Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Subfamily: | Zofanizira zenizeni |
Jenda: | Zikhala (Antilope Pallas, 1766) |
Onani: | Garna |
Garna , kapena nyanga mbendera , kapena sassi , kapena mbawala ya mbawala (lat. Antilope cervicapra) - artiodactyl mamalia kuchokera ku banja la bovids.
Mawonekedwe
Garn ndi anthano ang'ono. Kutalika kwake kufota ndi 60-85 masentimita, kutalika kwa thupi 100-150 masentimita, kulemera kwa makilogalamu 45. Kutalika kwa nyanga zomwe amuna okha ali ndi mpaka masentimita 73. Nyanga za nkhokwe ndizitali, zopyapyala, zopota komanso zokhazokha. Utoto wa amunawo ndi bulauni wa chokoleti, m'mimba, mkati mwa miyendo, chibwano komanso malo ozungulira maso ndi mphuno ndi zoyera. Patsogola, nkhokwe yamphongo imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Mwa akazi, mtundu wa chokoleti walowedwa m'malo ndi wofiyira. Nyama zazing'ono ndizofiyanso pang'ono: zazimuna, mtundu wake wa chovalacho umachita khungu limodzi ndi kukula kwa nyanga zake.
Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo
Pakuyamba kwa nyengo yakukhwima, anyani amalolera magawo awo. Zikatero, mikangano imatha kuyambika pakati pawo, zomwe zimatha ndewu. Wopambana amakhalabe pamtunda, ndipo wotayika amayang'ana kwina. Akazi amayenda m'malo amenewa ndipo gulu lomwe limakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu yamphongo. Mwanjira zonse, gulu la ziweto limatha kuwerengera kuyambira 5 mpaka 50 nyama.
Mayi wamkazi amatenga miyezi 5.5. Monga lamulo, 1 mwana amabadwa. Yaikazi imabereka mu udzu utali. Khungu lake lowala silikhala losaoneka. Mwana amaterera ndikugona mwakachetechete, ndipo amayi ake akumva kulira. Amuna achichepere akuluakulu amasiya amayi awo ndikupanga ng'ombe zosiyana. Ndipo akazi achichepere amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka zitatu. Garn amakhala kuthengo zaka pafupifupi 12. Munthu wazaka zana limodzi amakhala zaka 16.
Jenda: Garnes (Antilope PALLAS, 1766)
Khola, kapena nyanga ya mbira, kapena sassi, kapena mbawala (lat. Antilope cervicapra) ndi nyama yopanda ziboda pakati pa banja la bovine.
Kufalitsa
A Garnes amakhala kumapiri onse am'mapiri a India, koma ochulukirapo ku Pakistan ndi Bangladesh, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Nepal, Myanmar ndi Iran.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, nkhokwe inali ponseponse. Koma chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu, chifukwa chazachuma chake, ambiri oyesa ndege adangosanduka chipululu. Pazifukwa izi, magulu azitsulo otayidwa kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, ma garnas angapo adabwera ku Argentina panthawi yoyesera. Chomwe chinayesedwacho chinali kuphatikiza ndi kusinthira nyamazi kuti zikhale zatsopano. Pakadali pano, pomwe zotsatira za kuyesaku sizili zabwino monga momwe amayembekezerera poyambira.
Masanjidwe
Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhokwe:
- Antilope cervicapra cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) - Garn waku South, dzina lodziwika bwino, laling'ono poyerekeza ndi subspecies yachiwiri, nyanga ndizofupikitsa komanso zochepa, pafupifupi dera lonse la Hindustan, kupatula Western Ghats ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa, kumpoto kwa Nepal, komwe amasungidwa ku Nepal kokha, Bardia National Park,
- Antilope cervicapra rajputanae Zukowsky, 1927 - Rajasthan Garn, wokwera pang'ono pakufota kwa ma subspecies osankhidwa bwino (masentimita 60 mpaka 85), amuna ndi olemerapo pang'ono (mpaka 56 makilogalamu), nyanga za amuna ndi akazi ndizitali komanso zofalikira, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, ku Pakistan, Nepal ndi Bangladesh adathetsedwa, adayambitsa ku Argentina, USA ndi Australia. Kuyesera kukonzanso zinthu kwachitika ku Pakistan ndi ku Nepal.
