenera. Pokhapokha ngati mu terariamu mupezeka malo ambiri okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zingawononge voliyumu. Chiwerengero cha malo ogona chizikhala chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa achule.

Amakhala m'malo obiriwira mvula, kumapeto ndi kumapiri kumapiri.

Zomera zingabzalidwe mu terarium, koma zosavuta zosayenera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Malo ojambulidwa ndi zomera zofunikira ndi abwino, chifukwa amawoneka bwino.

Gawo lapansi mu terarium liyenera kusunga chinyezi pomwe osamatirira matupi a achule. Osagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamiyala; mutha kuyika matawulo amiyala pansi pa bwalo.

Malo otetezerako amayenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro chodalirika, popeza ma mantel agolide amatha kukwera ngakhale yaying'ono.

Chule izi sizilekerera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwumitsa mpweya.

Chinyezi ndi kutentha mu terarium

Achule awa amakhala otentha kwambiri. Mu terarium, amavomerezedwa kuti azisamalira kutentha kwa madigiri 20-23 masana, ndipo usiku amatsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 18. Zomwe zili m'matumba agolide m'matenthedwe pamwamba pa madigiri 27, zimayamba kupindika minofu, yomwe imatha muimfa. Koma amalekerera madontho kutentha 14 madigiri.

Achule awa amamva bwino mu chinyezi chachikulu. Ngati chinyezi chotsika, ndiye kuti mantella imakhala yotupa, ndipo ndi malo owuma, zinthu zawo zimatha mphamvu m'madzi mwachangu. Mkati mwa terariamu, chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala 70-100%. Chifukwa chaichi, malo okhala mantellas amathiridwa madzi nthawi zonse, kapena malo amadzi amatha kukhazikitsa.

Mulinso mawu ofikira m'malo opotera mozungulira mozungulira ndi dothi louma la hygroscopic.

M'chaka chonse, mawu amkati wagolide ayenera kukhala ndi chidebe chamadzi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira. Koma gombelo liyenera kukhala losavuta kuti achule atulukemo bwino, chifukwa siofunika kusambira, ndipo amatha kumira ngati sangathe kutuluka m'madzi. Madzi a mpopi amathandizidwa ndikuwongolera mpweya kuti muchotse chlorine ndi zitsulo zolemera; m'malo mwa madzi apampopi, madzi a m'mabotolo amagwira ntchito bwino.

Kubala Golide Mantella

Amisala agolide amaberekanso bwino akamasungidwa m'magulu momwe mumakhala amuna angapo amkazi aliyense. Kuti muchepetse kubereka kwa miyezi itatu, michere yochulukirapo komanso youma imapangidwa, kuchepetsa kuunikira kwa maola 10 patsiku. Madzi amachepetsedwa, ndipo malo ogwiritsidwira ntchito amathiridwa kamodzi kokha pa sabata. Panthawi yotere, thanzi la ziweto liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, popeza izi sizili bwino kwa iwo. Ngati anthu ena achepetsa thupi kapena kukhala oopsa, amasamutsidwira kumalo opangira zinthu ngati muyezo.

Mazira A Golden Mantella.

Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kutentha, chinyezi komanso kulimbitsa mphamvu kumachulukitsidwa. Masabata angapo patatha nthawi yozizira komanso youma, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuphuka.

Akazi amayikira mazira mu chovunda chonyowa komanso chotentha, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa magulu a moss. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakumana ndi gawo limodzi lokha la ng'ombe. Kuchokera pamaboma amodzi, ma tadpoles osiyanasiyana ochokera kwa 10-90 anthu akhoza kupezeka. Mazira osabereka amakhala ndi utoto wowala, koma kenako amasintha bulauni.

Ndikwabwino kusunga achule oterowo m'magulu, amakonda kwambiri makampani.

Mazira amakolola pambuyo masiku atatu ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe china chomwe akukulira. Mazira amayikidwa pamulu wa Javanese moss, kuti asakhale m'madzi kwathunthu, koma amangogwira. Pakupita sabata limodzi, tadpoles amapanga mkati mwa caviar. Chombocho chiyenera kutsekedwa kuti chikhalebe chinyezi. Caviar nthawi ndi nthawi amathiridwa ndi madzi kuti ma tadpoles awoneke mosavuta.

Chisamaliro Cha Golden Mantella Tadpole

Masiku oyambira pambuyo pa ma tadpoles, samadyetsedwa. Mapaipi amadzalidwa mumapulasitiki okhala ndi Javanese moss ndi ma stindapsus, ma tadpoles amabisala muzomera, komanso amathandizira mtundu wamadzi.

Mwana wobadwa kumene wa golide.

Poyamba, kuya kwa madzi mumtsuko ndi masentimita 5, koma pakapita nthawi amakweza masentimita 10. Madzi ampopi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati amathandizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino, chifukwa ma tadpoles amafunikira madzi abwino. Kutentha kwamadzi kumasungidwa mkati mwa madigiri 18-26. Koma kusinthaku sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.

