Gawo lalikulu limakhala la mtundu wamtunduwu, ndi mbalame yopatsanso ndipo imapanga mitundu yodziwika mwa mtundu wake.
Chimakhala kudera la Europe, kulikonse, kupatula kumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula. Mbalamezi zimakhalanso ku North Africa, ku Central ndi North Asia, ku Middle East, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, ku Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia. Mdziko lathu, chakhumi chimafalikira ku dera la ku Europe la dzikolo, m'chigawo cha Amur, Transbaikalia komanso kumwera kwa Siberia. Mtunduwu sugwidwa kuti usamuke ndipo umakhala nthawi zonse m'gawo limodzi, ngakhale mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto. Ndege zochuluka za ma tambala opita kumalo abwino kwambiri a malo okhala zimawonedwa pazaka zochepa chabe.
Great tit (Parus yayikulu).
Mtundu wa Blue
Blue Tit ndiye wokongola kwambiri wabanja lake. Ndiwocheperako pang'ono kuposa gawo lalikulu. Mizere yake imatha kutalika mpaka 14 cm ndipo imakhala ndi kulemera kwa 10-15 g. Inde, ali ndi banja lofanana. Koma mtengo wamtunduwu ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha chipewa choyera chokhala ndi kachidutswa ka buluu pamutu pake. Mtundu wake ndi wabuluu wobiriwira komanso maolivi obiriwira maolivi. Age Blue Blue imatha kutsimikizika ndi kukula kwamtundu. Mbalame zazing'ono zowala kwambiri kuposa oimira achikulire a mtunduwu.
Kufotokozera kwa tit
Mawu akuti "tit" adapangidwa kuchokera ku dzina "mtundu wa buluu", chifukwa chake, limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi utoto wa mbalame, Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), yemwe kale anali wa mtundu wa tits. Mitundu yambiri yomwe kale inali yamatini enieni tsopano yasinthidwa kukhala m'gulu la mitundu ina: Sittiparus, Machlolophus, Periarus, Melaniparus, Pseudopodoces, gaits (Poecile) ndi azure (Cyanistes).
Mawonekedwe
Banja la Titmouse limaphatikizira ndi ma subspecies: thunzi zazitali zazitali komanso zazitali . Padziko lapansi masiku ano pali mitundu yoposa zana ya mbalame zodziwika bwino komanso zophunzitsidwa bwino, koma ndichizolowezi kumaona mbalame ngati mbalame zenizeni, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu banja la titmouse. Oimira amtundu wa Grey Tit amadziwika ndi chingwe chakuda chakuda pamimba, komanso kusowa kwa crest. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yayikulu ndi mtundu wa imvi wammbuyo, kapu yakuda, mawanga oyera pamasaya ndi chifuwa chowala. Mimba yake ndi yoyera, ndi mzere wakuda wakuda.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mchira wake ndiwotcha phulusa ndipo nthenga za mchira wake ndi mchira. Chovala chamkati chimakhalanso chakuda pakatikati ndi mtundu wazoyera pamitundu.
Mitundu yayikuluyi ndi mbalame yam'madzi, yotchedwa swivel bird, yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 13 mpaka 17, yotalika masentimita 14 mpaka 21 ndi mapiko osaposa masentimita 22 mpaka 26. Mtunduwu umasiyana khosi ndi mutu wakuda, komanso umathamangira mkati masaya oyera, oyera kumtunda. Mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu imasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti nyumba yam'manja izisilira kapena kukhala pamalo amodzi nthawi yayitali. Mbalame yotere imazolowera kusuntha kosalekeza, koma ndiyosazindikira kwenikweni m'malo okhalamo nyama yokhala ndi tsitsi. Mwa zina, operekawo alibe nawo mpikisano mu kusayenda bwino, kusuntha komanso chidwi, ndipo chifukwa cha miyendo yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri mbalame yaying'ono yotereyi imatha kuchita zanzeru zambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse yaulemu.
Chifukwa cha ma thunzi opangidwa bwino, ma tiniwa amapulumuka ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta, amakhala patali kwambiri ndi chisa chawo. Kukhomera mabatani kumtunda kwa nthambiyo, mbalameyo imagona msanga, ndikufanana ndi mtanda wawung'ono komanso wowonda kwambiri. Ndi gawo ili lomwe limalipulumutsa nthawi yozizira kwambiri yozizira. Khalidwe la maubulo onsewa limangokhala, koma mitundu ina, malinga ndi akatswiri, imakonda kuyendayenda nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ngakhale zili choncho, mtundu uliwonse wa ma tini uli ndi mawonekedwe awo okha, mawonekedwe ake, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amagwirizanitsa onse oimira mtunduwo ndiwokongola komanso wosaiwalika, machitidwe ake oyipa kwambiri ndikungoyimba mokweza, mosangalatsa mogwirizana.
Njira zosungunulira mbalame zamtunduwu mwachilengedwe zimachitika kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Grey tit, monga lamulo, imawonedwa pawiri, koma nthawi zina mbalame zotere zimaphatikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a intraspecific kapena ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Abusa omwe amatchedwa osakanikirana amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri kupeza chakudya munyengo yanjala.
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yonse ya ma tini ndi amtundu wa magulu enieni azachilengedwe. Anthu akuluakulu amayesetsa kuwononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri, kuti atipulumutse. Mwachitsanzo, kuti banja limodzi la ma tulo adyetse ana ake, amafunika kuchotsa mitengo yoposa inayi kuchokera ku tizirombo. Kuti mulumikizane wina ndi mnzake, mbalame yam'manja imagwiritsa ntchito tweet yapadera "yosasangalatsa", yomwe imakumbukira mawu omveka ndi a "buluu wamtambo wamtambo."
Mangati ma toni amoyo
Moyo wa titmouse mu chilengedwe umakhala wochepa kwambiri ndipo, monga lamulo, ndi zaka zitatu zokha. Ikasungidwa mu ukapolo, Great Tit imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa nyama yokhala ndi mbeyu yodabwitsayi kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo okonzanso komanso malamulo odyetsa.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Akazi achikhumi amakhala ndi gawo locheperako komanso losenda pamimba . Akazi a gawo lalikulu ndi ofanana kwambiri maonekedwe a amuna, koma ambiri, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongolera pang'ono, kotero matani akuda pamutu ndi malo pachifuwa amawasiyanitsidwa ndi hue wakuda, ndipo kolala ndi mkanda wakuda pamimba ndizochepa pang'ono ndipo amatha kuthyoka .
Mitundu ya ma Tits
Malinga ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi International Union of Ornithologists, mtundu wa Parus umaphatikizapo mitundu inayi:
- Gray tit (Parus cinereus ) - mtundu womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yomwe kale inali ya mtundu wa Great Tit (Parus zazikulu),
- Bolshak , kapena Big tit (Parus wamkulu ) - Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yambiri,
- Kummawa , kapena ChiJapan (Parus wocheperako ) - mtundu woyimiriridwa ndi magulu angapo nthawi imodzi, omwe sasiyananso pakusakanikirana kapena pafupipafupi.
- Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira (Parus monticolus ).
Mpaka posachedwa, mitundu yam'mawa kapena yaku Japan idatchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wa gawo lalikulu, koma chifukwa cha zoyeserera za aku Russia zitha kudziwa kuti mitundu iwiriyi imangokhala bwino.
Habitat, malo okhala
Gawo lakumaso limayimiriridwa ndi magulu khumi ndi atatu:
- R.c. Ambiguus - wokhalamo pachilumba cha Malacca komanso chilumba cha Sumatra,
- P.c. Caschmirensis wokhala ndi imvi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Afghanistan, kumpoto kwa Pakistan ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India,
- P.c. сinereus Vieillot - magulu aang'ono omwe amakhala pachilumba cha Java ndi Zilumba za Sunda Little,
- P.c. desоlorans Koelz - wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Afghanistan ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pakistan,
- P.c. hainanus E.J.O. Nartert ndi wokhala ku Hainan Island,
- P.c. intermedius Zarudny ndi wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Turkmenistan,
- P.c. mahrättarum E.J.O. Nartert ndi wokhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India komanso chilumba cha Sri Lanka,
- P.c. panorum E.J.O. Nartert ndi wokhala kumpoto kwa India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, chigawo chapakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Myanmar,
- P.c. sаrаwacensis Slater - wokhala pachilumba cha Kalimantan,
- P.c. sturaye Kölz - wokhala kumadzulo, pakati komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India,
- P.c. temrlrum Meyer de Sсhauensee - wokhala pakati ndipo kumadzulo kwa Thailand, kumwera kwa Indochina,
- P.c. vauriеi Rirli - wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India,
- P.c. ziaratensis Whistler ndi wokhala pakati komanso kumwera kwa Afghanistan, kumadzulo kwa Pakistan.
