- DZIWANI IZI
- Nthawi ya moyo ndi malo ake (nthawi): theka loyamba la nthawi ya Cretaceous (pafupifupi zaka 140-120 miliyoni zapitazo)
- Zopezeka: mu 1822, England
- Ufumu: Zinyama
- Era: Mesozoic
- Mtundu: Makina
- Gulu: Nkhuku
- Subgroup: Mankhwala othandizira
- Kalasi: Zotulutsa
- Gulu lalikulu: Dinosaurs
- Zopangira: Ornithopods
- Banja: Iguanodonts
- Mtundu: Iguanodon
Anakhala ndi kudya ng'ombe. Moyo wawo unadutsa pafupi ndi dziwe laling'ono, lomwe linazunguliridwa ndi mitengo yayitali. Mano awo ndi ofanana ndi a iguanas apano, chifukwa atapeza mafupa oyamba amtunduwu, asayansi adasokoneza ndi ma iguanas akale. Pambuyo pake panali pomwe mafupa athunthu ndi mano akulu adapezeka.
Ma dinosaur omwe amadya masamba okha, amatha kuyenda pamiyendo iwiri komanso m'miyendo inayi. Kutsogolo kwake kunali kwakuthwa.
Mudadya chiyani komanso mumakhala ndi moyo wotani?
Moyo udachitika pafupifupi kumpoto kwa America, ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia. Amadyanso masamba a mitengo ndi tchire, mano anali akulu komanso olimba mokwanira, zavr amatha kutola masamba ambiri m'masaya ndikutafuna, pomwe zitsamba zina zimeza miyala kuti ikupere chakudya.
Nyali
Panali ma tchu 4, kutsogolo kanthawi kocheperako kuposa kumbuyo. Ndiwo mtundu wokhawo womwe ungayende pamiyendo iwiri ya kumbuyo kapena kwathunthu 4. Panali zala 3 m'miyendo yakumbuyo. Miyendo yakutsogolo inali ndi zala zisanu, malo ake ali ofanana ndi a munthu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti iguanodon imatha kudula masamba osati kokha ndi mulomo, komanso ndi kutsogolo kwake. Panali zibwano zakuthwa zala zonse, koma chala chachi 5 panali chovala chachikulu choluka, chomwe chimatha kupereka chitetezo kwa omwe akuwopseza.
Amatha kupanga kuthamanga mpaka 25 km / h. Mchira unathandizira kukhalabe olimba pakuthamanga.
Nkhani yopezeka
Iguanodon ndiye woyamba dinosaur wa herbivorous wopezeka.
- Zotsalira zoyambirira za Iguanodon zidapezeka mu 1822 ndi a Moni Mantella kumwera chakum'mawa kwa England pafupi ndi mzinda wa Sussex. Malinga ndi nthano, mano oyambawo adapezeka ndi mkazi wa Mantella poyenda limodzi molumikizana, kenako Mantel adagula mafupawo akuluakulu omwe adapezeka m'manda pafupi ndi Whitens Green, pomwe adafotokozera za dinosaur mu 1825.
- Mu 1834, m'chigawo cha Kent, pafupi ndi Maidstone (England), mafupa a buluzi wofanana ndi uyu adapezeka. Mantell adagula chipika chomwe adapeza ndi ndalama zokwana mapaundi 25 ndipo mchaka chomwechi adafotokozera ndikufotokozera zomwe zidapezeka.
- Ku Belgium (Bernissar) mu 1878, manda onse a Iguanodon adapezeka mgodi pamtunda wa 322 metres. 38 Mafupa pafupifupi onse otetezedwa adapezeka, mwina adayikidwa munthawi yomweyo ndi kusefukira kwamatope. Tsopano akuimiridwa ku Royal Institute of Natural Science of Belgium.
- Mafupa anapezeka pambuyo pake ku Mongolia, South Dakota, ndi Tunisia.
Mitundu ya Iguanodons
Iguanodonbernissartensis - awa ndi mawonekedwe a iguanodan, wotsimikizika Boulenger mu 1881 chaka, chopezeka pafupi ndi Bernissard komanso ku Europe konse.
Iguanodon galvensis - yowonetsedwa mkati2015 chaka, zotsalazo zidapezeka pafupi ndi Teruel (Spain) m'malo osungirako nyama ya Barremian.
