Mbiri ya nyumba yachiyanjano iyi ya zinyama idayamba pa mfundo iyi: sipadzakhala chisangalalo, koma mavuto adathandizidwa.
Mu 1915, chiwonetsero chazinyama zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zachilendo kwambiri ku United States.
San Diego Zoo
Anthu ambiri anapezeka pamwambowu, komabe, monga chiwonetsero chilichonse, Panama California kamodzi adatha. Ndipo kenako funso lovuta: ndikuti nyamazo ziyikemo kuti? Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwakukulu, anaganiza zongochotsa zosowa zonse, zomwe sizodabwitsa: anthu, mwachizolowezi, adatenga njira yokana pang'ono.
Shealy wazaka ziwiri wazaka 100 pamsewu wa mita 100 ku San Diego Zoo.
Komabe, pakati pa unyinji wa anthu wamba, panali munthu m'modzi wowona mtima kuchokera kwa akuluakulu amderalo, yemwe adapempha kuti agawire malo pang'ono kuti amangepo malo osungirako nyama. Anthu achidwi ayesa kupanga mitundu yonse yosungira nyama zokongola zachilendo. Mawotchi, ma bwalo, mabenchi a alendo ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera za zoozo anali ndi zida.
Ziboliboli zokhala pakhomo. San Diego Zoo imalipira chidwi kwambiri pakuwona malo ndikuyambiranso zosungirazo.
Masiku ano, mzinda wa San Diego Zoo uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 800 ya zinyama. Tonse, nyama 4,000 zimakhala kumalo osungira nyama. Njira zosiyanasiyana zowonera ndi kulumikizirana ndi nyama zimapangidwa mwadongosolo: mutha kuyenda mozungulira zoo pansi, kukwera chingwe.
Wogwira ntchito kumalo osungira nyama amadyetsa mwana wankhuku.
Pofuna kubweretsa anthu ndi nyama pafupi wina ndi mnzake, zidasankhidwa ku San Diego Zoo kuti tisiye zocholowazi zomwe zimadziwika kwa aliyense ndikuyika nyamazo m'malo apadera omwe adapangidwa mwama dziwe kapena mumtsinje wobisika. Kongoletsani paki ndi milatho yambiri, chifukwa nyama zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, ndani amakhala m'makoma a San Diego Zoo?
Apa mutha kudziwana ndi zinyama zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuwonongeka zachilengedwe. Ku San Diego Zoo, pandas, koalas, zimbalangondo, poluka, nkhandwe za arctic, ma penguins, komanso njovu zaku India zimayenda bwino ndikubereka bwino. Kodi chinsinsi cha kukhalapo kotukuka kotereku kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyotani? Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'mbuyomu, kuyang'anira malo osungirako nyama zachitetezo sichinachite chinthu chachilendo koma chofunikira kwambiri: malo osungirako zinyama ankathandizidwa ndi “mphatso” zochokera pagona lawo. Makamaka, adabzala mbewu, ndikuwapatsa chakudya, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wamtunduwu m'chilengedwe. Kwa anthu okhala kumpoto chakum'mawa, ogwira ntchito m'mapaki nthawi zonse amakonza ndi kuphika makeke amadzi oundana, ayezi komanso chipale chofewa!
Koala albino wadziko lapansi yekha adabadwa ku San Diego Zoo mu 1997.
Kuphatikiza pakusunga ndi kuchulukitsa nyama zaku kumpoto ndi ku Australia, San Diego Zoo imathandizira kuchuluka kwa anthu ku California. Kudyetsedwa bwino komanso kuphunzitsidwa bwino kukhala kutchire, ana aang'ono amatuluka kanthawi kuthengo.
Zoo la San Diego lili ndi mndandanda wosiyanasiyana wa anyani: bonobos, siamangas, orangutans. Kuphatikiza apo, apa mutha kuwonera akambuku a Sumatran, mvuu zazing'ono, zimbalangondo za Chimalay, okapi, pikoko za ku Africa.