Gawo lalikulu ndi wokhala kudera lonse la Middle East ndi Europe, limapezeka kumpoto ndi Central Asia, komwe kumakhala madera ena kumpoto kwa Africa. Mitundu khumi ndi isanu ya gawo lalikulu ili ndi malo osiyana pang'ono:
- P.m. rhrodite - wokhala kum'mwera kwa Italiya, kumwera kwa Greece, zilumba za Nyanja ya Aegean ndi Kupro,
- P.m. blanfordi - wokhala kumpoto kwa Iraq, kumpoto, kumpoto kwa chigawo chapakati komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Iran,
- P.m. bokharensis - wokhala m'dera la Turkmenistan, kumpoto kwa Afghanistan, kumwera kwa chigawo chapakati ku Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan,
- P.m. sorsus - wokhala m'dera la Portugal, kumwera kwa Spain ndi Corsica,
- P.m. eski - wokhala m'zigawo za Sardinia,
- P.m. exсesus ndi wokhalamo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, kuyambira kumadzulo kwa Morocco mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tunisia,
- P.m. Ferghanensis - wokhala ku Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan komanso kumadzulo kwa China,
- P.m. karustini - wokhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan kapena Dzungarian Alatau, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China ndi Mongolia, Transbaikalia, madera omwe amakhala kumtunda kwa Amur ndi Primorye, gawo lakumpoto kufikira pagombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk,
- P.m. Karelini - wokhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Azerbaijan komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Iran,
- P.m. majоr - wokhala kumene ku Europe, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa chigawo chapakati, komanso kumpoto kwa Spain, ma Balkan ndi kumpoto kwa Italiya, Siberia chakum'mawa mpaka Nyanja ya Baikal, kumwera chakumapiri kwa Mapiri a Altai, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, kumapezeka ku Asia Minor, ha Caucasus ndi Azerbaijan kupatula kumwera chakum'mawa,
- P.m. Mallorsay - wokhala kuazilumba za Balearic,
- P.m. Nevtoni - wokhala ku Britain Isles, Netherlands ndi Belgium, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France.
- P.m. niethammameri - wokhala m'zigawo za Krete,
- P.m. terraesanctae - wokhala ku Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Egypt,
- P.m. Turkstanistanus ndi nzika yakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan komanso madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia.
Kuthengo, nthumwi za mitundu ya zinyama zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana m'nkhalango, nthawi zambiri m'malo otseguka komanso kumapeto, ndimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe.
Chigawo chakum'mawa kapena chachi Japan chimayimiridwa ndi mabungwe asanu ndi anayi:
- P.m. amamiensis - wokhala kumpoto kwa zilumba za Ryukyu,
- P.m. сommixtus - wokhala kum'mwera kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa Vietnam,
- P.m. dagletensis - wokhala pachilumba cha Ullyndo pafupi ndi Korea,
- P.m. kagoshimae - wokhala kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Kyushu ndi zilumba za Goto,
- P.m. Wamng'ono - wokhala kum'mawa kwa Siberia, kumwera kwa Sakhalin, kum'mawa kwa chigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Korea ndi Japan,
- P.m. nigrilоris - wokhala kum'mwera kwa zilumba za Ryukyu,
- P.m. nubiolus - wokhala kummawa kwa Myanmar, kumpoto kwa Thailand komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Indochina,
- P.m. okinaway - wokhala pakati pa zilumba za Ryukyu,
- P.m. Tibetanus ndi munthu wokhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Tibet, kumwera chakumadzulo komanso kumwera kwa chigawo cha China, kumpoto kwa Myanmar.
Mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira yafalikira ku Bangladesh ndi Bhutan, ku China ndi India, komanso ikukhala ku Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand ndi Vietnam. Malo okhala zachilengedwe zamtunduwu ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso nkhalango m'malo otentha, madera otentha komanso nkhalango zotentha.
Ndalama
Panthawi yobereketsa, ma tiniwa amadya ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, komanso mphutsi zawo. Magawo okhala ndi magulu owononga mitundu yambiri amaononga tizilombo tambiri m'nkhalango. Komabe, maziko a chakudya cha gawo lililonse panthawiyi nthawi zambiri amayimiridwa:
- mbozi za gulugufe
- akangaude
- zida zazing'ono ndi nsikidzi zina,
- tiziromboti, kuphatikizapo ntchentche, udzudzu ndi midges,
- Zamoyo zokhala ndi mapiko apakati, kuphatikiza nsikidzi.
Ma titmala amathanso kudya mapete, orthopterans mwa mawonekedwe a ziwala ndi ma crickets, chinjoka chaching'ono, reticuliformes, earwigs, nyerere, nkhupakupa ndi mphero. Mbalame yachikulire imatha kusangalala ndi njuchi, pomwe mbola imachotsedwa kale . Kutulutsa kwamasamba, tinsalu timatha kugwira nyama zomwe zimadya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe, titangochoka nthawi yozizira, sizimangokhala zopanda ntchito komanso mbalame. Nkhupakupa zimadyetsedwa, monga lamulo, ndi mbozi zamitundu yonse ya agulugufe, omwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikuposa 10 mm.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, ntchito zamitundu yambiri zodyetsa, kuphatikiza mbewu za hazel ndi beech yaku Europe, zimawonjezera kwambiri mu chakudya cha titmouse. Mbalame zimadyera m'minda ndikufesedwa ndi zinyalala za chimanga, rye, oats ndi tirigu.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia nthawi zambiri zimadya zipatso ndi mbewu zina mwazomera zambiri:
- anadya ndi paini
- mapiri ndi linden,
- lilacs
- nsapato
- sorelo wamahatchi
- pikulnikov,
- burdock
- redberryberry
- irgi
- phulusa laphiri
- mabuluni
- hemp ndi mpendadzuwa.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtundu waukulu ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu, kuphatikiza Blue Tit ndi Muscovite, ndikuchepa kwa masheya awo omwe nthawi yachisanu. Mbalame zachinyengo komanso zam'madzi zotere zimatha kupeza mwaluso kwambiri zomwe zinatengedwa ndikubisala pakugwa kwa mbalame zina. Malinga ndi akatswiri, nthawi zina nthumwi za mtundu wa Great Tit zimatha kudya zovalazo.
Kuti mudyetse, tini timakonda kuyendera odyetsa mbalame m'mizinda ndi m'mapaki momwe amadyetsa mbewu za mpendadzuwa, zotsalira za chakudya ndi mkate, komanso batala ndi zidutswa za mafuta anyama. Komanso, zoweta zimapezeka mu korona zamitengo, nthawi zambiri pamiyala yamitengo ndi masamba a undergrowth kapena zitsamba.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ndiye gawo lalikulu kuti pakati pa mitundu yonse ya anthu omwe ali ndi ma passorines omwe ali ndi mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wazinthu zosaka, ndipo mwa kupha rosette, oatmeal wamba, flycatcher wamatenda, mfumu yamutu wachikasu kapena chipewa, nyama yokhala ndi ulusiyo imasokoneza ubongo wawo kwa iwo.
Zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi zipolopolo zolimba kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mtedza, zimayamba kuthyoledwa ndi mulomo. Chakudya chachikulu ndichakudya. Zoyimira zamtunduwu ndizodziwika bwino monga ma scavenger osatha komanso wamba nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zomwe sizimadziwika.
Tithe ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi mpheta yodziwika bwino, imakhala yofanana kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi, kuchokera patali amatha kusokonezeka, koma kuchokera patali, onani chithunzicho, komabe, titmouse ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri. Pali pamimba chachikasu chowala ndi "tayeti" wakuda, chipewa chakuda ndi chamtambo pamutu, mpango wamaso pakhosi, masaya oyera, msana wamtambo wobiriwira, mapiko otuwa ndi mchira wabuluu. Mukufunsa momwe malongosoledwe a mbalameyi ndi amtambo , chifukwa chomwe mbalameyo inkatchedwa titmouse .
Dzinalo la mbalame iyi - chakhumi sichinachokera m'madzi ambiri, koma kuchokera pakumayimba kokoma, zili mnyumba yokhala ngati kulira kwa belu, zin-xin-qi-qi. Ngakhale zili choncho, pakati pa tiniyo pali iwo omwe amavala chipewa cha buluu ndi chikasu chokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yabuluu, iyi ndi titmouse ya buluu. Chithunzi chake chili kumapeto kwa tsambali. Ndi yaying'ono pang'ono poyerekeza ndi gawo wamba, koma kukongola kwa maula sikotsika kuposa ma parrots, chifukwa chake tikufanizira chakhumi ndi mpheta, chowonadi ndichakuti akuchokera ku banja lomwelo la passerines, nawonso amalumphira pansi akudya, ngati mpheta. Nthawi yomweyo, maumunthu a titmouse achikazi ndiwotsika kuposa amphongo ndipo amatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ali kutali.
