Kutetezedwa ndi boma la Russia ndikulembedwera mu Red Book la dzikolo, chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mbewa ndi woimira dziko la mbalame. Anapulumuka mozizwitsa.
Tsopano chiwerengero chake chikuchulukirachulukira, kuphatikizapo ku Tatarstan. Mbalame yayikuluyi yodya nyama yokhala ndi maula oyera mchira yakhala ikuonedwa kuti ndi yoyipa komanso yowonongeka.
Mu nthawi za Soviet, Mphungu Zoyera-zauve sizinangosakidwa. Poti nyama yake idapereka mphotho yayikulu. Pambuyo pake zidadziwika kuti lingaliro lolondola mbalameyi lidalakwika. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi tchire loyera sichinawomberedwenso, koma tsoka lina linayamba.
Ku Tatarstan, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, mafakitale olemera anapitilizabe kukula, ndipo zochitika zachilengedwe zinaipiraipira chaka ndi chaka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kulowa mosasunthika m'madzi ndi nthaka ya Tatarstan, zidadzetsa vuto lalikulu ku nyama. Mbalame zaku Tatarstan, kuphatikiza chiwombankhanga choyera, zidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwechi. Tsopano mbalame yokongola komanso yofunika imeneyi imayang'aniridwa mosamala mu republic.
Bustard
Amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yoopsa kwambiri youluka. Bustard amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zofanana. Amakhala mapiri kumapeto kwa Tatarstan. Mosamala kwambiri komanso mwamanyazi. Panthawi yokhala nesting, ma bustard amayenda pafupi ndi nkhalango, komwe kuli tchire lalitali ndi masamba owala.
Amakonda kupanga zisa m'minda ya mpendadzuwa kapena m'minda ya tirigu. Zakudya zawo ndizosiyana kwambiri, kutengera malo omwe amakhala. Amatha kudya achule ndi abuluzi ngati kuli madzi pafupi, ndipo mphukira, zipatso, njere zimadyera mu steppe ndi landning. Ma Bustards amawuluka kwambiri, koma amakonda kuthamanga.
Monga chiwombankhanga choyera, bustard amalembedwa mu Red Book la dzikolo komanso republic of Tatarstan. Chiwerengerochi chinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusaka kosalamulirika, kutukuka kwa mapiri ndi anthu, komanso kuthamangitsa mbalame m'malo awo.
Ku Tatarstan, tsopano akuyesetsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mabotolo. Tetezani magawo omwe amakhala. Amatola mazira kuchokera ku zisa za makolo omwe anamwalira ndi kuwaswa anapiye m'makola, kenako ndikulola mbalame zaulere kumasuka.
Korona wankhwawa
Wina wovulazidwa wa fuko la mbalame, woimira chidwi padziko lonse la mbalame za ku Tatarstan. Kamodzi ka grey adagawidwa mu republic pafupifupi kumpoto konse. Koma kudula mitengo mwachisakasa komanso kukokoloka kwa zithaphwi kunasokoneza kwambiri chiwerengero chake.
Korona wamtundu sanalembedwe mwalamulo mu Buku Lofiyira, koma ali pafupi ndi izi. Komanso ndi mbalame yopatsa chidwi, sikukana nsomba ndi ma amphibians. Koma ndi chisangalalo chofananacho amadya nthangala, mizu yobzala, ndi zipatso.
Ma cray akhungu amapanga chisa pansi, mazira awiri okha amayikidwa, omwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Zisa zakumwa ndi matayala a magalimoto, oponderezedwa ndi ziweto.
Mitengo yamatumbo atatu
Ku taiga kumpoto kwa Tatarstan, mutha kupeza mitundu yokhayo pakati pa mitengo yamatabwa omwe alibe, koma zala zitatu pamiyendo - iyi ndi mitengo yamatumbo atatu.
Osakhala wamkulu kwambiri, wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi yoyambira, mitengo yamatenthedwe atatu ndi yofunikira mwachilengedwe monga chilengedwe. Zimawononga tizirombo pansi pa mitengo, komwe mbalame zina sizingafikire. Wosamala komanso wosagwirizana, Woodpecker uyu amakhala kumadera akutali kwambiri a taiga a Tatarstan. Kuphunzira ndikovuta.
Peregrine Falcon
Imakhalanso ndi dzina loti "kwambiri-kwambiri" pakati pa mbalame potengera kuthamanga. Zochepa, zokhala ndi thupi loyera komanso loyera. Chifuwa chachikulu chokhala ndi keel wamkulu, mapiko akuthwa, lalifupi. Peregrine Falcon pa nthawi yakudumphira imayamba kuthamanga mofananitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa ndege ya ndege.
Mwa zina zabodza, zimawonekera poti chida chake chachikulu si mlomo, koma matako okhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa mwapadera. Ndi iwo, ngati mipeni yaying'ono, wozunzidwayo nthawi yomweyo amawuluka natsegula ndikupha.
Wankhondo wankhanza wazinthu zonse, moyo wamtchire wamtunduwu ndiwosowa. Ma pecons awiri a pegrine amapangidwa pokhapokha pomanga zisa. Otsala ena amakhala ndi nthawi imodzi. Amagawa gawo pakati pawo, amathanso kuthamangitsa achibale ndi mbalame zina kuchokera kumayiko awo.
Chotchinga
Zofanana kwambiri kuchokera kutali ndi nkhumba, koma zazing'ono komanso zowoneka bwino. Swamp moon ku Tatarstan amakhala m'matanthwe okhala m'mphepete m'mphepete mwa mapiri, pafupi ndi mitsinje. Popeza malo otsetsereka a kumapiri ku Tatarstan akhala akuthiridwa mwadongosolo kwa nthawi yayitali, mbalameyi imakhalanso pachiwopsezo chowonongeka.
Mtundu woyimira mbalame zomwe zimadya kwambiri, mbalamezi imakhala yozizira kwambiri pankhani ya chakudya. Imasaka thukuta ndi mbewa, kuukira mafoni am'madzi, sichimanyoza nsomba. Mlomo wake ndiye chida chachikulu komanso chowopsa pakuwukira. Thupi la nyama yatsoka limang'ambika pomwepo, ndipo mwezi umameza mwachangu zonse popanda kutsatira.
Makutu osamva
Kukhala kumadera akutali a taiga m'chigawochi, nkhosoyi samamva satchulidwa chifukwa chosamva. Liwu lake likufanana kwambiri ndi mawu wamba wamba, koma limasokonekera ndipo limafanana ndi "cuckoo", koma "do-doo", mopitilira muyeso wotsika.
Imasungiranso mazira mbalame zina, koma ndizosangalatsa chifukwa zimaponyera mtundu umodzi wokha wa mbalame - anapiye.
Order: Passeriformes (lat. Passeriformes)
White Blue Tit, kapena Dukes (g, k) White Wagtail (g, p) White-brows (p, gp) White-mapiko Lark (gp) White-mapiko a Crossbill (s) White-cached Bunting (g, p) M'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena gombe la g (g, p) Sitini yayikulu, kapena yayikulu (g, o) Chikumbutso chachikulu (p) Chatter (g, p) Burogolovaya gaitka, kapena puffer (g, k) Bluethroat (g, p) Raven (g, gp) Reel, kapena yurok (p) Jackdaw (g, k) Redstart (c, n) Redstart (c, n) Redstart (c) pt. Wagaleti wamapiri (g, n) Wameza wamzinda, kapena maliro wakala wopha (g, p) Deryaba (p) mpheta ya panyumba (g, o, k) Blackbird warbler (g, n) Dubonos (g, n) Dubrovnik (g, n) Ngongole yodera (g, n) Ngongole yokhala ndi mutu wamtali (g, n) Kinglet-mutu wamtundu wamtundu (k) Zaryanka (g, n) Green wand (g, n) ) Greenfinch (n) Finch (g, n) Oriole (g, n) Indian warbler (g, n) Kamenka-pleshanka (h) Warbled oatmeal (g, n) Warbler-badger (g, n) Kedari (h) Klest -loovik (zm, k) Klest-pine-mtengo (h) Linnet (g, n) Masiketi ofiira ofiira (n) Kuksha (s) Lapland plantain (zm) Forest curler (h) Kukwera kwa nkhalango (g, n) Meadow akavalo (n) Meadow mint (g, n) Lark laching'ono (h) Muscovite, kapena wakuda tit (g, k) Ntchentche pestle (g, p) Common Kamenka (g, p) Common oatmeal (g, p) Common pika (zm, k) lentil wamba (g, p) Common nuthatch (g, k) Common remez (g, p) Cricket wamba (g, p) Oatmeal-crumb (p) Oatmeal-remez (p) Olyapka (h) Mothball (g, k) Songbird (p, gp) Cricket (p) Chum-weed (g, p) Chum Zarnichka (p) Chiffin (tenor), khwekhwe (c) Kubowola (g, p) Variegated thrush (p) Sparrow (g, o, k) Kumunda lark (g, p) Mzere m'munda (g , p) Husk (c) Bunochka (zm) Wodziwika bwino wa cricket (p) Woyimba m'mitsinje (g) , p) Wokhala ndi nyanga lark (p) Wopyola nyenyezi (h) M'munda (g, p) Wotulutsa maluwa (g, p) Garden oatmeal (g, p). Garden Warbler (g, n) Waxwing (g) Crow (g, g) Grey flycatcher (g, g) Grey grouse (g, g) Grey bullfinch (h) mphodza za Siberian (g) Siberian thrush (g) Siberian julane (g) h) Sinehvostka (p) Nyenyezi (g, n) Cowl (g, n) Bullfinch (gp) Jay (h) Nightingale (g, n) Nightingale wofiyira (g, n) Magpie (g, o) Shrike Julan ( g, p) Steppe akavalo (p) Tundra kuvina kwa tundra (gp) Uragus (gp) Mustachioed tit (g, k) Khwangwala wakuda (g, g) Wotulutsa mutu wankhondowo (g, g) Mutu wamutu wakuda (g, g) Ment-wakuda wamutu (g, g) Mawu amisala akuda (g ) Thonje lakuda-lakumaso (p) Lokhala ngati khosi lakuda (g, p) Blackbird (h) Nsagwada wakuda Onokov (gp) Chechetko (gp) Ciz (r, n) Goldfinch (r, n) Schoor (gp) Hawk warbler (r, n)
Nthawi yakufika
Mbalame yokongola ndi mbalame zamadzi, ndipo imawulukira ku Tatarstan kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi.Mbalameyi imakonda kukhala nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha, ndipo imayenda mtunda wautali kuchokera ku Africa, kotentha ku Asia, Japan, Southern kapena Western Europe kupita ku Tatarstan kuti ipange chisa ndi kulera ana atsopano. Zisa zokhala ndi mitsinje yofiyira yofiyira pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, ndi chinthu chosaka ndi osaka masewera osaka nyama.
Bore Buzzard
Ofanana kwambiri ndi akambuku, koma okhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso nthenga zazitali zazitali pamiyendo yawo, pomwe adayipatsa dzina. Chosangalatsa cha nkhandwe imatha kutchedwa kuti yopatsa chidwi. Zimagwira mbewa, anyani komanso makoswe ena, zimatha kuwukira mbalame zazing'ono. Koma nthawi yachisanu chisanu sichitha kunyansidwa.
Pankhani yokhala malo onyenga. Amakhala m'nkhalango kugwa. Amakonda malo osalala. Itha kupezeka m'mbali mwa nkhalango. Buzzard ndi buzzard. Ngati chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa ku Tatarstan ndi chambiri mu dzinja, ndiye kuti ambiri mwa mbalamezi amawuluka ku Turkmenistan. Ngati kuli matalala pang'ono, ndipo makoswe osaka siovuta kwambiri, amakhalabe nthawi yozizira.
Onani vidiyo yokhudza lapwing - mbalame yaku Tatarstan.
Mawonekedwe
Mtsuko wachikulire uli ndi kukula kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 58. Kulemera, imatha kufalikira kuchokera pa 0,7 mpaka 1.1 kilogalamu. Ili ndi mchira wamfupi bwino, chosiyanitsa ndi msana wokulungika ndikusambira. Khosi lakugwedera ndi lalifupi, thupi limakhala lakuthwa. Matako a mbalameyo amakhala kumbuyo kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pomwe imayima, imatsamira champhamvu.
Mlomo wa bakha uyu ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa mutu, umakulitsidwa pang'ono m'munsi. Makulidwe a mapiko ndi thupi ali ndi mtundu, mawonekedwe oyera ndi oyera.
Mkazi wachikulire ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi wamwamuna. Ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya mutu. Kwaimuna, imakhala ya utoto wofiirira, komanso yaikazi ndi yofiirira.
Habitat
Mbalame zosamukira kuno za ku Tatarstan zimasankha madera abwino kwambiri okhala ndi nyanja, malo osungira nyama. Malo ovomerezeka kwambiri kwa iwo ndi dziwe lakuya lokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Makoma a bango lokwera ndi malo osanja okondedwa. Mtsinje wokhala ndi mutu wofiyira sungakhale komwe kulibe chakudya chochuluka, madzi akuya ovomerezeka.
Madziwe osafunikira amapewa kupewa kulowa m'madzi. Amatha kupezeka m'madambo, zigawo za mitsinje yokhala ndi bata, malo osungirako opangidwa modabwitsa.
