Mitambo yofiirira, kapena California boa (Lichanura trivirgata) amagawidwa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States (San Diego ku California, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumpoto kwa Mojave Desert komanso kum'mawa kwa Sonora, Arizona: madera kumpoto kwa Gila River) komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mexico. Chimakhala m'malo owuma omwe adakutidwa ndi zitsamba, canyons, chaparral, zipululu komanso mapiri. Njoka izi zimapezeka pamtunda wamtunda wa 2000 m pamtunda wa nyanja, ndipo zimakonda malo otsetsereka akumwera a mapiri ndi malo pafupi ndi magwero amadzi.
Kufotokozera
Choyimira-chingwe cha bale ina yopyapyala chimakhala ndi thupi lofooka, mchira wamfupi wakuda, wokumbira kumapeto. Mutu wake ndi wopapatiza, wocheperako pang'ono kuposa khosi lake. Makala a Dorsal osaya. Maso ndi ochepa, mwana ndi womasuka. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba pali mano 1440 (pafupifupi 17). Amuna ndi ochepa kukula kuposa akazi, ndipo ma spurs awo amawonekera kwambiri.
Chojambula chachikulu thonje lofiirira - Mikwingwirima itatu yakuda bii (kuyambira wakuda, bulauni mpaka bulauni), yotambasulira mtembowo motsutsana ndi maziko opepuka (imvi, bulawuni, bulauni mpaka chikasu, kirimu kapena yoyera). Mikwingwirima ikhoza kufotokozedwa bwino kapena m'mphepete mwamaso. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama zapamtunda izi sikudziwika, koma m'malo osungira nyama amakhalabe ndi zaka 18-30.
Kodi boa akuwoneka bwanji?
Bole constoror, ngakhale ali ndi zazikulu, ndiwotsika kuposa abale ena m'banjamo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kukula kwake kumadalira malo omwe amakhala - m'malo ena, njoka ndizopitilira mamita anayi kutalika. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi amakhala ambiri - ndi akulu kuposa anyamata kapena akazi.
Kukula kwake ndi 25 kilogalamu, koma nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi oyimira kilogalamu 50. Komanso mitundu ya njoka imadalira gawo lomwe akukhalamo.
Kwenikweni, ma boas amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, kirimu komanso imvi. Mawonekedwe amasangalatsa kwambiri. Njoka ya utawaleza imakhala ndi ngale yokongola kwambiri.
Zindikirani!
Mtunduwu uli ndi mutu wowumbidwa ndi mivi, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yakuda. Mphamvu ya kupuma imakhala ndi mapapu awiri, pomwe gawo lamanja ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lamanzere. Ndizachilendo kuti zirombo zambiri zataya izi.
Zochita pamoyo
Boas amakhala moyo wawo wokhawokha. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukhwima, yamphongo imakhala nthawi yayitali ndi mkazi. Boazi ndi nyama zomwe zimagona usiku, ndipo masana zimagona. Njoka zachikulire komanso zazikulu zimakonda kusaka nyama.
Ena sakudziwa kuti njoka yapoizoni silipezeka, chifukwa anthu onse m'banjamo alibe ziwalo zapadera. Ngakhale izi, kulumidwa ndi njoka ndizowawa kwambiri, ndikudziteteza, amatha kuvulala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kupha tizirombo toyambitsa mabala sikungokhala kopepuka, kutengera momwe chilengedwe cha woyeserera wa boa.
Munthawi yodziwika, njokayo siingathe kuukira choyamba, chifukwa siikhala mwa anthu ankhanza. Komabe, kudziteteza kapena ana ake kungathe kuukira mosavuta ngakhale mdani wamkulu.
Komanso, mtundu uwu wa njoka ndiwosavuta kuwutenga. Chifukwa chaichi, iyi ndi imodzi mwazamba njoka zambiri. Koma, kwa zolengedwa zazikulu zotere, malo oyenerera amafunikira.
Kuti malo ogona azikhala pagulu, muyenera kulekanitsa amuna, chifukwa amatsutsana ndi amuna anzawo. Zachikazi zimasungidwa bwino kwambiri zidutswa zingapo mu terrarium imodzi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za njoka zimaphatikizapo makoswe, mbalame, abuluzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti momwe zowonjezerazo zimathandizira, zomwe zingakhale zochuluka kwa iwo. Pofuna kusaka nyama zamtundu wanthawi yayitali, pakufunika munthu wobisalira nyama, komwe mdani adzaukira. Amagwira nyama ndi mano akuthwa, kenako amakwanira mothandizidwa ndi thupi lake.