Koma kuuluka ngati mbalame kumakhala kofunika kuti mbalame zonse ziziphunzira, sizimapepuka mapiko ake pamene zikuuluka, kupulumutsa mphamvu, zomwe mpheta sizingachite konse. Ndiponso khumi ngati mpheta amadya mbozi za shaggy kuti mbalame zina sizimadya. Omwe alimi amawona zipatso kukhala zoteteza bwino kwambiri minda.
Jozi imodzi ya zipatso zomwe zimakhala m'mundamo zitha kuteteza mitengo ya zipatso 40, ndipo palibe mankhwala owopsa omwe amafunikira m'mundamo. Tsiku lililonse titmouse amatha kuchotsa dimba la mbozi 360 , kangapo akubwerera kuchisa ndi anapiye, amadya chakhumi ndi chisangalalo cha ma bug ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, komanso mphutsi zawo.
Pofuna kuti mbalame za tit zikhazikike m'mundamo, pachikeni titmouse m'mundamo. Titmouse ndi nyumba yozungulira , ngati thunthu lamtengo, ngati nyumba yosanja mbalame, zolowera zokha ndizocheperako.
Komabe, momwe nyumbayo ilili ndi ma tiniyo ikhoza kukhala ina iliyonse, ngati mbalame zokha zikadakonda. Titmouse m'nkhalango mumakhala m'maenje opangidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa, iwo sadziwa kupanga, ingokumbukirani ana, titmouse ikuyenera kutsukidwa kuyambira zisa zakale M'nyumba zokhala ndi zisa zakale, malonje sakhazikika .
Tit, mbalame yozizira kapena yosamukasamuka.
Tit ndi mpheta yozizira pachakudya chodyera
Mbalame ya tit kukhazikika osati osamuka Mukakhala m'nkhalangomo, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira imayandikira pafupi ndi anthu, kuminda ndi mapaki, komwe kumakhala kotentha ndipo mutha kupeza chakudya, ndipo m'njira, mpheta imafika. Ku Russia, ngakhale ulonda wotere, ma toni adafika, kudikirira kuti nthawi yozizira ikwane, ndipo tsiku lomwe ma tini adafika mumzinda amatchedwa Sinichkin tsiku, lisanakhalepo ndi tsiku la 12 Novembala.
Chifukwa chake, ana nthawi yozizira singano adyetsedwe. Kodi kudyetsa ma buluu?
Titmouse imatha kudyetsedwa:
- mpendadzuwa
- mafuta a nkhumba - opanga mafuta a nkhumba amasangalala.
- mpunga wowiritsa, barele kapena balere,
- mbatata.
Mutha kudyetsa ndi buledi, mikate yoyera yokha ndi ma tini amisamba sangathe kudyetsedwa, chifukwa chofufumitsa mopanda mikate yoyera amatha kufa.
Ndipo anawo a thumuyo akudalira, kodi alidi atha kuphunzitsidwa kutenga chakudya m'manja ? Inde, mutha kukhala oleza mtima. Nthawi yomweyo, tambala, amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa inu, amatha kupita nacho kwa bwenzi lake, chachikazi kapena chachimuna, kapena kwa ana ake akuluakulu, omwe palibe mbalame iliyonse. Modabwitsa, mbalame yam'mimba imadya chakudya mosamalitsa, osatero, popanda kumeza iyo yonse, mwachitsanzo, titmouse, ikatenga mbewu, imakanikizira ndi chiuno kupita kunthambi, imalasa ndi mulomo wake ndikukhwekhwererera zidutswa za thupi.
Ngati muli ndi mwayi komanso gawo lakukhalali mdzanja lanu, panga, ngati chithunzicho chingathe - zonse zomwe mukuganiza zichitike - ichi ndi chizindikiro chotchuka.
Kodi ana angawonedwe ngati chinthu choyambitsa mavuto?
Ichi ndi chiwalo chamtundu wa buluu, amavala chipewa cha buluu.
Mutha, amaimba bwino. Akatswiri a nyimbo yamtunduwu amayimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana 40. Nthawi yomweyo, nyumba yofananira yomweyo imatha kusinthanitsa ndi nyimbo zake zingapo - mawondo, osiyanasiyana munthawi yake ndi mtundu wake, phokoso la mawu ndi kuchuluka kwa masilidwe a nyimbo. Chakhumi chachimuna chimayimba bwino kuposa chachikazi , pafupifupi chaka chonse, kupatula nyengo yozizira, pamene mbalame zilibe nthawi ya nyimbo.
Inemwini, ndili ndi nkhani yokhudza mtima kwambiri yolumikizana ndi kuyimba nyimbo yanyumba. Nyumba yanyumba yam'mimba inakhazikika m'tenje lathu, pansi pa denga kwenikweni kumayambiriro kwamasika. Adayimba momwe sakanatha kudziwa m'mawu, kudzuka m'mawa, ndidathamangira kumsewu kuti ndimamvere zolemba zake, ndipo ndikuyenera kudziwa kuti ndidamva kale kanayi ndi agogo anga akuimba nyimbo yamtundu wa mameseji ndipo ndidachedwa kwambiri kuntchito. Mmawa umodzi wokha pomwe adasowa, ndipo phulusa m'bwalomo mphepo idawongoletsa nthenga zamtambo ndi zachikaso.
Zoyenera kuti zinali zabodza. Ndipo tsopano, kwa zaka zambiri tsopano, sindingathe kuyimitsa maluwa m'mundamo, zomwe sindingachite, banja la a Sinichkino limadutsa m'munda mwanga. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndili mwana bambo anga adandiwuza zankhani yomweyi, yekha anali wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa ine lero, ndipo nthawi imeneyo sindinali nawo pantchitoyo.
Nali malangizo anga kwa inu ana - onani chithunzi cha mbalame tit ndipo mukumbukire malongosoledwe ake bwino. Samalani ang'ono, adzakulipirani momwe mungathere, atetezere mundawo, ndipo adzakusangalatsani ndi nyimbo zokongola, ndikupatsanso chiyembekezo chokwaniritsidwa kwa zikhumbo.
Moni okondedwa owerenga tsambali zokhudza zinyama. Alexander akulumikizana nawe. Mukudziwa, mwamwayi ndidakumbukira momwe ndidasangalalira posachedwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa kwa mbalame zokongola kumalo athu ogulitsa mbalame pamtengo m'munda wapafupi ndi nyumbayo. Nthawi zonse timapachika ambiri pamtengo uliwonse nthawi yozizira.
Ndipo nthawi iyi, mbalame zokongola zidawulukira kwa odyetsa, omwe sitinawaone kale m'chilimwe. Awa anali mbalame - zipatso. Wokongola kwambiri, osang'amba maso ako. Munkhaniyi ndikuwuzani mitundu yamitundu yokhala ndi tayi ndikuyang'ana zithunzi zawo.
Kukhazikika kwa zakudya ndi zopatsa thanzi
Kukhazikika kwa mbalamezi kumakhala kotalikirapo. Amatha kupezeka ku Central ndi North Asia, Middle East, komanso ku Europe. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa maiwe, mayiwe, m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zophatikizika.
Monga nyumba yamtunduwu, amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo agologolo ndi mitengo yamatabwa, kapenanso amamangapo zisa modzitchinjiriza pafupifupi mamita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka. Zomwe zimamangidwira mbalamezi ndi ma cobwebs, moss, ubweya, phesi, udzu.
Gawo la khumi ndi limodzi mwa mbalame zowoneka bwino kwambiri za Passeriformes. Amadya mosalekeza tsiku lonse. Chakudya chomwe titmouse samadya nthawi yomweyo chimabisidwa m'malo obisika.
Kudya kwama tini kumasiyana. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndiye chakudya chawo chachikulu, koma timadyanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana, komanso mpendadzuwa ndi nthanga za maungu, mafuta anyama ndi zonona kuchokera mumaketi amkaka omwe amasiya m'madyetsowo.
Nthawi zina mbalame zimadya zovalazo. Chingwe chimadyetsedwa ndi mbozi zazing'ono za agulugufe, msuzi wa tizilombo tophwanyika, ndi ntchentche. Zakudya zophika, zamchere komanso zowononga zimavulaza mbalame.
Mkaka wamkaka ndi bulawuti nawonso ndiwowopsa kwa iwo, zomwe zingayambitse kuwoneka kwa poizoni m'thupi ndi mphamvu yayikulu m'matumbo a mbalame.
Kuswana
Tit amayamba kubereka mu April. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakonda kupsa mtima kwa anzawo. Choyamba, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimanga chisa, kenako chachikazi chimayala mazira.
Nthawi yomweyo, wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira khumi kapena kuposerapo oyera ndi mawanga bulauni. Njira yogwirira mazira imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo imapeza chakudya ndikudyetsa wamkazi.
Anapiyewo atabadwa, tiniyo imawawotha masiku angapo mchisa, kenako, pamodzi ndi yamphongo, imayamba kuwadyetsa.