Kuyendetsa pakati
Mbalame za ku Tatarstan izi zimakhala m'masukulu, zimatha kukhazikika ndi oyimira ena a banja la bakha. Ndiwosakhazikika poyenda pamtunda, kotero amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi. Kubwera ndi kusambira kumayenda bwino kwambiri. Pakachitika ngozi, iwo, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, samanyamuka, koma amayenda pansi pamadzi, ndipo amayembekeza nthawi yabwino.
Pakasungunuka, mitsitsi yokhala ndi mutu wofiira siziuluka, chifukwa chake imakonda kukhala nthawi yocheza ndi abale pamtunda kuchokera komwe iwo amatha kugwirako nyama zamphongo mosavuta kapena anthu.
Mawu a mbalamezi ndi amkhwangwala kwambiri, ngati kakhwangwala. Ng'ayo imawulukira mwachangu, m'njira yowongoka.
Peregrine falcon
Zonama - Zofala mbalame zodyedwa ku Tatarstan. Peregrine Falcon ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya falcon. Unyinji wa mkazi wamkulu umachokera ku 1 mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Wingspan amafikira 1.2 m Amuna ndi ocheperako, kulemera kwake komanso kukula kwake ndiotsika kawiri kuposa zazikazi.
Chovala cha mbalameyo ndi imvi yakuda, pafupi kumtunda wakuda, mbali yakumaso ndi imvi yopepuka yokhala ndi gawo laling'ono lam'munsi. Kukula kwake kumafanana ndi lingaliro la mdani wabwino wokhala ndi mbewa. Aerodynamics yangwiro imakupatsani mwayi woti mugwire anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi liwiro lawo pafupifupi 320 km / h.
Chapakatikati, mu Epulo, mu chisa chokonzedwa pamalo okwezeka, chachikazi chimayikira mazira atatu. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake, anapiye opaka tsitsi loyera. Patatha mwezi umodzi akuyesera kuti anyamuke, pakati pa chilimwe kenako amasiyana ndi makolo awo.
A Peregrine Falcons amatha kutengera ukapolo. Chifukwa cha izi komanso zikhalidwe zosawerengeka zambiri, ma liquine wa peregrine amatenga nawo mbali nthawi zonse m'magulu onenepa. A mandala a Peregrine sakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri: zaka 15-17.
Kobchik
Wodya nyama zazing'ono zamphongo. Kukula kwake sikuposa njiwa. Zimalemera kuchokera pa 130 mpaka 200 g.Mapiko samatalikirana masentimita 75-78. Zilonda zam'mimba izi sizili ndi mulomo wolusa kwambiri, wopanda mphamvu. Amuna ndi akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu. Amuna ali ndi kutsogolera chakuda thupi, wokhala ndi njerwa. Yaikazi imachita imvi kumbuyo kwake, pamwamba pamutu pali ofiira.
Imakhala chisa m'nkhalango ndipo imapezeka m'mapaki amumizinda, pomwe imapeza chakudya chachikulu - tizilombo. Tambala tating'onoting'ono timawagwira ndi thukuta pa ntchentche kapena kuwasonkhanitsa kuchokera pansi. Kuphatikiza pa chinjoka, kafadala, ziwala, imakhudzanso mpheta ndi nkhunda.
Zovala zazing'ono sizimangodzipanga zisa zake; zimakhala ndi nyumba zopanga miyala, agalu, akhwangwala. Monga momwe amakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Chapakatikati, pakatha mwezi umodzi kuwaswa, ana amabadwa, nthawi zambiri anapiye awiri mwa awiri ndi atatu. Kuswana anapiye nthawi ikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo. Amuna, monga abodza onse, sakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 17.
Kuswana
Magulu awiriawiri amapangika kale nthawi yakuuluka. Nthawi yobala imatha kuyambira mwezi wa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Wamphongo umakhala pafupi ndi chisa, koma satenga nawo mbali pa chisamaliro ndi maphunziro a ana.
Chisa cha abakha ofotokozedwawo sichinali choyambirira, ndi dzenje wamba pansi, yokutidwa ndi udzu. Wamkazi mmodzi amatha kuyikira mazira asanu mpaka thwelofu. Kumenyera mbendera kwa ana ake pafupifupi masiku 26. Ana oyamwa atabadwa kwa miyezi iwiri ali m'manja mwa mayi, pambuyo pake amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Mahatchi ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri ku Tatarstan. Ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana mukadyetsa. Abakha kulowa pansi pamadzi, ndipo amatha kumakhalako kwa masekondi 16, ndikupezeka kwina. Amatangwanika kwambiri m'madzi osaya, kumene amakonda kupindika ndi kuzungulira.
Chiuno chakumaso
Kunja, ili ndi khosi lokwera, m'lifupi mwake. Mbalameyi ilinso ndi mlomo wowongoka, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Zokhala ndi kukula kuchokera pafupi tsekwe, kutalika kumafika 73 sentimita. Amuna ena amalemera makilogalamu 3,4.
Pali mawonedwe osungira Nizhnekamsk. Monga ma loons onse, mbalameyo "imamangidwa" ndi madzi, imasankhidwa pamtunda wongodzipangira ubweya wokha. Miyendo inasunthidwa kuchira kuti isayende pansi. Ndi awa okha penguin pose.
Ma Loonies amasankha madamu abwino ozizira
Black Brant: kufotokozera
Ndizosowa ku Tatarstan, komabe mutha kupeza mbalame yokongola iyi. Ndi wa abakha, akuwoneka ngati tsekwe. Mtunduwu ndiwocheperako kwambiri kuposa atsekwe onse. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi ma kilogalamu awiri, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mbalame zatsala pang'ono kutha, zolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira komanso zotetezedwa ndi malamulo, ndiye kuti simungathe kuzisaka. Zomwe zimatha ndikutha ndizo mataya akuda.
Mbalamezi ku Tatarstan zimasamukira kumayiko ena, chifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimasankha tundra, mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mtundu wa tsekwe umakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri. Ambiri a thupi lake amakhala ndi nthenga za imvi, zofiirira. M'mimba ndi m'mbali mwake ndi zopepuka ndipo kumbuyo kuli kuda. Nthenga ndi mchira wake kumapiko ndizoyera, khosi, mulomo, mutu ndi miyendo zakuda. Pakhosi pali chingwe choyera chosafanana ndi kolala.
Black Goose amakonda nyengo yozizira ku East Asia, Kumpoto-Kumadzulo kwa Europe ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Atlantic ndi Pacific. Mbalamezi zimafika kumadera achisanu nthawi yachisanu yokha m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Great Grebe
Dzina lachiwiri la mbalame ndi chomga. Kutalika kwake, kumafika theka la mita. Zoyipa zina ndizocheperako. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso loonda, mlomo wowongoka komanso wowongoka, mutu wokulira. Otsiriza mu diresi laukwati amakongoletsedwa ndi ndevu zofiirira komanso oyera pa korona. Amapatsa mutu wawukulu wapamwamba kwambiri.
Ku republic, ndi ochepa mu chiwerengero, koma anthu amagawidwa m'chigawo chonse. Zambiri zazikulu zimawonedwa ndikusungidwa kwa malo osungira a Nizhnekamsk ndi Kuibyshev.
Kuphatikiza pa chomga, ku Tatarstan kumakhala anthu akuda ometa, ofiira, otuwa komanso amtundu tating'ono.
Chomga amatchedwa grebe chifukwa cha fungo losasangalatsa la nyama
Cormorant
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumafika masentimita 95. Kulemera kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu atatu.Kunja, ma cormorant amadziwika ndi mapangidwe akuda. Pali chigamba cha lalanje pakhosi lalitali.
Mpaka zaka za zana la 19, kunali kofala ku Tatarstan, kumakhala pa Volga ndi Kama. Komabe, m'zaka za zana la 21, mitunduyi ndiyosowa kwambiri, yalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic ndi Russia. Amodzi okha omwe amapezeka pamtsinje wa Ushnya komanso kumunsi kwa Kama.
Pinki zapinki
Uyu ndi woimira kale wa banja la a Pelican, wopezeka ku republic pamsewu wowoneka mozungulira. Pinki amatchedwa chifukwa cha utoto wa nthenga. Ndiwo ofatsa. Mbalameyo imakhala ngati khungwa.
Kusiyanitsa kochuluka ndikungokhala mulomo wokhala ndi chikwama cha khungu pansi. Pambuyo pake, mbambo imasunga nsomba. Kutalika kwa mulomo kumafika masentimita 47. Umu ndi mtundu wa ma tweezers posodza.
Ku Tatarstan, khungu limodzi lokhalo la pinki limawonedwa. Mbalameyi inali kudya kumtsinje wa Belaya, pafupi ndi kamwa.
Grey heron
Zokhudza banja la heron. Mtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwewa ndi kuphatikiza kosiyana pamapiko a phulusa ndi wakuda, tambo lakuda lomwelo pamutu. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi zofiira.
Heron imvi imapezeka ku Tatarstan limodzi ndi heron yoyera yayikulu, komanso yaying'ono ndi yayikulu. Kwa pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri, mitunduyi imakhala yodziwika komanso wamba kwa republic.
Mkate
Pakati pa ciconiiformes, ndi ya banja la ibis. Mmenemo mumakhala mahatchi apakati, mkati mwake. Mkate ndionso. Mutu, khosi komanso thupi lapamwamba la mbalame yamatama. Kupitilira apo, kuchuluka kwake ndi kofiirira. Pa mapiko imakhala yobiriwira komanso yamkuwa. Kuwala kwazitsulo kumawonekera.
Mbalame za ku Tatarstan pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri "zobwereka" kuchokera kwa ojambula ochokera kumadera ena. Mkate unawulukira mu republic yekha. Mlandu womaliza udalemba mu 1981. Mtundu wachiwiri wa ibis ku Tatarstan, ndipo unatero, kamodzi, mu 1989. Ndi za supuni.
Karavayka amatchedwanso ibis wopatulika.
Chikopa choyera
Mbalame zosamukira ku Tatarstan Mabanja a Stork ndi okulirapo kuposa ma Republic ambiri. Kutalika kwa mbalame ndi kupitirira mita. Mapiko a dokowe ndi oposa 2 mita. Wokhala ndi kulemera kwa 4 kilos. Khosi la dokowe limakhala lonenepa kuyerekeza ndi ibis kapena heron. Mlomo wowongoka komanso wautali wa mbalameyo, monga miyendo yake, ndi wofiirira. Thupi la dokowe limayera kupatula nthenga.
Ku Tatarstan, abulu adakumana m'magawo a Buinsky ndi Chistopolsky. Palinso zisa pamalire ndi republic, makamaka, zigawo za Ulyanovsk ndi Nizhny Novgorod. Pali dokowe wina wa ku Tatarstan - wakuda.
Mbalame za Flamingo zaku Tatarstan
Mu republic, kufalikira kumayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi - wamba flamingo. Ndi banja lamalangawi. Maonekedwe a mbalameyi amadziwika ndi onse. Ku republic, Flamesos zimakhala ngati ma spans. Mbalame zimawonedwa payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ku Tatarstan, mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo, yalembedwa mu Red Book.
Ngwazi wamba
Chopambana kwambiri pakati pa abakha, kutalika kumafika masentimita 58. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi ndikofanana 1.5 kilogalamu. Akazi amtunduwu ndi a bulauni, ndipo amuna ndi akuda ndi nthenga zoyera ntchentche ndi zigamba pansi pa maso. Turpan imasiyanitsidwanso ndi mulomo wokhala ndi hump.
Turpan imadziwika mosavuta ndi chamkaka pamphuno
Kuphatikiza pa bakha turpan mbalame za republic of Tatarstan Amayimiridwa ndi tsekwe wakuda, loyera komanso lofiirira, tsitsi loyera komanso loyera, goosebird, piscule, swans ndi mahule osalankhula, agalu amoto, grebe ndi mallard.
Tsekwe loyera-loyera
Mndandandawu umaphatikizaponso whalle ndi gaiter, imvi yaimvi, nkhandwe, pintail, matako otambalala, zam'madzi, zokhala ndimutu wakuda, wopusa komanso wakuda.
Bakha pintail
Zimatchulidwabe pamayendedwe oyenda panyanja, gogol wamba, bakha wokhala ndi mutu, buluzi, chipeso, zakuba, wobiriwira wamtali komanso wamtali.
Merganser
Osprey
Msana wake ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, ndipo zina zotsalazo ndizoyera pokhapokha ngati zingwe zofiirira zomwe zimachokera ku maso kupita m'mbali mwa khosi. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, ndipo imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60.
Ku Tatarstan ndi dziko lonse lapansi, osprey ndi osowa kwambiri. Mbalameyi yalembedwa m'Buku Lamagetsi Lapadziko Lonse. Pafupifupi magawo 10 a ospreys amawerengedwa ku Tatarstan konse.
Kite wakuda
Zokhudza banja la hawk. Mbalameyo ndi ya bulauni kwathunthu.Zamoyo zimatsikira kumapazi. Sali motalika. Thupi lokhala ndi mbewa ndilonso laling'ono. Mchira wake ndi mapiko ake kumbuyo kwake ukuwoneka kuti ndi wautali.