Wovutikirayo amakhala masiku 7, kapena masiku ambiri, mpaka kuti afewetse. Pang'onopang'ono metabolism iyenera kuwonjezedwanso pano.
Moyo
Ma boas amenewa amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. M'miyezi yotentha yachilimwe, amagwira ntchito usiku ndi madzulo, nthawi yozizira - masana. Amabisala (pafupifupi miyezi itatu) m'mapanga kapena m'makola. Woyang'anira wa pinki wokhala ndi milozo amayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndi "njanji ya mbozi", samakonda kukwera mitengo ndi tchire. Nyama ikamaukira, njoka imadzigoneka mu mpira, kubisala mutu ndi kutulutsa fungo lonunkhira kuchokera kumisempha.
Kuswana
Nyengo / nyengo ya kuswana yamtunduwu imagwera pa Meyi-Julayi. Akazi california boa viviparous, ana awo amakhala kamodzi zaka ziwiri. Khalidwe lachitetezo cha dziko lapansi komanso kulimbana kwa akazi sikunawonedwe mwa abambo. Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, champhongo chimamva thupi la mkazi ndi lilime lake, komanso chachimuna. Yaimuna ikudutsa pang'onopang'ono, imamuwuza ndi "zibwano" - miyendo ya kumbuyo. Kukula kwa mluza kumachitika mthupi la mkazi ndipo kumatenga masiku 103 mpaka 143. Yaikazi imabereka ana aamuna 3 mpaka 3 (kutalika 6.5) 18-36 cm. Oyenda mozungulira amayenda atangobadwa kumene, ndipo mkazi satenga nawo gawo m'tsogolo. Molt woyamba amapezeka mwa iwo patsiku la 7-10. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, boas achinyamata amakula kawiri. Amuna amakhala okhwima pakulimba kwa 43-58 cm, akazi - kutalika kwa 60 cm, izi zimachitika kwa zaka 2-3.
Boa constorateor - kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe, chithunzi
Mwa boas pali zimphona zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus), yomwe imafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 10.
Anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus). Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Dave Lonsdale
Boas ochepa kwambiri ndi boas atumba, ochokera kukula kuyambira 30 mpaka 60 cm.
Cuban zoumba kopandukira (lat.Tropidophis melanurus). Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Thomas Brown
Mtundu wa boas ndi wofanana ndi mitundu yotchuka m'malo awo. Imatha kukhala tinthu tofiirira tofiirira tomwe timakhala padziko lapansi, kapena yowoneka bwino, nthawi zina yosiyanitsa mitundu ya anthu okhala pamitengo kapena zinyalala zamtchire. Boazi ena amakhala ndi mikwingwirima m'thupi, komanso malo akulu kapena ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira, mawonekedwe owumbika kapena ma rhomboid ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pomwe mawanga amatha kukhala ndi kapena opanda maso.
M'mitundu ina, khungu limatha kuponyedwa ndi utoto wachitsulo wamitundu yonse ya utawaleza (mwachitsanzo, mu utoto wa utawaleza). Boas padziko lapansi amatha kusintha mtundu, kukhala wopepuka kapena mtundu wakuda kwambiri. Usiku, mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yowoneka bwino amawoneka pa thupi lawo, lomwe limapanga phosphorescent.
Chizindikiro cha boas, kuphatikiza pa mutu wokutidwa komanso kusowa miyendo, ndi thupi lalitali, lokhala ndi minofu yolumikizidwa. Thupi la mchenga wamchenga umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, ndiwowoneka bwino komanso osalala.
Palibe malo ocheperako m'khosi amchenga, mchirawo suwoneka bwino komanso ndi waifupi.
Chigoba cha boa constectoror chimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, chimaloleza kumeza nyama zazikulu. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa mafupa a mbali yakutsogolo, komanso kutsekemera kwa mafupa a m'nsagwada zam'munsi wina ndi mnzake. Mano akuthwa sakhala pa nsagwada zokha, komanso mafupa omwe zida zamkamwa zimakhala (palatine, pterygoid ndi intermaxillary). Izi ndichifukwa choti ma boas amafunika mano kuti asalire pogwira nyama, koma amangoyigwira kapena kuikankhira pansi kwambiri. Pamaso pamutu pali zotchingira za keratinized zokulirapo, zosanjidwa mwadongosolo lina. Mosiyana ndi ma pythons, mafupa obisika a boas sapezeka.
Mosiyana ndi ma boas ena, ku Mascarene boas fupa lowonongera linagawika magawo awiri omwe amalumikizidwa molunjika: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
Kapangidwe ka mutu wofupikitsa komanso lathyathyathya ndichosangalatsa. Nsagwada yakumaso yozungulira, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chokumba, imakakulitsidwa kutsogolo, motero pakamwa pake pamakhala pansipa.