Kapangidwe ka mafupa
Miyendo ya kumbuyo ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu kuposa kutsogolo, ndipo buluzi nthawi zambiri limayimilira pamiyendo yake yakumbuyo kufikira masamba ataliatali kapena kufufuza malo ozungulira.Zala zisanu zinali pamphumi. apakati atatu anali akulu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito othandizira. Gawo la iguanodon linali loyala lomwe lili pachala choyamba. Munga umatetezedwa ku nyama zomwe zimadyera ndikuthandizira mtedza wa dinosaur, poyambirira adalakwitsa ngati nyanga pamphuno. Zala za ma iguanodons zinali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma phalange. Chala chokhala ndi choyala ndi chachiwiri, zala zotsala zinagawidwa pakati pa ma phalanges, motere: 3-5-2-5 phalanges. Zala zazing'ono, zazitali kwambiri komanso zosinthika kwambiri, zimalola kugwidwa ndi zinthu zachiwongola. Zala zitatu zakuda zinali kumapazi kwa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Mchira wake ankadumphadumpha kuchokera kumbali, unkachita ntchito yoyang'anira bwino.
Iguanodon anali ndi masaya atali kwambiri komanso mulomo wopyapyala ngati kamimba kakang'ono, wokhala ndi mano apamwamba, omwe amasunthira kunja zakudya ndikumapaka chakudya chamkati ndi mano mkati mwake. Mano ake anali ofanana ndi mano a iguanas, mano ake kumtunda amakhala otsika kale. Panali amuna 29 pachibwano chapamwamba komanso 25 kumunsi. Mawo anali atayikiratu mkamwa, ndipo buluzi mkamwa anali ndi mtundu wa tsaya kuti lisunge chakudya pakamwa. Mano a Iguanodon adangosintha kamodzi m'moyo wonse.
Ubale ndi abale
Iguanodons amapanga ng'ombe zazikulu ndikuyamba kuyang'ana msipu watsopano. Kuteteza pamodzi kwa zilombo zimaperekedwa pogawa maudindo: pomwe ena amadya, ena amayang'anitsitsa mosamala zomwe zingawopseze komanso kukula kwa achinyamata.
Kusuntha
Poyamba, Iguanodon adayikidwa miyendo yake yakumbuyo kukonzanso, koma chifukwa cha kulimba kwa mafupa pamsana m'chigawo cha pelvic, mchira wa dinosaur sunasinthidwe mokwanira, kotero malo osasunthika osasunthika sanali otheka. Zomwe dinosaur amayenda pamiyendo inayi zikuwonekera ndiwosindikizidwa zingapo zaposachedwa ndi phazi ndi mchira wanjira. Kutha kukwera ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kwa nyanjayo kunapatsa iguanodon mwayi wowoneka bwino kuposa abuluzi ena azitsamba, ndipo moyo wamtunduwu unachititsa kuti zizikhala zambiri.
Malo osungirako zinthu zakale okhala ndi mafupa a iguanodon
- Masiku ano, mafupa ndi ma iguanodons okhala ndi zinthu zambiri ali m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale zonse, mwachitsanzo, pakuwonetsedwa ku malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Ubersee ku Bremen.
- Kukonzanso koyamba kwa iguanodon komwe kumawonetsedwa pawonetsero wapadziko lonse ku Crystal Palace ku London
- Royal Institute of Natural Sayansi ya Belgium
- Transatlantic Ethnographic Museum ku Bremen, Germany
Nenani za openda
- Mu kanema wokhala ndi makanema "Earth isanayambe Nthawi", m'modzi mwa anthu asanu otchulidwa - Ducky - ndi iguanodon yaying'ono.
- Katuni "Dinosaur". Khalidwe lalikulu lachithunzichi ndi iguanodon Alladar. Komanso komweko abuluzi Nira, Bruton ndi Kron amawonekera.
Tchulani Buku
- Ngwazi za The Lost World zolembedwa ndi Conan Doyle ndi Plutonia wolemba Vladimir Obruchev
Nyimbo idalembedwanso za dinosaur iyi
"Iguanodon adakhala moyo, wolemera matani makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu."
Ndakatulo ndi V. Berestov Music wolemba S. Nikitin, sp. Tatyana ndi Sergey Nikitins
Chisinthiko
Fossils za Iguanodont zadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Jurassic, komabe, munthawi ya Cretaceous, gulu la herbivores lidachita bwino kwambiri, likufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, pali mndandanda wakale wamtundu wa "advanced" iguanodonts a Cretaceous woyambirira waku Asia. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zochulukirapo za mitunduyi zikuonetsa kuti ma Iguanodon oyambilira adawonekera ku Asia, kenako adafalikira kumadera ena padziko lapansi.