Khalidwe labwino komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Konzekerani kukhala m'madambo otseguka, ndipo pewani nkhalango. Nyama izi zimathamanga bwino, zimatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 80 pa ola limodzi. Ma antelope aku India amatha kudumpha mpaka mita 2 kutalika mpaka mita 7 kutalika.
Tizilombo tambiri timeneti timasungidwa limodzi zazing'ono kuyambira mitu 1 mpaka 5. Nyamayo imakhala ya akazi ndi ana amuna achichepere, otsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri - wamkulu komanso wamwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri, amene amayang'anitsitsa ana omwe akukula ndipo, kotero kuti palibe mpikisano, amathamangitsa amuna omwe aloledwa.
Amuna achichepere, atayeserera mwayi wawo, koma osapambana mu miyambo yamwambo, monga lamulo, amakhala mamembala osiyana ndi gulu lankhondo.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakubereka, anyani amphaka ali m'gawolo. Pakadali pano, mikangano pakati pa abambo a nkhokwe imatha kuyambitsa nkhondo. Wopambana amatenga gawo, ndipo wotayika amakakamizidwa kuyang'ana kwatsopano. Zachikazi zikafika m'dera lamphongo, zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amphongo ambiri. Zoweta zotere zimatha kukhala 5 mpaka 50.
Mbawala za nyanga ina zimadya udzu. Nyama zimafunikira madzi tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa chake zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kukafunafuna mayiwe. Zochita zimawonekera masana.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi 5.5. Akazi makamaka amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi. Kubadwa kumachitika mu udzu wautali, momwe akazi amakhala osawoneka chifukwa cha kuwala kwa khungu.
Mayi ake akudya msipu, mwana amaterera ndikugona chete. Kutha msanga kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Akazi achichepere sasiya amayi awo moyo wawo wonse, ndipo amuna amachoka ndikupanga ng'ombe zawo. Kuthengo, zifanizo za ku India zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 12, ndipo zolengedwa zazitali zimakhala ndi zaka 16.
Chikumbutso
Wildebeest ndi nyama yaku South Africa. Pokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, imafanana ndi kavalo ndi mutu wa ng'ombe. Mukasinkhasinkha mosamala, mutha kuganiza kuti mawonekedwe ake amatengedwa pazinthu zazing'ono komanso zambiri kuchokera kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana. Zosangalatsa zokhala ndi chingwe ndi mchira, ngati kavalo, mkati mwa khosi pamakhala kuyimitsidwa kwa tsitsi lofanana ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri, ndipo mawuwo amafanana ndi kutsitsa ng'ombe. Nyamayi imakula yayikulu kwambiri, yolemera mpaka 250 makilogalamu, kutalika ndi 1.5 m kutalika - kutalika kwa 2.8. Lilinso ndi nyanga zazitali, zazikulu zomwe zimayang'ana kutsogolo kenako mpaka mbali.
Wildebeest ali ndi miyendo yopyapyala yomwe imakulolani kuti mufikire kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h. Kutengera ndi subspecies, mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka phulusa lakuda. Nyamayi ndi herbivore, motero zimatengera kwambiri nyengo yamvula. Achinyamata amayenera kusamukira kawiri pachaka kukafunafuna chakudya. Zitsamba zambiri zomwe zimasokonekera zikuthamanga zitha kuvulaza chilengedwe, kupondaponda ma kilomita ambiri. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mkatikati mwa Epulo ndipo imatenga milungu itatu kapena inayi. Wamkazi amakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu ya bere. Wildebeest ndi mayi wachikondi komanso wosamala. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ng'ombe yaing'ono (kawirikawiri kwambiri). Ola limodzi lokha atabadwa, amatha kuyenda ndikuthamanga. Pakatha masiku 7- 7, kamphindi kakang'ono kamasanza kale udzu, koma amakana mkaka wa amayi pokhapokha miyezi 7. Sizotheka kuweta nyama izi, koma zimasakidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa nyama yake ndi yokoma kwambiri. Pakazunzidwa modzidzimutsa, nyama zam'madzi zimabalalika mosiyanasiyana. Amaphatikizidwa pazakudya zamkango, mikango, njuchi, ziphuphu ndi nyalugwe. Nthawi zina, nyama zamtchire zimathanso kulimbana ndi ziboda ndi nyanga.
