Lycaenidae ndi amodzi mwa mabanja ambiri a agulugufe amasiku. Mitundu yayitali yamitundu imatha kuonedwa m'malo otentha; m'chigawo chotentha cha Palearctic, mitundu yoposa 500 imapezeka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana timakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'matanthwe, m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'madera ambiri, gulugufe Lycaena ali pangozi. Oimira banja - Arion, David, marshmallows okongola adalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Makhalidwe
Banja la Lycaenidae lili ndi mitundu yoposa 5,000 ya agulugufe. Mutha kukumana nawo mu ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi, koma zazikulu kwambiri (mpaka 60 mm) ndi njenjete zowala zimakhala m'malo otentha. M'malo otentha, mitundu 500 ya agulugufe ang'onoang'ono a Lycaenidae ndiofala. Mapiko a tizilombo ndi 20-40 mm. Dzinalo lidasankhidwa chifukwa chamtambo wowoneka bwino wamapiko a agulugufe. Koma mwa oimira ambiri pagululi pali agulugufe ofiira, ofiira, a lalanje.
Chochititsa chidwi. Mitundu ina ya lycaenidae imakhala ndi michira yaying'ono, yopyapyala pamapiko kumbuyo. Pakati pa anthu okhala ku Palaearctic pali gulu la ma chervonets owoneka bwino, ntha ya ku Lycaena, yoyenda mozungulira. M'malo otentha - atlideshalesus.
Kunja kwa mapiko, mtundu wake ndi imvi, bulauni, bulauni, kapena chikasu. Mtundu wa mawonekedwe a bandeji opepuka ndi mawanga ocular. Pakati pa mibadwo ya chaka chimodzi, kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika. Amakhala mu kutayika kwa ocelli ndi njira yotsika. Maso amasintha kukhala mawanga, malo owonjezera amawonekera, kuwasandutsa chizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri, kusinthika kumakhudza m'badwo wamapikisano a agulugufe.
Maso a Lycaenidae ndi okulirapo, otseguka, nthawi zambiri ozunguliridwa ndi tsitsi, osavala kanthu. Tinyanga tating'ono timakhala tofanana ndi tinyanga tating'ono. Mwa miyendo itatu ya miyendo, kutsogolo ndikofupikitsa. Pa kumbuyo kwa tibia awiriawiri a spurs.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa gulugufe lycaena
Lyubyanka ndi gulugufe wa tsiku, chifukwa chake zochitika zake zimagwera masana, amakonda kutentha ndi dzuwa lowala, ndikubisala usiku m'malo obisika. Mitundu yaying'ono iyi, yokongola ya agulugufe ili ndi mawonekedwe olimba. Amuna amakonda kupanga ndewu kuti igawire gawo limodzi ndikuwateteza kuti asagwere amuna ena okha, komanso agulugufe ena, mbalame zazing'ono ndi njuchi.
M'dziko lathu, nyimbo zotchuka kwambiri za lycaenidae ndi Icarus, pomwe pamapiko amatha kufikira mainchesi anayi. Mitundu yambiri Banja la Lycaenidae, pamsewu wamoyo ndizolumikizana kwambiri ndi nyerere. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma micowa maula, ma sign achilendo, ma chrysalis amakopa chidwi cha nyerere ndipo amatha kuwongolera machitidwe awo.
Amphaka
Mbozi za agulugufewa ndi mycelium-ngati, lathyathyathya m'munsi, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndiwowonekera. Thupi limakhala lalifupi komanso mutu ndi wochepa. Kutalika kwa njanji sikupitirira mamilimita 20.
Amakhala pa tchire ndi mitengo. Amphaka amakhala moyo wawekha. Chifukwa cha matupi awo komanso maonekedwe awo okhala ndi mikwingwirima, amakhala osawoneka pamasamba azomera zopangira chakudya. Mbozi zambiri za ku Lycaenidae zimadya nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, ndi nyama zina zokhala ndi mapiko; Mitundu ina imayimira nyerere, imakhazikika pazomera pafupi ndi anthill, ndipo ma pupae awo amakula zisa za nyerere.
Lycaena pupae sangathe kupumira pansi, komanso imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nthambi ndi masamba okhala ndi kangaude. Pul mchira wa plum ndi wofanana ndi zitosi za mbalame, kotero sizikhala zosaoneka. Ndipo ngati musokoneza phokoso la mchira wa oak, limapanga phokoso lowopsa. Pupae wa mabulosi akuda ndi ofanana ndi chrysalis zosaoneka bwino za ladybugs.