Ma tadpoles amadyetsedwa ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka spirulina, nthaka chlorella, flakes za nsomba ndi zonyamula ma turtles. Zosakaniza zonse zimakhazikitsidwa m'matope ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa ma tadpo tsiku lililonse.Simungathe kuwathetsa, chifukwa madzi amapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Mapaipi amadyanso algae kuchokera ku makoma achombo ndi anzawo akufa.

Akuluakulu, subcutaneous glands secre toin monga Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin, etc.

Madzi samasefa, koma amasinthidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa madzi amayenda ndivulaza tadpoles osalimba. Tsiku lililonse, 1/3 yamadzi imasinthidwa, ndikusinthidwa kwathunthu, pokhapokha mavuto atabuka.

Kukula kwa ma tadpoles kuchokera kumasoni omwewo nthawi zambiri sikuchitika mwanjira yomweyo. Mapaipi amakula pafupifupi masabata 4-8. Kutsogolo kwamtsogolo kwawo kukatukuka, amatuluka m'madzi, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amayikidwa mu chidebe chosiyana ndi mulingo wamadzi osaposa 1,3cm. Chidebe ichi chimaphimbidwanso.

Mchirawo ukasowa pa tadpoles, achule ang'onoang'ono amabzalidwa mu nyumba yopanda taulo ta pepala pansi. Pakhale zotetezedwa, masamba a mitengo ya thundu, masamba a scindapsus, kapena mbewu zokumba m khola.

Malinga ndi gulu la IUCN, anthu achule a mtundu wa Golden Mantella, chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa nkhalango zotentha, amadziwika kuti Endangered Species (CR) ndipo akuopsezedwa kutha.

Chisamaliro Chaching'ono cha Mantella

Mchirawo ukazimiririka, kutalika kwa achulewo kudzakhala mamilimita 700. Pakadali pano ali ndi mtundu wamkuwa. Chule chimadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Drosophila ndi zitsamba zatsopano ndizoyenera kuchita izi.

Ngati achule ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo sangathe kupirira ndi chakudya chotere, ndiye kuti masamba a masamba omwe amayambira mumsewu amayikidwa mumtsuko, momwe achule amapezeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Achule akatembenukira miyezi 2-3, amamuthira mu chidebe ndi dothi lonyowa, pomwe pamakhala miyala, zidutswa za khungwa ndi zomera zopangira malo okhala.

Achule amasamaliranso, komanso zovala zachikulire zagolidi, zomwe zimangosintha pakudya. Achule achichepere ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya nthawi zonse. Miyezi 3-8 achule atasiya madzi, ali ndi mtundu wachikulire.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Nkhani

Idalandira dzina lake lasayansi polemekeza wothandizira waku America waku Czech yemwe James Zetek, yemwe adatchuka pakufufuza kwake pankhani yokhudzana ndi zida zama mankhwala pachimake ndi momwe angatetezere mipando kuti isalowe. Chithunzi chake chimayikidwa pamatikiti a lottery ya dziko la Panamani, ambiri amawona ngati chizindikiro cha dzikolo.

Izi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani, pamwamba pa thupi lake muli neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, yemwe ali ndi vuto la neuroparalytic. Kuzunza kwake ndikokwanira kutumiza anthu angapo kudziko lina. Amwenye amderali mwachikhalidwe amadzola mafuta ndi mivi asanasake ndipo ali ndi zolengedwa zowopsa koma zokongola ngati ziweto.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa amuna amuna kumakhala ndi 35-5 cm, ndipo akazi 45-63 mm. Kulemera kumachokera ku 4 mpaka 15. Thupi loonda limawoneka lofooka kwambiri.

Khungu losalala ndi chikaso chachikasu kapena lalanje lokhala ndi mawanga amdima osiyanasiyana. Mutu pang'ono wochepetsedwa mpaka muzzle. Maso akulu okhala ndi ana owerengeka ali pambali ya mutu patsogolo. Makutu sawoneka, eardrum adakutidwa ndi khungu. Tizilombo ta poizoni timakhala kumbuyo kwa maso.

Kufalitsa

Atelope Tseteka ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya ku Central America. Pakadali pano amapezeka pakatikati mwa Panama. Kuchulukana komaliza kwa chule chagolide kumasungidwa kumadera a Western Panama ndi Kokle. Amakhala kufupi ndi tawuni yaying'ono ya El Valle de Anton komanso Altos de Campana National Park pamitunda ya 330-1300 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mtundu wa Atelopus zeteki watsala pang'ono kutha. Ku Houston Zoo (USA), ntchito ikupitidwa kuti ikubwezeretse ku ukapolo ndi malo ena achilengedwe. A Amphibians amakhala munkhalango zamvula ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi komanso wazungulira.

Achule nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Satha kukhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa iye, zomwe zidapangitsa kutsika koopsa kwa iwo. Kuchiritsa koyenera kwa mliriwu sikupangidwebe.