Titsitsi ta sit timadyetsedwa pafupipafupi: pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa ola limodzi. Tsitsi limakula msanga, masiku angapo oyamba, kulemera kwawo kumachulukanso.
Chingwe chimakhala chisa kwa milungu pafupifupi itatu, kenako nkuchichisiya. Pakumala masiku 10 achokere ku chisa, yamphongo idyetsa anapiye. Pakadali pano, chachikazi chimagwira mazira achiwiri ndi mazira ofanana. Ana chachiwiri ali ndi makolo awo kwa masiku makumi asanu. Kenako, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yophukira, banja lonse limasochera.
Ubwino wa ma toni amunthu
Matayala ndiothandiza kwambiri kwa munthu, chifukwa amawononga tizirombo tonse tamagudzu (nsikidzi, nkhupakupa, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi, silkworms, kafadala wama masamba, nsikidzi zagolide.
Tit siziwononga tokha tokha, komanso mphutsi, mazira, pupae. Akuyerekeza kuti mbalameyi imatha kuwononga kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tofanana ndi kulemera kwake patsiku.
Moyo wa ma toni mwachilengedwe ndiufupi. Titmouse sakhala zaka zosaposa zitatu. Ambiri mwa mbalamezi amafa nthawi yozizira chifukwa chanjala, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza chakudya chawochawo.
Anthu azidyetsa tchire nthawi yozizira, popeza mtunduwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti uzisunga mwachilengedwe chifukwa chaubwino wake wamapaki, nkhalango ndi minda.
Gawo lakhumi ndi la Passeriformes. Banja la titmouse limaphatikizapo masanjidwe amtundu wautali kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya mbalame zomwe ndi zamtunduwu. Zowona, banja lokhala ndi thukuta lokhali lomwe limatchulidwa kuti ndi loona.
Mutha kuwona mbalame zazing'ono zowala ili paliponse kumpoto kwa Dziko Lapansi. M'chilimwe iwo khalani kutali ndi malo okhala anthu , ndipo ndi chisanu choyamba amabwerera pafupi ndi odyetserawo chakudya chochuluka. Tini zenizeni zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yocheperako chifukwa cha mitundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Mbalame zopanda mpumulo kwenikweni zimangokhala. Mtundu uliwonse umakonda momwe umakhalira. Blue Tit ndi Great Tit chisa mu nkhalango zosakanikirana zapakati Russia. Muscovites amakonda nkhalango yotentha. Bango lamasewera achikondi limakhala mabedi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Mitundu ina ya zipatso sasiya zisa zawo. Kuti adziteteze kwa adani ndi kusaka chakudya, iwo kuphatikiza timagulu tating'ono ndi kukhomera mbalame zazikulu. Koma simungathe kuwatcha ochezeka. Matayala ndi abwenzi malinga ngati akufunikira chitetezo. Polimbana ndi chakudya, amakwiya, ndipo amatha kupha mbalame yaying'ono.
Zimagwira mbalame zopatsa chidwi. M'chilimwe, amadya tizilombo, m'dzinja, zipatso ndi zipatso zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira, musazengereze kusangalala ndi mafuta anyama ndi mkate kuchokera kwa odyetserawo.
Dzinalo lodziwika bwino la banjali lidaperekedwa kwa anthu chifukwa choyimbira zazure buluu. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mumatha kumva kutulutsa koyamba kwa mbalame zokongola izi. "Buluu wamtambo" ukusesa pansi pamazenera mu kasupe. Titmouse kuwaswa ana awo 2-3 pachaka. Makolo amisala amatenga khanda limodzi.
Ku Russia khalani:
- Mtundu wa Blue
- Moscow
- Chida chofiirira komanso imvi
- Remez
Pakati Russia, Great Tit imawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Kukongola kumeneku ndi pamimba yachikasu, yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ma tini onse. Kukula kwake kumatha kufika 16 cm ndikulemera mpaka g 20. Mu chithunzi mutha kuwona zovala zonse za mbalame yodabwitsayi. Mchira wamafuta ndi mapiko, mutu wakuda, khosi ndi kumavula pachifuwa. Malo oyera oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi masaya.
Zabwino kwambiri mbalame yoseketsa komanso yosuntha . Amayamba kuzolowera anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuthira mankhwala mu feeder, mutha kuwona momwe ali kutali.
Moscow
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kuyimba kwa mbalamezi ndi kwapadera. Kuthekera kosunga awa a Muscovites kunyumba kumawalola kuti atengedwe ngati aphunzitsi a nyimbo zazing'onoting'ono. Connoisseurs a mbalame zikuimba "tit motifs" oyamikiridwa kwambiri poyimba mbalame zakunja.
Muscovite kapena mtundu wakuda ndi cholengedwa kakang'ono. Mutu wakuda ndi nape, masaya oyera, oyera malaya akuda kutsogolo. Imagwira mapiko ndi cholengedwa chokhala ndi chizindikiro chokhala ngati kachidutswa koyera kumbuyo kwa mutu. Chigawochi chimakonda nkhalango zowirira. Koma sindinasinthe kukhala m'minda ndi mapaki pafupi ndi malo okhala, pomwe zoyesayesa za kubereka zimatha. Malo omwe mumakonda ku Moscow kumapeto kwa mitengo yayitali ndikuwoneka bwino. Zomwe zimatsimikiziranso chidwi chamafuta awa
Anthu amatcha mbalamezi kuti Moscow, kutanthauza kukonda kwa mitunduyi kumizinda yayikulu komanso kusowa kwathunthu kwa anthu.
Mitundu ingapo ya ma tiniyo imalumikizidwa ndi dzina wamba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka pamutu. Nthawi zina amakhalabe adayitanitsa ogulitsa grenadiers .
Mbalame zakatikati zofiirira zimakonda kuphatikiza m'mgulu lagulu. Mbalamezi zimatha kuthamangitsidwa m'nkhalango yake yomwe zimakonda kwambiri mu chisanu chokhacho komanso kulephera kwathunthu kupeza chakudya. Koma pofika pokhalamo anthu, mwachangu kwa anthu. Ngati mumadyetsa pafupipafupi komanso osawopa mbalame zoseketsa izi, mutha kuwaphunzitsa kuti azitha kudya ngakhale ndi manja anu.
Chida chofiirira komanso imvi
Izi ziwonetsero ziwiri za masamba obedwa zimapezeka nthawi zambiri ku dera la Europe ku Russia, ku Belarus, Ukraine ndi Caucasus. Kupanga maimuna ndi achikazi osiyana pang'ono ndi wina ndi mnzake. Kudziwa kugonana kwa mtunduwu kuchokera pa chithunzi ndizovuta ngakhale kwa akatswiri.
Ili ndiye losasangalatsa kwambiri kuposa mabatani onse. Palibe mphindi imodzi yomwe ingakhale m'malo otonthola. Nyimbo yotchedwa Gadget idaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuimba kwapadera kwa mbalame. Mosiyana ndi anzawo, gitala yaying'onoyo imadzitchulira "chiv-ge-ge", ndipo nthawi zina imatsogolera ku goose "ha-ha".
Chipewa chakuda kumutu, kumbuyo kwa imvi yofiirira yamtambo wosiyanasiyana ndi mapiko ndi mchira wake, chifuwa chofiirira chakumaso ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ndevu kamene kamasiyanitsa zida zamitundu ina.
Remez wamba
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa zosunthika za tits, remez imawulukira kumadera otentha nyengo yachisanu . Itha kupezeka ku Caucasus, kum'mwera kwa Siberia, Japan ndi China.
Malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri malo okhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakonzera zisa zake paminda ya msondodzi yopachikira padziwe. Mbalame yaying'ono yolemera magalamu 10 okha imakonza zisa zazikulu mosalingalira bwino. Kutalika kwa chisa cha Remez kumakhala kutalika kwa 17 cm, ndipo mainchesiwo ndioposa masentimita 10. Chisa chimatsekedwa kumtunda ndipo chili ndi khomo lakunja. Remez amatenga chuma chomanga paliponse pomwe angachipeze. Pali udzu wowuma, ndi mbalame fluff, ndi ubweya wa nyama, ndipo ngakhale ulusi wa fulakesi, hemp ndi nettle.
Chifukwa chakukuluka kosangalatsa kwa chisa, kukumbukira pakati pa anthu Nthawi zina amatchedwa wowomba . Nyumba ya mbalame imadzibisalira yokha mothandizidwa ndi msondodzi wa mbalame zotumphukira komanso zopindika. Chisa chomwe chili ndi khoma lokwera mpaka 3 cm chimatipatsa ntchito yomanga kwa zaka zingapo.
Mwana wamwamuna Remez amasiyana ndi wamkazi mu mtundu wowala kwambiri. Mutu ndi mlomo wa gawo ili limakongoletsedwa ndi chida chakuda, chomwe chimawonekeranso mopepuka mu chikazi kuposa chachimuna.