Kapangidwe kakakulu kopitilira pakati kamutu ndikulowera kumtunda kwa mutu, ndikutenga katundu wonse pakuyenda kwa nthaka. Mano akutsogolo a nsagwada zapamwamba komanso zam'munsi za mchenga wa boa ndiwotalikirapo kuposa kumbuyo.
Mosiyana ndi zokwawa zina, zomwe zilibe kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendo, ma boas omwe ali pachiwonetsero amateteza mafupa a m'chiuno. Kuphatikiza apo, adasiya zotsalira za miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe imawoneka ngati zikhadabo zopindika mbali zonse za anus.
Zowona, pali chosiyana: mwachitsanzo, kwa Mascarene boas, izi zoyambirira sizikupezeka.
Zovala pazovala mu cesspool of the wamba boa constorateor. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Stefan3345
Kutengera ndi kukula kwa constitoror wa boa, chiwerengero cha ma vertebrae omwe amapanga chipilala cha vertebral chimatha kuyambira pa 141 mpaka 435. Chomwe chimadziwika ndi kapangidwe ka mafupa a njoka ndi kusowa kwa sternum, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nthiti ndizoyenda kwambiri.
Ziwalo zonse zamkati mwazinthu izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osinthika, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka thupi. Ziwalo zopangika zimapangidwa modabwitsa, ndipo zimatha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mapapu akumanja ndi okulira kwakukulu kuposa kukula kumanzere. M'matope okhathamira (lat. Tropidophiidae), mapapu amanzere kulibe - asintha kukhala m'mapapo a tracheal (tracheal) ndipo amapangidwa ndikuwonjezera kumbuyo kwa trachea.
Mphamvu yamatsenga a boas imakhala ndi ubongo wochepa komanso chingwe cholimba cha msana, chomwe chimatsimikiza kulondola kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwa kusintha kwa minofu.
M'madera ozungulira, boas amatsogozedwa ndi kununkhira ndi kukhudza.
Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri zimadzetsedwa ndi zolandilira zowonera kutentha zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa muzzle, ndi lilime lopindika, ndikufotokozera zambiri ku ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zapawiri zophatikizika, zomwe ndi mtundu wa owunikira mankhwala.
Kuwona kwa boas sikuli lakuthwa kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka chifukwa chakuti maso omwe ali ndi ana opindika nthawi zonse amakhala ophimbidwa ndi filimu, yomwe idapangidwa kuchokera ku eyelids yophatikizika pamodzi.
Maso a mchenga wamchenga ndi wocheperako komanso pang'ono kutembenukira mmwamba - makonzedwe awa ndiwothandiza chifukwa, ngakhale kungogwera pansi, boa ikhoza kuwona zonse zomwe zimachitika pamtunda popanda kutulutsa mutu wake.
Chifukwa choti zokwawa zilibe malo otsegulira kunja, ndipo khutu lapakati limakulitsidwa, njoka zonse sizimasiyanitsa mawu omwe amafalikira mlengalenga.
Thupi la boas kuchokera kumbali ndi kuchokera kumtunda lakutidwa ndi miyeso ya rhomboid-roundish, kukukulana pang'ono. Mbale zoterezi zimapezeka m'mizere yayitali kapena ya diagonal. Pakati pa miyeso ya mizere italiitali pali malo amkhungu omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'mphepete yaying'ono, kulola kuti chikhazikitso chizitambasuka kwambiri. Mapale omwe ali pamimba ya zokwawa amakhala ndi mbali zokulirapo ndipo amalumikizananso ndi khungu.
Pomwe akukula, zaka zapamwamba za chiwerengero cha anthu ndi zotuluka. Mchitidwe wosungunuka umachitika, khungu likayamba kusintha pakapita masiku angapo njoka itabadwa. Mu boas athanzi, pafupipafupi kusintha kwa chivundikiro sikupitirira 4 pachaka.
Kutengedwa patsamba: www.reptarium.cz
Kodi boas amakhala kuti?
A Boas amakhala ku South ndi Central America, ku Cuba, kumadzulo komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa North America, kumpoto kwa Africa, Kumwera ndi Central Asia, kuzilumba za Malawi archipelago, ku Madagascar, Jamaica, Haiti, chilumba cha Trinidad, ku New Guinea. Mitundu ina (njoka za mphira ndi ma boas aku California) imakhala kumadzulo kwa USA, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Canada.
