Phokoso losangalatsalo limadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha nkhope yake yayitali ya kavalo komanso zipsepse zamtchire zomwe zimayenda mwachangu. Mwinanso mwapeza doko lam'madzi lomwe laphwetseka ndipo laphwa. Koma kodi ukudziwa mfundo zisanu ndi imodzi ziwirizi?
1. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri zomwe zimasambira pamadzi, nyanjayo imasambira motsutsana kuti itsanze mabango ndi udzu wa nyanja ndikuziteteza kuzilombo. M'malo mwake, mitundu ina ya seahorses, monga raghorse, mbewu zofananira bwino, popeza adasanduka kuwoneka ngati masamba owazungulira.
2. Dzina lachi Latin loti seahorse ndi hippocampus ( Hippocampus ) Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anthu ali ndi gawo laubongo, lomwe limatchedwanso hippocampus, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi seahorse.
3. Awiri oyenda panyanja amaliza “mgwirizano wa ukwati” kwa moyo wonse ndipo amakonda kusambira limodzi, kupotoza michira yawo kuti isatayike wina aliyense pam mitsinje. M'mawa uliwonse, magulu awiri amisodzi amavina limodzi kuti atsimikizire mgwirizano wawo.
4. Mitundu 54 ya seahorses imadziwika. Amasiyana m'miyeso ing'onozing'ono matope am'madzi Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 2,5 okha, mpaka ku seahorse wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Hippocampus abdominalis, Skate Yaikulu 35cm kutalika.
5. Ngakhale kuti siwambiri nyama zolusa zomwe zimasaka nyanjayi, matupi awo okhala ndi matupi amadzipangitsa kuti akhale ovutika kwambiri, mahatchi apanyanja nawonso ndiwodziwa kusaka nyama zazing'ono zazinyama. Skates siosambira anzeru, chifukwa chake amakonda kubisala mu udzu wapanyanja mpaka nyama itasambira, kenako nkuyigubuduza, ndikuyamwa mkamwa.
6. Mdziko la seahorses, wamwamuna amanyamula mwana. Chikazi chimayikira mazira “m'chikwama” chaimphongo, chomwe chimawoneka ngati chikwama cha kangaroo. Pano amathira feteleza ndikukula mpaka amphongo atayamba "kubereka" ndipo osatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikuyenda kunyanja, komwe timakhalako.
Ngati mwazikonda, kanikizani chala chachikulu ndikulembetsa ku njira yathu. Zowonjezeranso chidwi!
Kapangidwe ka seahorses
Kukula kwa nsomba ndi yaying'ono. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 ndipo amawerengedwa ngati chimphona. Ambiri oyenda panyanja amakhala odzichepetsa kukula kwa masentimita 10-12.
Palinso oimira ena amtunduwu - nsomba zazifupi. Makulu awo ndi mamilimita 13 okha. Pali anthu osakwana mamilimita atatu kukula kwake.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, dzina la nsombazi limatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe awo. Pazonse, sizosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti ndi nsomba ndipo si nyama poyang'ana koyamba, chifukwa seahorse ndiyofanana ndi anthu ena a mnyanja.
Ngati mu nsomba zochuluka kwambiri ziwalo zazikuluzikulu zimayikidwa mu mzere wowongoka womwe uli mundege yoyimirira, ndiye kuti mu seahorses zotsutsana ndizowona. Ali ndi ziwalo zazikulu zamthupi. ili mundege yokhazikika, ndipo mutu umalowera kumanja.
Mpaka pano, asayansi afotokoza mitundu 32 ya nsomba. Masiketi onse amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya m'nyanja zotentha. Popeza nsomba izi zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, zimayamikiridwa kwambiri matanthwe a coral ndi pansi pa gombe, wokulira ndi algae, chifukwa kumeneko mutha kubisala kwa adani.
Mawonekedwe a seahorses
Nyanja zimasambira zachilendo kwambiri. Matupi awo uku akusunthira m'madzi mwamphamvu. Malo omwewo amatsimikizika ndi mabedi awiri osambira. Yoyamba imakhala m'thupi lathunthu, ndipo yachiwiri ili pamutu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwira kwachiwiri ndikopepuka kuposa pamimba, komwe kumapereka nsomba malo ofukula m'madzi mukamayenda. M'mphepete mwa madzi, nsomba zimayenda chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa ma fongo ndi zipsepse. Pafupipafupi pamasamba makumi asanu ndi awiri amamenya pamphindi.
Nyanja zimasiyananso ndi nsomba zambiri chifukwa sizikhala ndi masikelo. Thupi lawo tsekani mafupaolumikizidwa mumabhamba. Chitetezo choterocho ndi cholemetsa, koma kulemera kumeneku sikulepheretsa nsomba kuyandama momasuka m'madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbale zamafupa zokutidwa ndi minga zimateteza. Mphamvu zawo ndi zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti munthu athyole ngakhale chigoba chouma ndi manja ake.