Monga mbalame zambiri, ndizovuta kwa matewera kupeza chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha kupanda chilungamo kwawo, zimakhala zovuta kuti azikumbukira zipatso zawo zonse kuyambira nthawi yotentha. Zisanu zazikulu zimathamangitsa mbalame kutuluka m'nkhalangoyi pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Kuphatikiza zipatso za mabulosi kuthengo, mutha kusiya gawo laling'ono kuti mudyetse anzanu omwe ali ndi mano. Osavuta kupanga ndi odyetsa nyimbo zazing'ono. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, ma toni sachita mantha posambira. Pangani odyetsa ndikotheka kuchokera phukusi wamba lamkaka ndikudula dzenje lolowera mbali. Adyetsedwe oterewa amasavuta kukangamira nthambi za mitengo m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Matayala ndi opatsa chidwi chifukwa chake si zovuta kuwaza chakudya nawo. Oyenera:
- Mbewu za mpendadzuwa
- Phala lililonse yophika (buckwheat, mpunga, mapira)
- Youma mapira
- Nyenyeswa za mkate
- Magawo a nyama yankhumba yopanda mafuta ndi nyama
- Achisanu mkaka
Wodyetsa wokhala ndi zenera amapereka mwayi wowonera momwe mbalame zosangalatsa izi zimakhalira.
Zochita, zakudya, ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi
Nthawi zambiri, ma tambala amakhala m'matumba, omwe amakhala m'magulu awiriwa nthawi yopanga chakudya. Mbalamezi ndi oimba otchuka omwe amatulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana. Amuna amayimba bwino kuposa zachikazi ndipo amachita pafupifupi chaka chonse. Nyimbo za tulo zimakhala pansi kwakanthawi kochepa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira - koyambirira kwa dzinja. Kuphatikiza pa nthawi ino, ma tini okhala ndi mapepala a peppy komanso ojambula onunkhira amasangalatsa makutu a onse okhala m'matauni komanso akumidzi a dziko lathu.
Mverani mawu a gawo lalikulu
M'nyengo yotentha, ma toni amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo. Monga ma midges, ntchentche, udzudzu, akangaude, mbozi, cickets. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu limawononga tizirombo tambiri ta nkhalango ndi nthaka yazaulimi ndipo limabweretsa zabwino zambiri ku nyama zamtchire ndi anthu. Kudyetsa nkhuku kumayimira oyimira athanzi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - mbozi.
Ndege yodabwitsa ya tits.
Ndi nthawi yozizira yozizira, ma tini amasintha kubzala chakudya. Amadyetsa makamaka mbewu ndi chimanga. Mbalamezi sizimapanga masheya nthawi yachisanu ndipo ngati zipeza chakudya chobisidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, zimadya mosangalatsa. Osanyalanyaza ma tini ndi zovunda.
Mtunduwu umakonda kudya korona wa mitengo ndi tchire, kutsika pansi.
Kuchulukana, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi mbalame 300 miliyoni. Izi zikusonyeza kuti gawo lalikulu si mtundu womwe ukuwopsezedwa ndi chilichonse. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zamtunduwu ndizokwanira kupitiriza kuchuluka.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nthawi zokongoletsa zimatha kumasiyanasiyana kutengera malo omwe mbalamezi zimakhala. Nthawi zambiri, nesting imatha kuyambira February mpaka September. Mtunduwu umapanga masonry awiri nthawi imeneyi. Kumanga koyamba, kopambana kwambiri kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - mu Meyi, kwachiwiri - mu June. Nyengo yakukhwima, mbalame zimakonda kuchita zankhanza kwa anzawo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakangana ndewu. Mu tonne, awiriwa amalimbikira kwa zaka zingapo. Amasamala chisa chawo mosasamala, osalola kuti anthu akunja azilowa.
Nthawi zambiri, chachikazi chimamanga chisa, kuzikonzera m'miyala yamiyala, m'maenje amitengo, mwazinthu zachilengedwe kapena zozikika zomwe zimakhala pamalo okwera mamitala 3-5.
Mkati mopumira, wamkazi amapanga thireyi yaying'ono, masentimita 5-6.Kuzama kwake kumatha kukhala masentimita 4-5. Thireyi imakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, masamba, moss, cobwebs, pansi ndi tsitsi la nyama. Poyambirira, lalikulu kwambiri pali mazira 6 mpaka 12. Chophatikiza chachiwiri, nthawi zambiri mazira awiri amachepera. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 12-14. Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imapeza chakudya ndikudyetsa mayendedwe achikazi.
Matiti amasinthika mosavuta ndi anthu.
Anapiye obadwa ngati gawo limodzi chakhumi kumbuyo ndi kumutu adakutidwa ndi imvi ndipo amakhala ndi mlomo wamalalanje. Kwa pafupifupi masiku 16 mpaka 22, makolo amasamalira ana, akumawabweretsera chakudya. Kenako anapiyewo amatha kuuluka, ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali amadalira makolo awo. Zinyama zazing'ono zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi chisa kuti zizipempha chakudya nthawi ndi nthawi. M'dzinja, mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kusokera kukhala zoweta.
Chiyembekezo chotalika kwambiri cha ma tits, omwe amadziwika ndi akatswiri, ndi zaka 15.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi nyumba yam'manja imawoneka bwanji?
Popeza gawo lalikulu la mbalamezi ndizoyimira kwambiri mbalame zamtunduwu, kudziwana kwambiri ndi mbalamezi kuyenera kupitilizidwa pamachitidwe ake. Chachi chachikulu chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wakuda ndi khosi, masaya oyera, okantha. Pamwamba pa mbalamezi pamakhala ubweya wa azitona, ndipo pansi pake ndi wachikasu. Mwakutero, maonekedwe amitundu yambiri ya zolengedwa izi amasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu yawo yambiri.
Kodi nyumba yam'mimba imadya chiyani?
M'chilimwe, mbalamezi zimadya tizilombo. M'nyengo yozizira, menyu awo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri: mwachitsanzo, tini yayikulu imakondwera ndikusangalala ndi mileme yomwe yadzigwetsa, pang'onopang'ono ndikukutumula. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yozizira, ma tini amasintha kubzala chakudya, kudya mzere ndi zipatso zina, komanso kudya ndi mbewu kuchokera kwa odyetsa.
Mitundu ya Tit
Masika akafotokozera ufulu wake, ndiye kuti m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, m'minda ndi m'minda yakhitchini mumatha kumva kulira kwa ma tambala. Nyimbozi zimapangidwa ndi amuna. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kasupe nthawi yakudziwana komanso makonzedwe a nyumba zawo. Akazi okha ndi omwe amagwira ntchito yomanga zisa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma toni akuluakulu samavutikira konse ndi malo osankha malo okhalako. Monga nyenyezi, mbalamezi zimatha kukonza nyumba zawo m'mapaipi achitsulo, ndi m'matanthwe osweka, ndi makhoma a nyumba zosiyidwa. Imakonda kukonda kukhala m'nyumba zosiyidwa.
Amanga zisa zawo ndi zigawo za moss ndi ubweya. Pakapita kanthawi, mpaka ana 10 amabadwa. Matata achichepere amachoka kwawo kwa makolo masiku 20 atabadwa. Kwa kanthawi, makolo awo amawayendera limodzi, kenako nkuwatumiza okha. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, tambiri tambiri ndi mbalame zomwe sizisuntha. Komabe, posaka chakudya m'nyengo yozizira, amasonkhana m'mabusa ndikuuluka kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zabwino zoperewera pomwe zakudya zambiri zimakhala.
Gawo ndi mbalame yothandiza!
Zinyama zokhala ndi mbewazi zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pamapaki, m'nkhalango ndi m'minda. Kwa tsiku amadya tizilombo tambiri tofanana ndi kulemera kwawo. Ndiye chifukwa chake anthu nthawi yozizira ayenera kudyetsa mbalamezi. Amphaka ndi mbalame zochezeka, amasankha kupita kudyetsa nkhokwe, kudya mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mafuta anyama, mkaka wowaka.
Ndimakonda ma tini, ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri komanso zoseketsa zomwe ndaziwona m'moyo wanga koposa kamodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuyankha funsoli ndikosavuta kwa ine.
Maonekedwe a titmouse
Kunena zowona, ma tini anga amawoneka pang'ono ngati mbalame zophwanyika, zonse chifukwa mbalame zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi utoto wowala wankhondo. Ndipo zimawoneka ngati mpheta m'thupi lawo. Nayi mafuta osakanizidwa otere m'mutu mwanga. Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire kumatha kufika 18 cm. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 25 g. Mwambiri, izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Mapiko a zipatso amatha kufikira masentimita 26. Zowonjezera ndizowala, ndipo mchirawo ndi wautali. Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa akazi ndi amuna. Zoyambazo zimakhala ndi kapu wakuda wokhala ndi tint zachitsulo pamitu yawo, pomwe azimayiwo ali ndimthunzi wakuda. Mimba ya tini ndi yachikaso. Eya, kumbuyo kwa mbalamezi kumatha kukhala kwamtambo wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wamtambo. Mapiko ndi mchira wa buluu uli ndi mtundu wamtambo. Mwathunthu, pali mitundu yoposa makumi atatu ya mbalamezi padziko lapansi.