Chinyanso china cha malo osungira nyama ndicho neotragus, kapena fano lachifumu. Uwu ndiye mtundu wocheperako wa antelope padziko lapansi.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zodziwika bwino, ku zoo mutha kudziwa nyama zotere zomwe sizikudziwika kwa onse monga: Irenes, capybaras, Jacans, Turaco, chilombo-chamtchire, amethyst nyenyezi, guanaco ndi ena ambiri.
Zoo, ndi mtundu wanji wa zoo zomwe zingachitike popanda kuwoneka bwino kwazonse, ngamila, nkhandwe, ng'ona, komanso achule osadziwika kwambiri, ma newts ndi ma turje.
Koala yaying'onoyo imapatsidwa mankhwala ochita kuwunika.
San Diego Zoo imanyadira mbiri yake, komanso zomwe idachita: mwachitsanzo, mu 1997, Albino koala woyamba padziko lapansi adabadwa kudera la zoo.
Kwa okonda zozizwitsa zowoneka bwino, malo osungirako zachilengedwewo adakonza zokondweretsa zachilendo, mwachitsanzo, mwa amodzi mwa iwo mumatha kuwona cheetah ikuyenda mwamphamvu. Panjira ina yapadera, nyamayo imathamanga mofulumira mpaka 70 km / h m'masekondi anayi okha! Kuli kwina komwe mungayang'ane nyama yotere "ikugwira"? koma musaganize kuti mimbulu imakakamizidwa kuthamanga kuti ikondweretse anthu, zonsezi ndi gawo la pulogalamu yosamalira ndikusamalira mikhalidwe yanyama, mwanjira ina, kuti moyo ku malo osungira nyama sunapumulitse mdani wamphamvuyo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Nthambi ya "Ark of Amphibians" ku Panama. Chithunzi: amphibianrescue.org
Asayansi ochulukirachulukira amatengera zoyerekeza zomwe tikukhala m'nthawi ya anthropocene, chomwe chimapangitsa kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu padzikoli. Ndife amene tikuchititsa kuti mitundu yazinyama izitha mofulumira - ife, osati ena asteroid kapena volcano. Ndipo kokha ngati izi: anthu adasinthanso kapangidwe kazinthu zam'mlengalenga ndi kapangidwe ka nyanja. M'zaka makumi ochepa chabe, tidakwanitsa kuwononga chilengedwe, mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe kwazaka zambiri. Ndipo tsopano tikuyesetsa kupulumutsa zomwe zatsalira. Mwanjira ina, mabanki athu azachilengedwe ndi makabati a zosowa za nthawi ya Anthropocene.
Sitiziwapangira zowerengera kuti tisunge komanso kuti tisunge dziko lomwe lili pangozi. Dongosolo lathu ndikupereka zitsanzo zake mtsogolo, momwe matekinoloje azikhala opita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo asayansi (ndikufuna ndikhulupirire) azikhala anzeru kwambiri. Ma genetics masiku ano amatha kusinthana ndi zinyama, kubwezeretsa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti ikhale m'chilengedwe chogwiritsa ntchito, kupanga, kupangitsanso genomes komanso kupanga DNA yopanga. Akatswiri a glaciologists, akatswiri odziwa madzi oundana, amatha kubwezeretsa nyengo komanso zam'mlengalenga za dziko lapansi kuchokera ku mamolekyulu oundana ayezi. Akatswiri azomera zam'madzi amalima ma korali osowa mu malo ocheperamo pansi pa madzi. Posachedwa Botanists yakula mphukira yosalimba ndi maluwa oyera kuchokera ku majini amtundu wa mbewu zomwe adaikidwa m'manda ndi agologolo ku Siburan permafrost zaka 3,000 zapitazo. Tidzakhala ndi mwayi wanji zaka chikwi? Kapena ngakhale zitatha 100?