Ngakhale mutu wa seahorse uli pamakona a 90 ° kupita ku thupi, nsomba zimangokhoza kusunthira mlengalenga. Mu ndege yopingasa, kusuntha kwamutu ndikosatheka. Komabe, izi sizimabweretsa mavuto ndi kubwereza.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu nsomba izi maso samalumikizana. Skate imatha kuyang'ana ndi maso ake mbali zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi, chifukwa chake amadziwa zakusintha kwachilengedwe.
Mchira wa seahorse ndi wachilendo kwambiri. ndi iye wotupa komanso wosinthika kwambiri. Ndi nyanjayo, nsomba zimamamatira m'makhola ndi mwala pobisala.
Poyang'ana koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti anthu oyenda panyanja samayenera kukhala m'masiku ovuta a m'madzi: iwo wodekha komanso wopanda chitetezo. M'malo mwake, nsomba zidakula mpaka nthawi. Kutha kutsata kunawathandiza pamenepa.
Njira zachisinthiko zapangitsa kuti seahorses ikhale yosavuta phatikiza ndi malo ozungulira. Nthawi yomweyo amatha kusintha mtundu wa thupi lawo, mwina kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. Izi ndizokwanira kuti zilombo zam'madzi zizitha kuzindikira zikopa zikabisala.
Mwa njira, okhala m'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kusintha mtundu wa matupi awo pamasewera a mating. Mothandizidwa ndi "nyimbo zautoto" za thupi, abambo amakopa akazi.
Kodi asodzi amadya chiyani?
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nsomba izi zimadya zomera. Uku ndi malingaliro olakwika. M'malo mwake, nsomba zam'madzi izi, chifukwa chakuwoneka kuti zilibe vuto lililonse komanso ndizovuta kuchita, ndi adani olusa. Zomwe amadya ndi plankton. Artemia ndi shrimp - chithandizo chomwe amakonda.
Ngati mungasamale ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka chikatacho, mutha kuzindikira kuti chimatha ndi kamwa kugwira ngati papa. Nsomba ikaona nyama, imatembenuza pakamwa pake ndikutulutsa masaya ake. M'malo mwake, nsombayo imayamwa nyama yake.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndizowopsa. Amatha kusaka kwa maola 10 motsatizana. Munthawi imeneyi, akuwononga mpaka 3,500 crustaceans. Apa ndipamene kutalika kwa chisankho sikupitilira 1 millimeter.
Zojambula zoweta
Seahorses ndi amodzi monogamous. Ngati okwatirana apanga, sizingasokonezane wina ndi mnzake asanamwalire, zomwe sizachilendo m'dziko lapansi. Koma ndizodabwitsa kwambiri amuna amunaosati akazi.
Zimachitika motere. Pamasewera achikondi, chachikazi, pogwiritsa ntchito papilla yapadera, imayika mazira mu thumba la chipewa. Kubzala kumachitika pamenepo. Kenako, amphongo amabereka ana kwa zaka 20, ndipo nthawi zina masiku 40.
Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, mwachangu wamkulu amabadwa. Ana ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi makolo, koma thupi la mwachangu zowonekera komanso zopanda utoto.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amuna kwa nthawi yayitali atabereka amapitiliza kubereka ana, omwe, pomwepo, amadzilamulira okha.
Mukuyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba izi siziyenera kusungidwa wamba. Masiketi amafunika kupanga njira zapadera kuti apulumuke:
- Muyenera kugula malo am'madzi, omwe kutalika kwake kudzakhala katatu kuposa akulu.
- Madzi mmenemo ayenera kuti akuthamanga.
- Madziwo amayenda kwambiri ndipo samaseseratu nsomba pachomera.
- Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kufanana ndi mawonekedwe a seahorses.
Musaiwale kuti nsomba izi ndizonyansa kwambiri, ndiye madzi am'madzi ziyenera kusefedwa bwino.
Monga mukukumbukira, skates mwachilengedwe zimakonda kubisala kwa zilombo zolusa zakutchire ndi miyala ya matanthwe. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupanga iwo momwemo mu aquarium. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi:
- Ma corals opanga.
- Seaweed.
- Zopangira zida.
- Miyala yosiyanasiyana.
Chofunikira ndichakuti zinthu zonse siziyenera kukhala ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa zomwe zitha kuwononga skate.
Kudyetsa zofunika
Popeza zachilengedwe nsomba izi zimadya pa crustaceans ndi shrimp, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula shrimp yozizira ya Pegas anu ziweto. Dyetsani skates mu aquarium osachepera kawiri pa tsiku. Kamodzi pa sabata mutha kuwachitira ndi chakudya chamoyo:
Nyanja sizingapikisane pomenya nkhondo ndi nsomba zamtopola. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa abwenzi kumakhala kochepa kwa iwo. Makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhono: zosochera, turbo, neurite, trochus, etc. Mutha kuwonjezeranso nkhanu zabuluu kwa iwo.
Pomaliza, tikupereka upangiri umodzi: pezani zidziwitso zonse zokhudzana ndi okhala m'madzi musanayambe gulu lanu loyamba.