Nawa mfundo zingapo zachidziwitso pankhaniyi:
- Mbalame zazing'onozi zimatha kupezeka ku Russia, komanso ku North Africa, Kupro, Corsica, ndi zina.
- Ndiz mbalame zowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kusinthidwa.
- Pakuuluka, samakonda kukupiza mapiko awo.
- Ma Titi ali ndi njira ziwiri zozizira: mwina amawulukira kumwera kapena kusamukira kumizinda (ndikosavuta kupeza malo ofunda kumene mungawotha).
- Sangadyetsedwe ndi buledi wa bulauni, ndi owopsa.
Mwachilengedwe, ma tiniwa amadya tizilombo tambiri komanso mphutsi zake. Amatha kudya nsikidzi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Komanso pamakina awo ndi anjeru. Nthawi yozizira ikadzafika, mbalamezi zimapita kukadyetsa masamba. Amakondwera kudya nthangala za chomera (spruce, birch, wowawasa, etc.). Koma ma tammm sapanga zomwe akufuna kuti azigwiritse ntchito nthawi yozizira, koma amatha kuthyololoka mosavuta pazinthu zina za anthu ena. Matayala ndi mbalame zowopsa ndipo amakhala wokhulupirika kwa wokondedwa wawo. Okonda mabanja, monga lamulo, amapanga zisa zawo m'maenje a mitengo. Akhozanso kukhala m'miyala yamiyala.
Mukukhala ku Europe, Middle East, North ndi Central Asia, komanso kumadera ena Kumpoto kwa Africa. Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti bwanji nyumba yopanga titmouse imatchedwa titmouse? Kodi zolengedwa izi zokhala ndi mbereko nthawi ina zinali zamtambo? Kodi dzina la mbalame yopaka chikaso, zobiriwira komanso imvi? Tiyeni tiyese kuzindikira.
Kodi mbalame yamtunduwu ndi ndani?
Malinga ndi sayansi, nyumba yopangira zithunzi (titmouse) imayimiriridwa ndikulemba) ndikuyimira kwa mbalame zodutsa zomwe zimachokera ku banja la dzina lomweli. Gawo lodziwika kwambiri ndilo lalikulu kwambiri. Itha kupezeka m'minda ndi m'mapaki a ku Europe, Central ndi North Asia, ku Middle East komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.
Kodi ma tini amadya chiyani?
Izi ndi mbalame zoyenda komanso zam'madzi. M'nyengo yotentha, amadya chakudya chanyama basi, ndipo nthawi yozizira amasinthira zakudya. Pofufuza zakudya zomwe amakonda - tizilombo - iwo amakwera m'mphepete mwa nthambi, akuyendayenda ming'alu yonse ndi mabowo pamenepo.
Chithunzi cha titmouse, chithunzi chomwe mukuchiwona, ndi mbalame yosasuntha. Mwanjira ina, munyengo yozizira, samachoka kwawo, nthawi yozizira limodzi ndi bambo. Pofufuza chakudya panthawiyi, magulu ankhaninkhani akhandwe amachokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kupita kwina. Pomwe pali chakudya chambiri, amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Gawo ndi mbalame yothandiza!
Tisanadziwe chifukwa chake nyumba yopangira mateti inali yotchedwa titmouse, ndikofunikira kuzindikira phindu lalikulu lomwe limabweretsa. Matayala - awa ndi othandiza kwenikweni alimi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amawononga tizilombo zovulaza zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka m'mapaki ndi m'minda.
Mwachitsanzo, patsiku limodzi, gawo limodzi lalikulu limadya tizirombo tina tofanana ndi tambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndichikhalidwe kuitana mbalamezi kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito m'minda yawo. Izi zitha kuchitika podyetsa. Chifukwa chake mutha kusungira m'munda wanu wopitilira m'badwo umodzi wamitundu yoseketsa iyi.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji nyumba yam'madzi inkatchedwa titmouse?
Kungoyang'ana kamodzi pazinyama zowala izi ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa kuti sizibuluu konse, koma zobiriwira chikasu ndi mithunzi yakuda. Pali mitundu yambiri yazomwe mayina awo adachokera, ndipo pafupifupi onsewa adachokera kwa anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, amakhulupirira kuti dzina lotere linaperekedwa kwa mbalamezi ndi munthu yemwe anali ndi vuto la khungu. Mitundu ina imakhala yoseketsa: nyama ya mbalameyi imati imachokera kuno ndi dzina lake.
Palibe nthabwala, komabe palibe mtundu umodzi womwe amawutchulira kuti titmouse! Pakadali pano pali mafotokozedwe awiri omveka bwino komanso ovomerezeka. Chimodzi mwazotheka izi nzoona.
- Mtundu woyamba ukunena kuti kuyimba kwa mbalamezi nkofanana kwambiri ndi mawu awiri a anthu - "zin-zin". Amakhulupirira kuti poyamba, pamaziko a mgwirizano wa mbalamezi, adayamba kutcha znitsy, ndipo zitatha izi - titmouse. Komabe, ngakhale pano munthu akhoza kutsutsana, chifukwa anthu osiyanasiyana amamva kena kosiyana pakuyimba kwa mbalamezi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe, akukhulupirira kuti ma bulu sanena kuti "zin-zin", koma "pin-pin-tararah". Anthu aku Ukraine, kumbali inayi, amva mu "mtengo-wa-mtengo-tarara."
- Malinga ndi mtundu wachiwiri, dzina loti "titmouse" limaphatikizidwabe ndi mtundu wa cholengedwa ichi. Akatswiri a zilankhulo, limodzi ndi olemba mbiri, amakhulupirira kuti mchilankhulo chakale cha Russian liwu loti "buluu" limatanthawuza mawonekedwe amtundu wosiyana pang'ono kuposa pano. Chowonadi ndi chakuti lingaliro la "buluu" panthawiyo linali yokulirapo kuposa tsopano. Ku Russia, wakuda wokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira amaoneka kuti ndi wamtambo, ndipo pamtundu wina wotchedwa "cap" pamakhala mthunziwu.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri
Ndikosatheka kungokhala chete za iye. Mbalame yoseketsa kwambiri ya banja la a Sinitsev ndi (chithunzi 3), kapena grenadier. Ichi ndi kanema kakang'ono komwe kamakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo okhala pakati komanso kumpoto komwe kali ndi nkhalango zowongoka komanso zosakanikirana. Ali ndi dzina lake pazifukwa. Chizindikiro chake chachilendo chokhala ndi korona yaying'ono chimafanana ndi zipewa za asitikali apansi a XVII-XVIII mazana - ma grenadiers.
Kodi chozizwitsachi chimalemera zochuluka motani?
Tufted Titmouse (chithunzi 4) ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono, koma choyenda komanso chokongola. Kukula kwake, grenadier ndiwotsika poyerekeza ndi tit yotchuka yayikulu. Kutalika kwa mbalame yomwe yatuluka sikupita masentimita 13, ndipo mapikowo ndi masentimita 20. Chozizwitsa ichi sichimaposa 12. Tambo lofiirira ndi loyera lomwe limakwezedwa pamutu ndi gawo losiyanitsa ndi mbalamezi.
Kodi mtembo wokhathamira amadya chiyani?
Mbalame yam'madzi, monga abale ake, ndiyabwino. Zakudya zake zazikulu mchaka ndi chilimwe ndizochepa (crustaceans, mollusks, tizilombo) ndi mphutsi zawo. Mbalame zokhala ndi mphako zimakonda kudya pa kagulu ka kachikumbu ndi masamba onenepa, komanso agulugufe ndi akangaude. Modzipereka amadya ntchentche ndi udzudzu, mavu ndi njuchi, chinjoka, nsabwe, nyerere.
M'dzinja-nthawi yozizira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasinthika kukhala chakudya cha msipu. Amadyetsa njere za fir, paini, alder, birch ndi spruce, ndipo amadyanso phulusa la kumapiri, hawthorn ndi nkhuni. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, tizilombo titafika tisanathe, chakudya cha "Khokhlushka" chimadyetsa ma spen ndi kumwa birch ndi madzi a mapulo.
