M'banja la abuluzi pamagulu amtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu ndi buluzi wamamba. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa akulukulu pakati pa abale ake ndipo amagawika magawo 7. Amakhala kumwera ndi Southeast Asia. Awa ndi India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Mala Peninsula, zilumba za Indonesia. Oimira nyamazo amakhala pafupi ndi madzi ndipo amaonedwa ngati nyama zapamadzi.
Mawonekedwe
Izi zokwawa zimakula moyo wonse. Kutalika kwa achikulire ndi 1.5-2 m.Yamphi yayikulu kwambiri inagwidwa ku Sri Lanka. Kutalika kwake kunali 3.21 mamita.C kulemera kwakukulu kumafika 20 kg. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Mutu ndi wautali komanso wosalala. Pamaso pake pamakhala maburashi oteteza. Thupi limakhala lolimba, mchira umakhala wautali komanso wamphamvu, woponderezedwa pambuyo pake. Mtundu wakuda ndi wakuda ndi mawanga achikaso ndi mawanga kumbuyo. Amapangidwa m'mizere. Mimba ndi yachikasu. Pa mchira, kusintha mikwingwirima yachikaso ndi yakuda kumawonedwa. Masamba osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena ndi akuda kwathunthu.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kukula mwakugonana mwa amuna kumachitika ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mita 1. Akazi okhwima akakula mpaka 50c. Nthawi yakuberekana ili mu Epulo - Okutobala. Pakadali pano, ndewu zachikhalidwe zimachitika pakati pa amuna onse pamtunda komanso pamadzi. Mu clutch pali mazira 16-20. Zachikazi zimaziyika munyenje ya mitengo, m'miyala ikuluikulu kapena m'maenje. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Yaikazi imamvetsetsa pamene ana ake azikaswa. Amawoneka pafupi ndi zomangamanga ndipo amathandiza abuluzi achinyamata kutuluka. Amangokwera mitengo ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali pakati pa masamba. M'tchire, buluzi wamamba wamtchire amakhala zaka 10-11.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Izi zokwawa zimasambira kwambiri. Madzi kwa iwo amatengedwa ngati chinthu wamba. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi malo osungira. Amatha kusaka pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 10. Kumbani maenje angapo akuya. Mabulu akhama kwambiri m'mawa. Pakutentha amabisala m'madzi kapena pamakona a mitengo. Pakachitika ngozi, dzitetezeni pogwiritsa ntchito michira, nsagwada ndi zibwano. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nsomba, achule, nkhanu, njoka, mbalame, makoswe. Akamba, ana amphaka ndi mazira amphaka amadyedwa. Oimira amtunduwu samanyoza komanso kunyongedwa. Amapha ndi kudya njoka zaululu, komanso nsomba zazikulu za mumtsinje.
Malo osungira
Chiwerengerochi ndichotetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Hong Kong ndi Nepal. Ku Malaysia, buluzi wamamba wamtali amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakuthengo zambiri. Ku Thailand, adayikidwa ngati mtundu wotetezedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, izi zokwawa zimasakidwa chifukwa cha zikopa zawo ku India. Zikopa mpaka 1.5 miliyoni za zikopa izi zimatumizidwa ku United States, Japan ndi Europe nthawi zonse kuti zikapangidwe. Anthu akumenekonso amadya nyama. Ku Sri Lanka, anthu am'derali akuyesera kuti asakhudze oimira amtunduwu, chifukwa amawononga nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zomwe zimakhala m'minda ya mpunga. Mwambiri, momwe zinthu ziliri ndi chiwerengero sizimayambitsa nkhawa yayikulu.
Kufotokozera
Buluzi wa mizere yoluka imatha kutalika mpaka 3 metres, koma mwa anthu okhwima kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi sikopitilira 1.5 metres. Khosi lawo limakhala lalitali komanso lumo. Mphuno pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa mphuno. Mchira wake pambuyo pake umakanikizidwa ndipo umakhala ndi dorsal keel. Zishango zomwe zili pamutu pake ndizazikulu kuposa kumbuyo. Mtundu wa buluzi wamizeremizere wamtambo ndi wakuda kapena wakuda, wokhala ndi mawalo achikaso kumunsi. Monga lamulo, ndi zaka, mawanga achikaso amakhala ochepa.
Dera
Buluzi wokhala ndi mizera ndi umodzi mwa buluzi wodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Asia, ndi malo okhala m'malo okhala pafupi ndi madzi kuchokera ku Sri Lanka, India mpaka Indochina ndi Peninsula ya Malaysia, komanso kuzilumba zosiyanasiyana za Indonesia.