Koma dziko likupitilizabe kusintha, ndipo tikupititsa patsogolo njirayi popanda kuzindikira kwathunthu. Mabanki achilengedwe pawokha sangathenso kusintha. Nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo kuti china chake chitha kuyenda: kuthimitsidwa kwa magetsi, opanga zolakwika zolakwika, moto, kusefukira kwamadzi, zivomezi, matenda, kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni, nkhondo, kuba, kuyang'anira. Chifukwa chake, koyambirira kwa Epulo chaka chino, kuwonongeka kwa chipinda cham'madzi cha University of Alberta (Canada) kudapangitsa kusungunuka kwa mafunde oundana 590, ndikusintha umboni wosatsutsika wa nyengo ya Earth pazaka makumi zikwizikwi kukhala matumba angapo. Ngakhale database yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso pazomwe zasungidwa (genomes, mbiri yakale) ikhoza kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka, kutaika. Kapenanso, data imangopangidwira kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo isathe kuzimasulira.
Svalbard World Mbeu Store, Svalbard Island, Norway
Pansi pamiyala ndi paphiri la Mount Plaberget, asayansi apanga chopereka chomwe, pomwepo, chimatha kukhala chosunga cha mbewu zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi. Mbewu za chomera chilichonse ndizokwanira kutsimikizira mitundu yamtundu yomwe imafunikira kupangira mitundu yatsopano yomwe imatha kuzolowera nyengo. Zitsanzo zimasungidwa m'zipinda zokhala ngati mphanga zokhala ndi denga lokwera lomwe limakutidwa ndi ayezi chaka chonse.
Cache ili mobisa imatha kusunga njere zopitilira 2.25 biliyoni. Tsopano imasunga mitundu isanu ya mbewu. Zipindazi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi kutentha komweko (kuzungulira -18 ° C) - kuzizira mokwanira kuti mbewu zikhale zothandiza kwa zaka mazana kapena masauzande.
Pa mashelufu a mpunga yekha mitundu 3,000 masauzande. Ndipo mwa masauzande amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ndi nyemba pali zofananira zingapo zochokera ku Syria: adzatenga nawo mbali pobwezeretsa ntchito zaulimi pokhapokha adani atasiya pamenepo.
Koma ndidyetse bwanji?
Ndipo ili ndi vuto lomwe mungathandizenso kuthana.
Poyamba, Likasalo linkalandira makamaka kuchokera kujambulira nyama m'mafilimu. Komano panali maulendo omwe amapambana kwambiri. Kwa yemwe akukhala mumzinda, kudziwa mimbulu, kuyenda ndi kukwera pamahatchi kudutsa m'nkhalango, moto wamoto, pilaf ndi yurt ndizithunzithunzi zomwe sizidzaiwalika.
Bwerani mudzakhale gawo limodzi pazomwe timayesetsa kuchita akulemba nyama zamtchire poyesa kulemba zolengedwa za padziko lapansi kukumbukira kwawo. Uku ndi dontho munyanja yayikulu, koma tonse tikudziwa komwe ulendo wautali umayambira. Mukatha kuthandiza ngakhale nyama imodzi, mudzakhala osangalala. Mwina kumverera kwayiwalika kale.
Mkati mwa yurt ya ku Mongolia.
Yankho mpaka chakumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo: ngakhale ngati sunazindikire chithunzicho, mwina unawerengapo kale nkhaniyi ndikuzindikira ngamira!
Singapore Zoo
Malo osungira nyama amaonedwa kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri komanso otsegula padziko lonse lapansi. Chimakwirira malo 28 a nkhalango yamvula. Zoo ya Singapore ilinso ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri. Sikuti malo osungira nyama ku Europe aliyense amakhala ndi mwayi wotere.
Chofunikira chachikulu cha Singapore Zoo ndikuwonetsa zinyama m'malo achilengedwe. Palibe mabokosi ndi zotsekedwa zotsekedwa: ma dambo angapo, ndowa, nkhalango, zigwa ndi malo opezekamo zidapangidwa mwaluso m'derali. Galasi yolimba kwambiri imalekanitsa nyama ndi alendo, zomwe sizisokoneza kuyang'ana amoyo.
Malo osungirako zinyama samangoyenda pafupipafupi pakati pa nyumba zotseguka, momwe nyama zimasungidwa pafupi ndi malo okhala, komanso kukwera mabwato, sitimayi yaying'ono, kapena mutha kubwereka scooter.