Chizindikiro cha tit ndi mawonekedwe ake owala. Mutu, mmero ndi chifuwa cha mbalameyi ndi zakuda, mapiko ndi amtambo-amtambo, kumbuyo kumakhala ndi kutuwa kwa maolivi, ndipo m'mimba ndi chikaso. Amuna ndi akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kamtambo pamimba: m'mamuna amakula, ndipo mwa akazi limafupika, izi zimawonekera pachithunzichi.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma toni samachoka kwawo, koma amangosuntha pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala.
Momwe mungadziwire gawo
Kukula wamba kwa gawo lalikulu kumafika masentimita 15. Mbalame imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 20. Amatha kutambasula mapiko ake ndi masentimita 23. Toni yayikulu ndi yokongola kwambiri. Pachifuwa pake pali mzere wakuda, ngati taye, yemwe amagawa pamimba m'mizere iwiri ya mandimu. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kowoneka ngati maolivi, ndipo mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi imvi. Chovala chachilengedwe chimakwaniritsa beret wakuda pa korona, yemwe amagwirizana bwino ndi masaya oyera a mbalameyo.
Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi ovala zovala zowala. Matayala ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mlomo mwachindunji komanso mchira wautali. Mapaulamu ndi ofewa komanso osangalatsa kukhudza. Mbalameyo ili ndi miyendo yolimba ndi zibwano zolimba, zokutidwa.
Chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amadziwa chakhumi
Chigawo si mbalame yosamukira. Komabe, iye amayandikira kwa anthu pamene alibe chakudya. Dzuwa litayamba kutentha m'mwezi wa Okutobala, kuimba kwanyimbo kwa mbalame kumachokera mumsewu. Kumveka bwino, kumakumbutsa anthu okhala m'mizinda kuti mvula ikubwera. Kuona mbalame ikuyenda mlengalenga, imatha kungosilira momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi thupi lake. Mapikowo amakulolani kuti muwagudule kangapo kuti akwere pamwamba, kenako imagwa pansi ndi mwala, kwinaku mukugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
Chakudya chamagulu
Zakudya zabwino za mbalame ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Amakonda nsikidzi, mbozi ndipo sizimadana ndi ntchentche. Mbalameyo ikufunafuna chakudya mosalekeza. Anthu amadyetsa mbalamezo ndimafuta, kuziyika pawindo la nyumbayo. Nyama ya titmouse imabweretsa zabwino kudzera mu chiwonongeko cha tizilombo zoipa.
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, nyumba yam'madzi sikhala yosungirako nthawi yozizira, yomwe imakhala yokwanira nthawi yozizira, mbalameyo imakonda kusungidwa ndi ena.
Zonsezi zimayamba kumayambiriro kasupe, mbalame zikagundana awiriawiri. Pambuyo pake, makonzedwe a chisa amayamba. Kwa ana awo, amasankha dzenje mumtengo kutalika kwake mpaka mita 5. Chisa chimakutidwa ndi nthenga, tsitsi la nyama ndi mbewa. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, chachikazi chimakhala ndi nthawi yayikulu yomenyera. Yaikazi imayikira mazira kawiri, ana amodzi amatha kufikira mazira 12.
Mazira a titmouse ndi oyera m'malo ofiira kapena otuwa. Pamene wamkazi akuchita ntchito yosaka anapiye (nthawi imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri), mutu wa banja umamupatsa chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, maanja amagawa gawo lawo kuti apatse ana zakudya zabwino. Nthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimatha kukhala zaukali komanso kumenyera chakudya ngakhale ndi abale awo. Dera losakira zakudya nthawi zambiri limafika 50m.
Pambuyo pa anapiye, masiku atatu oyamba, mbalameyi imapatsa ana ake chisangalalo. Pakadali pano, champhongo ndi chodula, zonse za bwenzi lake komanso anapiye omwe adawonekera. Kudyetsa anapiye kumakhala ndi mbozi zosakulirapo 1 centimeter kukula. Mwana wankhuku imodzi masana amatha kudya tizilombo ta masekeli 7 mpaka 7. Pakatha masiku atatu, mkaziyo amalumikizana ndi wamphongo, ndipo amakulira ana kwa masiku ena 20.
Ana atachoka pachisa choyamba, maphunziro othawa amayamba. Mwana wankhuku akaphunzira kuuluka (zimatenga pafupifupi sabata), makolo amatha kupitiliza ana awo mokulira ngakhale kudyetsa. Mwana wachiwiri azikhala wocheperako kuposa woyamba. Mbalamezi zikakhwima, zimkhosa zoweta. Mbalame zimayikidwa m'magulu a anthu 40-50. Nthawi zambiri pagulu mumatha kuwona nthumwi za mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, kugwirika.
Pakatha miyezi 10, anapiyewo amakhala anthu okhwima.
Kubala mbalame zaukapolo
Tit mu ukapolo imakula chifukwa cha kuyimba kokongola. Mbalameyi ndiosavuta kudyetsa, chifukwa chake zili ndi zabwino zake. Kuyimba kwa mbalame mu kasupe ndikokongola kwambiri, chifukwa pakadali pano wamwamuna amayitana wamkazi. Matayipi amaphunzitsidwa kuti aziimba canaries, yemwe nyimbo zake ndizabwino kwambiri. Ngati mbalame imayang'aniridwa bwino, ndiye kuti chakhumi chimazolowera ku ukapolo.
Tit ndi chikhalidwe chodabwitsa kwambiri komanso chisanu. Ndipo kukonda kwake kumatha kuvulaza mbalame zazing'ono. Mbalame imatha kuphwanya mbalame yaying'ono ngati ili m'khola limodzi. Pofuna kupewa manyazi, titmouse iyenera kukhazikika ndi mbalame zokulirapo, mwachitsanzo, wakuda, nuthatch, kapena Woodpecker.
Chakudya chachikulu chaukapolo chimatha kudyetsedwa chakudya chofewa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupaka kaloti, kumaliza kumeneko tchizi chofewa ndikuwotcha. Mutha kudyetsanso ndi nyama yoboola kapena nsomba yokazinga, dzira lankhuku yankhuku. Tizilombo tofinya ndi mazira a nyerere timawonjezerapo chakudya. Chithandizo cha chakhumi ndi mphutsi za ufa, zomwe zimaperekedwa sabata iliyonse. Hemp, mbewu za mpendadzuwa ndi mtedza wa paini zitha kuphatikizidwanso m'zakudya za mbalame. Zakudya zothandizirana ndi tirigu zimatha kukhala ndi mitengo ya mkungudza, nthanga za mpendadzuwa, walnuts, koma nthawi yomweyo, chilichonse chimadulidwa ndikumapatsidwa chikho china.
Mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri madzi, koma imagwiritsa ntchito osati kumwa, komanso kusambira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonza mbale ziwiri, imodzi ndi madzi akumwa, chachiwiri posambira. Chidebe cha "njira zamadzi" siziyenera kukhala zakuzama komanso zazing'ono.
Kuti mbalameyo izitha kubereka kunja kwakutchire, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa chipinda china chokha.
- Kutentha kwa thupi kwa Sintsa kumasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku, masana limakwana madigiri 42, madzulo amatha kutsikira ku 39.
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima kumatha kuchoka pa 500 mpaka 1000 kumamenya sekondi imodzi kutengera chisangalalo.
- Mbalame imatha kudya tizilombo kuposa kulemera kwake. Mukamadyetsa anapiye awo, amadya mpaka 1800 tizilombo tsiku lililonse.
- Nyumbayi imagwira ntchito mwachidwi kwambiri ndipo imatha kudyetsa dzanja.
- Mlomo wa tit umatha kumeranso m'mbuyo. Kupatula apo, ndi mlomo wake kuti mbalame imatha kuwononga dzenje, kuswa mtedza ndikupeza kachilombo koyenera pansi pa khungwa.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala ndi ma tini
Ambiri sakudziwa mbalame zosamukasamuka tit kapena ayi . Koma uyu ndi wokhalitsa m'mizinda yathu.
Nthawi yokhayi yanjala kwambiri nyengo yachisanu yomwe imakhala nyengo yachisanu ndiye kuti pamakhala zoweta zomwe zimapita kumalo abwino kuti zithe kupulumuka.
Utoto woyamba wa dzuwa utangotuluka, m'mwezi wa February, ndipo mbalame yam'madzi imayamba kusangalatsa anthu ndi twitter yawo.
Nyimbo ya Tit kulira ndikofanana ndi mabelu a jingle. "Qi-qi-pi, ying-chi-ying-chi" - ndipo adatinso, "pini-hrrrzh" amadziwitsa okhala m'mizinda kuti kukubwera kwamasika.
Amati za titmouse, ngati za mthenga wa dzuwa wamasika. Munthawi yotentha, nyimboyo imakhala yovuta komanso yoderera: "Zin-zi-ver, zin-zin".
Mtunduwu ndiwothandizirana ndi anthu, titmouse amakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri amizinda yayikulu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe zimakhalira. titmouse kumwamba . Kuuluka kwawo ndi sayansi ya momwe amauluka mothamanga koma nthawi yomweyo kupulumutsa mphamvu, amangokopa ukadaulo wake.