Myrmecophilia Lycaenidae
Pafupifupi theka la akazi amasiye a ku Lycaenidae mu chitukuko ali okhudzana ndi nyerere. Makungu ndi lycaena pupae ali ndi mphamvu zamankhwala komanso zamatsenga zomwe zimawalola kuwongolera machitidwe a nyerere. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi okoma amamasulidwa ku matupi a mbozi, zomwe zimakopa nyerere.
Mitundu yambiri ya Lycaenidae imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nyerere zazodyera. Mwachitsanzo, mbozi za Alcone lycaenidae zimakhala mkati mwamaluwa pafupifupi milungu itatu, kenako zimatsikira pansi ndi ulusi wa silika. Pansipa, amadikirira mpaka atapezeka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyerere ndikuthamangitsidwa. Mkati mwa anthill, mbozi zimabisala ndipo zimadya pupae ndi mphutsi. Ziphuphu zimapezeka mu anthill, patatha mwezi umodzi gulugufe amatuluka kuchokera pachimake, chomwe chimasiya anthill.
Mitundu yambiri ya Lycaenidae imangopezeka zisa za mitundu ina ya nyerere, koma ma alkon amatha kukhazikika mumtundu wa nyerere zilizonse zomwe zili pafupi.
Bluefin wa Chapman
Chapman's Lycaena imapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa, Europe ndi Asia. Pali mibadwo itatu pachaka. Amphaka amadya pa sainfoin. Ana agalu achisanu pakati pa miyala. Chapakatikati, podzuka kuchokera ku hibernation, iwo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikusenda masamba akugwa. Gulugufe wamphongo amadya timadzi tamaluwa ndipo timamwa madzi pakati pa miyala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
MTUNDA WODZALA
Lycaenidae peatbog amakhala ku Europe, Asia ndi North America. Imapezeka kumadera akumadera otentha kozizira kwambiri, ku peatlands, komwe cranberries ndi blueberries amakula. Amphaka amadya zakudya izi, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala peat. Mwezi wa Meyi, atadzuka ku hibernation, amadya mphukira zazing'ono ndi mazira a cranberries, ndipo atadutsa molt womaliza, amakwawa kuchokera ku peat ndikusewera. Gulugufe amauluka mu Julayi, amadyetsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka.
TALICADE WA NICEA
Mtunduwu umapezeka kumwera kwa India ndi Sri Lanka. Amphongo ndi zazikazi zakunja sizimasiyana. Gulugufe samawuluka mtunda wautali: amauluka pang'ono ndikukhala pansi kuti apume pansi. Amagwira mpaka nthawi yamdima. M'nkhalango komanso malo owuma nthawi zambiri amawuluka kwambiri. Mazira amaikidwa pa stonecrop ndi mbewu zina (sem. Crassulaceae). Amphaka amatchera masamba mumasamba ndikubisala kwa nyama zotetezedwa. Gawo la Pupa nthawi zambiri silimatha sabata limodzi
MALO A BULUYAN
Mzere wa Lycaenidae umatha kuwoneka pamiyala m'matanthwe aku Europe ndi Asia. Amphaka amakonda ma suppulents (sem. Crassulaceae), monga miyala komanso miyala. Amakula msanga komanso kusenda m'mwezi umodzi, ndipo amafika pansi pamwala ndi ulusi. Pupae overwinter. Madera akumwera kuli mibadwo iwiri. Gulugufe wamtundu wa chilimwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wamdima kwambiri kuposa masika.
PSEUDOFILOTES BATON
Mtunduwu umapezeka mu meadows youma komanso kumapazi kwa Europe ndi Central Asia. Pali mibadwo iwiri pachaka. Amphaka amadya maluwa ndi zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithonje. Ana agalu a nthawi yophukira yozizira mu masamba agwa. Popeza adalumikizana ndi hibernation, kasupe wotsatira amapanga msanga komanso kusewera. Ziwawa zam'badwo wotsatira zimakulanso mwachangu.
Icarus Bluefin
Malo okhala lycaenawa ndi malo akulu kuchokera ku North Africa, Europe mpaka East Asia m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo. Amakhala m'malo a meadland ndi moorlands, pomwe singano (sem. Moths) imamera. Ana agalu achisanu. Mu kasupe, amakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri kuposa miyezi iwiri. Pellet masamba agwa. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka.