Chamois
Mtengo wa antelope - chamois umasiyana kwambiri ndi zigwa za zigwa. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka ziboda, imayenda bwino pamiyala. Nyamayi ndi yaying'ono kukula, imakula mpaka mita imodzi yokha, ndipo imalemera osaposa 50 kg. Nyanga zimapindika pang'ono mmbuyo ndikufika 25-30 cm.
Chamois imapezeka kumapiri a ku Europe. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba a anthu 15-25, okhala ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi zazikazi zokha. Amuna amakhala okha, ndipo gulu limangokhala lokha nthawi yakukhwima. Nthawi zambiri, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ana amodzi kubadwa pafupi ndi pathanthwe, omwe amangodya mkaka wa amayi awo kwa miyezi itatu. Zaka za moyo wa Chamois zafika zaka 20. Zimasakidwa ndi adani monga chimbalangondo, lynx ndi mimbulu.
Magwero
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garna http://animalwild.net/mlekopitayushhie/345-garna.html
Anuritai ndi amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri ku South America komanso malo okhawo ku Argentina komwe mungapeze nyama 17 za chikwanje cha SCI Book of Records m'gawo limodzi, osatopa kuchoka ku famu imodzi kupita ku ina. ku South America, zigawo zazikulu kwambiri zophatikizidwa mu SCI Book of Record zidapezeka: zifanizo 16 ndizoyambira mu Book of Record pakati pa zifanizo zaku South America, kuphatikiza zifanizo 6 ndi mbiri zaku dziko lonse lapansi. uppu osaka
Moyo
Mbawala zamtchirezi zimakhala m'thumba lalikulu m'madambo, malo opanda nthaka ndi mchere. Samalowa m'malo a nkhalango kapena mapiri. Madera otsika akadzasefukira, nkhokwe nthawi zambiri zimamira. Nthawi zambiri, kuthawa kusefukira kwamadzi, kuthamanga kumapita kumudzi, kutaya kwakanthawi mantha aanthu. Chithaphwi chake chimasinthasintha mosavuta m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Amakhala wolimba, amatha kupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali (ngakhale pakakhala madzi, amamwa pafupipafupi). Garna imatha kuthamanga mpaka 80-96 km / h. Mtunda pakati pa kudumpha kwa nkhokwe ukufika pa 6.6 m. Kutalika kwa nkhokwe kumadumpha ndi mamita 2. Mtengo wopulumutsa wamoyo kuthengo ndi wazaka pafupifupi 12.
17.08.2019
Mtengo wa antelope nkhokwe, kapena deel antelope (lat. Antilopa cervicapra) ndi wa banja la Bovidae. Chiwerengero cha anthu ake ku India mkati mwa zaka za XIX chinawerengeredwa pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Mu 1964, idachepetsedwa kukhala nyama 8,000. Chifukwa cha njira zomwe adatenga, wakwanitsa kubwezeretsa mpaka 50,000 pakadali pano.
Malinga ndi nthano ya Ahindu, imawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yokhazikitsidwa pa galeta la mulungu Krishna. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso galimoto ya mulungu wa mphepo Vayu ndi mulungu wa mwezi Chandra. Ntchito zake zinaphatikizapo kuperekera chakumwa chaumulungu cha soma, chinsinsi cha kukonzekera chomwe chidatayika kale.
Nyama yokhazikika idadyedwa kwambiri munthawi ya chitukuko cha Harappan, chomwe chidalipo mu 3300-1300 BC m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Indus. Mafupa ake, omwe amawathandizira kutentha, adapezeka ndi akatswiri ofukula zakale atafukula mizinda yakale ya Dholavir ndi Mehrharh.