Ma boas, kapena ma boas, ndiofala ku Central ndi South Asia, komanso ku East ndi North Africa, Middle East, ndi mayiko a Asia (Iran, Afghanistan, Western China, India, ndi Pakistan). Mitundu ingapo imakhala ku Russia (Dagestan, Central and Eastern Transcaucasia) ndi maiko a CIS (Kazakhstan, Mongolia).
Mabwinja apadziko lapansi amakhala ku Mexico, South ndi Central America, amapezeka ku Bahamas ndi Antilles.
Madera okhala ku Madagascar amakhala kuzilumba za Madagascar ndi Reunion.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya boazi imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: Mitundu ina imakonda nkhalango zouma kapena zokhala chinyezi, pomwe imakhala munthambi za mitengo kapena zitsamba, ina imakhala m'malo zinyalala kapena zina, pomwe ina imasankha malo owuma, mitsinje yachinayi kapena madambo, malo obiriwira otsika, mikono ndi nyanja, komanso madambo otentha. Mitundu ina ya boas imapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Njokayo ikhoza kupezeka m'minda komanso m'nyumba zotsalazo. Mwa njira, palinso mitundu yodziwika yapafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, wamba wamba wa constituor, womwe anthu amasungika m'nyumba kapena nkhokwe kuti njoka iyi igwire makoswe ndi mbewa.
Mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, ma sand sandas amakhala ndi njira yokumba: amakhala kumapiri, zipululu komanso mapiri, samapezeka mumchenga, komanso dongo komanso dothi lokongola, mosamala amapita kumiyala yopapatiza m'nthaka kapena pansi pa miyala, yoyikidwa m'manda mumchenga ndi zinyalala, zoyenda mwakabisala mkati mwa pobisalira.
Kodi wachibale wa amadyera amadya chiyani?
Zakudya za boas ndizosiyanasiyana. Sipangokhala nyama zazing'onoting'ono kapena zapakatikati, mbalame ndi ma amphibians, komanso nthumwi zazikulu zamtundu wamtunduwu (anthambo, ng'ona). Nyama zazing'ono zimakonda kudya ma boti, mongooses, makoswe, achule, abuluzi, mbalame za m'madzi ndi mbalame zina ndi anapiye awo (abulu, nkhunda, mbalame zamtchire ndi mpheta). Komanso, agwiritsidwe ntchito a njoka ndi agouti, paki, ophika. Cuba, boas, pakati pazinthu zina, zimagwira mileme. Mwachitsanzo, ma boac akuluakulu, ma anacondas, amatha kuukira modekha capybaras, ng'ona zazing'ono (caimans), komanso akamba akuluakulu. Komanso woimira boma wa boa amatha kuukira chiweto chomwe chayandikira kubowo: galu, nkhumba, nkhuku kapena bakha.
Ataponyera ovutitsidwa, ma boas amamuzinga ndi mphete zawo. Komabe, samaphwanya mafupa a omwe amawagwirira ntchito, kuti asavulaze dongosolo lawo logaya chakudya.
Zakudya za mchenga zam'mchenga zimaphatikizapo makoswe ang'ono (hamsters, jerboas, gerbils ndi mbewa), mbalame zazing'ono (mpheta, ngolo), komanso abuluzi (geckos, agama, mutu-wozungulira, komanso matenda apansi ndi pakamwa). Achichepere amadya dzombe ndi kafadala wakuda. Pakusaka, njoka zimapinda mosavuta m'makola a ndodo. Mchenga wa mchenga umagwidwa ndi mano ndi mano awo ndipo amaphedwa mosavuta, akumakutira mphete ziwiri zamatumbo awo mozungulirazungulira.
Asayansi omwe amaphunzira njoka ndipo akhala nthawi yayitali ku Amazonia akuti chimphona cholimba cha boya chimatha kumeza nyama zomwe zikulimba kuposa thupi lake ngati nyama sizidutsa 60 kg (nkhumba zamtchire, agwape ang'ono ndi anthambo). Achinyamata ovutitsidwa ndi nyama zazikulu amatha kukhala ozunzidwa.
Mosiyana ndi njoka zina, izi zokwawa zimatha kusaka mumdima wathunthu. Amakhala ndi ma receptor apadera omwe amapezeka pakati pamphuno ndi maso, omwe amamva kutentha. Izi zimathandizira boas kuti azindikire ngakhale yemwe akumuyandikira ali kutali ndi kutentha komwe kumachokera mthupi lake.
Boazi amadya pang'ono. Atamwa chidutswa chachikulu, amatha kukhala wopanda chakudya kuyambira milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo.
Kodi boas amapha bwanji nyama zawo?
