FEDOROVSK OIL NDI GAS DEPOSIT
Ili ku Surgut dera la Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, m'chigawo chapakati cha chigawo cha mafuta ndi mafuta a Surgut ku Central Ob mafuta ndi gasi.
M'mawu a tectonic, mundawu umakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri a Fedorovsky omwe amakhala mkati mwa chipilala cha Surgut. Pamadenga a Upper Jurassic deposits, Fedorov kukweza kwa lachitatu ili ndi lachigoba lalitali lokhala ndi mndandanda wolimba kwambiri, wolondera mbali yolondera. Kukwera kuli miyeso 13.5x4.7 km, matalikidwe - mpaka 37 m.
Mu 1963, monga gawo la Surgut NRE, bungwe loyanjanitsa 10 / 63-64 lidapangidwa bungwe (wamkulu wa chipani V.N. Bagaev, wamkulu wa gulu loyambitsa I.N. Dovgul, mkulu wa geophysicist T.M. Bagaev) kuti achite kafukufuku wa geophysical kumaderawa kumpoto, kumadzulo komanso kum'mawa kwa mudzi. Surgut Cholinga cha ntchitoyi chinali kuphunzira momwe chilengedwe chakhalire ndikufufuza njira zabwino. M'mbuyomu, ntchito m'maderawa idachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo malinga ndi pulogalamu yafupi ya cn 5 / 60-61 (wamkulu wa batchi ndi kunena N. M. Bekhtin, wotanthauzira E. V. Bondarenko).
Pazaka zitatu zomunda, mgwirizano wopezeka 10 / 63-64 unalongosola bwino ndikukonza dongosolo la West Surgut kuti likubowola mozama, komanso kumpoto kwa mudzi. Surgut adawulula ndikuwunikira malo okwezeka omwe munda wa Fedorovskoye udapezeka. Malangizo anaperekedwa pakufotokoza mzerewu ndipo akuti pali mawonekedwe ambiri abwino ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta.
Surgut sp 15 / 69-70 Khanty-Mansiysk Geophysical Trust (chiyambi chipani L.P. Tyulenev, poyambira kuzungulira I.N. Dovgul, injinala-V.G. Selivanov, olemba olemba A.N. Zadoepko, A. P. Andreev) adafufuza mwatsatanetsatane za MOB pamlingo wa 1: 500 000 mkatikati mwa chipilala cha Surgut. Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, nyumba za Fedorovskaya, Vershinnaya, ndi Mokhovaya zidafotokozedwa, kukonzedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndikukonzekera kuzama kozama.
Ntchito inanso idachitika ndi Savuisky sp 14 / 72-73 (chipani choyambirira A.D. Khalilov, poyambira kupeza V.P. Filipenko, katswiri wofufuza za malo ndi wolemba lipoti A.N. Zadoenko).
Kuyendetsa mopitilira muyeso m'munda kunachitidwa ndi Surgut NRE. Mtsogoleri wa omwe achotsedwayo anali N. M. Morozov, katswiri wofufuza zam'malo a anthu A. A. Teplyakov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yoona za chilengedwe A. P. Shashkin, ndi mkulu wofufuza za malo a malo a NP L. Ansud.
Chabwino 62 ku Fedorovskaya Square adayikidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo ndi cholinga chofufuza malo osungirako mafuta ndi gasi m'malo ochepera a Cretaceous, kuphunzira malo osungirako zigawo za AS ndi BS, komanso kapangidwe ka zigawo zakumpoto chakummawa kwa gombelo.
Malo omwe ali ndi chitsime cha 62. 62 akuwonetsedwa ndi komitiyi monga gawo la mutu wa dipatimenti yachilengedwe A.P. Shashkin ndi mutu wa Yu. I. Bezrukov.
Kuyika kwa chitsime No. 62 ndi kupendekera kuya kwa 2500 m kunayamba pa Marichi 13, 1971.
Gulu la VIC (lotsogozedwa ndi G. A. Sapotnitsky) lidakwera chida choyendetsa ndi zida za P-62. Munthawi ya Juni 27 mpaka Julayi 24, 1971, oyendetsa kampani yochita kuyendetsa N. U. Zhumazhanova adamaliza kukumba chitsimechi ndi chitsa cha 2515 m.
Pa kubowola ndi coring kuchokera pakatikati pa 2312-2304, 2299-2289, 2045-2039, miyala yamchenga yamadzi idakwezedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kutanthauzira kokwanira kwamaphunziro a munda-geophysical (mutu wa gawo la geological ndi geophysical, G. B. Timoshin, injinolo wotanthauzira N. A. Fidrya) zinthu zisanu zinali zoyesedwa.