Zizindikiro zakunja za nkhokwe
Garn ndi antelope yaying'ono yokhala ndi thupi lochepera kwambiri kulemera kwa 20-38 kg komanso kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 120. Kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala pafupifupi 0.74 - 0.84 metres.
Amuna ali ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda kumbuyo, kumtunda, m'mphepete ndi kunja kwa miyendo. Kunja kwa thupi ndi miyendo ndizoyera mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa malaya amphongo amdima wakuda akamakula. Pa chibwano ndi malo ozungulira maso pali malo oyera omwe amaonekera kwambiri motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa mikwingwirima yakuda pamphumi.
Utoto wachikazi ndi wachikazi - wachikasu kapena ofiira - bulauni. Amakhalanso ndi mkati mwamiyendo ndi oyera oyera. Amuna amakhala ndi nyanga zopota komanso zokhala ndi 4-5 kutalika 35 mpaka 75 cm. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimakhalanso ndi nyanga. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Ziboda zake ndizochepa thupi ndi m'mphepete. Mtundu wa chovala cha anyani achichepere ndi wofanana ndi wa akazi.
Zokongoletsa ndi chimodzi mwazipangizo zingapo zomwe mitundu ya akazi ndi amuna imakhala yosiyana.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Nyani zodya nyanga za Garn zimadyanso udzu wokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Ku India, amadya mbewu kuchokera ku mabanja a Sedge (Cyperaceae) ndi Cereal (Gramineae), nthawi zina masamba a mthethe ndi zitsamba zaminga.
Ku America, gawo lalikulu la chakudya limakhala ndi mbewu za m'magazi kuchokera ku genus Prosopis (Prosopis) wa banja la legume (Fabaceae) ndi masamba a mitengo yobiriwira (Quercus).
Nyamayi imadyanso zitsamba zomanga thupi zotsika kwambiri m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yamvula ndi nthawi yozizira, m'malo mwake, gawo lawo pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku limawonjezeka kwambiri.
Zodzikongoletsa Ma Habitats
Garna imapezeka m'madambo otseguka ndi malo okhala mapiri okhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala. Pamakhala nkhalango zowala komanso nkhalango zowuma. Nthawi zambiri limapezeka pakati paminda ndi mbewu. Pakati pa zitsamba zowirira ndi m'nkhalango zam'mapiri simakhala. Chifukwa chokayendera pafupipafupi kumalo okuthirira, nkhokwe imakonda malo omwe madzi amapezeka nthawi zonse.
Zochita za khola
Garnes amakhala m'gulu la anthu 5 kapena kuposerapo, nthawi zina mpaka 50. Pamutu wa gululi pali bambo wamkulu m'modzi, yemwe amapanga gulu la akazi achikulire angapo ndi ana awo. Amuna achichepere amatulutsidwa kunja kwa ng'ombe ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadyera limodzi. M'nyengo yotentha, abuluzi amabisala mumthunzi wamitengo. Amachita manyazi kwambiri komanso amasamala.
Garnes amadziwa njira yomwe nyama zimadyera mothandizidwa ndi masomphenyawo, popeza kununkhira ndi kumva kwa matanthwe awa sikukugwira mtima.
Pakakhala zoopsa, nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimalumphira kwambiri ndikupanga mawu wokweza, kuchenjeza gulu lonse. Amtuliti amathawa, akuwonetsa kuthamanga komanso kupirira.
Nthawi yomweyo, zokongoletsera zowoneka bwino pa liwiro la 80 km / h, ndikusunga liwiro ili mukamayenda mtunda wamtunda pafupifupi 15. Kenako, buluyo imayamba pang'onopang'ono kenako nkukhala yakhazikika. Makongole ndi amodzi mwa omwe samathamanga kwambiri.