Malo achilengedwe
Buluzi wamizeremizere wam'madzi amakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi ndipo umakhala malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Buluzi wokhala ndi zingwe kumatha kuthana ndi mathirakiti akuluakulu amadzi, omwe amafotokoza kufalikira kwake.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Buluzi wamizeremizere wam'manja amakhala ndi moyo wachizolowezi, ndipo amatha kudya nyama iliyonse yomwe angathe kuthana nayo. Zomwe amadya ndizo: mbalame, mazira, zinyama zazing'ono (makamaka makoswe), nsomba, abuluzi, achule, njoka, ng'ona zazing'ono ndi akambuku. Amadziwika kuti buluzi wamamba owongoka, ngati buluzi wa Komodo, amatha kukumba mitembo ya anthu ndi kuwawononga.
Njira yayikulu yosaka yomwe buluzi amagwiritsa ntchito imakhala yodziwikiratu pofunafuna ndi kusaka, m'malo momangotsatira. Izi ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri zokhala ndi minyewa yamiyendo yamphamvu. Pakusaka anthu okhala m'madzi, buluzi wamamba amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa theka la ola.
Khalidwe
Khalidwe la buluzi wamizeremizere limafanana ndi la iguana wobiriwira. Akamaopsezedwa ndi njoka zowopsa (mwachitsanzo, mfumu cobra), amakwera mtengo wokhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu. Akakwera mtengo, koma zoopsezo zikupitilizabe, wowunika azilumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi kufikira itakhala yotetezeka.
Kuswana
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Nyengo yobereketsa imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka Okutobala. Komabe, ma testes abambo ndi akulu mu Epulo, ndipo akazi ndi omwe amatha kutengeka, kotero mwayi wa umuna kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakubereka ndiwokwera kwambiri.
Zachikazi zazikulu zimatulutsa mazira ambiri kuposa ang'ono. Mazira nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'matanda owola kapena mu stump.
Kukula kwachuma kwa munthu: Zabwino
Zikopa za buluzi yoluka mikwingwirima imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mapuloteni azakudya pam miyambo yamwambo, mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso kusoka katundu wachikopa. Kutulutsa kwachaka kwa zikopa zoluka zamtambo kumatha kufika zikwizikwi zikwizikwi zikuluzikulu, makamaka zamalonda achikopa. Kukula kwakuthupi kwapakatikati kumakondedwa chifukwa khungu lamabulu akulu owoneka bwino limakhala lolimba komanso losakongola. Pali malonda ochepa pama buluzi okhala ndi mizera, koma siabwino kwa eni ake ambiri.
Chitetezo
Ngakhale malonda azikopa, buluzi wamamba wamizere ndi ena mwa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi kwambiri. Pali lingaliro kuti zazikazi zazikulu, zomwe zimatulutsa mazira ambiri, zimapewe malonda a zikopa, chifukwa cha khungu losayenera.
Mzere wowonera buluzi moyo
Izi buluzi younikira amatha kusambira bwino, amakhala pafupifupi theka moyo wawo m'madzi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamabulu am'madzi kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa ngalande, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakumana osati m'madzi oyera okha, komanso kunyanja. Madzi atha kukhala mphindi 20, koma nthawi zambiri amizidwa kwa mphindi 10. Buluzi wokhala ndi mikwingwirima imakhalanso munkhalangoyi.
Buluzi wokhala ndi zingwe ndi chinyama cham'madzi chomwe chimakhala nthawi yambiri m'madzi.
Ngati buluzi wamizeremizere wam'madzi ali pangozi, imabisala m'madzi, ndipo imatha kulowa m'madzi kuchokera kumtunda waukulu.
Buluzi wamiyala yoluka imakumbanso zingwe zakuya mpaka mamita 10. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka zikuyenda m'mitengo yayitali. Amagona m'matenje akulu kapena m'madzi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitentha kwambiri.
Masana dzuwa likawala, buluzi wamizeremizere imabisala m'madzi kapena pamthunzi. Amasaka m'mawa kapena masana, pomwe kutentha kumatsika.
Zakudya za buluzi yolumikizidwa
Izi buluzi amazionera zakudya zosiyanasiyana: invertebrates ndi ang'onoang'ono vertebrates. Ana abuluzi okhala ndi mikwingwirima amadya tizilombo tambiri, ndipo zakudya za achikulire zimakhala: nsomba, njoka, achule, akambuku, abuluzi, mazira, mbalame, makoswe, agalu ang'ono, anyani, ana a agwape. Amathanso kudya zotayira komanso chakudya.
Mabuluzi okhala ndi zingwe amatha kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa theka la ola popanda mavuto.
Ku Sri Lanka, abuluzi amenewa amadya nkhanu zamadzi zomwe zimakhala m'minda ya mpunga, potero zimathandizira paulimi, chifukwa chake zimawoneka ngati nyama zofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri buluzi yemwe amakhala ndi mivi nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi njoka zapoizoni, mwachitsanzo, nkhanu, asanaukire njokayo, polojekitiyo imadikira kwakanthawi mozungulira, njokayo ikatopa, wolondayo amamugwedeza kwambiri ndikuigwira mutu. Atagwira njokayo, buluzi imayimenya pansi ndi mitengo mpaka njokayo itasiya kusuntha.