Ndipo mu zoo iyi mutha kutenga nawo gawo paulendo wausiku. Mwa njira, zinali ku Singapore kuti zoo yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi idapangidwa.
Zoo Ranua
Ili ku Finland. Iyi ndiye malo akumpoto kwambiri padziko lapansi, ili pafupi ndi malo ozungulira, 80 km kuchokera ku Lapland, Rovaniemi.
Anasonkhanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 60 ya nyama zosiyanasiyana zakumpoto. Alendo aku malo osungira nyama amakumana ndi zimbalangondo, polumikizana, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhandwe - nyama zoposa 200 zimakhala ku Ranua. Nyama ndi mbalame zimasamalidwa pafupi ndi zachilengedwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, alendo akuwonetsetsa kuti akukwera njinga zamoto, kuwombera ndi kuwombera agalu, palinso phiri komanso kuthamanga kwa ski. Ndipo m'chilimwe, alendo amapeza malo oyang'anira ndi magalimoto.
Malo osungira nyama amakhalanso ndi khola lalikulu lanyama lanyama komwe nyama zimachokera ku Finland konse zimabwera. Ngati chiweto chalimbikitsidwa mokwanira mankhwala, chimabwezeretsedwa kumalo achilengedwe. Iwo omwe sangakhalenso moyo kuthengo, abwezeretsanso zoo.
London Zoo
Iyi ndiye malo akale kwambiri asayansi, idakhazikitsidwa pa Epulo 27, 1828. Poyambirira, sinakhale malo osungirako nyama, koma zojambula zochitira kafukufuku wa sayansi. Koma kale mu 1847, zojambula zaku London zidapezeka kwa onse. Masiku ano, imodzi mwa nyama zolemera kwambiri zasonkhanitsidwa pano. Munali mu London Zoo mu 1849 pomwe nyumba yoyamba ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi idatsegulidwa, mu 1853 - malo okhala m'malo am'mizinda, mu 1881 - ansectarium, ndipo mu 1938 - malo osungira ana. Malo omwe ali ndi 0,108 km 2 ali ndi mitundu 755 ya nyama zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chiweto chonse cha nkhosowa ndiopitilira 16. Alendo ku London zoo makamaka ngati "Gorilla House", nyumba yosiyirayi idapangidwa nyumbayi. Misonkhano yambiri yasonkhana pafupi ndi malo osungirako zinyoka, momwe, panjira, imodzi mwazolemba za kanema "Harry Potter ndi Stone wa Sorcerer".
Zoo Prague
Prague Zoo, imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku Europe, idakhazikitsidwa mu 1981 ndi cholinga chophunzirira zoology, kuteteza nyama zakuthengo komanso kuphunzitsa anthu wamba.
Chaka chilichonse, alendo oposa hafu miliyoni amapitako. Masiku ano, Prague Zoo yomwe ili mdera la mahekitala 45 muli nyama 4,600 za mitundu 630, kuphatikizapo mitundu yachilendo monga kavalo wa Przewalski, buluzi wa Komodo kapena phokoso la Galapagos. Palibe malo osungirako nyama ku Central ndi Eastern Europe komwe kumatha kuyika akamba akunyumba ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa nyama zosowa komanso zosangalatsa, mitundu pafupifupi 300 yazomera zapadera zimayimiriridwa ku Prague Zoo. Alendo akhoza kutsitsa zazidziwitso pazowonekera pa zoo pafoni yawo yaulere.
Kuphatikiza pa chiwonetsero chokhazikika, maholide oseketsa amachitika nthawi zonse ku zoo. Mwachitsanzo, polemekeza tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa kwa orangutan, alendo omwe amafanana ndi mwana wamwamuna wakubadwa amaloledwa kupita kumalo ake othandizira.
Yerusalemu Zoo
Malo osungira malowa adakhazikitsidwa mu 1940 ndi maseru aku Yerusalemu. Masiku ano lili ndi mahekitala 25 a chigwa chokongola pafupi ndi Yerusalemu.