Kuchulukana kwa ma antelope mdera lomwe munthu angathe kukhala ndi gawo limodzi pa mahekitala awiri. Nthawi yakubzala, anyani amalamulira malo kuyambira kukula kwa mahekitala 1 mpaka 17, kuthamangitsa omenyera, koma kukopa zazikazi kwa akazi. Izi zitha kupitilira sabata ziwiri mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Amphongo amatenga chiopsezo, koma amapewa kuwombana mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito nyanga zakuthwa.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 100-150. Kutalika kwake kufota masentimita 60-85. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi za gazelles (Gazella). Kunja, nyamayi imafanana ndi agwape ndi mbuzi. Amuna ndi okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa zazikazi.
Amuna ali ndi nyanga zozungulira kumaso zomwe zimawongoleredwa pang'ono. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50, okwera masentimita 70. Palibe nyanga zazikazi.
M'magulu onse awiri, thupi lakumunsi, mkati mwa miyendo ndi malo ozungulira maso ndi oyera. Akazi ndi ana aang'ono ndi a bulauni, ndipo amuna achikulire ali ndi mtundu wakuda wonyezimira.
Mpweya wamoyo wa antarope garn anelope mu vivo zaka 12-16.
Kukonzekera
Garnes zimaswana chaka chonse. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba pa Okutobala - Marichi kapena Ogasiti - Okutobala. Pa nthawi yopuma, wamwamuna wamkulu amakhala m'gawolo, kumadutsa malire ndi ndowe m'malo ena. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amakhala mwamwano kwambiri. Amathamangitsa amuna ena onse kuchokera mdera lolamulidwa ndi ziguduli zanthete komanso zokhotakhota pamitu yawo kuloza mdani, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga. Akazi amadya pafupi.
Wamphongo amakopa akazi ndi mwayi wapadera: amakoka mphuno yake ndikuponyera nyanga zake kumbuyo kwake. Amuna ali ndi tiziwalo tating'ono tating'ono, chinsinsi chake ndichofunikira polemba chizindikiro m'deralo ndi zazimadzi zomwe zikulowa m'nyumba ya akazi. Yaikazi imatenga kamwana kamodzi kapena kawiri kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Agalu achinyamata amatha kutsatira makolo awo akangobadwa kumene.
Pakatha miyezi 5-6, amadzidyetsa okha. Ali ndi zaka 1.5 - 2 zaka amatha kubereka. Antelope amatha kukhala ndi malata awiri pachaka. Mwachilengedwe, nkhokwe zimakhala zaka 10-16, nthawi zambiri mpaka 18.
Garn Conservation Status
Garn ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya anyani. Pakadali pano pali magulu ochepa a awa osazindikira, omwe amabalalika makamaka m'malo otetezedwa. M'zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa anthu akuda kunachepa kwambiri chifukwa chosaka kwambiri, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuyesera kudalitsa nkhokwe ku Argentina, koma kuyesaku sikunapereke zotsatira zabwino.
Posachedwa, chifukwa cha zomwe zachitidwa kuti ateteze antelope osowa, chiwerengero chakwera kuchoka pa anthu 24,000 kufika pa 50,000.
Komabe, malo okhala osapembedza nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwopsezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ku India, kuwonjezeka kwa chiweto ndi mafakitale omwe akutukuka madera. Chifukwa chake, nkhokwe zidasowa kale ku Bangladesh, Nepal ndi Pakistan.
Zokongoletsa ndi chithunzi chosowa komanso chosangalatsa.
Ma antelope osowa kwambiri amakhala m'malo a Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra ndi Gujurat. Ngakhale kuti nkhokwe zidasowa kumadera ena chifukwa chakusakazidwa kwa malo okhala chifukwa chosintha malo kukhala malo olimapo, ziwerengero zawo zikuchulukirachulukira m'malo ambiri otetezedwa, makamaka m'maboma a Rajasthan ndi Haryana.
M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa antelope kwachuluka kwambiri kotero kuti kumawerengedwa ngati tizirombo ta mbewu za manyuchi ndi mapira.
Alimi ambiri amasaka misampha ndikusaka nkhokwe kuti asunge mbewu. Komabe, nkhokwe imatetezedwa ndi lamulo ku India. Imapezeka m'malo ambiri otetezera, kuphatikizapo Velavadar Sangment ndi Calimere Nature Reserve. Garn imayang'aniridwa ndi CITES, Zowonjezera III. IUCN imatengera mtundu wa antelope uwu ngati uli pangozi.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .
ANTILOPA GARNA (Antilope cervicapra) - woyimira yekhayo wa mtundu womwewo, woyamba kufotokozedwa ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe Pallas mu 1766. Imakhala kokha pagawo la India ndi Pakistan, nthawi zambiri limakhala m'malo okhala zipululu komanso miyala, komanso kupewa malo osungirako mitengo ndi nkhalango.
Garn ndi antelope yaying'ono: kutalika kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 120, kufota - 75-85 masentimita, kulemera kumasiyana pakati pa 32 - 45 kg. Nyanga, zomwe ndi amuna amuna okhaokha, zimakhala zazitali masentimita 75, ndipo zimapindika m'njira zinayi. Kutalika konse, zophuka za pachaka zilipo.
Mtundu wa nyama ukusiyana, ndipo umasiyana malinga ndi jenda.
Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi mimba yoyera, mkati mwa miyendo, makutu, ndi mawanga mozungulira maso. Koma mbali za akazi, mutu ndi thupi lakumwambako zimakhala zofiirira, pomwe zamphongo ndizofiirira, chokoleti. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anyamata achichepere ndi opepuka komanso amdima ndi zaka, komanso kukula kwa nyanga.
Live garn anthope gulu la ziweto kuyambira anthu 5 mpaka 50. Nyamayo imakhala yaimuna wamkulu, wamkazi ndi ana awo. Amuna achichepere akukula amathamangitsidwa kunja kwa ng'ombe. Nyamazo zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa komanso nthawi yamadzulo, masana zimapuma mthunzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, zikaopsezedwa, nthawi zina amakuwa. Mphamvu ya kununkhira ndi kumva sizinakhazikike bwino, kotero zimadalira kwambiri masomphenyawo kuti awone zoopsa.
Kuchokera kwa ogwidwa, kuphatikiza nyalugwe ndi agalu osochera, herbivore amathawa, akukhala nthawi yomweyo othamanga mpaka 80-90 km / h, ndikudumpha mpaka mita 6.5. Chingwe chimatha kupitilira mayendedwe ake kwakanthawi.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yofunda, kukhwima pa nkhokwe kumapitilira chaka chonse, ndi nsonga kumayambiriro kwa kasupe komanso koyambilira kwa nyengo yophukira. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, amalemba chizindikiro m'derali ndi ndowe ndi tiziwalo tating'ono tomwe tili pafupi ndi maso.
Kulimbana kwambiri pakati pa okwatirana kumakhala kofala kwambiri, komwe nthawi zina nyanga zimathyoka. Wotayika amachotsedwa mnyumbayo, wopambana pa nkhondoyi amapanga mawu osamveka, kuponya mutu wake ndikumugwira kumbuyo ndi nyanga.
Mimba imatenga miyezi 5.5 pafupifupi, pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri, mwana mmodzi amalemera 3.5,5 kg. Posakhalitsa amatha kuthamanga, koma nthawi yoyamba yomwe amakhala mu udzu, kubisala ndi kubisala kwa adani. Pazaka ziwiri zokha, mwana wakhanda amayamba kudziimira payekha, koma amafika pakutha msinkhu wazaka chimodzi ndi theka zokha.
KULAMBIRA. Kutalika kufota 55-65 masentimita (22-25 mainchesi). Kulemera 35-50 kg (75-110 mapaundi), avareji pafupifupi 40 kg (90 mapaundi). Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna.
Wocheperako, wachisomo, wowoneka bwino kwambiri antelope wokhala ndi mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera. Mwa akaunti zonse, iyi ndiye yokongola komanso yokongola kwambiri kuposa ma gazelles onse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazithunzi zingapo zomwe zapangira kukongola kwa kugonana mwa mitundu. Mbali yakumtunda ndi mbali yakumunsi ya miyendo mwa amuna akuluakulu imakhala yodzala, yofiirira, nthawi zina imakhala yakuda, ndipo gawo lotsika, mbali yamkati yamiyendo ndi zozungulira mozungulira maso ndizosiyanitsidwa koyera. Zachikazi, motere, ndi zachikaso zakuda ndi zoyera. Amuna achichepere amakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi waakazi, akamakula amakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhwima kwathunthu, komwe kumachitika zaka 4-5
(modabwitsa, amuna ena samachita khungu, ngakhale ali ponseponse). Nyanga (mwa amuna okhaokha) ndizitali, zokhala ndi mphete zogwirizana, zopindika mokhazikika, zokhala ndi kutembenukirana kwa 3-5.