Kite yakuda imakhala ngati ku Tatarstan ndipo imakonda kufalikira. Makamaka mbalame zambiri m'mipata ya mitsinje, mwachitsanzo, madera a Zakamsky.
Dongosolo la hawjan la Falconiformes ku Tatarstan limaphatikizapo kachilomboka wamba, dambo, nsanja, dambo ndi mwezi, zinziri ndi goshawk, buzzard yozizira, Buzzard ndi European turk, vict wakuda. Zimangowonjezerapo-kudya-njoka, mbalame wamba, chiwombankhanga chowuluka, choyera-chokhala ndi mbewa, mphungu zazing'ono zazikulu zazikulu, malo oikidwa, chiwombankhanga chagolide.
Mu chithunzi, chiwombankhanga cha chiwombankhanga cha chisanu
Zomera za Griffon
Amatembenukira ku banja lachitatu la chinsalu - falcon. Mbalameyi imawoneka ngati khosi lakuda. Kusiyanako ndi mtundu wowala, momwe thupi la bulauni ndi mutu woyera umalumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, chokhala ndi ulusi wopindika komanso yaying'ono yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama yokhala ndi mutu woyela sikupitirira masentimita 115. Kulemera kwa mbalame pamenepa kumafika mapaundi 12.
Vutoli la Griffon - mbalame zodyedwa ku Tatarstanwopezeka posamukira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chigawochi. Komabe, kuima kwa mbalame mu republic ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Milandu imakhala yofiyira ndipo imawuluka zaka za ng'ombe ndi miliri.
Partridge
Mbalame ya banja la grouse ndi yokulunga, yopanda miyendo komanso yochepa. Mlomo wawerama pang'ono. Mapazi ali ndi nsapato, kupulumutsa ku chisanu. Ptarmigan amakhala m'malo ovuta. Mitundu yowala yamtundu imathandizira kuti isasokonezeke ndi chipale chofewa.
Pokhala nzika yakumpoto, partridge ifika ku Tatarstan paulendo wosamukira, sichachilendo ku republic. Kumanani ndi mbalamezi zidachitika mdera la Pre-Volga ndi Pre-Kama. Grouse, capercaillie ndi hazel grouse ku Tatarstan ndizofala.
Partridge paws yokutidwa ndi nthenga, zomwe zimathandiza mbalame kupulumuka chisanu
Quail
Pamodzi ndi phala limvi, imayimira mbalame za m'mphepete mwa republic. Quail pakati pa nkhuku ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 130, ndipo sikupita masentimita 20 kutalika.
Quail - mbalame yodziwika bwino m'minda komanso masamba a republic. Oimira ambiri amtunduwu kum'mawa chakumadzulo kwa dera lino.
Dodger yaying'ono
Pakati pa akhwangwala, ndi a banja la mbusayo. Mbalame yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 20. Komabe, sikeloyo imawonjezera miyendo yayitali ndi zala zotambasuka. Yemwe anali ndi mapiko ndi mchira walolo. Mlomo wa kachidole kakang'ono ndi lakuthwa.
Zing'onozing'ono zimasiyana ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwina mogwirizana. Banjali limaphatikizanso m'busa, coronella, moorhen, coot ndi zitosi za ana.
Krechetka
Kukula kwake ndikofanana ndi malamba, koma kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe, komanso mutu wa kakang'ono kakang'ono. Mu ratchet, ndi yayikulu komanso yopanda chikhulupiriro. Pamakutu amtundu wa mbalameyo pamakhala utoto.
Krechetka amakhala kumapiri kumwera kwa Tatarstan. Mbalame zimawulukira kumeneko. Repubus si malo okhazikika osungira nyama.
Krechetka ndi wa charadriiformes. Mwa mabanja ku Tatarstan, mulinso: maula, zuyek zazing'ono, tayi, kutumphuka, malamba, golide wagolide ndi khosi.
Wotsutsa
Motsatira Charadriiformes ophatikizidwa mu banja la zovala. Palibenso oimira ena ku republic. Mayina a mbalame za ku Tatarstan chifukwa cha mdomo. Mulitali pafupifupi masentimita 7, woonda komanso woongoka kumapeto.
Mlomo, monga kumtunda kwa mutu, khosi komanso dera lomwe lili pansi pa mapiko a mbalame, ndi lakuda. Zokhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi buluu, lalitali, ngati khosi. Mchira wa Shiloklyuv ndiufupi.
Kutalika kwa thupi la Shilokluv ndiotalika masentimita 45. Kulemera kwa thupi la mbalameyo ndi 450 magalamu.
Magpie
Mitundu yokhayo ya banja la mbalame zam'madzi makumi anayi mdziko la republic. Mbalame yokhala ndi khwangwala, ili ndi mlomo wautali, wolimba. Ndizowongoka, zofiira. Sangwejiyo imakhala yakuda komanso yoyera. Wokhala ndi miyendo yokhala ngati mbewa, koma yayifupi.
Pakati pa mayiko a Tatarstan, kulik-magpie adasankha dera la Kama. M'zaka za zana la 20, mbalameyo inali yofananira ndi republic, yogawidwa. Tsopano kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kukuchepa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchedwa sandpiper mu Red Book la m'derali.
Woodcock
Pakati pa Charadriiformes imadziwika kuti ndi membala wa banja la snipe. Woodcock ndi wamkulu, wopindika, ali ndi mulomo wowongoka, wautali komanso wolimba. Utoto wa mbalameyi ndi motley wamtundu wofiirira. Pa mapiko aliwonse a nyamayo pali nthenga imodzi yokongola. Opaka utoto amakhala ndi mizere yabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pazizindikiro, milandu ya ndudu, mabisiketi.
Nthenga za mitengo yam'madzi zimatha kupirira. Kutalika kwake sikapitilira masentimita awiri. Tsamba ili ndi lakuthwa. Ndi omwe amakoka.
Woodcock ndi munthu wokhala m'madambo a ku Tatarstan
Kuphatikiza pa mitengo yamatabwa yodziwika bwino komanso yofala ku Tatarstan, palinso ena mwa njoka. Pali 27. Zitsanzo ndi izi: Amulungu akulu akulu ndi ang'ono, ma curlows akulu ndi apakati, dzenje, njenjete, ma Icelandic ndi ma sandboxes am'madzi, dunlin. Ambiri aiwo ali munthawi yopumira.
Steppe Tirushka
Woimira yekha wa banja la Tirkushev ku republic. Mbalameyi ndi yofanana ndi dambo la tirushka, koma m'malo mwa zodzitchinjiriza zokhala ndi mimbulu imakhala ndi yakuda komanso yayikulu. Kuchuluka kwa amuna kumafika magalamu 105. Palibe mzere woyera pamphepete mwa mapiko a steppe.
Ku Tatarstan, steppe tirkushka imawoneka kuti ndi yosasangalatsa, yosowa. Nthawi yotsiriza yomwe inali ndi ulusi idawoneka chakumapeto kwa zaka zana m'boma la Upper Uslon.
Skuas
Mu dongosolo Charadriiformes, imaphatikizidwa mu banja la skuas. Wokhala ndi yocheperako m'mimba ndiwofala kwambiri. Kukula kwa mbalame yokhala ndi imvi yotuwa. M'mawonekedwe, nthenga zoloza mchira wake zimatuluka kuposa m'mphepete mwake. Pulogalamuyi imafika masentimita 14.
Kuphatikiza pa tatifupi tating'onoting'ono, skuas zimapezeka ku Tatarstan. Ili ndi mlomo wopindika komanso mutu waukulu. Malingaliro a Repubululi ndi osowa, osasangalatsa.
Eastern Klusha
Banja lokhala ndi mbewa. Mbalameyo yapakidwa imvi. Poyerekeza ndi siliva wonyezimira, mtundu wake umakhala wakuda, ndipo ngati ndi whale wamba - wopepuka. Kutalika kwa nyamayi kulinso pakati, mpaka 48 masentimita. Kulemera kwa buckwheat yakum'mawa kumasiyanasiyana magalamu 750 mpaka 1350.
Eastern klush ndiwodziwika ponsepo m'madziwe, m'malo osungira, mitsinje ndi nyanja za Tatarstan, zomwe sizinganenedwe zokhudzana ndi zovuta zina zambiri m'derali: kuseka kwamutu wakuda, nkhwangwa zazing'ono ndi zasiliva, nkhunda yamadzi, burgomaster. M'derali muli anthu 16.
Saja
Otembenukira kubanja la agogo akumapiri. Palibe mbalame zinanso zomwe zapatsidwa m'chigawochi. Saji watukula nthenga za pakati. Amapindika pang'ono, amapanikizika ngati ulusi. Pa miyendo ya nyama palibe chala chakum'maso, ndipo mbali yakumasoyo inangogwera.
Zovala zazikulu ndi zowoneka bwino zili ngati ziboda. Kuphatikiza apo, miyendo ya saji ili ndi utoto wathunthu. Zikuwoneka kuti mukuyang'ana pawindo la kalulu, osati mbalame.
Saju ku Tatarstan sanaoneke kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka zana zapitazi.
Gray njiwa
Amatembenukira banja la nkhunda. Pakati pawo, mitundu ndiyomwe imakhala yambiri. M'mayiko a republic pali mitundu ya nkhunda zakuthengo komanso zopanda nyama.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, dziko la Republic limakhala ndi nkhunda monga: nkhunda zazikulu, zofala komanso zokhala ndi mavenda, vajir, clintukh.
Cackoo wamba
Zokhudza banja la cuckoo. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira waufupi komanso mapiko ake. Thupi lakumwera la cuckoo nthawi zambiri limakhala utoto. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala mbalame zofiila.
Kuphatikiza pa wamba, nkhaka yogontha imapezeka kumayiko a Tatarstan. Imatchedwa mayamiko chifukwa cha mawu osokonekera. Mbalame ina ndiyocheperako kuposa masiku onse.
Kadzidzi owil
Uku ndi kadzidzi wa miyeso ya nkhuku. Pamutu waukulu komanso wozungulira, khungu limawonekera. Imakhala ndi mbalame komanso mchira wautali. Kupanda kutero, nyamayo imawoneka ngati kadzidzi kakang'ono ka imvi. Kutulutsa kwamtundu wanthabwala kwamtunduwu kumamveka bwino kuposa mawu omwe anali atali thunzi tambiri.
Banja la kadzidzi m'derali limayimilidwa ndi kadzidzi wokhala ndi ndevu komanso imvi, kadzidzi wamkulu, wopanda matalala, choyera, kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi, kambodi, kadzidzi, furaya, nyumba ndi kadzidzi. Zonsezi - mbalame zamatchire za ku Tatarstan.
Mbuzi wamba
Ali ndi mapiko autali ndi mchira. Koma miyendo ndi mulomo wokhala ndi mbewa ndi zazifupi. Mutu wa mbuziwo wakhazikika, ngati chitchu.Tsono la mulomo wa mbalameyo limawerama, ndipo gawo la pakamwa limakhala lotalikirapo ndikuveka korona pamphepete ndi nthenga-antennae. Ngakhale a Kozodoy ali ndi maso akulu akulu, otuwa.
Zaka mazana awiri a kafukufuku wamatenda, mbuzi wamba inali yodziwika ku Tatarstan. Podzafika zaka za zana la 21, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kwatsika kwambiri. Mbalameyi yalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic.
Wofulumira
Woimira yekhayo wa banja lothamanga mu republic. Mbalameyo, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, ndi lakuda. Kukula kwa othamanga ndikokulirapo kuposa kumeza ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito, ngati iye, pakuwombera lakuthwa, akumanganso.
Ku Tatarstan, kuthamanga kwamdima kumakhala ambiri. Mkhalidwewo ndiwofunikira pakuwonekera kwazaka zamtundu wa 2 zamitundu mitundu.
Roller
Uli ngati nthabwala komanso kukula kwake. Mbalameyi ndi ya banja la buluu. Oimira ake ku Tatarstan salinso. Mafuta a chunky. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso mulomo wawukulu komanso wolimba. Mchirawo ndi wafupikirapo kuposa wa jay, ndipo mapikowo ndiotalikirapo. Mu mtundu wa synovolum, mgoza, wakuda, wabuluu, ndi mtundu wamtambo waphatikizidwa.
Tatarstan ndiye malire akumpoto kwa chisa cha ng'ombe chopindika. Amakhala kudera lomwe lili kum'mwera kwa boma.
Wamba King
Chuma chake. Mbalameyi ili ndi thupi lolumikizana, mutu waukulu, mulomo wakuthwa komanso wautali. Chithunzichi chimakwaniritsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa matani a lalanje-turquoise.
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timapezeka ku Tatarstan, koma mitunduyi ndiyochepa.
Wokonda nsomba ya Kingfisher
Wodya njuchi wagolide
M'magulu othamanga, akuimira banja la odya njuchi. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi thupi lokwera komanso utawaleza. Zotsalazo zimaphatikiza mitundu yachikasu, yobiriwira, lalanje, yabuluu, yakuda, yakuda.
Wodya njuchi wagolide wolemera 50 g. Ku Tatarstan, mbalame imatha kuuluka, nthawi zina imasowa.