Ngakhale amagawidwa kwambiri, zotsalira za maguanodonts a nthawi imeneyi ndizosowa kwambiri ku North America. Amakhala kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a Utah, omwe amatenga zaka 40 miliyoni kuchokera kusinthidwe (mwachitsanzo, Hippodraco scutodens ndi Iguanacolossus mwayi) .
Kuchulukitsa
Woyamba taxi Iguanodontia akufuna Dollo mu 1888. Mpaka pano, palibe malingaliro omwe amavomerezedwa ponena za kuchuluka kwa ma taxonomic a gulu. Iguanodontia nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati infraorder mkati mwa suborder Ornithopoda, ngakhale ku Benton (2004) m'ndandanda wa ornithopods Iguanodontia monga infraorder sizimawoneka. Pachikhalidwe, ma iguanodonts adayikidwa m'magulu apamwamba kwambiri Iguanodontoidea ndi banja Iguanodontidae. Komabe, kafukufuku wa phylogenetic amawonetsa kuti iguanodonts zachikhalidwe ndi gulu la paraphyletic lomwe limatsogolera ma hadrosaurs ("dinosaurs led dinosaurs"). Magulu monga Iguanodontoideaamagwiritsidwabe ntchito nthawi zina ngati njira yopanda tanthauzo m'mabuku asayansi, ngakhale ma Iguanodonts ambiri azikhalidwe pano akuphatikizidwa m'magulu ophatikizika Hadrosauroidea.
Mulinso magulu angapo:
Ankylopollexia - chuma pagulu Iguanodontia, yomwe imaphatikizapo magulu awiri a ma dinosaurs: Styracosterna (gulu la nkhuku-ma dinosaurs omwe amakhala nthawi ya Jurassic ndi Cretaceous m'maiko onse, kuphatikiza ku Antarctica) ndi Camptosauridae.
Dryomorpha - chuma pagulu Iguanodontiakuphatikiza banja Dryosauridae.
Gulu
Ma Iguanodons anali ma dinosaurs akuluakulu a herbivorous omwe amatha kuyenda pamiyendo iwiri ndi inayi. Oimira mitundu yokhayokha yomwe mosakayikira ndi ya mtundu wa iguanodons, I. bernissartensis, anali ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani atatu komanso kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 10 metres, kutalika kwa anthu ena mpaka 13 metres. Zinali ndi zigaza zazikulu komanso zopapatiza, kutsogolo kwa nsagwada kunali kakhomo keratin, lotsatiridwa ndi mano ofanana ndi mano a iguana, koma okulirapo komanso pafupipafupi.
Zotsogozo zinali pafupifupi zazifupi kutalika kwa miyendo yakumbuyo ndipo zimatha ndi manja opindika asanu, zala zitatu zapakati pa iwo zidasinthidwa kuti zithandizire. Pamanja panali zikwanje, zomwe amati ndizoteteza. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX, ma spikes awa adawoneka ngati nyanga ndipo adayikidwa ndi paleontologists pamphuno ya nyama, malo awo enieni adawululidwa pambuyo pake. Zala zazing'ono, mosiyana ndi zala zina zonse, zinali zazitali komanso zosinthika. Zala zake zinali ndi ma phalange omwe adapangidwa molingana ndi formula 2-3-3-2-4, ndiko kuti, panali ma phalanges awiri pachala, 3 pachala cholozera, ndi zina zambiri. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, yololera kuyenda, koma osati kuthamanga, panali zala zitatu zokha. Msana ndi mchira zimathandizidwa ndi tendons. Matendawa amakula nthawi yonse ya nyama ndipo amatha kupindika. (Tendons zamtunduwu zimasiyidwa nthawi zambiri pakukonzanso mafupa ndi zojambula).