Kuyesa bwino kuyambira pa Ogasiti 13 mpaka Seputembara 30, 1971 kunachitika ndi mkulu woyeserera geologist P.I. Garbar ndi master test I.G. Kozlovsky.
Mafuta omwe amapezeka kumafakitale amangokhala ngati ma Middle Jurassic, Valanginian, Hauterivian, ndi Barrem. Pansi pa mafuta ponse pali 1000 m.
Kuwongolera kwa mutu wa Surgut NRE TT. M. Morozov kwa Mutu wa Glavtyumengeology Yu .. G. Ervye - pa zomwe anapeza mafuta a Fedorovskoye:
Kuchokera ku Surgut August 17, 1971
Kasupe wamafuta a 105 m3 / tsiku adapezeka pachitsime cha HP 6S cha Fedorovskaya Square poyesa chinthu choyambirira pakadutsa SS96-SS90 m wosanjikiza BS-11. pa 19 mm yoyenera. Uwu ndi gawo lachitatu lamafuta lomwe linapezedwa ndi msuzi wamafuta a Surgut chaka chino. Morozov.
Munda wa Fedorovskoye wakhala ukupangidwa mwamalonda kuyambira 1973. Mu 2000, mafuta opitilira matani 8.277 miliyoni ndi mpweya wa 2,5 biliyoni m 3. Mafuta opindulitsa anali pafupifupi matani 456.875 miliyoni, mpweya - 18.252 biliyoni m 3.
// Biography of the Great Feat: Tyumen Geology: Zaka. Anthu. Zochitika (1953-2003) .- Wed.-Ural. Kalonga Nyumba Yofalitsa, 2003.-S.296-297
Fedorovskoe
Mutu: Fedorovskoye mafuta ndi gasi wamafuta
Malo: Malo a Khanty-Mansi Autonomous
Chilolezo: OJSC "Surgutneftegas"
Masheya: Malo osungirako mafuta oyambirirawa m'munda ndi matani 1.5 biliyoni.
Zinthu: Pampangidwe wa AS4-8 pamunda wa Fedorovskoye, miyala yosanjikiza mafuta m'malo ena ndi mainchesi 4-2, pali chipewa cha mamitala 50 pamwambapa, ndi madzi amtundu womwewo pansipa.
Mundawu udatchulidwa pambuyo pa wopambana mphoto ya USSR State Viktor Petrovich Fedorov, wamkulu wa geophysicist wa ntchito yokafufuza mafuta ku Surgut. Malinga ndi kusoka kwa zam'madzi, cha m'ma 60s, adaneneratu za kupezeka kwa munda wa Fedorovskoye, womwe pambuyo pake umatchedwa "mlongo wachichepere" wa Samotlor.
Ogasiti 17, 1971 - mundawo udapezedwa ndi chitsime chowunikira Nambala 62, chomwe chidatulutsa mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amayenda mopitilira mamilimita 100. m patsiku.
Marichi 31, 1973 - Munda wa Fedorovskoye unayikidwa mu ntchito yoyendetsa mafakitale. Matani oyambira amafuta adapezeka kuchokera pachitsime Na. 66.
Okutobala 25, 1974 -Posintha ulemu adachitika polemekeza matani miliyoni miliyoni omwe amapangidwira kumunda.
Marichi 30, 1977 - Mothandizidwa ndi Glavtyumenneftegaz, dipatimenti yopanga mafuta ndi gasi inapangidwa.
Meyi 1978 - station yoyamba yolumikizira (CSN-2) yokhala ndi magawo awiri olekanitsidwa ndi matani 20,000 patsiku idatumizidwa, woyamba kumunda wa Fedorovskoye.
Juni 1, 1978 - Adapanga malo opangira zojambula zamafuta ndi gasi No. 1 (TsDNG-1).
1980-1981 - gawo lolimbikira lotukula gasi limachitika, zitsime zimakhala ndi zida zonyamula pansi panthaka.
Januware 1982 - station yoyamba kukweza magesi KS-41 idayamba kugwira ntchito, ntchito yotseka magesi idayamba.
1983 - Kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapezeka kumunda wa Fedorovskoye adakwaniritsidwa - kupitilira matani 35 miliyoni.
February 1985 - Moni wamafuta 250 miliyoni adapangidwa kumunda. Mchaka chomwecho, malo oyendetsa mafakitale opangira mawonekedwe a AC4-8 adapangidwa pagawo la TsDNG-2.
1988 - Kusamutsidwa kwa zitsime ndikupangira mafuta opangidwa kunayamba.
M'zaka zoyambirira za 90s, ntchito yoyesera kuyendetsa pansi yopingasa idayamba.
Disembala 1994 - Pamunda wa Fedorovskoye, kudula kwamalonda kwa AC4-8 kupangidwa ndi zitsime zopingasa kunakopekedwa.
Kuti mupeze muyeso wokwanira mu 1983. kuchepa kwa ntchito kunapitilira mpaka chaka cha 1996. Komabe, izi zidasinthidwa chifukwa cha kutumiza nkhokwe zolimbikira, komwe, pakadali pano, ukadaulo, ukadaulo komanso zikhalidwe zachuma, sizinagwire ntchito bwino kwambiri.
2004 - Matani 500 miliyoni amafuta apangidwa kuyambira pomwe ntchito idayamba.
Mu 2012 Koposa matani 8 miliyoni a 275,000 zamafuta amapangidwa ku munda wa Fedorovskoye. Kuposa 30% ya voliyumu iyi imaperekedwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa zitsime zopingasa. Molingana ndi ukadaulo wa chitukuko, njira yofananira yogwirira kumunda imatha kusungidwa kwakanthawi.
Mkhalidwe Wakale: Kukula kopitilira
Tekinoloje: Kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi zinthu zovuta kuzisunga, kusokonekera, kukoka mozungulira, ndi kuwundana kwa hydraulic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malo a Fedorovsky amana
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokumba mwakuya, malo a Megion, Surgut, ndi Partezdovskoye zidapezeka pambuyo pa mzake (25 okha mu m'mphepete). Munda, dzina lake pambuyo pa wasayansi wanzeru kwambiri, adapezeka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi atamwalira - mu 1971. Ili pa 75 km kumpoto kwa Surgut (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) pakuya kwa 1.9 - 3.1 km. Chilankhulo chouma chouma chimati malowa ndi gawo lapakati m'chigawo cha mafuta ndi mafuta a Surgut ku Central Ob mafuta ndi gasi.
Geological terminology imawonjezera kuti mundawo uli pamalo owoneka bwino a Fedorovsky ndipo ndiwowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino komanso wolimba.
Malo omwe akukweza onse ndi 850 mita. km, ndi matalikidwe a 37 m.
Maukadaulo a kumunda wa Fedorovskoye
Dera lomwe kuli mundawo lili pafupifupi 1900 km2, kachulukidwe ka mafuta ndi 0,85-0.9 g / cm3. Pambuyo pa Samotlor, gawo ili ndi lachiwiri kukula kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madandaulo ndipo lili pamndandanda wazikhumi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa ndi la chimphona (mtundu wa gulu) ndikutukuka (chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha mafakitale).
Chiyambireni chitukuko cha munda wa Fedorovsky
Chifukwa chake, gawo lomwe lidapezeka mu 1971 mu 1973 lidayamba kugwira ntchito. Zaka zoyambilira zidawonetsa kuti si gawo lokha lomwe lingadziwitse kuchuluka kwa mafuta, koma magawo omwe azungulira. Kuchita kwakukulu kumatheka pokhapokha ngati mukutumiza zida zamagetsi ndikusintha kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso kuthekera kokonza ndi kukonza machitidwe ake. Kukula kwa malo okonzanso kunakhala kumayambiriro kwa mseu nkhani yayikulu yachitukuko.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa misewu (yomwe sinali ntchito yovuta kwa zinthu zachilengedwe), kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe kunachulukanso. Kukula kofulumira kwa kupanga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chinthuchi. Kupanga mapaipi amafuta kunamaliza chithunzithunzi cha kupambana kwa ukadaulo waukadaulo, wopangidwira kuthandiza ogwira ntchito m'makampani amafuta.
Kukula kwa Ntchito Zamunda ndi Zachitukuko
Chaka ndi theka pambuyo pake (Okutobala 1974), mundawo udafotokoza za mafuta oyamba matani miliyoni. Kwa nthawi yonseyi Matani opitilira 500 miliyoni (chizindikiro ichi chidafikiridwa mu 2004) mafuta adatulutsidwa m'matumbo mwake pakusefukira kumunda. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha zokolola chinafika mu 1983, pomwe dzikolo lidalandira matani 36 miliyoni.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kopitilira muyeso, mafuta omwe angabwezeretsedwe amakhala pafupifupi matani 1.5 biliyoni. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kosavuta, mawu amafika kuti nthawi yowerengeka ya chitukuko chamunda izikhala zaka zina 110-120.
Zomwe zimapanga mafuta ku munda wa Fedorovskoye
Pambuyo pa kukwera, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito kunatsatiridwa. Malinga ndi zachilendo za kupanga kwa mafuta kuderali, mafuta ali m'magawo omwe ali pakati pa kapu, yomwe ili ndi mpweya, komanso njira yamadzi yotsekemera. Kusowa kwa chotchingira dongo kumapangitsa kuti madzi azilowedwa mofulumira. Pamenepa, migodi ikukumana ndi kusefukira kwamphamvu, komwe ndi mliri waukulu wamundawo.