Ngakhale malingaliro ali ponseponse kuti a boa amapangitsa kuti munthu azizunzidwa, izi sizinali zoona. Poyamba, asayansi adakayikira chifukwa choti munthu amafunikira kudutsa mphindi zochepa, ndipo ovutitsidwa ndi boasi adamwalira pafupifupi masekondi 60. Chapakati pa 90s, akatswiri azamanyama aku America adakhazikitsa ndikulongosola kuti ozunzidwa ndi boazi sadzafa konse chifukwa chosowa mpweya, koma chifukwa chomangidwa, zomwe, zimayambitsa mtima.
Kupanga kafukufuku woyesera, makoswe adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma catheter adayikidwa m'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ma elekitirito oyendetsa mitsempha ya mtima. Makoswe okonzedwera motere adaperekedwa kuti akaphedwe ndi boas, koma njokayo itangofinya ndodoyo kuti iphedwe, wozunzidwayo adasankhidwa ndikuwunikanso bwino.Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesaku, akatswiri a zaumoyo adazindikira kuti panthawi yomwe njoka zakufa'yo zikungogundika, makoswe, kuthamanga kwa magazi kudatsika kwambiri ndipo kukakamira kwa venous kumawonekeranso mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala osasunthika. Kulephera kuthana ndi kupopa magazi mokakamizidwa kwambiri, mtima wamakhoswe unayamba kugwira ntchito mosinthana ndipo zotsatira zake zinayima.
Mitundu ya boas, zithunzi ndi mayina
M'mbuyomu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya boasi inali ya mabanja otsatirawa mwa njoka:
- Mascarene boas, kapena Boleriids (lat. Bolyeriidae),
- Earth boas (lat.Tropidophiidae),
- Othandizira okhala ndi miyendo yabodza, kapena a boa othandizira (lat. Boidae).
Pakadali pano, gululi lasinthidwa, ndipo malinga ndi nkhokwe ya database ya www.itis.gov, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya boas ndi ya mabanja otsatirawa:
- Boidae (Grey, 1825)
- Bolyeriidae (Hoffstetter, 1946)
- Kalabariidae (Grey, 1858)
- Candoiidae (Pyron, Reynolds ndi Burbrink, 2014)
- Charinidae (Grey, 1849)
- Erycidae (Bonaparte, 1831)
- Sanziniidae (Romer, 1956)
- Tropidophiidae (Brongersma, 1951)
Mitundu yambiri ndiyosowa komanso yokhala pangozi. Lotsatira ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu ina ya boas.
- Madagascar boa constrictor (Acrantophis madagascariensis)
Amakhala kudera lamapiri kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Madagascar. Kutalika kwa boa kuli mpaka mamita 2-3. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi la njokayo imakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi mawanga opangidwa ndi diamondi, ndipo khungu kummbali limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino owonekera ndi maso. Mimba ya chimbudzichi imakhala utoto wamiyala yoyera ndi maonekedwe akuda. Thupi lonse limakhala ndi chitsulo chamtambo chobiriwira.
- Wood Madagascar Boa (Sanzinia madagascariensis, zofananira Boa manditra)
Ndiwofalikira ku Madagascar. Njoka zazikulu za mtunduwu zimatha kutalika pafupifupi 2.13 m, ngakhale zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.2-1,5 m, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Mtundu ndi kukula kwa nkhuni zamatanda zimatengera malo. Anthu akuluakulu amapezeka kumadzulo kwa chilumbacho, utoto wautoto, ndipo kum'mawa - imaso kapena imvi. Mosasamala kanthu za malo ogawikirawa, zolengedwa izi zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi malo opanda madzi. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku. Pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi, mitengo ya nkhuni imakhala mu korona wowuma wa mitengo kapena m'nkhalango zamatchi pafupi ndi madzi, ngakhale imatha kusaka pansi, nthawi zambiri imatsika pamitengo usiku.
- Wamba bo constoror (Wophatikiza boma)
Amakhala m'maiko a South ndi Central America, komanso ku a Little Antilles. Adapita naye ku Florida, komwe adazika mizu. Kukula kwa akuluakulu ndi osayimira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi - atha kukhala mpaka mita 5. Nguluwe wamba imalemera makilogalamu 10 mpaka 15, ngakhale kulemera kwa anthu ena kumaposa 30 kg. Kumbuyo kwa zotumphukazi zapakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana wonyezimira, khofi kapena wofiyira, pomwe timizere tofiirira tating'ono ta mawonekedwe okongola ndi mawonekedwe achikasu mkati timawonekera bwino. Mphetezo za constituor wamba wa boa adakongoletsedwa ndi ma rhombuse amdima, mkati mwake, ngati kumbuyo, mawanga achikaso amawoneka. Nyama zambewu zimatsogola, ndipo zimayamba kusaka nthawi yamadzulo.
- Kandoya nthiti kapena wokhalitsa wokhotakhota Pacific, (Candoia carinata)
Amakhala a banja la ma pseudopods, ndipo kuyambira 2014 adapatsidwa banja lina la Candoiidae. Pali ma subspecies awiri omwe ali osiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake ndipo amakhala ku New Guinea komanso zisumbu zomwe zili pafupi (Sulawesi, Mooluksky, Santa Cruz, Solomonov). Akuluakulu samakonda kukula mpaka 1.5 metres. Kulemera kwa boa kumasiyana kuchokera ku 300 g mpaka 1.2 kg. Mitundu ya kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa kandoi ndi imvi, ma chikasu kapena kuwala kwa bulauni. Kumbuyo kwa njoka kuli chingwe chakuda kwambiri chakuda chakuda. Mitundu ya boas imakhala pamitengo, pomwe imakonda kusaka usiku ndi usiku.
- Galu wotsogozedwa ndi agalu ali mitengo yobiriwira boa(Corallus caninus)
Amakhala munkhalango zanyontho za South America, kudutsa Amazon. Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chofananira kwina kwa kuphatikizira kwa phokoso la boa constituor ndi mutu wa galu. Kutalika kwa akuluakulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa mamita 2-3. Khalidwe lokhala ndi ziphuphu limapangitsa mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira kumbuyo ndi mbali za zodzala. Mtundu wachikasu wamimba, komanso mawanga oyera ophatikizika ndi mizere yopyapyala yomwe imadutsa kumbuyo ndi kupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a diamondi, limagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ngati masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Makanda obadwa kumene ndi achinyamata adapakidwa utoto wofiirira (malalanje). Mano akutsogolo a wachibale wothandizila nyama amatha kufikira 38 mm. Masana, galu wokhala ndi mutu wagalu amapuma, ndipo amawuluka kupita kokasaka ndi madzulo.
- Garden boa constrictor (wopapatiza-belided boa constorateor) (Corallus hortulanus)
Amakhala m'nkhalango zachinyezi zakumwera kwa Colombia ndi Venezuela. Kuli anthu kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Brazil ndi Ecuador. Kuphatikiza apo, malowa amaphatikizapo Trinidad ndi Tobago, Suriname, Bolivia ndi maiko ena aku South America. Kutalika kwakanthawi kofananira kwa boa kumayambira ku 1.5 mpaka 1.8 metres, ngakhale zitsanzo zina zimatha kufika 2,5 metres. Mtundu wa boazi zam'munda zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera chikaso, lalanje ndi kufiyira mpaka imvi, bulauni kapena ngakhale yakuda. Kumbuyo kuli mawanga osiyanitsa, omwe m'mbali mwake amasinthidwa ndi diamondi lakuthwa. Masana, nkhanu zimapuma m'maenje a mitengo kapena zisa za mbalame, ndikuyamba kusaka usiku. Nthawi zina, amatsikira pansi.
- Utawaleza Boa (Epicates cenchria)
Lilinso ndi dzina fungo. Mitunduyi imakhala m'nkhalangozi za ku Central ndi South America. Mutha kukumana ndi zokongola izi ku Argentina, Brazil, Peru ndi maiko ena aku South America. Akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 1.5-2 metres. Mtundu waukulu wa utoto wa utawaleza umatengera ma subspecies ndipo mwina ndi ofiira, ofiira kapena ofiira. M'mabuku ena, thupi limakhala ndi khungu lopanda mawanga, pomwe mitundu ina, thupi limakhala ndi mawanga amdima kapena owala kapena mikwingwirima yoyera yotalikira. Miyezo yonse ya boa constorateor imakhala ndi mthunzi wachitsulo. Ngakhale kuti lo constitoror uyu amatha kusambira bwino, iye amakhala moyo wamtunda.
- Wokhazikika ndi wachikasu wosakanizidwa ndi milomo (Chilabothrussubflavus, syn. Epicates subflavus)
Ndi mtundu wina wosowa kwambiri wokhala ku Jamaica. Mchizungu, dzina la njokayo limamveka ngati "Jamaican boa constrictor." Zachikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimakula mpaka mamita 2 kapena kupitirira. Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi la njokayo imakhala ndi utoto wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga amdima, omwe amakula kukula pafupi ndi mchirawo ndikuphatikizana ndi utoto umodzi pamchira, ndikupanga maziko akuda akuda ndi mawanga ang'ono achikasu. Mchira wa boa constorateor ndi wakuda, mutu umapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Maso a njoka ndi chikaso, ndipo mikwingwirima yamakhalidwe ili kumbuyo kwa maso. Ana ake amakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje wofiirira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima m'thupi lonse. Nyama za ku Jamaican zimakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa mapiri komanso zamapiri, zimakhazikika pamtunda ndipo zimakhala zotakataka usiku. Nthawi zambiri nkhanu zakuda ndi zachikasu zimadyera mileme; makoswe ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya.
- Dominican yosalala-boa komporita (Chilabothrusfordii, syn. Epicates fordii)
Kugawidwa kuzilumba za Tahiti ndi Gonav. Oimira mtunduwu ndi osowa komanso ochepa kukula, amafikira kutalika kwa 85-90 cm, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Thupi la anthu limakhala loonda, lojambulidwa ndi maonekedwe ofiira kapena ofiira, chifukwa chake njokayo ilinso ndi dzina losadziwika "red boa constrateor". Pa khungu lonse pali mawanga amdima omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, masikelo amawala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ma Dominican boas amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi, wosaka usiku.
- Giant Anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
Amawonetsedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri pabanja la bo constorateors. Madzi a nkhomaliro wamadzi, monga momwe amatchulidwira kale, ndi wa mtundu wa anaconda. Pali anthu payekha omwe kutalika kwake kupitirira 5 metres. Zolemba zina zimafotokoza ngakhale kutalika kwa mita 11. Kulemera kwa Anaconda kumatha kupitilira 100 makilogalamu (mwachitsanzo, National Geographic akuwonetsa kulemera kwakukulu kwa 227 kg). M'mbali yonse ya njoka, utoto utoto. Malo omwe ali m'mbali mwake ndi achikaso achikuda ndipo amakhala ndi malire amdima. Mimba imakhala yotumbidwa zachikaso ndipo imawoneka yakuda. Anaconda wamkulu amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha za South America, pomwe amakhala m'madzi a mitsinje ndi madambo, kuphatikizapo Amazon. Imasaka usiku komanso masana.
- Mchinji wothandizilaEryx miliaris)
Poyamba anali a banja la pseudopods, ndipo tsopano amatengedwa mu banja lina la Erycidae. Njokayo imasinthidwa mwangwiro ndikukhala ndi moyo wopendekera. Bola constorateor amakhala kumadera achipululu ku Central Asia ndipo amapezeka kumadera akum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia. Njoka yokhala ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 40-80 imapakidwa utoto wamtundu wachikaso, malo amtundu wa bulawuni wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amatsutsana ndi maziko onse. Mutu wachingwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo maso amawoneka pafupifupi. Zochita zanyama zimatengera nthawi ya chaka: kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira nyamayi imagwira ntchito masana, koma nthawi yotentha imakonda kusaka kokha usiku. Chakudya cha amene amasoka ndi mchenga ndi mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, ndi makoswe, m'makola mwake pomwe zimakwawa mwakachetechete.
- Mascarene boas
Banja lomwe lili ndi genera lachiwiri (mtundu wa Bolerii ndi mtundu wa Arboreal Mascarean boas), omwe oimira kwawo ali pachilumba chaching'ono cha Round, chomwe chili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mauritius. Kukhalapo kwa mtundu woyamba, woyimira yekhayo amene ma buloni ambiriBolyeriamultocarinata), lero akuyamba kukayikiridwa - zambiri, njoka iyi idazimiririka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa moyo. Arboreal Mascarean constrictor (Mascarean constrictor Schlegel) (Casarea dussumieri) - Njoka yachilendo kwambiri yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, choncho mapulogalamu apadera akupangidwa pachilumbachi kuti abwezeretse anthu. Kutalika kwa boa kumapangika mita 1-1,5, pakati pamutu ndi thupi kupendekera khosi kumanenedwa momveka bwino, mchira wa njoka ndiwotalika, ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Mtunduwo ndi maolivi obiriwira, ndipo utoto wake ndi mizere yakuda yolira. Pamutu pa zanyama zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi zamtundu.
Kuchokera pa webusayiti: solidpulse.com
Chiyembekezo pamoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa boa constatoror kumadalira mitundu yake komanso momwe akukhalira. Monga lamulo, deta yodalirika ya kutalika kwa njoka imatha kupezeka kokha pokhapokha ndi zoyerekeza zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuyang'anira ma boas nthawi zonse mwachilengedwe. Mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, wamba wamba wothandizira, imakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zoposa 10 ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zaka 23-28. Anacondas amakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 5-6, koma anaconda adakhala ku Washington Zoo: zaka zake zinali 28. Mchenga wa boya wokhala mndende umakhala zaka 20. Masiku ano, wolemba mbiri yakale wokhala ndi moyo wokhala pakati pa boas ndi chiweto cha Philadelphia Zoo: mu 1977, wolamulira wachibale Papaye adamwalira ali ndi zaka 40 ndi miyezi itatu. Malinga ndi herpetologists, boas amakhala ku ukapolo motalikirapo kuposa anzawo kuthengo, chifukwa nthawi zachilengedwe njoka izi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri, ndipo m'malo okhala malo osungirako nyama kapena malo osungirako nyama, nyama zamtchire zimaperekedwa pakudya panthawi yake, malo abwino nyengo, chitetezo ndi chisamaliro chanyama.
Adani achilengedwe a boas kuthengo
Ngakhale "dzina loti" boa consterekeor "likuwoneka ngati lowopsa, njoka zazikulu kwambiri izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatetezeka. Kwa anthu akuluakulu, ndi mbalame zazikulu zokha zomwe zimadya, nkhanga, nkhumba zakutchire kapena mbawala zazitali zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri. Nyama zazing'ono zimadyedwa mosangalatsa ndi ma hedgehogs, amayang'anira abuluzi, coyote, ankhandwe, nkhanu, akhwangwala, mongooses.
Anthu ena okonda ziweto zosowa amakhala ndi nyumba mnyumba ndi m'nyumba. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sabata likhale lobolekera kunyumba yosungirako nyumba zimatengera mtundu wa njoka ndi moyo wake. Kwa mitundu yamitengo, malo opaka mizere okhala ndi makhoma akuluakulu amafunikira, ndipo kwa boas okhala mu zinyalala zamasamba, zotengera zakuya sizofunikira. Kukula kwa malo ogwiritsidwira ntchito kuyenerana ndi kukula kwa chiweto, kuti chikamakula, nyumba yakale ndiyofunika kusintha m'malo ena.
Boazi ndi nyama zamagazi ozizira, choncho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsatira kutentha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, malo a terarium amayenera kukhala ndi zida zotenthetsera zokha ndi ma sensor sensors, omwe amalola kutentha kutentha, ndi hygrometer yoyang'anira chinyezi. Boazi ambiri munthawi zachilengedwe amakhala m'nkhalangozi, ndiye kuti chinyezi chiyenera kusamalidwa monga 75-80%. Ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kosiyanasiyana mkati mwa terarium kuti kumapeto kwake kusapitirire 30-32 ° C, ndipo kumapeto kwake sikumapitirira 21 ° C. Izi zimalola chiweto kuti chithe kuzungulira thupi.
Pansi pa nyumba yopangira boazi iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ngalande, yomwe imakutidwa ndi dothi lomwe limasunga chinyontho bwino (mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka ma orchid ndiloyenera).
M'malo otetezeka, ndikofunikira kuyika nthambi ndi mitengo yomwe mitengo ya mitengo imakhala nthawi yawo, ndipo pamtundu wamtundu wa padziko lapansi lidzakhala gawo lokongoletsa. Mwa njira, ndibwino kuti nthawi ndi nthawi musinthe zinthuzi m'malo ndi malo kapena m'malo ndi zatsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba yakunyumba imafunikira malo pomwe imatha kubisala pamaso pamaso. Chifukwa cha izi, zida zapadera zomwe zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsa nyama kapena miphika yayikulu ya maluwa ndizoyenera. Malo okhala amafunika kutsukidwa sabata iliyonse. Njirayi ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndikutsuka malo onse pazinthu zofunika kwambiri za chiweto. Tikumbukire kuti malo ogwiritsidwira ntchito amayenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba, pomwe mabowo ang'onoang'ono amakumbidwa kuti adye mpweya. Mukasiya chivundikirocho chotsegulidwa, nyumba yanu ikhoza kuthawa.
Momwe mungadyetsere owongolera kunyumba?
Kudyetsa ziweto zotere nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta. Mosasamala kanthu za mtunduwu, ma boa onse ndiosangalala kudya makoswe ndi mbalame zazikulu. Kwa achichepere, mbewa zatsopano ndizoyenera kudya, kwa akuluakulu, mbewa wamba. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumadalira msinkhu komanso mtundu wa boazi. Kukula kwachichepere ndi amayi oyembekezera kumadyetsedwa pafupipafupi - kamodzi pakatha masiku 4-5, anthu akuluakulu ayenera kulandira chakudya pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya boas yomwe ili m'nyumba, tsiku lililonse imafunikira madzi akumwa. Chifukwa chake, pakona kotentha kwa terarium, muyenera kuyika thanki yayikulu ndi madzi. Zimakhala zovuta kutembenuza mbale yakumwa, kupatula kuti imatha kukhala chinyezi chowonjezera.