CHIKHALA. Nyama ya pagulu, yopanga ng'ombe zazikulu zosakanikirana zazimuna ndi zazikazi, palinso magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi amuna akulu akulu amphongo ndi abambo achimuna. Amamadya kwambiri njere, koma nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kudya nthambi zamitengo ndi tchire. Yogwira tsiku lonse, koma nthawi yotentha masana, kupumula pamthunzi. Nthawi zambiri amakonda malo otseguka, koma amapezeka munkhalango zowirira. Pa nyengo yakubala, abambo amakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, lomwe amalemba ndi kuteteza kwa amuna anzawo. Matenga amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma nsonga za zipatso zimachitika mu Marichi-Epulo ndi Ogasiti-Okutobala, ng'ombe yokhayo mwa mkazi imabadwa pambuyo pa miyezi 6 yapakati. Zimachitika kuti akazi ena amakhala ndi ana atatu kwa zaka ziwiri. Wochenjera kwambiri, wamaso akuthwa. Imathamanga kwambiri, ndikupanga kuthamanga kwa 80-88 km pa ola limodzi. Ku India, amatha kuthawa mosavuta ndikumamufunafuna ndi greyhound, kuthawa ngakhale ndi mapeche ophunzitsidwa kusaka, ngati atha kuthawa kuponya kwawo koyamba. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo - mpaka 1blet.
KULEKA. Malo otseguka, komanso zitsamba zaminga ndi nkhalango zowuma.
KUFALITSA. Eastern Pakistan ndi India. Kuphatikiza pa Asia, chithunzi cha India chimakhazikitsidwa kuArgentina ndi Australia, m'malo omwe amakhala ku United States.
MALANGIZO A TAXONOMIC. Ellerman ndi Morrison-Scott (Ellerman & Morrison-Scott) andandalani ma subspecies anayi: A. p. cervicapra, A. p. rupicapra (United States), A. p. rajputanae (Rajahstan ndi Punjab) ndi A. s. chapakati. Apa tikuwayang'ana limodzi.
MALANGIZO. Kuthengo, imakhala kumapiri a India ndi Pakistan, komwe mpaka zaka zambiri zapitazo kunali kosadziwika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake kudafika mitu pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Wokondedwa wokondedwa wa a Maharaj, omwe anamusaka ndi mfuti, kumuyendetsa mothandizidwa ndi mimbulu yophunzitsidwa bwino. Amakhala amtengo wapatali ngati nyama komanso nyama yapamwamba. Chinthu chosangalatsa chosaka masewera, chifukwa chimakhala chosamalitsa komanso chamanyazi.
ZITSANZO ZA ZINSINSI. Chojambulachi ndi cha S.J. McElroy, yemwe adatenga nkhokwe mu February 1969 ku India. Yolembedwa ndi SCI Book of Record.
Chithunzi Piet Grobler
Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) - imodzi mwalamulo lalikulu kwambiri ku Africa. Chovala cha nyama zokongola izi ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima 6-10 yoloza mthupi. Nyani zazimuna, nyanga zooneka mozungulira zazitali pafupifupi 1.5 mita zimamera pamitu yawo.
Chithunzi Matumba Mabatani
Kudu amavala nyanga zake zapamwamba modzitukumula, ndipo nthawi zina amaziwonetsa mwamphamvu kwa mnzake. Mdani akangoyesa kuzungulira chimbalangondo, nyanjayo imatembenuzanso nyanga zake. Ndipo gulu laling'ono la antelopes litapuma podyera, limagona paudzu mwapadera: monga kupanga nyenyezi yayikulu, nthawi zonse kuyang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana kuti asaphonye zoopsazo.