Madzi ochulukirapo atapumira mgodi, nthawi yochulukirapo idakumba mgodi. Kuchita bwino kwa ntchito kukugwa, migodi iyenera kuyimitsidwa kuti ikonzedwe osakonzekera. Chifukwa chake, pali kutsika kwakukulu pakupanga kwa mafuta. Ma shafa obowola pamizere pamenepa amakhala opanda phindu.
Zinthu zoterezi sizabwino mwanjira yachilengedwe yopanga mafuta, momwe, mu 90s ya zaka zapitazi, magawo oyamba adatengedwa kuti adziwitse tekinoloji yatsopano yowombera - yopingasa. Tekinoloji yoyendetsa pakatikati siyabwino pantchito yamafuta, chifukwa njirayi yakhala ikudziwika kuyambira 1846. 30s ya zana lotsatira idasintha zofunikira paukadaulo pakugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
Kuchiyambiyambi kwa 1950, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zitsime zozungulira kunayamba. Mitengo ikuluikulu pamilandu iyi imapatuka kuchoka pamzere, chingwe chokha chimakhala kutali ndi munda. Madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito njirayi ndi minda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena gombe. Kapangidwe kofunafuna ndikukula kopitilira kunapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito m'makampani opanga mafuta apange njira zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya masango, pomwe malo amodzi (tsango) akhoza kuphatikiza zitsime 10-12 kuchokera pamenepo monga nthambi (chifukwa chake dzinali).
Zikuyembekezeredwa ndikupanga gawo la Fedorovsky
Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, kuyesa koyambitsa njira yoyendetsera yopingasa pamunda wa Fedorovskoye kudatha. Pafupifupi matani miliyoni miliyoni amafuta, omwe akuwoneka kuti atayika, adalembedwa chifukwa cha phindu lotsika la kupanga. Pakadali pano, mpaka 30% yamafuta onse amafuta amapangidwa m'munda uno m'njira yopingasa, ndipo njira yothandizirayi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chakuwoneka kosungika kosasinthika kosungira (komwe phindu limasinthasintha kuzungulira zero), pulani ya chitukuko ikukonzekera kuwonjezera kupanga mwa kukumba kopingasa. Akatswiri azachuma amapereka chiwonetsero chachuma chazabwino pazotsatira za izi. Monga chowonjezera china, zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito gasi lachilengedwe lolumikizana mpaka 99% ya voliyumu yake. Njirayi imakhudza bwino chilengedwe cha dera (zovuta zachilengedwe ndizotsika pang'ono).
Kodi mumachita nokha? Kenako werengani nkhani yofotokoza za ntchitoyi!
Feteleza ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'munda mwanu. Zambiri zimapezeka pa ulalo wa https://greenologia.ru/eko-problemy/biosfera/bolota/torf-udobrenie.html.
Mphamvu ya Fedorovsky kusungitsa zachilengedwe m'derali
Monga fakitale iliyonse yama petrochemical, yasiya chizindikiro chosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha dera. Koma poyerekeza ndi malingaliro osaganizira komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe m'zaka zana zapitazi, njira yamakono yachitetezo zachilengedwe imapereka zotsatira zowonjezereka. Malinga ndi malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa, zofuna zachilengedwe zamabizinesi zakhala zikukhazikika nthawi zambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kumayang'aniridwa mosalekeza, chifukwa chotsatira zomwe zikuwoneka bwino mu ubale wa munthu ndi chilengedwe.
Ngozi zimachitikanso, ngati zomwe zidachitika mchaka cha 2011 chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa mgodi.
Komabe, ndendende chifukwa chakukhazikika kwa zofunikira zamagetsi ndi miyezo yachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zimachitika mgodi ndizosafunikira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha m'derali.
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug yamakono paliponse komanso mbiri yodziwika bwino ya Fedorovka makamaka imatha kutchedwa kuti bwalo lamafuta la m'ma 2000. Kudumphadumpha kosatheka kopangidwa ndi omwe akupanga mundawo pazaka pafupifupi 45 zakugwirira ntchito kwake kumatipatsa mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa popanda kudziyesa koyenera. Ngati mdziko lathu chinali chizolowezi kuyitanitsa ngwazi osati mizinda yokha, komanso madongosolo, ndiye kuti Fedorovskoye amana ikakhala imodzi yoyamba kulandira dzina ili.
(Palibe mavoti pano)