Kulankhulana

Achule agolide ku Panamani amalumikizana wina ndi mzake kudzera pakumveka kwa pakhosi komanso kusuntha kwamiyendo. Chida cha zida zamalumikizidwe ndichachidziwikire ndipo chimatha kufalitsa zambiri. Manja amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti akhazikitse dongosolo lotsogola, maubale, kuwonetsa udani kapena ubwenzi.

Anthu amoyo okhala ndi moyo azindikira malo a miyendo yopanda moyo ngati maitanidwe, angathe, ataphatikizana kosasangalatsa, angakwiyire kwambiri ndikuwombera anthu amtundu wankhanza. Zizindikiro zomveka nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzanu komanso ngati kuli koopsa.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mphutsi zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, achikulire amadya tizilombo, akangaude ndi mphero. Kusaka kumachitika nthawi yamasana. Peak ya zochitika zake imachitika m'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo.

Chule imafunafuna nyama yayitali pamtunda, ikuyenda limodzi ndi masamba owala.

Ngati ndi kotheka, kulumpha mosazungulira pamitengo ndikupeza zikho pamenepo. Chilombo chimasaka munthu wobisalira, kuti chigwire wolankhula ndi lilime.

Kuswana

Chule chagolideyu chimafika paunyamata ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yakukhwima imachitika nthawi yachilimwe munthawi yamvula, pomwe kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika, chifukwa chamabowo, malo obowoleza mitengo, omwe amadzaza madzi kapena mapiri ang'onoang'ono kumapiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Amphongo amphongo mosatopa kuti akope akazi. Kuponya kwa Caviar ndi umuna wake zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Mu malo amodzi mumakhala mazira 100, omwe osaposa 70-90% amakhala ndi umuna.

Kwa masiku angapo, champhongo chokhacho chimasunga ubweya, kudikirira kubadwa kwa ana pomwe makulitsidwe amatha.

Ngati pakadali pano madzi ali m dzenje kapena chitsa, ndiye kuti bambo wachikondi amasamutsa ana ake kumalo ena apafupi.

Kukula kwa Tadpole kumatha mpaka milungu 4. Kuperewera kwa chakudya kumadzetsa chiphuphu pakati pa mphutsi. Opulumuka omwe amakhala ndi moyo amatsata metamorphosis yathunthu ndikusintha achule aang'ono pafupifupi 10 mm ndi kulemera kwa 1. Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, womwe pang'onopang'ono umatha akamakula.

Achule ang'ono, abulauni oderako samakhala poyipa. Akuluakulu, subcutaneous glands secre toxin monga Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin, Pyrrolizidine, Indolizidine ndi Quinolizidine, omwe amateteza achule ku matenda a bacteria komanso fungal, komanso ku zilombo zodwala. Kuphatikizika ndi kulimba kwa ziphe zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zovala zam'golidi zimatengera chakudya komanso malo awo, mwina nyerere ndi chiswe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chakudya ndizowathandiza.

Chitetezo chakunja

Malinga ndi gulu la IUCN, anthu achule a mtundu wa Golden Mantella, chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa nkhalango zotentha, amadziwika kuti Endangered Species (CR) ndipo akuopsezedwa kutha. Mu 1990s, zovala zam'golidi zidagwidwa mwachangu ndikuzitumiza kunja kwambiri, komwe zidagulitsidwa kumisika yakunyumba. Mu 2006, kutengera mitundu ya achule ku mayiko a European Community kudaletsedwa. Pakadali pano, zovala zakugolide zili mkati ndikufufuzidwa kudutsa chilengedwe chonse mu malo osungirako nyama 35 ndi asayansi.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Kuti mukonze, mumafunikira malo ocheperako, otsekedwa pamwamba ndi mauna ndi galasi pang'ono (kuti mukhale chinyezi). Achule amafunikira chinyezi chambiri - 85 - 95%, chifukwa chomwechi amathothola kuchokera mu siponji ndi madzi ofunda. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyika pobisalira konyowa kuchokera kumakungwa ndi mabatani. Wokuledzerayo akuyenera kukhala osaya, pomwepo ndizosavuta kuti achule atuluke. Dothi ndi chisakanizo cha masamba okongola, fumbi lamatamba ndi peat kapena sphagnum, pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi pilo ya moss. Kutentha masana - 25, usiku - 20 ° C. Kuchepetsa kukakamizidwa kumalimbikitsidwa: nthawi yozizira, ma manteled amasungidwa kutentha kwa 5-10 ° C kwa miyezi iwiri. Chule izi sizilekerera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwuma kwa mpweya.

Dziwe laling'ono limafunikira mu terarium, madzi omwe sayenera kupitirira masentimita 2-3. nkhalango zamapiri ozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa 15-24 ° C ndi kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 90%). Mvula yamvumbi imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi: kuyambira Novembala mpaka March, nyengo yadzuwa (ndiye kuzizira) kugwera pa Epulo-Okutobala. Chovala chachigolidi chimatha kupezeka pansi ndi madambo, pansi masamba kapena mitengo yamtengo.