Dikdik wamba
Dikdik wamba (Madoqua kirkii) ndi kanjira kakang'ono komwe kamakhala m'nkhalango za East Africa. Kutalika kwa nyamayo sikupita masentimita 40, ndipo dikdik imatha kukwana m'manja mwa munthu.
Antelopes adalandira dzina lawo chifukwa chofuula kwambiri "chilombo chamtchire." Amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo oyimba kuti apeze mnzawo kapena kuchenjeza abale awo za mdani.
Antelope Dibatagh
Malo omwe amakonda dibatag (Ammodorcascackei) ndipamalo okhala ndi mchenga wokhala ndi zitsamba zobalalika ndi udzu womera kumapiri owuma. Chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa kwambiri cha mabata a dibatag chimakhala chokha kudera la Ogaden kum'mawa kwa Ethiopia komanso kumadera oyandikira kumpoto ndi pakati pa Somalia.
Saiga kapena saiga
Mitundu yangozi saiga kapena saiga (Saiga tatarica). Ma Saigas amapanga ng'ombe 30 30. Komabe, munthawi ya kusamuka, makumi masauzande a saigas adzayendera limodzi, yomwe ndi gawo limodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Beira Antelope
Beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) ndi anyani ochepera omwe amangokhala m'dera laling'ono lomwe limafalikira kumpoto kwa Somalia ndi Djibouti. Ndi thupi kutalika kwa 80 cm ndi kulemera kwa 10 kg, beira imapangidwa utoto wofiirira. Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi nyanga zazitali masentimita 9 ndi owongoka. Kukhazikika kwa anyaniwa ndi mwala. M'madera okhala m'mapiri, ma bulu amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a nyama zisanu ndi ziwiri, zomwe zimakhala m'magulu amuna.
Antelope Griesbock
Ngakhale grisbock (Raphicerus melanotis) ndizofala kwambiri kumadera a South Africa, ochepa komanso achinsinsi, ndizosowa. Grisbock nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku ndipo amadalira kununkhira kwakuya ndi kumva kuti azitha kuyenda mosatekeseka komanso bwino usiku. Masana, amapumula, nthawi zina amagwira ntchito molawirira m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Roe Antelope, kapena Pelea
Roe Antelope, kapena Pelea (Pelea capreolus) wokhala ku South Africa. Ili ndi kutalika kwa 1.15 mpaka 1.25 m ndipo kulemera kwa 20 mpaka 30 kg. Roe deer antelope imagwira ntchito masana, kuyesera kupumula mumthunzi masana. Ma anelopewa amatha kupanga mitundu iwiri yamagulu. Yoyamba imakhala yaikazi ndi imodzi yamphongo yayikulu (nthawi zambiri nyama pafupifupi 8, koma imatha kufikira 30). Gulu lina lazachikhalidwe limakhala ndi amuna amodzi okha. Pakukhwima, ndewu zapakati pa amuna akuluakulu ndi amuna okhaokha zimachitika, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'modzi mwa omwe akuchita nawo nkhondowo amatha kuphedwa.
Chikumbutso
Chikumbutso (Connochaetes taurinus), yomwe imakonda kupezeka kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Africa kuyambira ku Kenya kupita kummawa kwa Namibia, imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zitsamba zowongoka mpaka kumapiri otsegulira madzi osefukira. Komabe, nsombazi zikuwoneka kuti zimakonda ma savannas ndi zigwa zomwe zili ndi udzu womera mwachangu, komanso dothi lomwe lili ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kulemera kwa zinyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zimachokera ku 118 kg mpaka 270 kg. Amuna achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima kuposa akazi. Zinyama zamtchire zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamapewa ndi kumbuyo. Amakhalanso ndi ndevu ndi ndevu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .
Jenda: Garnes (Antilope PALLAS, 1766)
Khola, kapena nyanga ya mbira, kapena sassi, kapena mbawala (lat. Antilope cervicapra) ndi nyama yopanda ziboda pakati pa banja la bovine.