Monga dzina lake likunenera, mano a iguanodon anali ofanana ndi mano a iguana, koma anali ndi zazikulu. Mosiyana ndi apolisi awo, ma iguanodons adasinthana mano kamodzi kokha m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba panali mano 29 mbali iliyonse, pa premaxilla kunalibe mano, nsagwada yakumbuyo inali ndi mano 25. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mano pachibwano kunalongosoledwa ndikuti mano ali pachiwopsezo chocheperako anali ochuluka kwambiri kuposa kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakuti mizere ya mano ndiyakuya, komanso chifukwa cha zinthu zina, zimavomerezedwa kuti ma iguanodons anali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masaya, kuwalola kuti azigwira chakudya pakamwa pawo.
Kugawa [|Pezani Mbiri
Mano a Iguanodon (Mantell, 1825)
Iguanodon ndiye woyamba dinosaur wa herbivorous wopezeka. Amakhulupirira kuti mano oyamba a iguanodon adapezeka ndi a Mary Ann, mkazi wa a Gideon Mantella, omwe adachezera nawo wodwala ku Sussex, England, mu 1822. Komabe, mu 1851 adanenanso kuti adapeza mano, mwina nkhaniyi ndi yabodza, chifukwa zimadziwika m'mabuku ake kuti Mantell adapeza mafupa akulu akulu kuchokera kumanda aku Waitemans Green kale mu 1820.
Mu Meyi 1822, adayamba kupereka mano ake ku Royal Society ku London, koma a William Buckland adawakana, poganiza kuti ndi ziphuphu zakupandukira. Pa Juni 23, 1823, a Charles Lyell adawaonetsa a Georges Cuvier mano awa, koma katswiri wazachilengedwe wa ku France adawaganiziranso ngati mano a chipembere. Patatha chaka chimodzi, a Mantell adatumizanso mano a Cuvier, omwe, atawaphunzira, adatsimikiza kuti mwina ndi amtundu wazikuluzikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimasamba kwambiri. M'mabuku ake osindikizidwa, Cuvier adavomereza kulakwa kwake koyambirira, komwe kunapangitsa kuti Mantell atengedwe, komanso kupweteka kwake kwatsopano mu sayansi. Mu Seputembara 1824, a George Mantell adapita ku Royal College of Surgeons, kuyesa kupeza mano ofananirako, pomwe wothandizira wothandizira Samuel Stochbori adamuwuza kuti akuwoneka ngati mano a iguana, koma ochulukirapo makumi awiri. Mantell adalengeza zomwe apeza pa February 10, 1825, pomwe adapereka chikalata ku Royal Society ya London, komwe adatchula zomwe adapeza pansi pa dzina Iguanodon kapena dzino la iguana. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira, cholengedwacho chimatha kutalika mpaka 18 metre (60), chokulirapo kuposa mita 12 (40 mapazi) Megalosaurus (Megalosaurus) Mu 1832, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zachilengedwe ku Germany dzina lake George May Mayer anakhazikitsa dzina la mtunduwo Iguanodon mantelliadaperekedwa polemekeza a Moni a Mantell.
Maidstone chitsanzo, 1834.
Kumangidwanso kwa Iguanodon (Mantell, 1834)
Iguanodon ku Crystal Palace, 1854
Mu 1834, kufupi ndi Maidstone, Kent (England), nyama yatsopano yonga nyama yatsopanoyo inapezedwa. Mantell atatha kukafika kumeneko, mimbayo inalekanitsidwa kale ndi thanthweli ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu ndipo mafupa ambiri anali mgululo. Mwini wake anali atalipira £ 25 pachotse ichi ndipo Mantell, atatola ndalama zoyenerera, anapeza. M'chaka chomwecho, kufalitsa kwa Mantella kudasindikizidwa, ndi kufotokoza kwa chitsanzo cha Maidstone. Mantell adapanganso koyamba kukonza maonekedwe a dinosaur iyi, koma chifukwa chosakwanira, adalakwitsa zingapo, adamuwonetsa ngati chilombo cha miyendo inayi yokhala ndi nyanga pamphuno yake. Zotsatira zomwe zachitika ku Belgium zatsutsa malingaliro amenewa, kuwonetsa kuti "nyanga "yo inali chala cha kutsogolo. Mu 1838, buku ili (BMNH R.3791) linagulidwa ndi British Museum of Natural History (tsopano London Museum of Natural History) kwa $ 4,000. Mu 1851, Richard Owen adatenga izi Iguanodon mantellindipo patatha zaka zitatu, ziboliboli zazikulu za ma dinosaurs oyamba - iguanodon, megalosaurus ndi gileosaurus, zopangidwa molingana ndi malingaliro a Richard Owen, adaziyika ku Crystal Palace Park, kufupi ndi London. Komabe, nkhani ya chitsanzo cha Maidstone sichinathere pamenepa, ofufuza amakono adatulutsa mtundu wa Mantellizaurus (Mantellisaurus), ndipo mchaka cha 2012, a Gregory Paul adalemba nyimbo ndi mitundu yatsopano Kalipentala wa Mantellodon.