Kuuluka kwamapiko kambiri kangapo - kuwuluka m'mwamba, kenako ndikungokhala pansi, ndikufotokozera mofatsa mlengalenga. Zikuwoneka kuti kuuluka koteroko sikungathe kuongoleredwa, komanso amakwanitsa kuyendetsa bwino pansi.
Zakudya za tit
M'nyengo yozizira, gawo lalikulu ndi mlendo wamba wodyetsa zikho. Amadya mbewu monga chimanga, amabzala mbewu mosangalala.
M'chilimwe, amakonda kudya tizilombo ndi akangaude, omwe amafunafuna pamitengo ya mitengo kapena m'nthambi za tchire.
Ngati muli ndi chipiriro, ndiye nthawi yozizira, patapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri, titmouse iphunzira kutenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwanu.
Gawo lomwe limasimbidwa limatchedwa grenadier la maula pamutu wofanana ndi mutu wa grenadiers
Amuna amtundu wamchivu amakhala ndi maonekedwe akuda m'maso mwawo, pomwe mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina
Swamp tit kapena puff
Mosiyana ndi ena mwa abale ake, gawo lalikulu silimasunga nyengo yozizira, koma limadya chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi mitundu ina mosangalala.
Mitundu yamtunduwu imadyetsa anapiye mothandizidwa ndi mbozi zomwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupitirira sentimita imodzi.
Mu chithunzi, wodyetsa wa tini
Wosangalatsa Titmouse
Munthawi yocheperako imapezeka m'nkhalakale komanso zakale komanso pakati pa nkhalango, pomwe pamapezeka mitengo. M'mwezi wa Marichi mumakhala magawikidwe awiriawiri, nthawi yomwe amunayo amayimba, atakhala kwinakwake pamwamba pa spruce kapena paini. Nyimboyi ndi yongojambulira mwachidule. " tsi-trr, tsi-tr-ri. ". Tizilombo tating'ono timakhala pansi pamtunda tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tokhala m'miyala tating'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, ngati kulowa kwa dzenje sikupitirira 30 mm m'mimba mwake, nthawi zambiri mbalame sizimagwiritsa ntchito zisa za agologolo kapena zisagwera gawo lotsika pakati panthambi zouma ndi nthambi. Pansi pa chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera ku moss yosakanikirana ndi lichen, mkatikati ndi thireyi ndizolocha ndi ubweya, womwe umaponderezedwa ndi mbalame ndikusintha ngati misa. Pali magulu awiri munthawi: yoyamba (yophatikiza mazira 59) - mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo, lachiwiri (kuchokera mazira 4-6) - mu June. Mazira oyera okhala ndi mawanga ofiira otentha amapanga corolla kuzungulira malekezero. Wamkazi yekha amadzisamba masiku 13-16, wamwamuna panthawiyi amakhala wotanganidwa ndikudzifunafuna yekha chakudya ndi iye. Kudyetsa anapiye mu chisa ndipo moyo wawo wopitilira umayambiranso chimodzimodzi. Pofufuza chakudya, olengedwa amapima nthambi zokhala ndi zitsamba, mabatani osenda, singano, nthawi zambiri atapendekeka kuchokera kunthambizo pansi, samayang'ana kumapeto kwa nthambi, kufunafuna nyama, kuwona china chake chikaikira, kuyima mlengalenga, kuthamanga ndi mapiko, ndipo pa ntchentche yesani kuwongolera omwe akumenya. M'nyengo yozizira, ma grenadiers amatha kuwoneka mu chipale chofewa, pomwe amatenga mbewu zakugwa ndikuwotchera nthambi za mitengo yopanda zipatso. M'nyengo yotentha, tinsalu touluka timangodya kwambiri ma lepidopterans (makamaka mbozi), kafadala (pakati pa omwe mavuvu ndi masamba agulufe), ofanana-mapiko (makamaka nsabwe ndi tizilombo tambiri) ndi akangaude, omwe si ntchentche, hymenoptera ndi tizilombo tina amapezeka mu chakudya. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, limodzi ndi ma invertebrates, mbewu za spruce, paini ndi zina zina za conifers zimadyedwa zochuluka. Monga a Muscovites, anangopindika zipatso nthawi yotentha komanso yoyambilira yophukira amasunga chakudya (tizilombo ndi akangaude, komanso mbewu) kuti azigwiritse ntchito m'tsogolo, kubisala ming'alu ndi miyala ya nthambi komanso pakati pa singano. Kuwononga tizirombo touluka, tinthu tosungika kumabweretsa zabwino ku nkhalango.
M'nyengo yozizira, m'dziko lathu, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mbalame zazing'ono zikukhala ndi mitundu yambiri yokongola. Nanga za ndani? Zachidziwikire, za titmouse. Oimira awa a Passeriformes adakhala alendo ochulukirapo odyetsa zikho. Matayala ndi gawo la banja la titmouse, padziko lapansi pali mitundu pafupifupi 100. Odziwika kwambiri komanso ophunziridwa bwino ndi Great Tit, Indian Titmouse, Grey Tit ndi Eastern Tit.
Ndi zizindikilo zakunja ziti zomwe mungazindikire gawo pang'ono
Kutalika kwa mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10 - 16, mbalame imodzi imalemera magalamu 8 - 20. Mapiko a mbalamezi zazifupi ndi zazifupi komanso okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Ziwonetserozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, nthawi zina pamakhala ma tini, momwe mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi chisomo choseketsa. Ma paws ndi ochepa, koma amakhala osasamala.
Mitundu ya nthenga ndizosiyanasiyana kwambiri, mitundu iliyonse payokha imadziwika ndi mitundu yakeyake yamatamba, komabe, titha kutcha mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imapezeka mu mitundu ya mbalame izi: zoyera, zofiirira, imvi, zachikaso, zamtambo, zakuda ndi zina.
Malo okhala mwachilengedwe, moyo ndi machitidwe a ma tits
Malo omwe chilengedwe chimakonda kwambiri ma tiniwa ndi nkhalango-tundra, nkhalango za tugai, nkhalango ndi mapiri, komwe amapezeka mpaka mamita 2 mpaka 3,000.
Moyo wa titmouse umangokhala, ngakhale mitundu ina imayendayenda nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mitundu ya Mustachioed (Panurus biarmicus): wamwamuna amakhala pansi, wamkazi pamwamba
Mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi moyo wokangalika. M'miyezi yachilimwe, amakonda kukhala ndi kusaka yekha, koma nthawi yozizira amasonkhana pamagulu ochepa (10 mpaka 15 munthu aliyense). Mbalamezi zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake mu "thumbo" lowoneka bwino lomwe limafanana ndi mawu amtundu wa "buluu wamtambo-wamtambo", komwe adatchulira dzina - "mamiseche."
Chakudya Cha Blue Tit
Kutengera nyengo, zakudya za mbalamezi zimamangidwanso nthawi zonse: nthawi yotentha komanso m'miyezi yophukira, titmouse amadya tizilombo (mbozi, kafadala, ntchentche) ndi akangaude, pafupi ndi kugwa, chakudya chachikulu kwa iwo ndi nthangala zakupsa ndi zipatso za mitengo yazipatso. Oyimira ambiri mwa mbalamezi amadzikonzera okha masheya nthawi yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, pofika nyengo yachisanu, ma tini, akupita kokasaka chakudya, amatenga mbewu za zipatso ndi kuzidya. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbalame zamtunduwu, zikafuna kudya podyera, zimakhala alendo okhazikika azinthu izi. Tsiku lililonse amawuluka ndikumayang'ana - kodi pali gawo latsopano la mbewu zokoma zomwe zikuwayyembekezera?
Kuswana
Nthawi yoweta ya ma Bluebird imachitika kawiri mpaka katatu pachaka. Kuyambira pa February - Marichi, m'malo omwe mbalamezi zimakhala, mawu akumapiri amveka. Nthawi zambiri, awiri amapangika ndipo amagwirira ntchito zaka zingapo, chifukwa ma toto ndi mbalame zamtundu umodzi. Ana a mphaka amapanga zisa zawo kuti abereke ana m'malo obisika kwa anthu odulira.
Nthawi zambiri, mkazi wamtundu wina wamkazi amaikira mazira atatu mpaka eyiti. Amameta anapiyewo pafupifupi milungu iwiri (masiku 11 mpaka 14). Anawo atabadwa, mayi wosamala masiku angapo oyamba amoyo sasiya chisa konse. Mwana wakhandayo kwa nthawi yoyamba atachoka pachisa amakhala limodzi. Anapiye a tit amakula bwino mwezi wachisanu ndi chinayi mpaka cha khumi.
Kuthengo, oimira awa a dongosolo la Passeriformes satha zaka zopitilira zitatu.