Mitundu ya buluzi yolumikizidwa
Pali mitundu ingapo 5 yamabuluzi oyang'anira mizere:
- Varanus salvator bivittatus. Ziwombankhanga zamtunduwu zimangokhala pachilumba cha Indonesia. Awo ndi akulu komanso achikuda kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi sikoposa masentimita 150,
- Varanus salvator andamanensis. Buluzi amene amaonerera amakhala ku zilumba za Andaman. Maonekedwe awo ndi mtundu wakuda kwathunthu,
- Varanus salvator macromaculatus. Ziwombankhanga zamtunduwu ndizokulirapo,
- Varanus salvator salvator. Kwawo kwa oyang'anira awa Sri Lanka,
- Varanus salvator ziegleri. Subspecies iyi ndi yatsopano kwambiri, idatsegulidwa mu 2010.
Zingwe zowunika za abuluzi komanso anthu
Zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuchokera ku khungu la mizere yoluka yamizere. Anthu akumaloko amadya mafuta ndi nyama ya nyama zotsalazo.
Masewera a buluzi wamizeremizere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyambo yamiyambo; Malovu a nyama izi adasakanikirana ndi malovu a Gorbonosov moth and tomber. Kusakaniza uku kunali kuwiritsa m'mutu wa munthu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Miyeso
Buluzi wa mizere yoluka ndi imodzi mwa buluzi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo, nthawi zina, imatha kutalika masentimita 250 mpaka 300. Mwachilengedwe, abuluzi akuluakulu kwambiri amtunduwu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 20, mwina mpaka 25 kg - uwu ndi buluzi wolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa Komodo yang'anira buluzi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zotalika masentimita 150-200 ndipo sizimaposa 15 kg. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakula komanso amakula kuposa akazi.
Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri wamizeremizere amakhala ochokera ku Malaysia (subspecies Varanus salvator macromaculatus,, komwe toyesa nthawi zina zimapezeka kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira woposa 250 cm (pali zambiri zosatsimikizika pa bulu wa 321 cm kutalika). Anthu akuluakulu amapezekanso ku Thailand, koma m'malo ena, buluzi wowunika amakhala wocheperako, buluzi wamkulu kwambiri wopezeka ku Java anali ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 210 cm, ku Sri Lanka - 200 cm, ku Sumatra ndi Bara India - 203 cm, ndipo kokha pafupifupi 150 cm pachilumba cha Flores (subspecies Varanus salvator bivittatus) Amuna 80 ophedwa chifukwa chogulitsa zikopa ku Sumatra anali ndi kulemera pafupifupi 3.42 kg, kutalika kwake kuchokera kumapeto kwa mphuno mpaka kwa dressaca a 56.6 masentimita ndi kutalika konseku 142 cm, pomwe azimayi 42 anali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa 3.52 makilogalamu, kutalika kwake kuchokera kumapeto kwa mphuno kupita paola ya 59 masentimita ndi kutalika konse kwa 149.6 cm. Mwa abuluzi amenewa, ena mwa iwo anali kulemera 16 mpaka 20 kg. Kafukufuku wina ku Sumatra, wolemba omwewo, amanenanso kulemera kwa zoyerekeza zina pa 20 kg, pomwe kulemera kwakukulu kwa anthu akuluakulu kumakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi 7.6 kg.
Adani achilengedwe
Buluzi wamamba owongoka-taya ali ndi adani ochepa zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ndipo m'malo ena amathanso kuwaona ngati mdani wamkulu kwambiri. Komabe, nyama zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kugwiriridwa ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimakwanira, kuphatikizapo abale awo okalamba. Adani akuluakulu a buluzi wamkulu wamamba ndi ming'alu ndi miyala yayikulu, koma ma cobras amfumu yayikulu ndi mapake agalu osochera kapena owopsa amathanso kuopsa. Ku Sundarbana, nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi akambuku a Bengal, amakakamizidwa kuti ayang'ane zakudya zina. Munthawi ina, otter wokhala ndi tsitsi losalala adawombera ndikupha buluzi wamtali wa 110-120 cm, koma sizikudziwika ngati kuukira kumeneku kunali kwachilengedwe. Buluzi wa a Komodo amakumana ndi abuluzi okhala ndi mizera ku Flores ndipo nthawi zina amadyanso limodzi ndi mitembo ya nyama zomwe zafa pafupi ndi madzi, zimathanso kuwaukira. Podziwa izi, abuluzi amizeremizere nthawi zambiri amachoka m'malo operekera nyama m'mene matupi anyama atha. Ngakhale abuluzi a Komodo ang'ono kwambiri amatha kukankhira buluzi wamkulu pamizere.