Kupeza kodziwika kwambiri ndikupeza manda athu onse a iguanodon mgodi wamgodi wa Saint-Berby, ku Bernissar, Belgium. Pa february 28, 1878, anthu awiri ogwira ntchito m'migodi, a Jules Cretter ndi Alfons Blanhard, ali mkati mwazida zatsopano zowunika pamtunda wa 322, atapunthwa pamatayala a dongo, miyala yosweka, slate ndi miyala yamwala, yomwe imafalitsa fungo lamphamvu. Pa Marichi 1, oyang'anira adaganiza zopitiliza kufufuza. Mwezi uno, Kretter ndi Blanchard adapeza mafupa ndi mano oyambira, koma adaganiza kuti akuchita ndi mitengo yopanda mafuta. Masampuliwa amasungidwa ku Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science ndi cholembedwa "zotsalira za iguanodon woyamba, Marichi 1878". Kuyambira pa Epulo 1 mpaka Epulo 6, gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi isanu (omwe adaphatikiza Kretter ndi Blanchard), omwe adatsogolera pakupanga madola amoto nthawi zonse, adapeza michere yambiri, yambiri yomwe idakutidwa ndi pyrite waluso, yomwe poyambilira idaganiza golide.
Zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, a Jules Cretter anasimba nkhani yake pamwambo wolembedwa pa June 16, 1908: “. Sizokayikitsa kuti tipeze zomwe tapeza ngati sitingazindikire kuti sitikulinso msoko wamalavu, tidapunthwa pa dongo, miyala ndi zinyalala, kufalitsa fungo lamphamvu la chithaphwi, talowa mgodi womwe kale udasefukira, ndipo izi zitha kukhala owopsa. Tikafika patadutsa mphindi 10, tinapeza china chachilendo. Zomwe zinali patsogolo pathu zinali zakuda kwambiri kuti sizikhala mwala komanso zolimba kuti zikhale matanda. Zidutswazo zinali ngati mitengo ikuluikulu ya ebony. Ndinkachita chidwi komanso zimandichititsa chidwi, ndimaganiza kuti awa anali mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo, yonse yolimba yofanana, yakuda, yosalala komanso yolemetsa, inali yovuta kwambiri. Woyang'anira yemwe adandiyandikira adandimvetsera mwachidwi, adayang'anitsanso zigawo ndikundiuza kuti ndizitenga ndikupereka ku ofesi. »
Pa Epulo 12, 1878, woyang'anira mapiri Gustav Arnaut anatumiza telegalamu ku Brussels: “Mafupa ambiri adapezeka mgodi la Bernissart. Muli ndi pyrite. Muuzeni De Pau kuti akafike ku Mons station mawa nthawi ya 8:00. Ndidzakhala komweko. Mwachangu. Gustav Arnaut».
Kupezeka kwa zinthu zakale kunauzidwa ndi a Edward Dupont, mkulu wa Belgian Royal Museum of Natural History (MRHNB).Pa Epulo 13, 1878, a Luis De Pau, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya zamankhwala a MRHNB, adafika ku Bernissard kudzayendera zomwe apeza. Anatinso kuti makoma a mgodi wowunikiramo ndi okutidwa konsekonse ndi mafupa olimbirana, zinthu zakale zam'mera ndi nsomba. Posakhalitsa, ogwira ntchito m'migodi adakumba mwendo wathunthu wakumbuyo, pomwe adaganiza zokweza pa bolodi lodzaza udzu. Komabe, atangotha mamita 300, mafupawo anayamba kusweka, izi zinali chifukwa cha pyrite yayikulu, polumikizana ndi mpweya. Chochitika chamagetsi chomwe chikuwopseza kutaya mafupa onse tsopano chimadziwika kuti "matenda a pyrite." Crystalline pyrite m'mafupa anali oxidate kuti azitsulo zazitsulo, chifukwa chake, voliyumuyo idakwera, chifukwa mafupawo adang'ambika ndikugumuka. Mafupawo atakhala chonyowa, chopanda mpweya wa miyala ya mgodi yopanda mpweya, amatetezedwa kuti asayang'anidwe ndi mpweya. De Pau adazindikira kuti kuchotsa zinthu zakale zokhala ndi pyrite kungafune njira zapadera. Tekinoloji yatsopano yopukula yopangidwa ndi De Pau imagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano pa paleontology. Kuti asunge zimbudzi, De Pau adapanga njira yothandiza kwambiri: chigoba chilichonse chidatengedwa mosamala, ndipo malo ake mumkono adalemba ndikujambulidwa pa pulani. Pambuyo pake adagawika m'magawo osiyanasiyana, malo pafupifupi mita, yokutidwa ndi pepala lonyowa ndi gypsum, ndikuwalemba mosamala, asanatengeke kupita ku Brussels.