Woodpecker
Chaching'ono kwambiri pakati pa nkhuni ku Europe. Mbalame imalemera kuposa magalamu 25. Zambiri mwa nkhuni zazing'onozi ndi zakuda ndi zoyera zokhala ndi mizere yopingasa kumbuyo kwa mbalame.
Woodpeckers ang'onoang'ono amayendayenda m'gawo la Tatarstan, nthawi zambiri amachigawochi. Mitundu yokhala ndi utoto nthawi zambiri imawulukira mumzinda, ikusankha madera omwe ali ndi mitengo m'mitengo.
Kuphatikiza pa mbalame yaying'ono yomwe ili kubanja la Woodpecker m'chigawochi, pali: tsitsi laimvi, zobiriwira, motley, zodera zoyera komanso zokhala ndi mitengo itatu yamtambo, chikasu, vertices.
Ntchito
Amatembenuza banja lameza. Fosholoyi ndi yakuda kumbuyo ndi zofukiza zoyera kuyambira pansi pa thupi. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 20 ndikuwuluka popanda kutembenukira lakuthwa, mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, kumeza kwamudzi. Amakhalanso zisa m'deralo.
Mitundu yam'meza imakhalanso ya mitundu yam'meza ku Tatarstan. Amachulukana ku republic.
Wodula mitengo
Iyi ndi mbalame ya kubanja lark. Wokhala ndi kukula ndi mpheta komanso utoto wa utoto. Pamutu pa nyamayo, nthenga zimatuluka, ndipo zimayambira. Ichi ndi gawo la mitengo yonse. Amasiyana mumalingaliro. Kuchokera pamunda wina, mwachitsanzo, nkhalango, imakhala ndi mchira wamfupi.
Ku Tatarstan, nkhalango yamapiri imapezeka m'zigwa za Volga ndi Kama. Mitundu yachilendo, yolembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic.
Mwa mitengo yayikulu pagawo, palinso: miyala yoyera, yakuda, yoyera-yokhala ndi mapiko.
Ngolo zamtondo
Amatembenukira banja la ngolo. Mbalameyo imafanana ndi ngolo yoyera, koma ndi mchira wofupikitsa. Mitundu yoyera sikhala ku Tatarstan. Katundu wachikaso m'derali ndiofala, zisa chaka chilichonse.
Mwa mbalame zamatchire zaku Tatarstan mulinso: nkhalango, mawanga, dambo, masiketi ofiira komanso olima m'minda, akuda mutu, amaso akaso, mapiri, oyera ndi achikuda amiyala.
Ngolo yoyera
Wophwanya wamba
Zimatengera kufota. Wokhala ndi tsitsi, titero kunena kwake, ali ndi mutu wopindika, mchira wautali, wopangidwa ndi mitundu yoyera, yofiyira, yakuda, yofiirira komanso imvi.
Mwa mitundu, yomwe mwa mitundu itatu mwa republic, wamba ndiofala kwambiri komanso yambiri.
M'busa
Pamodzi ndi nyenyezi wamba, imayimira banja la nyenyezi ku Tatarstan. Maonekedwe a pinki amasiyana ndi muyezo ndi mulomo wamfupi komanso yaying'ono.Thupi la mbalameyo ndi pinki, mutu, chifuwa ndi mapiko ndi zakuda komanso zofiirira. Mtundu womwewo wa tuft pamutu pa nyenyezi.
Ku Tatarstan, nyenyezi ya pinki ndi yocheperako kwambiri. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimawulukira ku dzombe kukapeza phindu kuchokera pazaka zake zazikulu zakulowerera.
Jackdaw
Jackdaw imakhala yakuda ndi mutu wa imvi, wokumbiratu, imafikira masentimita 34. Mbalameyi salemera kuposa 20 magalamu ndipo imayimira banja la ma corvids.
Ku Tatarstan, jackdaw ndiofala. Mbalame zina zimakhalabe m'derali nthawi yozizira. Ma jackdaw ena amawulukira kuzizira m'malo otentha.
Pali mitundu 9 ya ma corvid m'derali. Kuphatikiza pa ma jackdaws, awa ndi: akhwangwala amtundu wakuda, thukuta, khwangwala, magpie, mkungudza, jay ndi cuckoo.
Cricket cha Nightingale
Kukula kwa nyamayi kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi kriketi, imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 11. Kutalika kwa thupi wokhala ndi - masentimita 14. Kumbuyo kwa kanyimbo kumakhala kofiyira, ndipo pansi pamimba ndi beige.
Nightingale crickets - zovala za ku Tatarstan. Kapangidwe kake kamene kali ndi mbewa koma kali ndi zofewa.
Cricket chausiku motsatira Passeriformes ndi woimira banja la Asilavo. Kuchokera mu republic mulinso: mitsinje, mawanga ndi mawonekedwe wamba, Amwenye, swivel, dimba, chithaphwi, bango, oyambitsa ma boti akuda ndi bango oyesa mabango, ozimitsa angapo ndi oyeserera.
Wouluka pang'ono
Oimira amtunduwu ndi amodzi mwa otchukitsa. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizochepera kuposa mamembala ena am'banja. Mbalame ndizabwino, zokhazikika. Mapiko ndi mchira wa khungubwi waung'ono ndiwofupikitsa. Nyamayi ili pafupifupi gawo lachitatu kuposa mpheta.
Tizilombo tating'ono touluka tomwe timapezeka m'malo a Trans-Zamye ndi Pre-Volga ku Tatarstan, timadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wamba.
Kuphatikiza pa thukuta tating'ono, imvi, motley ndi zisa zokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono m'derali.
Mutu wopanda mutu
Motsatira mbalame za passerine, zikuyimira banja la titmouse. Chida chazida zolemera 10 g. Mbalameyo imakhala yakuda kwathunthu, koma mutu uli pafupifupi wakuda, ndipo mtundu wa chifuwa ndi matoni angapo opepuka kuposa mtundu wa kumbuyo. Izi zimasiyanitsa zida zamagetsi ndi puff. Palibe malire omveka pakati pa mtundu wa pamwamba ndi pansi pa thupi.
Gadget yokhala ndi mutu wakuda - mitundu yokhazikika ya mbalame, imakhala ku Tatarstan chaka chonse. Mbalame ndizosowa kumadera akum'mawa kwa chigawochi, komanso zochulukirapo.
Ku Tatarstan, sikuti Chi Russia chokha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbalame iliyonse imakhala ndi dzina lachi Chitata. Mwachitsanzo, Goose, amatchedwa kaz. Chiwombankhanga chagolide ku Chitata - Berkert, ndi rook - Kara hag. Swans m'derali amatchedwa Akkoshes. Owl mu Chitata - yabolak.
Chithunzithunzi:
Ku Tataria, mbalame zambiri zosamuka zomwe zimakhala pano mosakhalitsa.
Monga pakati pa nyama, pakati pa mbalame pamakhalanso kulumikizana kwamtchire ndi malo otsetsereka. Mbawala yamutu wakuda, phalambalo, imvi ndi yoyera, chimbudzi ndi lark, munda ndi nkhalango, zili moyandikana ndi Woodpecker wamatumbo atatu, grouse wakuda, capercaillie, owl, owl, grouse ndi grouse.
Anthu okhala m'malo osungiramo madzi ndi ambiri: gull gull, "Volgar" kapena nyemba za steamboat, tern river, komanso swans, atsekwe, abakha, dives ndi mergansers.
Zinyama zokhala ndi zilombo zam'madzi zimawoneka ngati mafumu amlengalenga: kambuku wa peregrine, kambuku, kachizungu, kachilombo ka tyuvik, kakhalidwe koyera, nsanje yakuda, chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga chagolide, kite, marsh eel ndi ena - mitundu 28 yokha.
Woodpecker-yamatumbo atatu, kapena Woodpecker wamutu wachikasu
Ochenjeza omwe amaponderezedwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi mitengo ina yam'madzi m'derali chikasu cha ndimu, m'malo mwa nthenga zofiira pamutu pake.
Zoweta awiriawiri, chaka chonse chimakhala chayekha. Kuyimba komwe kumachitika nthawi zonse pachaka - "bale" wofewa kapena "teak" - kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi kamtengo kakang'ono ka mitengo.
Amadyetsa tizilombo, makamaka mphutsi za xylophagous ndi pupae. Pakati pa kafadala, kachilomboka kakang'ono ndi barbel predom, pang'ono komwe kumakhala ndi kachilomboka masamba, birdfish, weevils, kachilomboka pansi, maanga, owonda komanso ochepa. Nthawi zina imadyanso nyerere, akangaude, mbozi zamiyala, ziwala, ntchentche, njuchi, ngakhale mabulangete.
Imadyapo pang'onopang'ono pamitengo yazakudya ndipo nthawi zina imadya zipatso za phulusa. Mulibe ma conte mu clutch. Mu clutch 3-6 (kawirikawiri 7) mazira oyera oyera okhala ndi zipolopolo zosalala .. Zimagwera dzira lomaliza, mbalame zonse ziwiri zimakhala, zikusinthana nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Komabe, mumdima, wamwamuna yekha ndi amene ali mchisa. Anapiwe opanda kanthu komanso opanda chithandizo amabadwa mosinthana masiku 11 mpaka 14 pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa makulidwe. Makolo onsewa amasinthana kuwadyetsa, kuyamwa chakudya chomwe chimakhala kuchokera pamlomo ndi mulomo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete komanso osamveka, mwana atabadwa, olimira atasowa chonena, abambowo amalira, atatsamira chisa. Pazaka 22-25, anapiyewo amachoka chisa ndikuyamba kutulukanso, komabe, amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo kwa mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake amabalalika ..
Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa khwangwala, ndipo misa ndi yochokera nkhunda. Mu maula akukhwima, mutu ndi woderapo, kuchokera kutali ndikuwoneka kuti ndi wakuda. Chovala ndi imvi. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi ofiira. Amasiyana ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono pazokulirapo, kuwonjezera, maula akuda pamutu sagwira kumbuyo kwa mutu,
kumtunda kwa mapiko sikuli kwakuda, malekezero a mapiko okha ndi amdima.Kuwamba kanyundo, "khutu" lokha limakhala lakuda pamutu ndipo pakhoza kukhalabe "timabuku" tating'ono. Mwaubwino, utoto weniweni wamtunduwo ndi wa bulauni komanso wowoneka bwino komanso wamisili, mchira wake ndi woderapo
gulu la apex. Kulemera 200–320 g, kutalika 38-44 cm. Tizilombo m'magulu angapo ochokera awiriawiri mpaka angapo.
Amakhala pamadzi amitundumitundu, makamaka m'malo otsetsereka. Imawoneka mchaka pafupi madzi akulu kapena pang'ono isanachitike ndipo ikulowera kwambiri m'magulu, omwe ambiri amakhala zaka zambiri, ena nyengo imodzi kapena ziwiri, kutengera malo omwe amasungidwa. Mbalame zina zimachokera kum'mwera kale m'magulu awiriawiri, mitundu inayo pamafuko ena. Mbalame zachikulire zambiri zimabwerera kumadera amenewa chaka chilichonse, koma zina zimapita kumadera ena, oyandikana nawo, kapena kutali.
Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amamanga chisa chija kuchokera pazomera zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuchokera ku udzu wonyowa komanso wofewa, pang'ono pang'ono. Pamalo otumphukira, chisa chimatha kukhala chocheperako, kokha bowo lokhala ndi chingwe chouma. Pali zisa pafupifupi 1 mita kudutsa mpaka 30-40 masentimita kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mazira atatu. Pali mazira anayi kapena kupitilira apo, koma awa ndi ang'ono amapasa. Mitundu ya mazira ndi yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku buluu wowala kapena kirimu wowoneka bwino wopanda mawonekedwe kapena bulawuni wakuda, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera, nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira kapena maolivi a maolivi kapena obiriwira obiriwira, okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana amitundu. Kukula kwa mazira ndi 41-69 x 30- 40 mm. Amuna ndi akazi okwatiwa. Pakachitika ngozi, phokoso likukwera m'zigiriki, mabingu amafuula, kuzungulira, kulowa pansi, ndikuthira wonunkhira ziwongo. Mbalame zodya nyama ndi akhwangwala zimawombera ndikuchokapo. Komabe, zisa zimasakazidwa ndi onse omwe amayendetsa ndege ndi okhala padziko lapansi. Zikatero, kumangobwerezabwereza kumakhala kofala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe ndi masiku 22-25. Zipse zimakhala mkati mwa njere kapena kuzungulira, zimayamba kuwuluka kuyambira masiku 25-30. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, mizindayo imachoka ndikuyenda uku ndi uku. Kumpoto, nthawi yayifupi kwambiri ndipo imayamba kuwuluka. Mbalame zotsiriza zimawuluka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Amasamukira m'matumba, amapanga mzere wambiri, tcheni, arc, mzere wavy kapena mzere wina wotsogola. Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana - mphutsi, tizilombo ndi ma invertebrates, omwe amatisonkhanitsa pamadzi ndi pamtunda, nthawi zambiri m'minda. Zinyalala zamitundu yonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, makamaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yophukira, mbalame zambiri zikamasonkhana pamatayala. Tonthola nsomba yodwala komanso yosokeretsa, gwira mwachangu, ndikugwira makoswe ang'ono. Idyani zipatso ndi mbewu. Zaka zodziwika kwambiri zomwe munthu amakhala nazo ndi zaka 32.