BURYUZOVY BlUKER
Turquoise Lymeca imapezeka m'malo a ku Europe ndi Asia Minor. Amuna ambiri amawonekera - ali ndi mtundu wamtambo wowala. Akazi amaikira mazira pokha pazomera zopanda maluwa zodziwika pachilonda. Mbawala zazing'ono zimakhala mkati masamba obiriwira komanso nthawi yozizira pachomera. Chapakatikati amadya masamba, masamba atsopano ndi masamba. Pellet masamba agwa. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka. Gulugufe amauluka mu Julayi.
BlUYANKA ARGUS
A Lycaena amakhala kumadera otentha a ku Europe ndi Asia kudera lalikulu mpaka Japan. Amuna ndi abuluu owala, akazi ndi a bulauni. Amphaka amadya Heather. Gulugufe amayikira mazira pamitengo yazomera pomwe iwo amabisala. Mu kasupe, mbozi zimadyera masamba ndi masamba a heather, kukonda masamba ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri mbozi zazing'ono zimapezeka pang'ono. Kumeneko amadya mphutsi, ana, kenako agulugufe amatuluka chisa cha pansi panthaka. Mbozi zina zimakhala kunja kwa anthill. M'malo ena, agulugufe amakhala m'magulu akulu limodzi.
BULBIAN STONE
Anthu a ku Lycaenidae amakhala kumadera akum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe. Agulugufewa amakonda miyala yamiyala yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ochepa. Mazira amaikidwa pa astragalus ndi sainfoin, pomwe nthawi yachisanu. Amphaka amawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka, amakanda kumapeto kwa Meyi. Gulugufe amauluka mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti. Mapiko akumbuyo pansi ndi mano ang'ono.
PIGEON TELEUS
Gulugufe wamtunduwu ndi wofala ku Europe ndi Asia kumadera otentha komanso kotentha. Gulugufe amadyera timadzi tokhatira. Mazira amayikidwa pamaluwa omwewo. Ana agalu amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amadyetsa mazira a chomera. Posakhalitsa adzipeza mu anthill, pomwe amawanyamula! ntchito nyerere zakuda. Tizilombo tambiri touluka pansi pa nthawi yozizira, ndipo nthawi yopuma timadyetsa mphutsi. Ana mu June. Gulugufe amakhala kuposa sabata. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka.
BlUYAN ARION
Loni ya Lycaena imapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia. Imawulukira mchipululu chamiyala ndi mbewu zochepa kukafunafuna maluwa otchedwa thyme, timadzi tokoma timene timadyamo. Mazira adayikidwa pa thyme ndi marjoram. Amphaka amadya mazira amadzi awa. Posakhalitsa mbozi zazing'ono zimanyamulidwa kupita nazo ku zisa zawo ndi nyerere zakuda, komwe nthawi yozizira. Amadzuka ku hibernation, amadya mphutsi. Pellet pa anillill. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka. Gulugufe amauluka mu anthill mu Julayi ndi August.
BLOOF ALKON
Kukhazikika kwa polyommatusyu kumachokera ku Western Europe kupita ku Central Asia. Lymeca amakhala pamadzi otentha. Nthawi zambiri ana agalu amapezeka kumapira ndipo amadya mphutsi. Akazi amayikira mazira pamaluwa a swamp gentian. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kudwala ndipo timadya mbewu ya impso. Tizilombo tambiri timapita ku chisa chawo, komwe mbozi zazing'ono nthawi yozizira, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kudzutsa ku hibernation, zimadyetsa mphutsi zawo mpaka thukuta. Gulugufe amauluka mu anthill mu Ogasiti. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka.
SILVER BULLE
Gulugufeyu amapezeka m'dera lalikulu ku Europe. Pali m'badwo umodzi pachaka. Amuna ndi abuluu wamtundu wa siliva, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira. Ana amphaka amapangira mwana wakhanda wokhala ndi nyanga komanso kachilomboka. Amaikira mazira m'malo olimba a chomera, momwe nthawi yozizira. Amphaka amakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi inayi. Ena amakhala pachakudya ndipo amadya mphutsi za nyerere. Gulugufe amadya timadzi tokoma komanso maluwa.
CHIWONKHANO CHAKUDYA
Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha ku Europe ndi Asia. Pali mibadwo iwiri pachaka. Amphaka amadya wikis. Akazi a m'badwo wachiwiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amayikira mazira pamasamba a chomera, mbozi zimawonekera sabata limodzi, zimakula msanga komanso kusenda. Gulugufe amauluka mu June ndi Ogasiti.
ALEXTO BLOOF
Alecto polyommatus ndiofala ku Southeast Asia kudera lalikulu kuyambira ku Sri Lanka ndi India kupita ku Burma ndi Malaysia. Imawuluka m'mbali mwa mapiri ndi zitunda, kumene ma eletaria kardamanus amakula. Gulugufe amauluka pang'ono pansi ndipo samasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira. Amphaka amadya maluwa ndi zipatso za chomera chomwe amapereka - Cardamom, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala akum'mawa komanso kuphika, motero amaonedwa ngati tizirombo. Akazi m'mphepete mwa mapiko akumbuyo ali ndi chizindikiro chakuda; kwa amuna, utoto wamtambo ndi wowala bwino. Mapiko akhungu ndi michira. Wingspan kuchokera 3.5 mpaka 4 cm.
Bluefish yocheperako
Lycaena amakhala kumadera omwe kumatentha komanso kotentha ku Europe ndi Asia. Mapiko ake ndiotalika masentimita 1. Pali michira yaying'ono pamapiko kumbuyo. Imapezeka m'madambo ndi moorlands. Mitengo yamapira imakhazikika pa Hornbeam. Kukula mwachangu. Kwa chaka chimodzi, pali mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu. Tizilomboti tating'ono nthawi yozizira timasamba masamba.
BLOOF DANIS
Malo okhala Danis lycaena amachokera ku Moluccas ndi Panua Pova Guinea kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Amphaka amadya zipatso zam'madzi zambiri (sem. Buckthorn) - mbewu yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango zowala. Gulugufe nthawi zambiri amapuma masamba omwe ali pamtunda wa mamita 2. Mtundu wamaonekedwe a genus Danis ndi Mzere wamtambo wamtambo kumapeto kwamapiko. Imasanjidwa ndi nthiti yopyapyala yobiriwira yopepuka komanso yowala bwino. Palinso chingwe chachikaso pansi pa mapiko a lycaena a akazi onse. Mapiko omwe ali pakati pa 3.5 mpaka 4 cm.
Dwarf Bluefin
Lycaenidae - gulugufe waung'ono, ngakhale wa Lycaenidae. Mapiko osazama osaposa masentimita 1. Amapezeka m'matanthwe, panthaka zamchere ku Europe ndi Asia. Amawuluka, monga lamulo, mu June, pamene chomera chimamasula komwe mbozi zidzadye: chilonda wamba (sem. Legumes). Amaikira mazira pamaluwa a chomera ichi. Amphaka amakula msanga, ndipo achikulire amakhala nthawi yachisanu m'maluwa owuma pachilonda. Mitundu iyi ya Lycaena ndiosatetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa zimatengera chomera chokhacho, chomwe chimayenera kuphuka.
CRUCKIN BULERE
Buckthorn polyommatus amapezeka m'dera lalikulu kuyambira Central Europe mpaka East Asia. Kuuluka, iye amakopa chidwi: kuyambira pansi mapiko ake ndi siliva. Ntchentche zimawulukira m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, ndi m'madambo pofunafuna mbewu zomwe mbozi zawo zimadyapo: alder wakuda, ivy, buckthorn, Heather ndi ena. Zipamba zimadya masamba ndi masamba achichepere, motero zimakula mwachangu. Kuyambira m'badwo umodzi mpaka unayi pachaka. Masamba a chrysalis am'badwo wa autumn.
ARGUS BWINO
Malo omwe amagawidwa ndi ma brown brownus ndi malo akulu ku Europe ndi Asia. Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pamapiko amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni pamwamba, motero ndikosavuta kuwasokoneza ndi zazikazi zofiirira za mitundu ina ya lycaenidae. Kwa chaka chimodzi, pali mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu. Ana agalu nthawi yachisanu yozizira masamba agwa. Chapakatikati akupitiliza kukula, kudya ma geraniums a pinki ndi mpendadzuwa. Pellet masamba agwa. Gulugufe amauluka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala.
12.02.2020
Polyommatus icarus (Lycaenidae) ndi wa banja la Lycaenidae ndipo ndi amodzi mwa oimira ake ambiri komanso ambiri. Lero gulugufe lero lidatchedwa Icarus mwana wa Daedalus.
Malinga ndi nthano yakale yachi Greek, adanyalanyaza malangizo a abambo ake ndikukwera m'mwamba kwambiri kuthawa kuchilumba cha Kerete kupita ku Hellas.
Madzuwa a dzuwa anasungunula sera yomwe idalumikiza nthengazo pamapiko ake. Mnyamatayo modzidzimutsa adagwa munyanja ndiku kumira. Kugwa kumeneku kunachitika pachilumba cha Samos, chifukwa chakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Aegean amatchedwa Nyanja ya Ikari.
Mu nthenga za lycaenidae, zithunzithunzi zimakhala ndi mapiko abuluu ndipo zimakhala ngati mafunde am'nyanja. Mtundu wa epithet udapangidwa ndi katswiri wazam'madzi wa ku Germany, Sigmund Adrian von Rothenburg. Ndiye anali woyamba kufotokozera zamtunduwu mu 1775.
Kugawa
Malo okhala ali mu Palearctic. Butterfly Polyommatus icarus limapezeka ku Europe, North Africa ndi Asia, njira yonse yolowera kumpoto kwa China. Anthu okhala kwina amakhala ku Canary Islands, England ndi Ireland.
Mu 2000s koyambirira, adadziwitsidwa kumadera akum'mawa a Canada, komwe adayamikiridwa bwino.
Tizilombo timakhala m'mapiri kutalika kwa 1800-2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakonda malo owuma komanso otentha. Amakopeka ndi mitengo ya mapiri, zitunda ndi mphiri. M'malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, icramommatus icarus nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Pali mitundu ingapo 7. Mabungwe osankhidwa ndi awa amapezeka ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia.
Khalidwe
Lycaena ikar amakonda madera omwe ali ndi udzu komanso zomera zamaluwa zomwe zimamera pachoko ndi dothi lamiyala. Nthawi zambiri, imawonedwa pamiyala yamchenga ndi makonde a nkhalango.
Gulugufe amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika. Masana, amafufuza zakudya ndi anzawo kuti aberekane, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo amabisamo udzu wamtali ndikukhala pamitengo ya mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, akuluakulu amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu a tizilombo tambiri.
Kuchoka kumachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala. M'madera otentha, pali mibadwo iwiri panthawi imodzi, ndi mibadwo itatu kum'mwera kwa mitundu.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka phenoscis, malingaliro amagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tokoma. Peresenti ya gawo logwira la kudya limapezeka masana ndi masana maola.
Amphaka amadya masamba a mbewu kuchokera ku banja la a legume (Fabaceae). Nthawi zambiri, imakhala ndi mwanawankhosa wokhala ndi nyanga (Lotus corniculatus), clover wokwawa (Trifolium repens), kamwana wankhosa (Lotus pedunculatus), ndi semen ya variegated (Securigera varia).
Kuswana
Gulugufe wa mtundu wa butterter polyommatus icarus mu kasupe ndi theka loyamba la chilimwe. Amuna ndi otakataka ndipo amatha kuwuluka akusaka akazi. Amakhala m'malo akumidzi ndikuthamangitsa othamanga omwe akuthamangira katundu wawo. Kukwatira kumachitika nthawi yomweyo komanso popanda mwambo wachikwati.
Pambuyo feteleza wopambana, wamkazi amaikira mazira pawokha pamasamba achichepere a zakudya zamasamba. Ndi zoyera ndipo zili ndi mawonekedwe amtambo wopendekeka ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 0.6 mm.
Amphaka amabadwa masiku 10-12 pambuyo poikira mazira. Amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira pang'ono, womwe pang'onopang'ono umayamba kuda. Pamwamba pa matupi awo aphimbidwa pang'ono ndi tsitsi. Pa gawo lomaliza la chitukuko, mbozi zimafika 13 mm kutalika.
Kutalika kwa nthawi kumatengera chakudya, kutentha ndi usana masana. M'badwo wachiwiri ukukula mwachangu kuposa woyamba.
Ziphuphu zimatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pupa ili pafupi ndi mizu ya chomera chodyetsa. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira maolivi kapena ya bulauni. Pupa amatulutsa zinthu zokoma zomwe zimakopa nyerere, zomwe zimasinthanitsa ndi chithandizochi zimateteza kwa adani, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimabisa kubisala kapena ming'alu m'nthaka.
Makabati am'badwo wotsiriza, omwe analibe nthawi kuti asangalale, nthawi yozizira mu zinyalala. Zambiri nthawi yachisanu zimakonda kuzizira.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi 12-15 mm. Wingspan 25-30 mm. Thupi limakhala lokwera komanso latsitsi. Pali kutanthauzira kogonana.
Amuna, mapiko pamwamba amapaka utoto wamtambo wonyezimira. Khola lakuda limayenda m'mphepete mwa mapiko. Mwa akazi, mapiko ndi a bulauni kumtunda, okhala ndi malalanje kapena malalanje.
Gawo lam'munsi lamapiko limakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya bulauni kapena yakuda. M'mphepete mwake muli malire oyera. Ma Antennas amafikira 10 mm kutalika.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa gulugufe wa Icarus polyommatus pafupifupi masabata atatu.