Chithunzi cha Mgodi wa Saint-Barbe
Kuyambira pa Meyi 15, 1878, kufukula mwadongosolo kunayamba. Kukhazikika kwa malo osungika kwambiri pamtunda wa 322 mpaka 356 metres, chiwopsezo cha kugwa kwamadzi, kusefukira kwamadzi kapena kugwa, komanso kukula ndi mafupa osakanikirana, kunapangitsa kufukulidwa kwa maguanodons kukhala chochitika chovuta komanso chapadera, chomwe chinatenga nthawi yayitali. Mu Ogasiti 1878, ofesi ya a De Pau idatsekedwa kwa maola awiri mkati mwamigodi, chifukwa cha kugwa kwamvula. Zinthu zokumba pansi zinafunika kuyimitsidwa pa Okutobala 22, 1878, chifukwa cha kugumuka kwamadzi ndi kusefukira kwamadzi, zida ndi zopezeka zakale zinayenera kusiyidwa mkati. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, gululi linali litapeza kale zotsalira za mafupa asanu, oyambayo anali chigoba champhamvu chotchedwa "A" (IRSNB catalog namba 1716), chomwe chingayesedwe kuti chibwezeretsedwe. Zosinthazi zidakonzedwa ndikukonzedwa munthawi ya Okutobala 1878 mpaka Epulo 1879 mu malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, mu chapel cha St. George's Palace of Count Nassau, ku Kudenberg, Brussels (tsopano Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium). Komabe, pakukonzanso koyamba, zidapezeka kuti mafupa akusowa kutsogolo, chofanizira chimangokhala ndi dera lachiberekero, mbali yakumanzere yakumanzere ndi mchira wathunthu, zopezeka pamatumbo oyanjana.
De Pau anayambiranso kufukula pa Meyi 12, 1879, malo atasefukira pa Okutobala 22, 1878 pakuya kwa 322 mita. Gulu lofufuzira la anthu 11 linagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse kuyambira 5:30 mpaka 12:30. Jules Cretter anali woyamba kupeza zida zosiyidwa ndi zinthu zakale zomwe zinachotsedwa mwachangu. Mu Meyi 1879, mafupa 14 a iguanodon, mafupa anayi osanjika, mafupa awiri a ng’ona wamtali (Bernissartia), chigoba chimodzi chamkati (Goniopholis), akambuku awiri ndi zinsomba zosawerengeka komanso zotsalira za mbewu zidatulutsidwa. Kuchokera pachigawo choyamba cha zigawo zosakanikira, njira yoyambira kum'mawa chakum'mawa idakulitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito poyambira mbali ya mita 50. Pa Okutobala 22, 1879, pafupifupi 38 mmalo kuchokera pakhomo, chithunzi chachiwiri cha ng'ona Goniopholis chidapezeka. Atakumba mpaka mita 60 kuchokera pakhomo ili, ma ayguanodoni asanu ndi atatu apezeka. Mu 1881, pa tsamba lomwe linali lakuya mamita 356, kuwombera kwatsopano kunapangidwanso, ndikuzama mita 7-8, m'malo ano mafupa atatu a iguanodon adapezeka.
Pambuyo pakufukula zaka zitatu ku Bernissar, boma la Belgian lidakumana ndi mavuto azachuma ndipo kuyambira 1882 zofunikirazo layimitsidwa. Pazaka zonse za ntchitoyo, mafupa ofanana ndi a 43 a iguanodon anapezeka, kuphatikiza 25 mafupa (ena opitilira 60% achangu) ndi mafupa 8 ochepa okhala ndi zidutswa zapadera. Komabe, si zigawo zonse zakufa zomwe zinafufuzidwa mokwanira; bedi la zinthu zakale lomwe linali ndi miyala ya iguanodons silinathe. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ya 1916 mpaka 1918,
Iguanodon bernissartensis, Brussels, 1910.