Zooyo ili pazigawo ziwiri, pali kapinga, nyanja komanso makina amadzi. Masiku ano ku Zoo ku Yerusalemu kuli nthumwi za mitundu yoposa 200 ya nyama zosiyanasiyana. Zokopa zosangalatsa zimakhala ndi alendo obwera kumalo osungira nyama: mutha kukwera magalimoto mozungulira njanji ya ana kapena kukwera bwato.
The Jerusalem Zoo ilinso ndi "Corner of Bible Natural", pomwe malo a Palestine wakale amakonzedwanso molondola kwambiri m'mbiri. Ndipo Chingalawa cha Nowa chimawerengedwa ngati chiphiphiritso cha zozitulutsa chokha.
Chiang Mai Zoo
Ndimayendedwe a mphindi 20 kuchokera mumzinda waukulu kumpoto kwa Thailand, Chiang Mai. Kunyadira kwapadera kwa zoo ndi pandas awiri, omwe abwera kumene kuno kuchokera ku China. Malo osungirako nyama ndi gawo la Doi Suthep National Park. Malo osungirako zachilengedwewo ali paphiri, omwe amawonekeranso bwino kwambiri mzindawu. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonekera bwino kwa nyama zosowa kumalo osungira nyama, kuli malo achidziwitso a ana, malo osangalatsira ana, malo osungira ana, malo osungirako zinyama ndi dziwe labwino kwambiri.
Palinso maulendo ausiku omwe amakongoletsedwa mwanjira yaulendo. Thamu yapadera imatenga alendo kupita kumalo obisalirako, komwe, ndi kuwala kwa nyali, kalozera akuwunikira zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi nyama.
Kuti mupeze ndalama yapadera, mutha kudzipereka ku malo osungirako zinyama ndikusamalira pandas kwa sabata limodzi. Poyandikana nawo mapaki okhala ndi mapisi ambiri omwe amangodzuka pakudya.
Berlin Zoo
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamalo akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazinyama - mutha kudziwana ndi oimira mitundu yopitilira 1,500. Pali nyama zambiri zosowa kapena zowopsa - mwachitsanzo, buluzi hatteria ndi ndulu za ku Luzon. Malo osungiramo nyama omwe ali ndi nsanjika zitatu omwe ali ndi zopatsa chidwi, zokwawa, ndi nsomba zimalumikizana ndi kufotokozeraku. Zoo ya Berlin idatsegulidwa pa Ogasiti 1, 1844, ndipo ndiyo malo achinayi padziko lonse lapansi. Chaka chilichonse, malo amenewa amalandila alendo pafupifupi 2.6 miliyoni. Iyi ndiye malo abwino kwambiri kupitako ku Europe. Dera la Berlin Zoo ndi mahekitala 35. Izi zikuwonekera poyera chaka chonse. Ku malo osungirako zinyama, alendo amatha kubwereka ma trolleys ndi mipando yam'manja, ndikupitanso kumalo osungira nyama ku njanji yapadera.
Zoo Berlin imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe ambiri ofufuza ndi malo ena padziko lonse lapansi.
Zoo waku Australia Steve Irwin
Zoo ya ku Australia idatsegulidwa pa June 3, 1970 ndi Bob ndi Lin Irwin, makolo a Stephen Robert Irwin, wazachilengedwe. Poyamba, pakiyo inkatchedwa Birva Reptile Park. Steve Irwin yekha kwa nthawi yayitali adatsogolera zoo. Ndiye amene adasintha dzina la zoo kukhala "Australia Zoo." Motsogozedwa ndi utsogoleri wake, ziwonetsero zatsopano zidapangidwa bwino ndipo ogwira ntchito ku zoo akuwonjezeka. Malo osungira nyamawo ali ndi nyama zopitilira 1,000. Awa makamaka akuyimira zinyama zapadera zaku Australia. Gawo lamkango la menagerie limakhala ndi nyama ya ku Kolose, komwe amawonetsa miseche yowopsa ndi njoka ndi ng'ona. Mutha kuthana ndi mikangano kuchokera kwa anthu okhala mwamtendere kwambiri ku kontinenti --amu, kangaroos ndi koalas.