Buluzi wokhala ndi zingwe siwokhala wankhanza ngati mitundu ina yayikulu ya abuluzi. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kuthana ndi wotsutsa, nthawi zambiri amayesera kuti athawe kwa iye, ngakhale kulowa pansi pamadzi ngati kuli kotheka. Thupi lotayirira ndi mutu wocheperako, wopanda nkhawa umamupangitsanso kuti asakhale wolimbirana bwino. Komabe, ikalumidwa kapena kudabwitsidwa, buluzi wamamba uja amenya ankhandowo ndi mchira wolemera, kuwombako komwe kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri komanso kupweteketsa ena. Ngati izi sizithandiza, buluzi wowongolera amagwiritsa ntchito mano ndi zibwano zake.
Mtengo wamunthu
Chikopa cha buluzi yolumikizira zinthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nyama ndi mafuta amadyedwa ndi anthu wamba. M'madera ena a Thailand, nyama yamtchireyi imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yoyipa ndipo dzina lake mu Thai limamveka ngati chipongwe ("เหี้ Thai", kapena mopanda chipongwe - "ตัว กิน กินก่ก่", kwenikweni - "wadyera nkhuku"). Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti abuluzi owunika mizera nthawi zambiri amafunafuna zakudya pafupi ndi malo okhala ndipo amatha kuthana ndi nkhuku, amphaka, nkhumba ndi agalu.
Kuwona kuwopsa, buluzi wamizeremizere kumakhala koopsa kwa anthu. Kuvulala kochititsidwa ndi abuluzi amenewa, malinga ndi malipoti ena, kunakhala chifukwa cha imfa. Wogwiritsa ntchito malo osungira nyama ku United States adawonongeka ndi buluzi wamkulu wamizere. Munthawi ina, kuukira kwa mwana wakhanda wazaka 8 kudalembedwa. Guinness Book of Record limafotokoza zaumboni woti apolisi awiri ndi m'busa wogwira ntchito ku Germany adawomberedwa ndi buluzi wamkulu kwambiri wamizeremizere ku Peninsula ya Malaysia.
M'mayiko ena a ku Asia, buluziyu amachita nawo miyambo. Buluzi wamizeremizere wamtengatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera kwa poizoni wovuta yemwe amatchedwa "scavenger". Munaphatikizaponso arsenic ndi magazi a njoka zapoizoni: Indian cobra (Naja naja), unyolo wa njoka (Daboia russelii), mothpback moth (Hypnale Hypnale) Zomwe zimagwira poizonizi zinali zodyeka zam'madzi komanso njoka, ndipo abuluzi amayang'anira gawo la nyama zosamvetsetseka pakukonzekera kwake. Poizoni adaphikidwa m'chigoba chamunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, abuluzi adamangidwa pamoto kuchokera mbali zitatu ndikumenyedwa. Buluzi yemwe wakwiya uja anakuwa, kwinaku ngati akuwotha moto, ndipo malovu otuluka pakamwa pa abuluzi anasonkhanitsa ndikuwonjezera poizoni.
Gulu
Onani Varanus salvator amatanthauza chikhalidwe Soterosaurus ndikupanga ma subspecies angapo:
- Varanus salvator andamanensis - amakhala kuzilumba za Andaman, ndi zakuda kwathunthu.
- Varanus salvator bivittatus - yogawidwa kuzilumba za Indonesia kuchokera Java kumadzulo kupita ku Timor kummawa, kagulu kakang'ono, kowoneka bwino.
- Varanus salvator salvator - amakhala ku Sri Lanka kokha.
- Varanus salvator macromaculatus - yogawidwa magawo otsalawo amitunduyi, kupatula zilumba zingapo kum'mawa (penyani abuluziwo kuchokera pamenepo ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha taxonomic), ma subspecies akulu kwambiri.
Masamba omwe adasiyanitsidwa kale Varanus salvator komaini, wakuda kwambiri utoto komanso wofala ku Thailand, tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi wofanana Varanus salvator macromaculatus.
Kuti muwone Varanus salvator Monga mtundu, mitundu ingapo yofananira idaganizidwanso m'mbuyomu, yomwe imadziwika kuti mitundu yosiyana ndipo, pamodzi ndi buluzi wamizeremizere, imapanga gulu la mitundu Varanus salvator.
Maonedwe a Gulu Varanus salvator:
- Varanus cumingi - kale Varanus salvator cumingi
- Buluzi wammizereVaranus salvator)
- Varanus marmoratus - kale Varanus salvator marmoratus
- Varanus nuchalis - kale Varanus salvator nuchalis
- Varanus togianus - kale Varanus salvator togianus