Achifwamba aku Germany adayesa kuyambiranso, koma ntchito idasokonezedwa chifukwa cha kutha kwa adani. Nkhondoyo itatha, yemwe anali woyang'anira wa Belgian Paleontological Museum, a Gustav Gilson, adapempha boma la Belgian kuti liyambenso kukumbwa, koma mtengo wake, womwe akuti ndiwokwana mamiliyoni aku Belgian, udali waukulu kwambiri. Malo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mgodi wa St. Bourby adatsekedwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala 1921, chifukwa chamadzi osefukira. Ntchito ku Bernissard inathekeratu mu 1926, ndipo zolowera kumigodi zidadzazidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi slab ya simenti.
Louis De Pau (pakati) ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafupa oyamba a iguanodon pa chapel cha St. George, 1882
Mu 1881, George Albert Boulenger wowonetsa zachilengedwe waku Belgian adalongosola za zinthu zakale pansi pa mawonekedwe atsopano Iguanodon bernissartensis, ndi iguanodontidae wocheperapo wochokera ku Bernissard, yemwe amadziwika kuti IRSNB 1551, Bulecane yemwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wotchuka wochokera ku England - Iguanodon mantelli. Louis Dollo kuyambira 1882 mpaka 1885, monga pulofesa wothandizira mu Dipatimenti ya Fossil Vertebrates ya Royal Belgian Museum of Natural Sciences, adagwira ntchito yomanganso mafupa a iguanodons. Zofukulazi zitafika ku Brussels, zimbalazo zidapezedwa bwino moyang'aniridwa ndi Dollo, yemwe adapanga zikalata zopeza kuti zikabwezeretsenso mafupa a zolengedwa izi. M'mawu ake oyamba asayansi a 1882, adafufuza pakati pa kusiyana Iguanodon bernissartensis ndi Iguanodon mantelli. Mapeto a Dollo anali akuti ma iguanodons ochokera ku Bernissard alidi mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Kubwezeretsa koyamba kusindikizidwa kwa mawonekedwe a iguanodon kuwonekera mu 1882.
Mafupa oyamba kumangidwanso a iguanodon, a “Q” (IRSNB R51), 1883
Mafupa anali kubwezeretsedwanso m'chipinda cha St. George - nyumbayo yokha yomwe ndi yayikulu mokwanira kugwira ntchitoyi. Mafupa oyamba omwe adapangidwanso pamiyala yokhala ndi miyendo iwiri, oyimira “Q” (IRSNB R51, nambala 1534), adaikidwa pachiwonetsero chowonekera kwa anthu m'bwalo la Nassau Palace, mu Julayi 1883. Mu Marichi 2000, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) idasankhidwa Iguanodon bernissartensis kuchokera ku Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sayansi yokhala ndi nambala ya IRSNB R51 (chitsanzo "Q") ngati neotype (holotype yatsopano) ya mtundu.
Nkhani yosangalatsa idachitika ndi chigoba china cha iguanodon kuchokera ku mgodi wa Bernissar, chidalembedwa pansi pa nambala IRSNB 1551 (R57). Iguanodon yaying'ono iyi imayimiridwa ndi mafupa pafupifupi athunthu, omwe amapezeka mwanjira yabwino kwambiri. Mafupa adatsukidwa mu 1882, kenako namangidwanso kuti awonetse mu 1884. Izi ndi zomwe a George Bulecane ndi a Louis Dollo adawaika pamitundu ina - Iguanodon mantelli. Idalekanitsidwa ndi Fomu ya Bernissart potengera kuti inali ndi ma vertebrae oyera asanu, mosiyana ndi mafupa ena ochokera mgodi, omwe anali ndi ma vertebrae opatulika asanu ndi limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mandulidwewo ali afupiafupi ndipo amakhala ndi gawo 60% kutalika kwa dzanja lanu lamanzere. Mu mitundu ya Bernissart chiyerekezochi ndi 75%. Mu 1878, a Pierre-Joseph van Beneden adanena kuti nyama yaying'onoyi inali yachikazi, ndipo Bernissart iguanodon anali nyama yayikulu komanso yamphamvu. Adawaona kuti ndi amtundu womwewo, koma izi sizinatsimikizidwebe. Mu 1986, izi zidasankhidwa ndi David Norman monga Iguanodon atherfieldenis, ndipo mu 2008, a Gregory Paul adamupangira mtundu watsopano Dollodonatchedwa Louis Dollo. Mu kafukufuku wa 2010, a David Norman ndi Andrew MacDonald amawona mtundu wa Dollodon ngati wosavomerezeka ndipo akufotokoza mafupa ang'ono awa a iguanodontida ochokera ku Bernissard mu mtundu Mantellisaurus.