Grouse ndiye woimira ochepa kwambiri wa grouse. Kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri sikoposa 500 g.
Munkhalangomo, ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi mbalame zina za grouse, zomwe zimasiyana osati zazing'ono zokha, komanso mtundu wowoneka bwino. Ngakhale maula "okongola" "okongola" (kuchokera pomwe mbalameyo idatchulira dzina lachi Russia), kuchokera patali, galu wa hazel amawoneka kuti wachimvekere. Hazel grouse, monga grouse yonse, imakhala yowonda kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ndi yotentha, chakudya cha nyama chimakhala ndi malo ake ambiri pachakudya chake, koma anapiye amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo. M'nyengo yozizira, hazel grouse amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala wokhutira ndi chakudya chochepa mphamvu komanso chopatsa thanzi. Pamaso chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, chipinda cha hazel chimabisala m'chipale chofewa nyengo yozizira, kugona usiku ndi maola ozizira amasana. Amatitetezanso kwa zilombo, pomwe ma hazel grouse amakula bwino nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchepa kwakanthawi kachulukidwe ka anthu, chiwonetsero cha hazel chidakalipobe ndipo sichili pachiwopsezo chofuna kutha.
Mbalame yaing'ono, yayikulu-yakuwombera, yokhala ndi mutu wocheperako komanso mulomo wamfupi. Amakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi, komwe amakhala moyo wachinsinsi.
Munthu akafika, amathawa kapena kubisala. Adzidzimutsidwa modzidzimutsa, ndikuwuluka pa 40-80 mamita ndikukhala pa nthambi yanthunzi pafupi ndi thunthu pamtunda wa mamita osachepera asanu ndi asanu, kuyesera kuphatikizana nawo
Ino ndi mbalame yokhalitsa chete. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mawu ndi whistle yocheperako komanso yachilendo. Mkhalidwe wamawu amtunduwu ndi wosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi; Poimba, mwamunayo amaponya mutu wake kumbuyo kwake ndikutsegula mulomo wake. Kuyimba kwa akazi ndi kwakufupi komanso kosavuta
Mbalame yayikulu yakudya, yocheperako kuposa chiwombankhanga chagolide, koma yokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kadzidzi yoyera. Malinga ndi magwero aku Russia, kutalika kwa nyamayo ndi 60-75 masentimita, mapiko ndi 160-190 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 2.1-7 kg, ndipo unyinji wa akazi ndi makilogalamu 3,3,3.2. Nthenga zazitali zam'mutu zomwe zimatambasukira m'mbali, zomwe ambiri amalakwitsa m'makutu, zimathandizira kuti mbalame ikhale limodzi ndi chilengedwe nthawi yopuma]. Mfundo zonse za kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndizotapira, pafupifupi "mawonekedwe ngati mbiya"]. Ziwandazo ndizofewa komanso zotayirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuthawa kwakanthawi. Mu utoto wa motley, matani ofiira ndi ocher amawoneka bwino, komabe, kamvekedwe ka utoto wamba kamakhala kosinthika kwakukulu m'malo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Imayambira dzimbiri ndi yakuda bii kukhala yakuda ndi zonona. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi liwu lamphamvu komanso zovuta kuchita. Mwa zina, mawu a mbalameyi amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chomwe magwiridwe ake ntchito samakhala omveka nthawi zonse]. Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa mbalame pafupi kumapereka mphamvu yake yayikulu-ziwiri ndikutsindika pa silabasi yoyamba, yomwe nyengo yofunda imamveka patali pafupifupi 2-2 km. Nthawi zambiri, zazimphongo zazimuna zikafuna kudziwana ndi zazikazi, ngakhale zazikazi zimathanso kupanga mawu otere, zochepera zokha. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva kulira kwa mbalame zonse ziwiri (zikafuna mwanjira iliyonse) zimasanduka chiphokoso chokhazikika.
Phokoso la kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi kuseka kwamphamvu komwe kumagwirizana ndi zinayi kapena zisanu. Mwa zomwe zimapangidwa zimaphatikizidwanso "kulira", kulira ndi kulira.
Chiwombankhanga sichimawopa anthu, ngakhale ma biotopes omwe amasankha nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali ndi malo ndi misewu. Nthawi zina, mbalame imakhalabe m'mafamu ngakhale kumalo osungirako magalimoto akuluakulu
Izi makamaka ndi mlenje wausiku, ngakhale nthawi yozizira kapena yamitambo imatha kuuluka kukasaka chakudya masana. Atazindikira kuti akufuna kudya, nyama yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito nkhomayo, imaponyera mwala pansi ndikuimata, ndikuyendetsa nsomba m'madzi mwamphamvu kapena pang'ono. Amakonda kwambiri makoswe.
Imakhala ndi mitu yayikulu ya nthenga 6, nthenga zazifupi zazing'ono zoyambira (zazifupi kuposa chachinayi) ndi mtundu.Kamvekedwe ka utoto kofanana ndi kofanana, kasoyera ndi matanga opindika ndi chifuwa choyera, koma mawanga amdima akumbali ya thupi samalumikizana mikwingwirima yayitali, ngati kadzidzi kakang'ono, ndipo ndodo zakumapeto kwa thupi zimadutsira mbali yopingasa. Nthawi zambiri amapanga mikwingwirima imodzimodzi-mowonekera bwino ya 4-6.
Kadzidzi wamba ya kadzidzi imangosungidwa m'nkhalango zokha, ndimakonda nkhalango zowirira ndi mitengo yakuda, popeza pano siyowoneka bwino.
Imakhala zisa mu zisa zakale za ma corvid, monga khwangwala ndi maula. Nthawi zambiri chisa chimakhala pamtunda, koma pakhala pali zofunikira kupeza zisa kutalika kwa 1.5-2 metres. Clutch (kumapeto kwa Marichi ndi Epulo) nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira oyera 4-5. Chakudya chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, makamaka mbewa ndi ma voles, komanso tizilombo, komanso nthawi ya mbalame. Kadzidzi kakulidwe kakang'ono, kofika 31-37 cm kutalika ndi 86-98 masentimita mu mapiko.
Kadzidzi wautali wautali amatha kusuntha mutu wake madigiri 210!
Wothamangira wakuda amafikira 18cm kutalika, mapiko - 40 cm, kutalika kwa mapiko - 17 cm ndi mchira - 8 cm. Mchirawo ndi wotsekedwa, maula ndi amtundu wakuda ndi utoto wokhala ndi chitsulo chobiriwira, mawonekedwe a othamanga amafanana ndi kumeza. Chink ndi mmero zimakongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera ozungulira, maso ndi a bulauni, mulomo ndi wakuda, miyendo ndi yofiirira. Zowanda zazimuna ndi zazikazi sizimasiyana, koma anapiyewo ndi opepuka pang'ono kuposa kusuntha kwa akuluakulu, ndipo nthenga zawo zimakhala ndi malire oyera oyera kumapeto. M'chilimwe, nthenga zimayaka kwambiri ndipo utoto wonse umakhala wopepuka.
Wothamangira wakuda amakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lokwera ndege pakati pa mbalame, limafika 111 km / h.
Popeza nthawi zambiri zala zinayi zakumapazi zimangolowera mbali imodzi, sizingapangitse kuti zikhale zolimba, ndiye kuti othamanga, monga akuluka zina zambiri, sangathe kuyenda pansi. Zotsatira zake, ngati pazifukwa zina mbalame zikagwera pansi (zomwe zimachitika pokhapokha) komanso mwayi wouluka utayika, sizithandiza.
Malo osambira omwe amakhala kudera la Russian Federation ndi mitundu yosamukira. Kutentha, zimawonekera mochedwa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yotentha, pomwe unyinji wa tizilombo touluka tawonekera. Popeza kusuntha ndi mbalame zofala kwambiri, anthu m'matauni nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo mu "vuto la nkhumba" - anapiye awo nthawi zambiri amauluka asanafike pachisa, osadziwa kuuluka. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri nyengo yamvula. Pakadali pano, amapezeka ndi anthu m'misewu yamakhazikika. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika mbalame zina zambiri, koma mitundu yambiri ya mbalame imapitilirabe kusamalira ana awo. Koma ngati makolowo amadyetsa ana a mbalame zamtundu woyambira momwemo nyengo yakukhwima, ndiye kuti posinthana anyani amtunduwu omwe atuluka chisa adayamba kudya okha. M'mayiko ambiri, pali malo oyikiramo, omwe amawabwezeretsa ndikuwabwezeretsanso kuthengo. Komanso, okonda payekha amatenga okha zakudya zoterezi. Kubwera wakuda kumabwera kuyambira nthawi yozizira pang'ono. Pambuyo pofika, msodzi wakuda amayamba kupanga chisa, chomwe chimakhala pafupifupi masiku 8. Mazira 2-3 amaikidwa mchisa. Mchaka, mbalame imapanga 1 clutch. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amalowetsa anapiye kwa masiku 11-16. Zingwe zazing'ono zimakhala mchisa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimawuluka kuchokera kwa iwo tsiku la 38-39, ndipo nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe, pa 56. Atachoka pachisa, amatha kuuluka ndi kudya pawokha.
Imakhala chisa m'makola, imakonza zisa m'maenje, m'miyala, m'mingala m'mphepete, padenga, padenga la nyumba.
Oyimira amtunduwu ndi makulidwe apakatikati. Mlomo ndi miyendo yakuda. Mbali yam'mwamba ya maula ndi yolumikizika, yofiirira, mbali ndi mchira wake ndi zofiira. Spurs pamiyendo palibe.
Kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna kumachepetsedwa pokhapokha kuti zazikazi ndizopakidwa utoto.Ndizokhazikika mbalame, zimakhala m'malo otseguka.
Amadyetsa njere zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina tizilombo.
Zingwe zimakonzedwa pansi ngati njira zophimbira zomwe zili m'malo obisika.
Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
Mtengo wamtchire ndi mbalame yaing'ono yofiirira yokhala ndi mitsitsi yayitali yakutali, pansi, nsidze ndi mikwingwirima mbali za mchira ndi nsidze yoyera, chifuwa chake chimakhala ndi mawanga bulauni m'mbali. Pamutu pali kachitsotso kakang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pamitengo, yomwe imayala kwambiri. Ijwi ndilyonya aamba kuti "tyu-lyuli" kapena "lyuliu", nthawi zambiri limayimba mlengalenga, likuwuluka mozungulira mabwalo. Dzinalo "yula" limachokera ku nyimbo yake "yuli-yuli-yuli" kapena "yul-yul-yul." Amadyetsa tizilombo ndi mbewu. Imakhala pansi, dzenje pansi pa chitsamba kapena chinangwa. Mu clutch 4-5 mazira oyera kapena ofiira otuwa ndi masamba otuwa.
Field Lark ndi mbalame yaying'ono ya banja la a Lark. Mbalame yaying'ono iyi imadziwika chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri. Kuwala kwake ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta ndipo imakhala yotuwa, koma yowoneka bwino. Msana wake ndi wa imvi, nthawi zina wamtundu wachikasu wokhala ndi matamba opindika, maula am'mimba ndi oyera, chifuwa chake, chachikulu kwa mbalame yabwino, chili ndi nthenga zofiirira. Tarsus ndi bulauni. Mutu wamtchire lark, woyera komanso woyengeka kwambiri kuposa mutu wa mpheta, umakongoletsedwa ndi kachitsulo kakang'ono, mchirawo umadutsana ndi nthenga zoyera. Pamwamba pamaso akuda - nsidze. Kupaka utoto wa Field Lark ndikuteteza, kumamuthandiza kuti adzibisa pakudera komanso pansi. Wamphongo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamkazi ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso ndi nyimbo, yomwe imapezeka mwa akazi.
Kugulitsa kumunda ndi moona wokhala m'matanthwe ndi mapiri, mapiri ndi minda. Malo okha omwe simungakumane ndi mbalame yaying'ono ndi nkhalangoyi. Nyengo yachisanu ikadzalima, mitengo ya m'minda imafika pamalo odyeramo kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe kulibe tizilombo todyera, imasunga timakungu tating'ono m'malo otentha ndi dzuwa, kubisala kumphepo ndi mvula kumapeto. Mitengo yamtchire imadyedwa pazakudya zam'mera mwa mbewu za zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu zamphesa. Pazakudya ali ndi nthangala za mbalame, pikulnik, passerine. Mbalamezi zimakonda kwambiri mabulangeki ndi mitundu ina yamtchire. Mukadzala mbewu za phala zokhwima, nkhokwe zimadzalanda minda yofesedwa ndi oats ndi tirigu mosangalala. Rye ndi barele sakondedwa nawo, chifukwa ali ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, ndipo ogulitsa m'munda amakonda zakudya zamafuta. Kuti mbewu zouma zolimba zisidwe bwino m'mimba, iwo, pamodzi ndi njere, amapukutira timiyala ting'onoting'ono. Kufika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe mbewu zikangoyamba kumera, mitengo imagwiritsanso ntchito ngati chakudya, kudzazitsa thupi ndi chakudya cha Vitamini. Chisanu chikangosungunuka komanso dzuwa litayamba kutentha, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambiranso zakudya zam'minda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, akangaude, mphutsi za tizilombo tina tambiri, pupae wa agulugufe - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga chakudya chachikulu chamalimwe nthawi yonse yotentha. Mbalameyi nthawi zonse imasaka padziko lapansi, sigwira tizilombo touluka, kapena mbalame zomwe zimakwawa pamitengo yazomera. Amakwaniritsa kufunika kwamadzi ndi mame omwe amakhazikika pazomera. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona dambo lakutidwa ndi fumbi kapena mchenga, amakonda malo oterowo ndipo nthawi zonse amabwerera kwa iwo kuti akatsuke manambala ake. Pokhala mbalame yakumunda, nyengoyi imakhala m'madambo, m'mphepete mwa udzu, koma malo abwino kwambiri osungira mbalamezi ndi minda yofesedwa nyengo yachisanu ndi mkate wamasika. Chisa ndi chophweka kwambiri, chimamangidwa mu dzenje pansi, pakati pa udzu. Monga chida chomanga, khola lanyanjayo limagwiritsa ntchito zimayambira ndi mizu ya udzu, mkati mwa chisa chimayikidwa ndi ubweya wofewa wosungidwa ndi mbalame, tsitsi lahatchi ndi pansi. Chisa chimaphimbidwa mosamala, ndizovuta kuzindikira.Kutalika kwa chisa kuli pafupifupi 50 mm; yaikaziyo imayikira mazira anayi mpaka 6, omwe amakhala achikasu achikuda ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi timadontho tating'ono tofiirira. Kukula kwa dzira kuli pafupifupi 23 x 17 mm. Chisa chikumangidwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zobiriwira zimatuluka. Zachikazi zimasaka mazira kwa milungu iwiri, anapiye amakono, amawakutidwa ndi thukuta laling'ono. Amakula mwachangu ndikusiya chisa pakatha masiku 10, ngakhale kuti sangathe kuuluka. Masabata ochepa okha pambuyo pake, amphaka ang'onoang'ono amaphunzira zalusozi ndikuyamba kudzidyetsa okha. Nthawi zonse, mpaka anapiyewo atakwera kumapiko, amabisala pakati pa udzu ndi mapesi a chimanga, komwe sizingatheke kuzindikira, kuchuluka kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono kumalumikizana ndi masamba ozungulira, ndikupangitsa mbalamezi kuti zisawonekenso. Mu Juni, yaikazi imakhala pansi yachiwiri, anapiye omwe amayambira pawokha mu Julayi. Achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amapita kukayamba nyengo yachisanu kuyambira mwezi wa Seputembara. Pakati pa Okutobala, pafupifupi mbalame zonse zimatsala. Kukazizira kumachitika kumwera kwa Europe.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 31- 35 s M, kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 25-29 masentimita, mapiko ndi 70-80 masentimita, kulemera kwa mbalamezo ndi 97-175 g. Mbalame yotuwa ili ndi mchira wopindika komanso mulomo wofiira ndi nsonga yakuda. Zowonjezerazo ndi zoyera kapena zofiirira, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ya pentiyo imapakidwa zakuda kwambiri. Nthawi zina pamphumi umakhala wopepuka ndipo mulomo umakhala wakuda. Matani a tern wamba ndi ofiira. Kufuula kumveka ngati kick kapena krie.
Mtsinje umayenda pansi mwamadzi posaka chakudya. Pali nsomba zochepa zomwe zimadyera nyama zawo. Amadyetsanso ma mollusks ndi tizilombo. Mitsinje ya mitsinje imakhala m'mwezi wa Meyi mpaka Ogasiti m'mphepete mwa miyala yamchenga ndi mchenga wokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Nesting ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa kontinenti. Yaimuna yokhala ndi nsomba mumkamwa mwake imagvina zovina, kuyesa kukopa wamkazi. Mu chisa, chomwe chimabowola udzu pansi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira anayi kapena anayi. Makolo onsewa amakhala ndi makulidwe mpaka anapiye. Madzi amtsinje amawateteza mwa kulumphira m'madzi kuchokera kumlengalenga. Masabata 3-4 atabadwa, ana amayamba kuuluka.
Mawonekedwe a swans mu utoto wake akhoza kukhala oyera oyera, kapena otuwa kapena lakuda. Kunja, akazi ndi amuna ndi ovuta kusiyanitsa. Swans ochokera ku atsekwe amadziwika ndi khosi lalitali, lomwe limawalola kusefukira pansi pamadzi akuya kuti apeze chakudya, komanso kukula kwake komwe ndi mbalame zazikulu zam'madzi. Mapikowo amafika mamita awiri, ndipo misa amatha kupitirira 15 kg. Makwawo amakhala afupiafupi, chifukwa ma swans, akuyenda pansi, amapangitsa chidwi. Koma apanga minofu yowuluka kwambiri, kuwalola kuthana ndi makilomita masauzande ndi ndege zapachaka kum'mwera ndi kumbuyo.
Ana amaleredwa ndi makolo onse, kusamalira ana asanathe zaka 1-2 pambuyo pobadwa.
Mu msonkho wamakono, ma swans agawidwa m'mitundu isanu ndi iwiri:
Kwa anthu, swans imakhala ndi kukongola, chikondi, chizindikiro cha kubadwanso, kuyera, kudziwika ndi nzeru, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matupi awo okongola, kutuluka ndi kusambira.
Atsekwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wawo, womwe m'munsi umakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu kuposa mulifupi, ndipo umatha ndi msomali wokhala ndi lakuthwa. M'mbali mwa mulomo ndi mano ang'ono. Atsekwe amakhala ndi khosi lalitali-lalitali (lalitali kuposa la abakha, koma lalifupi kuposa la swans), miyendo yayitali yolumikizidwa pakati pakatikati kuposa abakha, ndi chitunda cholimba, kapena chotumphukira.
Nthenga ndi pansi zimapangidwa kwambiri. Amuna sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi zazimuna - kusiyana kumangokhala mu “kukula” kwa mafupa kumayambiriro kwa mulomo wamphongo, komanso kukula kwakukulirapo kwa thupi.
Atsekwe ambiri amachita miseche kapena amapeka mawu;
Atsekwe amakhala pamalo otetezeka komanso oyenda mozungulira, ena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amayenda ndikuyenda bwino, kuwuluka mwachangu, koma kusambira ndikugonjera kwambiri kuposa abakha.Pamadzi ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa abakha ndi swans, moyo wawo wonse amakhala pamtunda. Atsekwe amawuluka nthawi yachisanu ndikusamalira mazira, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wokwera usiku, mwachangu kwambiri.
Amadyetsa zakudya zam'mera zokha, makamaka zobiriwira zachilengedwe ndi mbewu. Mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wokhala ndi ma denticles akuthwa m'mphepete, amata udzu, chimanga, kabichi, masamba, zipatso, nyemba ndi makutu. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, mitundu ina imadyanso tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi tizilombo.
Atsekwe amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, ndipo nthawi ya ndege ndimakumana mumagulu akulu. Zimakhala chithaphwi, ena mumitengo, kuchuluka kwa mazira nthawi zambiri ndi 6-12. Wamphongo samatenga nawo mbali kuti akwaniritse mazira, amasamala yaikaziyo, ndipo anapiyewo akamayandikira, amayang'anira banja lonse.
Abakha ndi mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono zazitali komanso yokhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso mkono wamanja, yokutira kutsogolo ndi zishango zopindika. Mitundu ya manambala ndi osiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri ili ndi "kalilole" wapadera pamapiko. Mallard - Bakha wotchuka kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kwamphongo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 62, chachikazi chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 57, kulemera kwake kumafika kilogalamu 1-1,5 (m'dzinja, mbalame ikalemedwa thupi lisanafike, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 2 kg). Mutu ndi khosi laimuna ndi zobiriwira, tsekwe komanso chifuwa ndi zofiirira, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi imvi pakhungu ndi malo owonda. Yaikazi imakhala yotuwa ndipo imakhala ndi madera akuda; Pa mapiko aimuna ndi achikazi, "kalilole" wamtambo.
Mbira yosuntha pang'ono. Imakhala m'madzi opanda madzi komanso opanda mchere. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mbalame zambiri nthawi yozizira imakhala m'madzi ozizira m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi malo okhala.
Liwu wamba limakhala loti chete - "reb-reb-reb". Mawu aakazi ndi osowa, monga bakha woweta. M'malo mochita kunjenjemera, yamphongo imakhala ndi mawu osokosera “shaaak” kapena “shyaaaark.” Mukuwopa, mankhwalawo amakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo asananyamuke amakhala chete komanso mopupuluma. Mawu achikazi mu nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, amatcha amphongo, ndi mfuwu wotchedwa "cuak-cuak-cuac-cuac-cuac".
Posankha chakudya ndi pulasitiki, limasinthika mosavuta kuzikhalidwe zakomweko. Imadyetsa madzi osaya ndi kusefa, kumasefa nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi ndikumadzala chakudya kudzera m'miyala ya mulomo. Amakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba (duckweed, Hornwort, etc.), ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo, ma mollusks, nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans, tadpoles, ngakhale achule
Nthawi zambiri mallard amayimirira m'madzi mokhazikika, kumangirira, ndikuyesera kufikira mbewu zomwe zimamera pansi pa dziwe. Amadyetsedwa nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya ndi akuya mpaka 30- 35 masentimita, pomwe amachotsa chakudya kuchokera pansi, kutembenuzira molunjika pansi, koma osatamira.
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, pomwe malo osungiramo madzi oundana ndi ayezi, mallown amasungidwa chifukwa cha chowawa. Maziko azakudya panthawiyi amasinthidwa masamba obiriwira azomera zam'madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya mallard kunachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nyama. Mu theka loyamba la dzinja, amadya makamaka mphukira zamadzi am'madzi ndi mbewu. M'madziwe amizinda ndi malo ena osungira, mallards ali ochulukirapo, amakhala ndi anthu ndipo amakhala ndi moyo, makamaka chifukwa chodyetsa
Mbalame Zogwira ku Tatarstan
Banja lalikulu kwambiri la mbalame zodya nyama ndi zabodza. Kuphatikiza pa falcons, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi ndi chisa cha osprey ku Tatarstan. Mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa, kuphatikiza ndi ma venda ndi mbalame, zimagwira tizilombo tambiri.
Goshawk
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri pabanja la hawk. Ku Tatarstan, derali limagwirizana ndi kufalitsa nkhalango zowonongera zachilengedwe. Imakhala chisa ndikupeza chakudya m'matchire, imatha kuwoneka kumwamba pamwamba pa midzi ndi mizinda.
Unyinji wa amuna umafika pa 1 kg, koma zazikazi zimadutsa molemera amuna ndi miyeso imodzi ndi theka. Mbalame imachita imvi; nthongo yopingasa imawoneka bwino pamimba ya thupi. "Nsidze" zolimba ndizapamwamba pamaso - mikwingwirima yoyera yopatsa mbalame mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Chapakatikati, chisa chakale chimakonzedwa kapena pamtengo wokwera, wopanda mawonekedwe, watsopano umapangidwa. Yaikaziyo imayamwa ndipo imalowa mu 2-3, nthawi zina 4, mazira mkati mwa mwezi. Mbalame zonse, zazimuna ndi zazikazi, zimadyetsa ana. Anapiye a miyezi itatu amayamba kuphunzitsa mapiko awo ndipo posakhalitsa amawuluka, kuyesa kukhazikitsa moyo wachikulire, womwe ungakhale zaka 17.
Mitundu ya mbalamezi ndi gawo la banja la akambuku. Pakusintha, Looney adasinthana ndi ma biotopes osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yambiri idapangidwa. M'mwamba ku East European Plain nthawi zambiri mumawuluka:
- chakudya chambiri - nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pazigwa, ndikutchetcha mitengo,
- Munda wam'munda - umasaka m'mbali mwa nkhalango, pakati pa nkhalango,
- Steppe lun - mbalameyi yakwanitsa kudera la Tatarstan,
- marsh - kufunafuna nyama zouluka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, madambo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwezi ndi yofanana m'njira zofunikira, njira zosaka ndi moyo. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mwezi ndi masentimita 60. Kuchulukitsa kwa olusa akuluakulu ndi 400-500 g. Amuna a Looney ndi amodzi ndi theka mpaka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa akazi. M'mwezi wama Swamp ndi wamkulu kuposa abale awo, mwezi wowoneka bwino ndi wocheperako komanso wopepuka.
Pafupifupi mwezi uli ndi mapiko autali komanso mchira, ndipo nyama zomwe zimadya mbalamezi zimathawa. Pakukwera kochepa, mwezi umayang'ana nyama, kenako imachepetsa kwambiri ndikugwira nyama: makoswe, achule, anapiye.
Nyengo yakukhwima imayamba ndi zovuta ndege zamphongo. Wamphongo amatsimikizira kukonzeka kwake ndi ziwonetsero zama airy, zolemba. Atasenda, chisa chomwe chili pansi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira awiri ndi atatu. Patatha masiku 30 mpaka 40 atachotsa chipolacho, anapiyewo ayamba kuyesa mapiko. Pambuyo milungu ina iwiri imachoka.
Owl imvi
Owls - wamba mbalame za ku Tatarstan. Kadzidzi kachikena ndi imodzi mwa izo. Mbalameyi siili yayikulu kwambiri, yolemera 650 g.Mutu wawukulu ndi wozungulira wokutidwa ndi wokutidwa ndi maimidwe obiriwira m'madontho obisika, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a makungwa a mtengo.
Ma disc amaso, amdima, owazungulira, komanso mulomo woonda wolowera osasiya kukayikira za mitundu ya mbalameyo. Kadzidzi kumakhala m'nkhalango zachikulire momwe mitengo yopanda zipatso imapezeka. Nthawi zina imapezeka ku malo osungirako matawuni, komwe imagwira nyama zazing'ono usiku, kuphatikiza nyama ndi tizilombo.
Kupanga kadzidzi kumachitika koyambirira - kumapeto kwa Marichi. Kwa pafupifupi masiku 30, yaikazi imalowetsa kadzidzi wowonjezera wa 3-5. Patatha mwezi umodzi kubadwa, anapiye amasankhidwa ku chisa. M'chilimwe chonse amafunika chisamaliro cha makolo. Mwezi wa Ogasiti, nthawi yochezerayo ikutha. Mbalame zimakhala zaka 15-20. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kunakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka 22,5.
Omnivores aku Tatarstan
Pa gawo la Tatarstan mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zodabwitsa. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo mbewu, zikumera, mizu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi ngakhale tating'onoting'ono timawonjezerapo. Odziwika kwambiri komanso odziwika kwambiri pabanja la corvidae ndi amphaka ndi akhwangwala. Mitundu yamitundu yachilengedwe imaphatikizidwanso m'banja la cranes, bustards.
Ng'ombe wamba
Mbalame yaying'ono ngati crane yochokera ku banja la abusa. Zimalemera kokha 80-130 g. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 25. Mtundu wamba wamapulogalamuwo umakhala wakuda ndi zowoneka zazing'ono zowala. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, mbali zake ndizotumbululuka, mbali yakumbuyo ya imvi.
Amayamba kugwira ntchito madzulo. Kuyenda ndikusambira amakonda kuuluka. Ana obiriwira ana obiriwira, mizu ya zomera zobera, tizilombo, ma tadpoles, nsomba zazing'ono komanso ngakhale zovunda.
Pamalo othandiza nesting amapezeka masika. Awiriwa amawaswa ana aang'ono 8-12. Zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Anapiye opezeka bwino amatengedwa ndi m'modzi mwa makolo mu chisa. Pakatha masiku 20, ana ake amayamba kudya okha. Mu Julayi, amasiya chisamaliro cha makolo. Omwe akutsata amakhala, ngati makhwawa onse pafupifupi zaka 20.
Swallow
Swallows ndi mbalame zotetezeka. Gwira agulugufe, kafadala pa ntchentche. Anthu am'banja lamezi, wamba mbalame za ku Tatarstan. Pachithunzichi ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mtundu umodzi wam'meza kuchokera kwina.
- City swallow - amakhala m'mizinda kapena m'matawuni okhala ndi nyumba zamwala. Amakhala m'migulu yaying'ono momwe zisa zimakhalira pafupi.
- Meza wam'mudzi - musaganize zomanga chisa pansi pa mipanda yamiyala. Nyumba zam'midzi, nkhokwe, milatho ndiyothandizanso ngati malo omanga.
- Swallow-gombe - m'mphepete mwa mapiri a mitsinje, nyanja, mabwalo osiyidwa, mabowo akumiza mabowo. Amatha kufikira 1 mita mwakuya. Swowsows amapanga mizere, pa thanthwe limodzi pamatha kulowa malo ambiri omata zisa.
Mchenga, wophatikiza ndi mazira 5, akuwonekera mu June-Julayi. Pambuyo masiku 15-18, makulitsidwe amatha, kudyetsa kumayamba. Pakakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, anapiye amatha kuuluka. Mbawala zomwe zasiya chisa zimatha kudyetsa zamezizo zikuuluka. Zikuba sizinapose zaka 5.
Oriole
Achinyamata - mbalame zosamukira ku Tatarstan. Munthu akhoza kulankhula za banja ili m'modzi: Republic, mtundu umodzi zisa - Oriole wamba. Kukula kwa Oriole ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi, imalemera zosakwana 90 g, mapiko ake amatha kutseguka mpaka masentimita 45. Mbalamezo ndizowala kwambiri. Mwa amuna, mtundu wachikasu wa thupi umasiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko akuda ndi mchira. Akazi ali ndi pamwamba pamtunda wobiriwira, pansi pamtunda, mapiko obiriwira.
Achinyamata amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira. Pakumapeto kwa kasupe, amuna mwa kuchita chibwenzi amalimbikitsa mkazi kuti apange awiri. Pambuyo pake, chisa chofanana ndi basiketi yokhazikika chimamangidwa. Zimapangitsa kukhala womasuka. Pakatha milungu iwiri, makulidwewo amatha, patatha masiku 15 achinyamata anayi a Orioles atulukamo. Achinyamata amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10.
Wagtail
Mitundu ya mbalame ya banja la ma cartile. Tizilombo touluka touluka timatulutsidwa pansi, ziphanthi ndi agulugufe zimagwidwa ndikuuluka. Ikadutsa pansi, imagwedeza mchira wake wautali, kuthawa kumakhala ndimitundu yosanjikiza.
- Wagtail ndi yoyera - kumtunda ndi imvi, mutu ndi pansi pa thupi ndi zoyera.
- Wagtery ndi wachikasu - kumbuyo ndi kobiriwira, kutsogolo kwa khosi kuli chikaso chowala, mchira wake ndi woderapo.
- Ngolo yamapiri - mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi ngolo yachikaso yophatikizika ndi mbali zoyera, chifuwa chachikaso ndi underwig.
- Wagtery wachikaso wamutu - mbalame imakhala ndi mutu wamakhwala, thupi lamanjenje yakuda.
- Wagtery wamaso achikaso - nthenga zachikaso zowoneka bwino pamphumi zimasanduka "nsidze" zachikaso.
- Katundu wamutu wakuda - kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi kumakhala kwakuda, mbali yakumbuyo ndi yobiriwira chikasu, kumtunda, mkati mwa thupi ndi chikaso.
Mbalame zimapanga zisa zosavuta pansi. Magaleta am'mapiri a zisa amasankha tambala m'miyala. Pakatikati, masonry amachitika; mu June, mbalame zazing'ono 4-5 zimatuluka. Pakutha kwa mwezi wa June, ma ngolo nthawi zambiri amapanganso chachiwiri. Wagtails amakhala pafupifupi zaka 12.
Nkhani yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu
Mafumu ndi ochepa kwambiri mitundu ya mbalame za ku Tatarstan ndi Russia yonse. Nthawi zambiri, nkhani yokhala ndi mutu wachikasu imapezeka. Kinglet yaying'ono, yopanda mawonekedwe imakhala ndi chizindikiro chapadera: chingwe cha chikasu cha mandimu pamutu pake.
Malo omwe mbalame zimagawidwa zimagwirizana ndi malo okhala nkhalango zowongoka komanso zosakanikirana. Ngati pali conifers, imakhazikika m'mapaki amizinda. Nthambi za mitengo yakale yamkuwa imakhala pobisalirapo zisa za mafumu.
Mwezi wa Epulo, nyengo yakukhwima iyamba. Awiri akumanga chisa chopachikika. Mtengo wamtundu wamkazi umayika mazira 10-12, ndikuwatsekera kwa masiku 20. Wamphongo amasamalira kudyetsa nkhuku.
Mukamaliza makulitsidwe, mkaziyo samasiya ana kwa sabata limodzi - amatenthetsa anapiye. Pakatha milungu itatu, anapiye amasankhidwa pa nthambi pafupi ndi chisa ndipo posachedwa amayamba kuuluka. Pazakudya zopangidwa ndi tizilombo 99%, Mafumu amakhala zaka 5-7.
Linnet wamba
Izi ndi zabwino, pang'ono mbalame zozizira za ku Tatarstan. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi kukula kwake ndi ofanana ndi mpheta. Mtundu wake ndi wowala. Mbali yakumanzere, yotsala ya thupi ndi yofiirira, mbali ndi thupi lotsika zimakhala zoyera. Amuna, chifuwa ndi mphumi zimakhala zofiirira. Zachikazi sizikhala ndi maula ofiira. Linnet salemera zosaposa 20 g.
M'mizinda ndi m'midzi yoyandikana ndi mpheta.Mosiyana ndi iwo, imayimba mosangalatsa. Kugonana kumachitika zisa zosavuta zopangidwa pamitengo ndi tchire. Pakupita milungu iwiri, anapiye amtundu waubweya.
Pambuyo masiku 15, amasiya makolo awo. Mu Julayi, chisa chatsopano chikumangidwa, masonry watsopano akupangidwa, monga woyamba, ali ndi mazira 5. Kuzungulira kwa kuwaswa, kudyetsa kumabwerezedwa. Linnet amakhala pafupifupi zaka 8.
Mtanda wopalasa
Mtundu wonyezimira mbalame za republic of Tatarstan. Kuphatikiza apo, maulendo owoloka amakhala ndi zakudya zapadera - amakonda mbewu za coniferous. Chifukwa chake, ku Tatarstan, dera lamtunda limalumikizana ndikugawidwa kwa nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana.
Mbalame zili ndi chinthu chinanso - nthawi yakusanja zimatengera mbewu ya cones. Pali mitundu itatu mwa republic:
- Klest-spruce - kukula sikupitirira mpheta. Zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chisamuke kumadera komwe mitengo ya spruce ndi pine imabweretsa zipatso zambiri za cones. Ndi mbewu zambiri za spruce, zimatha kuyamba kubereketsa anapiye asanafike masika, ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
- Mtambo wokwera-wokhala ndi mapiko oyera - ocheperako pang'ono kuposa spruce. Akatswiri a larch mbewu.
- Mtengo wa paini wa Crossbill - chakudya chachikulu cha mtanda ichi ndi mbewu zomwe zimasungidwa m'mipini ya pine.
Kudziwika bwino kwamadyerero kwapangitsa kuti pakhale chisinthiko pakamwa. Mapeto ake owongoka, okhala ndi nkono akuwongolera kukhotetsa nthangala. Maulendo apamtunda ndi zitsanzo zowoneka bwino pakusintha kwa mbalame, ngakhale menyu ake amathanso kukhala ndi njere za mpendadzuwa, mbewu zaudzu, tizilombo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za tsekwe ndizosiyanasiyana. Amadya masamba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo algae. Nthawi zina amathanso kulawa chakudya "chamoyo", izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi crustaceans.
Abakha omwe akufotokozedwawo sakudziwa kuyimba, koma amatha kusambira kuchokera pansi pamadzi, atatsamira mkati. Pakadali pano, mchira, ngati ntchentche, umakhala pamwamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kulibe mbewu zochuluka kwambiri, tsekwe amadya moss, ndipo maziko a chakudyacho ndi msuzi wa Zoster.
Mbalame za ku Tatarstan zimachita chidwi ndi mitundu yawo. Pali onse omwe amakhala osamukasamuka komanso okhalitsa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha herbivores, omnivores ndi zilombo zokhala mdera la republic. Tidasanthula mitundu iwiri kuchokera ku banja la abakha, tsopano tidziwa bwino za nyama zokongola kwambiri.
Order: Anseriformes (lat. Anseriformes)
Bakha wamaaso oyera (n) tsekwe loyera-loyang'ana kutsogolo, kapena tsekwe loyera loyera (n) Goumennik (n) Long-nosed merganser (n) Orca (h) Mphezi yokhala ndi mutu (n, d) Wofiyira-wokhotakhota (n) Mbale yofiyira (y) . kapena bakha wofiira (h) Peganka, kapena lofanana (g, n) Piskulka (n) Savka (g, n) Sviyaz (n) bakha wonenepa (g, n) Grey goose (g, n) Turpan (n) Wofedwa ndi khungu ( g, n) Goose Wakuda (h) Wofukizira muluzu (g, n) Wofinya wosalaza ( , N) Pintail (r, n) Mphepo (r, n)
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro za makwangwala
Gulu la akhwangwala pafupi ndi madzi
Kuyambira kalekale, anthu amati luso lotha kumenya mbalame zakuda.
Nthawi zonse, akhwangwala ankawonedwa kuti ndi oyambitsa zoyipa. Pomwe khwangwala amawonekera, china chake choyipa chinali pafupi kuchitika posachedwa. Mu nthano, nthano ndi nthano, akhwangwala amayanjana ndi mizimu yoyipa ndi imfa. Voronoi amathawira kunkhondo yamagazi, akupukusa maso a asitikali akufa.
Ma mbambo ankapembedzedwa kale. Chifukwa chake Agiriki akale adawona mbalamezi ngati amithenga a milungu, ndipo amwenye amakhulupirira kuti akhwangwala ali ndi mphamvu zozizwitsa. Ahindu ankakhulupirira kuti akhwangwala amatha kulumikizana ndi mizimu ya akufa. Chizindikiro: mbalame ikagogoda pazenera, zikutanthauza kuti makolo akufa aja akufuna kutumiza uthenga, kuchenjeza amoyo za zomwe zichitike.
Pukuta pa udzu pafupi ndi nyanja
Pali chithunzi chabwino cha khwangwala. Mbalameyi imalumikizidwa ndi luntha, kulimba mtima, nzeru. Chithunzi chodabwitsa cha khwangwala ndi mawonekedwe ake amawonekera m'malo onse aluso.
Order: Charadriiformes (Charadriiformes)
Avdotka (g, n) Snipe (g, n) Msipu wokhala ndi mbewa (n) Big godwit (g, n) Wokhotakhota (g, n) Nkhono zazikulu (g, n) Brown-winged plover (n) Woodcock (g, n) Kummawa klusha (p) Necktie (p) Garshnep (p) Dupel (g, p) Golide wazitsulo (p) Stoneware (p) Redneak (p) Krechetka (g, p) Wogula fin (p) Sandpiper (p) Sandpiper magpie (g, n) Nkhalango yam'madzi (h) Wamng'ono (g, n) Wamng'ono (g, n) Zuyk (g, n) Morodunka (n) nkhunda ya kunyanja (h) Nyanja yayikulu, kapena nkhokwe wamba (mitsinje) (g, p) Chonyamulira (g, p) Sentinel (g, p) Mphepete mwa mtsinje (g, p) Mphepo yamphongo yopepuka (R, n) wamba gull (r, n) Whimbrels (n) Stepnaya GLAREOLA Glareola nordmanni. Mawonekedwe akuuluka. Curlew (g, n) Herbalist (g, n) Tules (n) Turukhtan (n) Fifi (g, n) Wosokonekera (g, n) Kuseka, kapena steppe gull (g, n) Khrustan (n) Chegrava (s) ) Wosasenda tern (g, n) Kuseka kwa mutu wakuda (g, n) Kuseka kwa mutu wakuda (n) Chernysh (g, n) Lapwing (g, n) Shiloklyuvka (g, n) Goldfinch (n)
Kutanthauzira Maloto
Gulu la akhwangwala limawulukira kumwamba
- Ngati munthu alota khwangwala wofuula, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngozi yakufa imakhazikika mnyumbayo ndi banja lake. Kuti mupulumutse, muyenera kupemphera kwambiri.
- Gulu la akhwangwala lomwe limazungulira pamaloto likuwonetsa nkhondo yankhondo, nkhondo. Anthu ambiri adzavutika.
- Gulu la akhwangwala limakhala pamunda - chaka chotsalira.
Dera
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa khwalala la khwangwala
Magulu angapo akhwangwala amakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Eurasia (kupatula zilumba za Arctic Ocean, Yamal, Taimyr ndi Gydansky peninsulas), ku Greenland, North America, ndi North Africa. M'malo otentha amaimiridwa pang'ono. Malo okhala akhwangwala ang'onoang'ono ali m'mapiri a Syria, Iraq, Iran ndi Pakistan, China, ndi kumpoto India. Ku Kazakhstan ndi zipululu za Central Asia sikukhala chisa. Ndi osowa m'maiko aku Europe.
Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zosamukasamuka zimawulukira kumadera otentha komwe nthawi yozizira imabwerako?
Mbalame zosamukasamuka zimawulukira kumadera otentha kuti zisafe ndi nyengo yozizira
Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti mbalame zimawulukira kumadera otentha chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira. Inde, zimakhudzanso mosatengera zochita zawo, komabe ambiri aiwo amatha kupilira kuzizira mosavuta.
Mbalame zimachoka kunyumba zawo chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachepetsedwa kwambiri m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chake, kuti asafe ndi njala, ayenera kusamuka ndikuyang'ana malo omwe angadyeko ngati kale. Mbalame zimatha kuzizira ku India, Africa, Greece, Spain, Italiya kapena zilumba za Britain.
Pazifukwa zomwe abwerera, akatswiri azamankhwala sangapereke yankho lenileni la funso ili. Ena amakhulupirira kuti sangathe kupeza malo abwino oberekera, pomwe ena amati kumeneko saloledwa kukhala ndi tiziromboti tating'ono tomwe timaberekera mwachangu nyengo zotentha.
Utali wamoyo
Mbalame ya akhwangwala
Kuthengo, akhwangwala amakhala zaka 13-16. Kutalika kwa moyo wamtundu wamtundu wamtambo kumatsitsidwa kukhala zaka 10-12. Pakhomo kukhala ndi akhwangwala kumatha kukhala zaka 40 ngakhale 50. Panali nthawi zina pamene chiweto chokhala ndi mbewa chimakhala ndi zaka 70. Ngati khwangwala sikulakwa, azikhala moyo wocheperako.
Chakudya chopanda malire chimatha kubweretsa kunenepa kwambiri kapena kulemera. Kuchokera kudwala, mbalame imafa msanga.
Kuswana
Zodzala, ma kites akuda amafika mu Epulo kuchokera kumayiko akumwera, pomwe malo ena chisanu sichinasungunuke. Zimatha kupezeka osati m'nkhalango, komanso pafupi ndi midzi yakumatauni, nthawi zina zimatha kuwuluka mumzinda wodekha.
Tizilombo timadziwombera tokha, kapena tizingodzaza tomwe timaponyedwa ndi mbalame zina ndikuyenerera kukula. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa chisa sichitha kupitirira mita, ndipo amaonedwa ngati ochepa, ngati kukula kwa mbalamezo. Nyumbayo imakonzedwa pamtengo kapena pathanthwe, lomwe limakhala pamalo okwera mpaka mamita fifitini kuchokera pansi. Tizilombo timateteza nthenga, mapepala, fluff ndi udzu.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nthawi zambiri amatulutsa anapiye awiri kapena atatu amtsogolo.Pakhoza kukhala mazira anayi mu cholumikizira, nthawi zambiri mazira asanu amawonekera. Kukula kwakekulako pang'ono kuposa bokosi lofananira, loyera, looneka ngati buluu. Chipolopolocho chimakhala chokongoletsedwa ndimadontho a bulauni.
Zimatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka kusaka mazira, ndipo makolo amafotokozera nkhawa zawo zonse. Akaswa, amphaka sasiya chisa mpaka masiku makumi anayi ndi asanu, pambuyo pake amatha kuuluka okha. Kutha msanga mu mtunduwu kumachitika pazaka ziwiri. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 25.
Strept
Amatembenukira banja laphokoso. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha ku Tatarstan timakhalanso zisa. Strep ali ndi miyendo yachikaso, utoto wamaso a lalanje komanso mdomo wamtundu womwewo. Khosi la mbalameyo ndi lakuda komanso loyera. Mimba ya m'mimba imakhala yopepuka, ndipo maimidwe ena ndi a bulauni. Mbalameyi ndi yayitali masentimita 44 ndipo imalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu.
Manyazi amapezeka kumapiri a Tatarstan, koma osati kawirikawiri. Malingalirowa amatengeka kuti ndi osangalatsa.
Vipers
Njoka zapoizoni komanso zopanda poizoni zimapezeka ku Stavropol Territory. Chofala kwambiri pakati pa poyizoni ndi njoka. Zitha kupezeka mosayembekezereka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapaki amtawuni kapena minda yakumidzi. Njoka zonse ndizowopsa kwa anthu; kuyitanitsa madokotala ndikuluma ndikofunikira. Mwa njoka zofala kwambiri:
- Njoka wamba - zodzala zosaposa 0.7 m. Zimathirira malo abwino ozizira. Mtundu wamba umatha kukhala wosiyana: kuchokera pautani mpaka njerwa. Zida zosiyanasiyanazo nthawi zambiri zimadutsa thupi lonse. Zowonjezera zathunthu zakuda nthawi zambiri zimasungunuka.
- Steppe Viper - njoka ya theka-mita yomwe imakhala kumapiri, kumapiri kwa mapiri owuma. Mtundu wa njoka ndi imvi. Pamwamba amapaka utoto wakuda kuposa gawo lamkati la thupi. Mtundu wa zigzag umayenderera kumbuyo.
- Njoka ya dinnik ndi njoka yaying'ono, yomwe imangopezeka ku Ciscaucasia ndi Greater Caucasus. Thupi lakumtunda limakhala wachikaso kapena chobiriwira, kapena chofiirira. Mzere wa zigzag, monga njoka zambiri, umakongoletsa msana.
Nyengo yakukhwima m'maluwa imayamba masika. Mazira amaswiridwa m'mimba mpaka mbewu itakhazikika bwino. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, ana amatuluka. Mu ana, nthawi zambiri njoka zazing'ono 5-8 zimakhalapo. Amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pofika nthawi yophukira, njoka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu, zimapeza malo abwino okhala, komwe zimachoka kuti zikhale yozizira.
Yellow-pusik
M'matsatsa omwe akufuna kugula nyama ku Stavropol Territory akutsogolera. Kuphatikiza pa zoweta wamba zachilengedwe ndi zoweta ndi mbalame, nyama zambiri zimatha kukonzekera - buluzi wofanana ndi njoka.
Mtundu wa chikasu umatha kukula mpaka 1.5 m, pomwe kutsogolo kulibe kwathunthu, kulumikizana ndi ma tubercles okha kuchokera ku miyendo yakumbuyo. Buluzi limapakidwa utoto wa azitona popanda mitundu.
M'nyengo yozizira, ziphuphu zachikasu zimagona m'chilengedwe. Ndikayamba masika, abuluzi amasangalala, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba. Mu Meyi-Juni, mazira 6-10 amaikidwa, omwe amawaza ndi gawo lapansi. Akazi amateteza omanga kwa miyezi iwiri mpaka kudzafika m'badwo wachikasu.
Stavropol fauna imapanikizidwa kwambiri ndi chitukuko. Kuti akhazikitse zinthu, malo osungidwa 44 adapangidwa. Pakati pawo pali mabizinesi a zoological, botanical and hydrological lathu. Izi zimatipangitsa kuyembekeza kupulumutsidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo a Stavropol Territory.
Mbalame za Chigawo cha Leningrad
Dera la Leningrad ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi zinthu zina malinga ndi ziphuphu.
Kuphatikiza kwake ndi mzinda waukulu, womwe ndi St. Petersburg, kumakhala zoletsa kwambiri. Sikuti mbalame zonse zomwe sizitengera zachilengedwe;
Komabe, Dera la Leningrad ndi "njira yotumizira" mbalame zosamukasamuka zomwe zimawuluka kuchokera nthawi yachisanu ndikubwerera kuderali.
M'malo osungira a Leningrad, mutha kuwona dokowe wakuda, yemwe m'malo ambiri a Russia amadziwika kuti amwalira.Kadzidzi ndi kokhala ndi ndevu, phalalo ndi loyera, chiwombankhanga choyera, chimbudzi cha mchenga - izi ndi zina mwa mbalame zosowa zomwe zimakhala pano.
Mawu a Raven
Mu chithunzi, khwangwala amapanga mawu
Akhwangwala amakhala ndi mawu okweza, a sonor. Kamvekedwe kotsika. Pali makonsonati amphamvu mu "mawu": "krru", "krun", "kroo", "krro". Phokoso limamveka. Pakukwapulidwa, anyani aamuna amayimba nyimbo zazitali, zazitali. Phokoso loti "karr", "kirr", "krru" limagwirizana ndi kukhosi kummero ndi "mawu", momwe mumamvekanso mawu ena.
Kulira kwa khwangwala ndikosangalatsa, ndi chenjezo. Amamenya ngati belu m'chigawocho, akufanizira mavuto.
Zakudya ndi moyo
Kiti zakuda ndizokanda ndi olusa. Amakonda zotsalira za nyama, zouma padzuwa, nsomba zakufa. Inde, amathanso kusaka, koma ngati pali zovunda, angazikonde. Kwambiri amakonda kuba kwa mbalame zisa mbalame zina. Mbalame zachikulire zimalowetsanso menyu ngati ndizochepa kwambiri pazokha. Komanso mbalamezi zomwe zimakhala ku Tatarstan komanso malo ena ambiri zimatha kuwedza. Amakola nsomba yomwe yayandikira pamwamba.
Kuuluka kwa ma kites ndi kosalala kwambiri, kuyesedwa, iwo amawombera mapiko pang'ono. Mbalamezi zimapindulitsa ulimi, kufafanizira gopher, timadontho, mbewa. Anthu nthawi zonse samawagwiritsa ntchito mokoma, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala atanyamula thukuta, agogo ndi nkhuku.
Chiwerengero cha ma kites
Zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika kwambiri. Asayansi amati izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azachuma komanso mafakitale. Makamaka mbalame zochepa ndizotsalira ku Russia.
Kamodzikamodzi, mitundu yambiri inatsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kukonza zomwe zikuchitika.
Pomaliza
Mbalame za Red Book of Tatarstan zidafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Awa ali kutali ndi mitundu yonse yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha konse. Zidachitika kuti munthu adakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakutayika. Mitundu ina yatha, koma matupi amadzi akupitilirabe kuipitsidwa ndi mafakitale, ndipo palibe amene akulimbana ndi izi. Mbalame za ku Tatarstan, monga mbalame, zikukhala m'malo ena, zimafuna thandizo lathu. Ngati anthu sakuyamba kugwira ntchito yopulumutsa chilengedwe, posachedwa titha kutaya zolengedwa zambiri zothandiza komanso zokongola.