Iguanodon mantelli (IRSNB 1551), 1884
Malinga ndi Norman, mitundu pafupifupi 33 ya ku Bernissard ndi yamtunduwu Iguanodon bernissartensis ndipo mwina mafupa ena asanu ndi limodzi. Mellellizaurus amaimiridwa ndi chithunzi chimodzi chokha cha IRSNB 1551 ndipo mwina mafupa amodzi osakwanira. Njira yachitatu yomwe ikupezeka imakhala ndi timinofu tating'onoting'ono, mafupa am'mimba komanso dzino laling'ono. Norman adalemba mndandanda wazidziwitso za ma iguanodons kuchokera ku Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science (RBINS), malinga ndi Norman, zitsanzo zitatu zokha zochokera ku Bernissard ndi nyama zazikulu.
Iguanodon ku Museum ya Britain, 1895
Dolo adaika chigoba choyamba mu 1883, kukhazikitsa mafupa asanu ndi anayi otsala mu utsogoleri wake kunachitika ndi L. De Pau, mu 1902, zomangidwanso zonse khumi zinaikidwa mgulu la National Gallery ku Leopold Park. Kutalika kwa ma dinosaurs omangidwanso m'malo opindika kuchokera pa 6.3 mpaka 7.3 metres, ndipo kukula ndikuchokera 3.9 mpaka 5 metres. Iguanodon mantelli yokhayo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imangofika mamita 3.9 kutalika ndi 3.6 mita. Dinosaurs anali komweko kuyambira mu 1902 mpaka 1932, komabe, chifukwa chodziwitsidwa ndi mpweya, chinyezi komanso kutentha, mafupawo anayamba kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, mzaka kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1937, mafupa onse adasungunuka ndikuphimbidwa ndi chisakanizo choteteza mowa komanso chipolopolo, ndichifukwa chake adapeza mtundu wa bulauni (osati chifukwa adapezeka mgodi lamakala). Mafupa adasungunukanso mu 1940 chifukwa cha mantha kuti mwina adzazunzidwa kapena kuphulitsidwa konse panthawi ya bomba, pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Zotsalazo zinkasungidwa m'zipinda zamkati, zitseko zomwe zidatsekedwa ndi mchenga. Komabe, kunali konyowa kwambiri komwe kotero kuti adasunthidwira kumtunda kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Masiku ano, mafupa ali mu Royal Museum of Natural Sayansi ku Brussels, pomwe amawonetsa akuwonetsedwa mu "Dinosaur Gallery", zoyerekeza zathunthu zokwana 10 zili mokhazikika, pachiwonetsero chachikulu cha galasi, ndipo zoyerekeza 12 zosakwanira komanso zigawo za mafupa asanu ndi atatu ndizolemba kuwonekera kukawonekera, pamalo pomwe anapezeka. Kope limodzi la mafupa, imodzi mwa mafupa olimba kwambiri a iguanodon ochokera ku Bernissard, adatumizidwa kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale a Sedgwick, University of Cambridge, ngati mphatso yochokera kwa a King Leopold II. Mu 1895, Museum ya Britain inatenganso kope la Bernissart iguanodon woyamba ndikuyika mu Reptile Gallery. Ndondomeko zonse zokumba zimasungidwa zakale za Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science. Chifukwa cha mapulani awa komanso zolemba pamanja zambiri, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsanso zomwe zimachitika kuti iguanodon ipezeke. Gustav Lavalett ndi ena ojambula pa malo osungirako zinthu zakale ku Brussels, omwe amagwira ntchito pamalo ofukutsirawo, anajambula mwatsatanetsatane za ma Iguanodons ndi Ngona zopezeka mgodi, pomwe adawonetsedwa pamalo omwe adapezeka kuti: