Ngakhale wina atapewa kulowerera, ma gypsies amawonekerabe mwanjira zina monga anthu osinthika. Ngakhale Chizindikiro cha dziko la Aromani ndicho cartel. Ndani ayenera kukoka ngolo iyi? Zachidziwikire, kavalo wokonzekera. Maonekedwe a mtundu wamahatchi othamanga anali onse mwachilengedwe komanso osasinthika nthawi imodzi, chifukwa palibe amene adadziyambitsa ntchito yobereketsa mtundu wotere. Pakadali pano, kufunikira kwa mahatchi oterewa kuchokera kumisasa yama nomad ku Europe konse kunali.
Chiyambi cha mtundu wamahatchi othinana
Zambiri sizikudziwika za mbiri yakukhazikitsidwanso kwa ma gypsies. Amakhulupirira kuti adabwera ku Europe kuchokera kudera la Ufumu wa Byzantine. Kusunthira pang'onopang'ono kumadzulo, azungu pamapeto pake adapezeka ku zilumba za Britain, ndipo izi zidachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 15, kapena m'malo mwake, mu 1430.
Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti ndichifukwa chiyani zili pano, koma njira yopangira kubereka kwatsopano idayamba ndipo patatha zaka mazana angapo bwino kumaliza chilumba cha Ireland. Akavalo okonda kwambiri a nthawi imeneyo, omwe anali osakanikirana a mitundu ina, adatola njira kuchokera ku Byzantium kupita ku Atlantic, adawoloka ndi oimira magulu aku Chingerezi, aku Ireland ndi aku Scottish. Makamaka pakuthandizira kupanga gypsy harness opangidwa ndi ma kledesdels, felps, dales, malo okwera komanso ma shres.
Ngakhale m'nthawi ya mafakitale asanachitike, ma gypsi anali kuonedwa ngati okwera bwino, iwowo sanafunikire mahatchi okwera pamahatchi. Koma kufunikira kwa nyama zoyesedwa kunkakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Munali motere kuti ntchito yoswana ikuchitika.
Komanso, mikhalidwe yamtunduwu idakhudzidwa ndi umphawi wopanda chiyembekezo wa anyani amtunduwu. Panalibe funso la zingwe zilizonse kapena chakudya chamagulu. Mahatchi achi Gypsy nthawi zambiri amayenda osakonzekera, ndipo nyamazo zimangodya zokhazo zomwe zinali ndi nthawi yopuma usiku kapena poyenda nsewu ndi ngolo. Palibenso china chonena za chisamaliro cha nyama cha akavalo. Chinyama chodwala chinali chongogulitsidwa kapena kuphedwa.
Zaka mazana angapo za mchitidwewu zidapangitsa kuti ma gypsies aku Ireland akhale ndi mitundu yawo yamahatchi oyang'anira, odziwika ndi kupirira komanso kusadziletsa. Nomad Roma sanafunikire china chilichonse, ndipo palibe mtundu wina womwe ungadalire momwemo.
Kuyang'ana zithunzi ndi makanema a mahatchi ojambulira, sizovuta kudziwa kuti ma pinto amayenera kupitako. Izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha umphawi wa ma jini omwe adatulutsa mtundu watsopano. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pinto idawonedwa ngati "zinyalala" kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero mahatchi otero, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu, anali otsika mtengo. Ngakhale m'tchire, komwe nthawi zonse kunali kuperewera kwa nyama, akavalo a pinto sanasangalale nawo kutenga, popeza kumenyana ndi kavalo wokhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi ng'ombe ndi ulemu wopanda ulemu. Koma gypsies sanasamale kuti nyamayo ndi yotani, chinthu chachikulu chinali kugwira ntchito bwino. Apa adagula mahatchi achikunja pamitengo yazometa. Zotsatira zake, mahatchi achikunja amapanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri mu mtundu wa gypsy masiku ano.
Popeza ambiri achi Gypsi akhala anthu osaphunzira (ndipo izi, mwatsoka, sizinathebe ngakhale lero), ntchito yosankhayo inali yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zoona, kunalibe buku la makolo. Pachifukwachi, palibe amene amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza mtundu wa gypsy mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zinthu zidasintha kokha m'ma 1940-50s, pomwe mafashoni osowa pamahatchi osowa kwambiri amawonekera pakati obereketsa mahatchi ku USA. Akavalo a Gypsy adayamba kale kukhala mu 1996, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chimodzi chaching'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Masiku ano mayina angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu uwu. Ponseponse ndipo ambiri alipo - mtundu wamahatchi. Mawu akuti "tinker" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, omwe amayamba kwambiri ku Germany ndi Netherlands. Ku Ireland, komwe "tinker" ndi dzina lonyoza kwa anyani, mawu oti "cob waku Ireland" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kavalo wotsika koma wamphamvu.
Gipsy kavalo - zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Popeza panali ma bongedwe ambiri m'dongosolo la mahatchi othinana, kukula kwa nthumwi za mtunduwu ndizochepa modabwitsa: kuyambira 135 mpaka 160 cm.
Kunja sikwachilendo ndipo kumakhala kofanana ndi kavalo wa Friesian: mutu wowuma wokhala ndi mbiri yayikulu yokhala ndi makutu autali, wochepa thupi ndi mapewa akulu, miyendo yolimba ndi ziboda zamphamvu kwambiri. Ingoyang'anani kavalo wokongoletsa kamodzi kuti muwone mane ndi mchira wake wandiweyani. Amakhalanso ndi "zipatso" zowaza (zotyira) pamapazi awo kuchokera ku klesdendale ndi shire. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa mtunduwu ndi kupezeka kwa ndevu zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamahatchi.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mitundu ya mahatchi othinana, pinto ndiyofunika kwambiri, koma mitundu ina imapezekanso.
Popeza nthawi yayitali chitukuko cha mtunduwu sichinachitike mwachisawawa, ndipo pakadali pano malembedwewa amapangika molingana ndi miyezo ingapo, lero pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuswana. Mwachitsanzo, ku USA mahatchi ama gypsy nthawi yomweyo amagawika m'magulu atatu: "mini" - mahatchi amtali kuposa 142 cm, "classic" - kuyambira 142 mpaka 155 cm, ndi "great" - kutalika kuposa 155 cm.
Mahatchi ama Gypsy, magalimoto olemera amadziwika kuti ali ndi bata komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Makampani ena obereketsa mpaka amati nthawi zina buluzi amafunika kulimbikitsidwa kuti akhalenso wamphamvu. Pazifukwa izi, kavalo awa amasankhidwa nthawi zambiri pamaphunziro okwera. Ma ma Gypsy ndiwofunitsitsa kutenga udindo wa unamwino kwa abulu amphongo, chifukwa maresi a mahatchi oyera ndi otentha kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zina sangathe kudyetsa ana awo.
Mwambiri, ma lobes aku Ireland amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zamphamvu, zolimba komanso zopanda mtima. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe, komanso muzichita bwino mutayala. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi luso lawo lofewa komanso, modabwitsa, luso lodumpha labwino.
Mikhalidwe ndi zakudya zamahatchi othamanga
Popeza mtunduwo unadulidwa movutikira kwambiri popanda kubweretsa zakudya mwatsatanetsatane, mahatchi okokedwa ndi mahatchi otsogola kwambiri, kanema yemwe akuwonetsedwa pano, wakhala wolimba kwambiri komanso wosalemekeza onse machitidwe osunga komanso mawonekedwe. M'malo mwake, mahatchi awa adasinthidwa kuti azikhala panja chaka chonse ndikumangodya udzu wokha, womwe iwonso amakhala ndi nthawi yopumula pamalo oimika usiku kapena masinthidwe amasana.
Masiku ano, mahatchi otchedwa gypsy ndi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi makamaka ku USA. Mtengo wapakati wa nyama imodzi yamadzi amtunduwu umachokera ku madola 10 mpaka 25,000. Mwachiwonekere, palibe amene amasunga akavalo okwera mtengo ngati amenewa ndipo amangodya udzu ndi udzu wokha.
Poganizira zomwe tafotokozazi, pamakhala zochitika zomwe aliyense wa kavalo wotchedwa gypsy amadzisankhira yekha momwe angakhalire bwino ndi bwalo lake komanso momwe angadyetsedwere. Mtunda wapakati pakhale magawo osungirako bwino mahatchi: oyera, opepuka, osakhazikika pabwino, koma osatentha. Mahatchi ama Gypsy amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chofunikira: maziko ndi udzu ndi udzu, kuphatikiza mbewu ndi masamba.
Koma chomwe muyenera kusamala nacho makamaka ndi mahatchi, mchira ndi ma frie. Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mahatchi ojinja nthawi zonse amakhala onenepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina amatha kupindika. Kuti nyamayo isawoneke bwino nthawi zonse, muyenera kuphatikiza malo awa ndikusamba ndi shampoo.
Zabwino ndi zoyipa zamahatchi othamanga
Ngakhale anali aang'ono, mtundu wamahatchi ojambulidwa ndi wotchuka kwambiri ku Europe ndi North America. Pamodzi ndi kavalo waku Frisian, tinkers ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwachidziwikire, mtundu woipa sungakhalepo pamafunidwe otere. Masiku ano, mahatchi olira amakhala amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha:
- Kutalikirana. Pakadali pano, m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi kuchuluka kwa akachetechete ndizochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti, mwini kavalo wotere ali ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri woti adzitamandire kwa abwenzi ake omwe siwoyerekeza.
- Kunja kokongola. Mu chithunzi cha kavalo wa gypsy harness, zikuwoneka bwino kuti adamwa kledesdale yambiri ndi shire. Mwanjira ina, imawoneka yokongola kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina imafanana ndi chidole chachikulu kwambiri. Ndibwino kukwera hatchi yotere, ndipo imawoneka bwino ngati oyang'anira.
- Zofewa gait. Chiwonetserochi cha mahatchi othamangitsanso chimawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamahatchi.
- Makhalidwe abwino. Ma chekewa amakhala odabwitsa komanso odandaula. Kuti muwakwiyitse, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, kavalo ndi wamkulu kwa iwo omwe akungophunzira kukwera.
- Osadzikuza. Pali mitundu ingapo yamahatchi yomwe ndiyosavuta kuyang'anira ndikudya. Kavalo wokhathamira amatha kuyamika ngakhale kagawo kakang'ono kochokera kumvula komanso chakudya chosavuta.
Zoyipa za mtundu wamahatchi oopsa kwambiri ndizochepa:
- Mtengo wokwera. Chifukwa choti tsopano kavaloyu ali pachiwonetsero cha kutchuka (ndipo mwina nsombayi sinafikekobe mpaka pano), mtengo wa ma tinkers osankhidwa bwino ndiwokwera kwambiri. Pachifukwachi, woweta mahatchi wamba nthawi zambiri amangokakamira kujambula chithunzi cha mtundu wamahatchi ojambulidwa, chifukwa sangakwanitse kugula nyama yodula kwambiri.
- Zosayenera pamasewera othamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale kavalo wa gypsy amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri, koma amathamanga pamahatchi.
Zolinga zakubereketsa kavalo wokalamba
Zilonda zokhala ngati mahatchi achi Friesian. Ndipo sizokhazo komanso osati zochulukirapo, koma za zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito mahatchi awa. M'malo mwake, awa ndi mitundu yosanja yokongoletsera yomwe imawoneka yokongola kwambiri pakunyamula kokongola panthawi ya zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana.
Monga mahatchi a Friesian, ma tinker amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa alendo m'magalimoto kapena kukwera m'mapaki amtawuni, koma ndibwino kuti asawalole kupita kumidzi kwenikweni. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta: chingwe chobiriwira, mchira ndi mitengo yafinya pamiyendo imakhala yolumikizidwa ndi zinyalala zamasamba mwachangu, ndipo ukadzayamba kuyenda, mahatchiwa amayenera kuphatikizana ndi kukhazikika nthawi yayitali.
Koma pophunzitsira kukwera mahatchi kapena kungoyenda pawokha kumidzi yokonzedwa bwino, mahatchi ojambulira ndi oyenera. Kuyenda momasuka kwa nyamayo komanso chikhalidwe chake chofewa chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuchita izi.
M'mapikisano amasewera, akavalo a gypsy sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, chifukwa mitundu yokhazikika yokhazikika malinga ndi mawonekedwe othamanga ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa ma boti aafupi komanso aafupi. Masewera okha omwe mtundu uwu umadziwonetsa bwino ndi kuphwanya.
Pomaliza, palibe chifukwa chofotokozera kwa nthawi yayitali kuti bwanji kavalo woduka komanso wokwera mtengo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ng'ombe zamkaka ndi mkaka.
Koma posinthanitsa ndi kugulitsa, Hatchi sioyipa. Poganizira kuchuluka kwakukula kwa mtunduwu ku Russia komanso kuchuluka kwake, kukweza akavalo aku Veliky Novgorod kapena mzinda wina waukulu kungakhale bizinesi yabwino.
Gypsy imasokoneza mbiri yakale
Mtunduwu udapangidwa ndi zaka zambiri zamtanda komanso masinthidwe amtundu.
Dziko la Ireland limadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwira mahatchi oopsa. Kunali komweko komwe kuweta mahatchi am'deralo ndi mtundu wobweretsedwa ndi Aromani (mafuko osamukasamuka) adayamba. Oyambitsa mahatchi oterewa ndi Mitundu yambiri. Kuswana kwachisawawa kwayamba kokha mchaka cha 1996 chokha, ngakhale kuti mtunduwu unayamba chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
Masiku ano, mahatchi ojambulira amagawidwa kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Dzinalo ndi kavalo wa harness waku Ireland, koma m'maiko monga Germany ndi Holland, mawu akuti "Tinker" (otanthauziridwa kuti gypsy) afala kwambiri. Izi zimakwiyitsa anthu aku Ireland, omwe amakonda kutcha nyama kuti cob kapena cinto cob (Irish pinto). Liwu loti cob potanthauzira kuchokera ku Chingerezi limakhala ndi tanthauzo "kavalo wotsika, wokhathamira, wogogoda bwino."
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mtunduwo
Cholengedwa chilichonse Padziko lapansi ndi chosiyana, ngakhale oimira banja limodzi ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera, zomwezo zitha kunenedwa pamtundu wa kubereka. Ma Tinki ali ndi mawonekedwe angapo omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mahatchi ena:
- Ngakhale liwu loti "cob", lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi kavalo wotchedwa gypsy, ma tinker amakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu malinga ndi miyeso yovomerezeka (pafupifupi 143-155 cm), nthawi zina amatha kupitilira (mpaka 160 masentimita, ziweto zoterezi zimatchedwa zazikulu) kapena pansi ( kuyambira 135 mpaka 143 cm, wotchedwa mini). Kupatuka kotereku kumawonedwa ngati kwabwinobwino.
- Kulemera konse kwa nyama kumatha kuchoka pa 240 mpaka 700 kg. Monga momwe zimakhalira pakukula, kupatuka kotereku kumawoneka ngati kwabwinobwino ndipo sikuwonetsa matenda kapena kusinthika kwa kubadwa.
- Mahatchi ama Gypsy amadziwika ndi thupi lamphamvu, lopangidwa bwino, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ndi kutalika kwake, minofu yolimba imawoneka bwino pa thupi.
- Ng'ombe zokhala ndi msana wamfupi, zomwe zimayenda mosalala mumkhola, zili pamalo okwera.
- Chikhalidwe chokongola chimatha kuwoneka pakuwoneka ngati ma pepanga: ali ndi kufota kochepa, uta wokongola wamkhosi, mutu wosalala poyang'ana koyamba, ndi makutu aatali.
- Kutsegula gypsy kumatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi ndevu pansi pa nsagwada yapansi.
- Ma Gypsy tinkers ali ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri: ali ndi chingwe chosalala ndi chonyezimira, kufota ndi mchira, ndipo miyendo yam'munsi imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lokongola lomweli.
Kunja, kavalo wankhondo waku Tinker amawonekera kuchokera pagululo. Izi sizikupikisana ndi mahatchi ophunzitsidwa bwino, koma zimatha kupereka zovuta kwa ambiri a iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, mahatchi othamanga ali ndi machitidwe abwino othamanga.
Utoto wa ma Tinkers umayatsidwa (kuwala kapena,, thupi lakuda ladzala ndi mawanga amtundu wotsutsana). M'mbuyomu ku Europe suti yotereyi sinayamikiridwe ndipo idawonedwa kuti ndi "yopanda tanthauzo", yomwe idatsimikiza zikhalidwe komanso njira zopatuka za nyama. Mwanjira yake ilipo, pali mitundu itatu yamitundu iyi: tobiano, overo andver.
Tinker mbiri yakale
Chiyambi cha mtundu wa ku Ireland ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya ma Gypsy. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1500, Aroma adafika ku Britain ndikukhazikika pazilumba. Ku Ireland adalowa m'malo mwa mafuko a Tinker. Anthu akalewo adalandira alendo mosasamala, panali nkhondo pakati pawo. Moyo wosasunthika pang'onopang'ono unabweretsa kupendekera ndi gypsies. Anadziwana ndi kukhala limodzi m'dziko limodzi.
Alendo obwera kumene komanso azisipanishi amasungidwe. Atagwirizana, akavalo adadyera limodzi ndikuwoloka. Chifukwa chake mtundu wa gypsy wosokosera kapena cob waku Ireland unachokera mwachilengedwe. Kuchokera pamahatchi apamwamba, adatenga mphamvu ndikuwoneka bwino, komanso kuchokera kwa mahatchi othinana - amuna ataliatali.
Mtundu wa piebald umakhalanso chifukwa cha moyo wama gypsy. Utoto unkawonedwa ngati wopanda pake, chifukwa chake pinto inali yotsika mtengo. Sanalandiridwe m'magulu ankhondo chifukwa chowoneka bwino m'mudzi. Gypsy sanafune chidwi ndi mawonekedwe, koma machitidwe abwino a nyama. Chifukwa chake, akavalo amphamvu ndi olimba mtima sanawapatse kanthu.
Gypsies sanachite nawo ntchito yoweta yobereketsa, sanayang'anire ukhondo wa kuswana ndipo sanawerengere ziweto. Opanga mahatchi aku America anayamba kupanga mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kubereka ndi kubereketsa pambuyo pa 1945, pomwe abwana aku Ireland adatchuka ku United States.
Kuyambira 1996, bungwe la Irish Cob Association lakhala likugwira ntchito, ndipo mabuku a studio akusungidwa.Chiwerengero cha tinker ndichoperewera, kotero kuti ogula mtsogolo adzakhala ogulitsa zosowa.
Miyeso ndi kulemera
Zingwe ndizokulira komanso zotsika - kuchokera pa 1.3 metres kufota mpaka 1.6 metres. Pokwera, mutha kusankha kavalo yemwe ali woyenera kukula kwa wokwera.
Ku United States, pali magulu a nkhokwe motalika:
- mpaka masentimita 142 - mini,
- Masentimita 142-155 - apamwamba,
- pamtunda wa masentimita 155 - wamkulu.
Kulemera kwa cob waku Ireland kumasiyana kutalika. Anthu onyentchera akulemera kuyambira kilogalamu 240. Unyinji wopambana kwambiri wamtunda wamtunda ndi ma kilogalamu 700.
Kunja
Zina zakunja kwa cob waku Ireland:
- thupi lonse
- mapewa olimba
- khosi lolunjika molunjika
- mutu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka ozungulira ndi ndevu,
- makutu owongoka
- miyendo yokhala ndi mafupa otchuka a bondo,
- miyendo yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, likugwera pa ziboda,
- wandiweyani, wowuma bwino wavy ndi mchira.
Ngwete ndi yotsika komanso yofananira poyerekeza ndi kavalo wamphete waku Arabia. Mtundu wa chifuyo umatikumbutsa ng'ombe. Miyendo yawo yakumbuyo nthawi zina imakhazikitsidwa ndi chilembo "X", ngati ng'ombe. Mphete zimabisika kwathunthu ndi ubweya. Tinki timawoneka kuti tikuvala mathalauza okongola mwachilengedwe, motero zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma hippies, chilengedwe komanso moyo wosasunthika.
Mwambiri, ma tchuthi amawoneka ngati ma tchire am'mudzi, koma mauna opusa ndi michira imawapatsa mawonekedwe okongola, abwino. Ma Kobes amawoneka kuti ali ndi ngolo, ngolo yopaka utoto komanso ngati mahatchi okwera.
Zovala za nyama
Mbali yachilendo ya ma cobs amitundu yonse ndi malo oyera opanda mawonekedwe. Ma Piebald tinkers amadziwika ndi mtundu:
- zopitilira - mawanga ali kumbali, mtundu wakuda pamiyendo yonse kapena zingapo, mchira wama monophonic,
- tobiano - miyendo yopepuka, mawanga pachifuwa ndi khosi, mchirawo umakhala ndi zingwe zopepuka komanso zakuda, "nyenyezi" yakuda nthawi zina imakongoletsa mphumi yakuda,
- Tovero - chisakanizo cha mitundu yakale.
Pali zingwe zamtundu wakuda, mbewa, mtundu wowota.
Khalidwe ndi kupsa mtima kwa Cob yaku Ireland
Mahatchi a Phlegmatic amaleza mtima wokwera. Kuyendetsa ma cob ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta kuphunzira, koma mutakokedwa kumatha kuoneka ngati waulesi. Kukhalapo kwa tinkers kumagwira pamahatchi oyendetsa mitsempha ngati osokoneza, motero amatengedwa kumayambiriro a mpikisano pamodzi.
Matigalimoto olemera ainki samachita nawo mpikisano, chifukwa amatopa ndi ndulu mwachangu kwambiri. Muyenera kukulitsa liwiro lawo pakuphunzira zolimba. Koma koby mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi luso lotha kudumpha. Amayenda ndimtundu wambiri, waulere, koma wofewa.
Magawo ogawa ndi madera ogwiritsira ntchito amtunduwu
Malo oyang'ana:
- masewera - kuyendetsa, kukwera mahatchi, kuphunzitsa,
- zosangalatsa - Kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa, ziwonetsero, tchuthi cha mzinda,
- zosangalatsa - kuswana ndi kukonza,
- mankhwala - hippotherapy,
- ulimi ndi ntchito yokonzekera.
Malo omwe aberekawo amakhala ku Ireland. Kavalo wokongoletsa gypsy anafalikira ku Europe, wotchuka kwambiri ku North America. Kutentha kwanyumba kudasowetsa maphokoso. Amasinthasintha bwino kumayiko otentha komanso ozizira.
Ubwino ndi Kupeza Zambiri
Azibambo a tinkers amakhala poyera. Mitundu ya Gypsy imakhala yonyentchera mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Ubwino wosadziwika wa cob ndi monga:
- panja wokongola
- kupatula
- kuyendetsa bwino
- mtima wodekha.
Ma ma Gypsy amapereka mkaka wambiri. M'mapanga, omwe amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati namwino kwa anyani ena. Ndi mkaka, mawonekedwe amphaka amapatsiridwa kwa akhanda. Ana okhala ndi makolo okwerera, ophunzitsidwa bwino, omwe amadyedwa ndi mkaka wa ndere ya ku Ireland, amakhala omvera kwambiri.
Zoyipa zake ndi:
Owebera amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha ziboda ndi mahatchi. Mawonekedwe a nkhanu ayenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Zingwe
Ngati ma tinker agawana m'chipindacho ndi mtundu wina, adzafunika makola osiyana. Monga okhawo okhala mkhola, masitepe osavuta amawakwanira. Khola la chitsamba cha ku Ireland liyenera kukhala magawo atatu:
- chipinda choyendera
- chipinda chamadzi ndi njira zanyama
- chipinda chokhala ndi makola.
Patulani padera malo osungirako chakudya, zopopera ndi zida zoyeretsera.
Kukula kwa khola kumadalira kukula kwa tinker. Ma parameter wamba - 3x2.5 mita.
Zofunikira pokonzekera khola:
- mpweya wabwino, ma hood - mpweya watsopano uyenera kulowa m'chipindacho, koma osalemba,
- Kutenthetsa kwapakati kapena kutentha - mahatchi amatenthetsera chipinda mwachilengedwe mpaka madigiri +8, kuzizira kumawonjezera kutentha,
- zofunda - m'makola kapena pansi pamiyala pamakutidwa ndi udzu, utuchi, peat,
- madzi - madzi mu chipinda Chowona Chowona Chanyama ndi mbale zomwera zokha.
Zinyalala zimasinthidwa masiku onse awiri. Zowetchera zochotseka zimayimitsidwa pachifuwa cha akavalo.
Zakudya
Zakudya za Tinker zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yazakudya:
- zobiriwira - udzu womwe nyama zimadyera chilimwe pachaka podyetsa,
- waukali - udzu, mungu wa masika,
- zolimba - mbewu
- yowutsa mudyo - mbewu za muzu,
- silage - mpendadzuwa, chimanga.
Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku umatengera kulemera kwa nyama. Kwa ma kilogalamu 100 a misa perekani ma kilogalamu 4 a mankhwala. Hay ali ndi calcium, protein ndi fiber. Maziko a roughage ndimaphazi ophwanyika ndi balere. Gawo la chimanga mu zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatengera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati buluku amayenda kwa maola awiri pa tsiku ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yolimba, ndikokwanira kuphatikiza mafuta onse ndi udzu wosankhidwa muyezo wa magalamu 200 pa malita asanu. Pamalovu ochepa, akavalo amapatsidwa ma kilogalamu awiri osakanikirana patsiku, ndi katundu wolemera - 7 kilogalamu.
Ndi katundu wambiri komanso thukuta, ma buluzi amafunika kudya 30 gm ya mchere wa tebulo patsiku kuti abwezeretse mchere wamchere. Ma cobs aku Ireland ndi othandiza, yophika, yowotchera ndi mbatata yaiwisi, kaloti yaiwisi. Thandizo lina la calcium ndi beets. Silo limasakanizidwa ndi udzu.
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zamahatchi a gypsy zimagawika m'magulu asanu ndikupatsidwa nthawi imodzi. Cobes sichitha kuledzera atangolimbitsa thupi. Muyenera kudikirira maola awiri ndikupereka madzi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Zaukhondo ndi Kusamalira Akavalo
M'chilimwe, atatha kuphunzitsa kolimba, ma tulter amadzitsuka ndi madzi ofunda. M'nyengo yozizira, njira zamadzi sizichitika. Ubweya m'mphepete umatsukidwa ndi chopukutira. Mng'oma, mchira ndi ziboda zimadulidwa. Asanayambe kuyenda, ndikofunikira kuti kuluka ma batani mahatchi, komanso kusasilira ena. Mane ndi mchira zimatsukidwa katatu pa sabata ndi shampu, chowongolera tsitsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mahatchi owombera osavala mahatchi amatsukidwa ndi mbewa yapadera ndikuchotsamo pambuyo poyenda mumlengalenga. Mphuno za Cobra zimafunikanso chisamaliro chapadera - muyenera kuchapa fumbi kuchokera pamphuno ndikuupukuta.
Msipu
M'chilimwe, cob waku Ireland amatha kusungidwa msipu waulere. M'mafamu azitsamba, akavalo nawonso amapeza chakudya m'minda. Kwa nyengo yozizira, udzu umakonzedwera iwo ndikuyika pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto.
Ndikwabwino kuti zipatso zizikhala m'malo osungirako nthawi yachisanu, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe amatha kutulutsidwa m'munda. Mahatchi odyetserako amayenera kupita nawo kumalo othirira katatu patsiku, kudyetsedwa ndi tirigu ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kuwunikira momwe zibowo zili.
Katemera ndi kupewa matenda
Momwe mungasungire thanzi la buluzi:
- sungani malamulo aukhondo,
- pewani zoyeserera m'khola
- Idyani zakudya povomerezeka ndi veterinarian,
- yang'anirani makutu anu, maso ndi mano tsiku lililonse,
- miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse amabweretsa kavalo kuti amupime.
Matenda akuluakulu omwe katemera amapangidwa:
- anthrax,
- chimfine
- rhinopneumonia,
- dermatophytosis,
- brucillosis
- kafumbata
- matenda a chiwewe.
Kamodzi pachaka, nyama zimayenera kupimidwa kuti zikhale ndi glanders, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, matenda osokoneza bongo, leptospirosis.
Mbiri yakale
Mahatchi ama Gypsy (ma harnesses aku Ireland, ma tukers kapena kobes) ndi zomwe zachitika patadutsa zaka makumi ambiri ndikusintha kwa mitundu yambiri. Dziko la Ireland limadziwika kuti ndi komwe nyama zimabadwira, komwe madera akuyamba kudutsapo adayamba kudutsana ndi mitundu yobwerezedwa - Roma kapena Gypsies.
Masiku ano ndizovuta kudziwa chiyambi cha mtundu wa tinkers. Ndizovomerezeka kuti m'mitsempha mwawo magazi a oyimilira aku aku Ireland, aku Scottish ndi ku England amayenda. Kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa cha "mitundu" yayikulu, mahatchi sanali odziwika mwalamulo.
Anayamba kupanga mahatchi okonzekereratu m'zaka zaposachedwa, mu 1996, pomwe wolemba dzina lake Kushti Bok adalembetsedwa mwalamulo. Komabe, mtundu uwu unapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wa gypsy adachititsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zakunja, makamaka:
- moyo wosasunthika wa ma gypsies ndi kufunikira kwawo okwera akavalo,
- umphawi wa Aromani, chifukwa choti akavalo samalandira chakudya chokhazikika ndipo, chifukwa chake, adazolowera chilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha izi, akavalo a mtundu wofotokozedwawo adalandira thanzi labwino, chitetezo champhamvu, kupirira komanso lamulo lamphamvu.
Mtengo wapakati
Tinko ndi zina mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yodula padziko lapansi. Mtengo wawo ku USA ndi 10-25 madola masauzande. M'malo obzala ku Europe, mutha kugula ma cob pamtengo wa 6,000 euro. Kwa mtengo wa kavalo wakunja muyenera kuwonjezera mtengo wobereka.
Kugula kwa eni ake kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge pakubwera ndipo musadandaule za nyama mukakhala nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi zolengeza, mutha kugula chovala chaching'ono cha rubles 250,000. Eni ake amabwera komanso kupereka ma stallion chifukwa chokwanirira ma ruble 10-20.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mtunduwu
Ma cobs aku Ireland ali ndi mbiri yosangalatsa, mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe:
- tinker ndi dzina lonyanyala la gypsies. Ku Ireland, mahatchi amangotchedwa cob, kutanthauza "kavalo wamphamvu",
- pamakhala timaso tofiirira komanso tofiira. Ngati bala loyera pamutu lili m'diso, khungu la iris limakhala lowala.
- Achinyamata a ku Ireland amakhala okonda kuchita zionetsero. Chule cholimba sichitha kuzunguzika.
Chapadera sichiri chidziwitso chokha cha mtundu wonse, komanso mtundu uliwonse - chifukwa cha mawanga omwe sabwereza.
Kuzindikira ndi mawonekedwe a kavalo wokonda kupusa
Mtundu wamahatchi kapena mwanjira ina amatchedwa tinkers adapangidwa zaka zambiri. Kwawo ndi Ireland. Ma Gypsi nthawi zonse amakhala otchuka chifukwa cha luso lawo labwino lokwera pamahatchi ndipo amadziwa zambiri za akavalo.
Hatchi yabwino ya gypsy inali chitsimikizo cha komwe adachokera, adanyadira nawo. Chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zoyeserera za mtundu wa gypsy, mtundu wapadera uwu, wokongola komanso wolimba kwambiri waonekera.
M'magazi gypsy akavalo pali mitundu yambiri yaku Britain. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akavalo a gypsy samadziwika ngati mtundu wamba. Sikuti mahatchi oterewa amatchedwa "cob", zomwe zikutanthauza: kavalo wotsika kwambiri.
A Gypsies akhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika, ngolo zawo, zonyamula katundu wochepa, kusuntha ndi malo, ndipo chakudya cha msasa wama Gypsy sichinali chambiri. Iwo anazindikira mahatchi, choyambirira, ngati ntchito.
Mahatchi analibe chakudya china; adadya chilichonse chomwe adapeza mumsewu, ndi zomwe zimatsalira ndimatenda aanthu. Kusamalidwa moyenera kwa iwo sikunawonedwe, chifukwa chakuti moyo wamtundu wa gypsies sunasiyanitsidwe ndi aristocracy. Pazokhudzana ndi zonsezi, tinker-koba adakhala olimba kwambiri osati nyama yoyang'ana kuzakudya ndi nyengo.
Mu 1996, munthu wogula adalembetsedwa movomerezeka, yemwe adatchedwa Kushti Bok. Ndiamene adakhala mthenga woyamba kubadwa wokongola uyu. Masiku ano, ma gypsy tinkers akutchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuyang'ana ojambulidwa pamahatchi sitingachitire mwina koma kuwona miyendo yawo yayikulu, yolira ndi miyendo yabwino kwambiri. Tinkers ndi amodzi mwa mahatchi ochepa odabwitsa padziko lapansi. Chithunzi chawo chimatipatsa ulemu kwa amateurs ndi akatswiri.
Gypsy kukonzekera ngakhale ndi kukula kwake kodabwitsa ili ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso amakhalidwe abwino. Samadziwika ndi nkhanza motsutsana ndi munthu, amaphunzitsidwa bwino komanso siovuta kuwasamalira komanso kuwasamalira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndichabwino kwa oyamba kumene, koma ngakhale ali ndi thupi lolemera chotere, ma buluku ndi opambana.
Mares amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ndi kudyetsa ana amphongo. Mares ali ndi mawonekedwe otenthetsera kuposa mahatchi onyenga. Mahatchi ama Gypsy amadziwika kuti ndi apadziko lonse, chifukwa amayenerera magulu onse aanthu, kuyambira ana kupita kwa akatswiri.
Kufotokozera kwa kavalo wotchedwa gypsy
Hatchi yotchedwa gypsy imakhala ndi mutu wowuma, makutu aatali, khosi lolimba komanso ndevu zazing'ono. Mapewa, chifuwa ndi miyendo ndizolimba, zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu. Makina opaka ndi ulusi, ndipo miyendoyo imakhala ndi mphonje yokongola ya tsitsi pamalo oyandikira.
Mtundu wa mahatchi nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira ndi mawanga oyera, pomwe mawanga oyera amapezeka, mtundu uwu umatchedwa pegimus. Mahatchi ama Gypsy amapezekanso mitundu ina, koma izi ndizochepa kwambiri.
Mahatchi olemera kwambiri otakula Kutalika kwambiri kumafikira 1.6 m, koma nthawi zina kukula ndi 1.35 m. Chofunikira chokhazikika sichikuchokera pakukula.
Zakudya zamahatchi achi Gypsy
Zakudya zoyenera kwa kavalo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kupatula apo, thanzi komanso kukongola kwa nyama zimatengera izi. Hatchi imayenera kulandira mapuloteni, calcium ndi mavitamini D, B, C. m'thupi ndi chakudya.
Kukhala kothandiza kuwapatsa kaloti kapena shuga. Tsiku lililonse, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, akavalo amayenera kupatsidwa mbewu yofesedwa (oats, barele, chimanga, ndi zina) kuphatikiza mbewu zingapo nthawi imodzi. M'chilimwe, udzu wokhazikika umakhala wothandiza kwambiri kwa kavalo.
Pazakudya za kavalo aliyense, muyenera kuphatikizapo mchere wa 30 g. tsiku ndi tsiku (mahatchi amakhala ndi thukuta lomwe limagwira ndipo mchere umachoka m'thupi limodzi nawo). Izi zimaswa mulingo wamchere wamchere, zomwe zimatha kusokoneza thanzi la nyama.
Akavalo adzakondwera ngati mumupatsa chidutswa cha shuga m'njira yothandizirana, komanso osakana kudzikanda mkate wa croutons. Yang'anani! Osamapereka mahatchi owonongedwa, chakudya chowuma, komanso chakudya chomwe chili ndi zitsamba zapoizoni. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo odyetsa komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kupangitsa kuti nyama iphedwe.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira kavalo tsiku lililonse katatu patsiku. Nthawi yotentha kapena mukatha kugwira ntchito yambiri, imwani kasanu kapena katatu patsiku. Pambuyo pakuphunzitsidwa kapena kuyenda, kavalo sangathe kuthiriridwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyembekezera 1.5, 2 maola. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa hatchiyo mosiyanasiyana pamagulu osiyanasiyana a chakudya.
Nkhani
Mafuko adafika kudera la Europe kuchokera ku Ufumu wa Byzantine, tsopano awa ndi mayiko a Balkan Peninsula ndi Turkey. Madeti enieni a zochitika izi sakudziwika, popeza ma nomads sanatchule mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yawo komanso mabuku a mahatchi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, anthu achi Gypsy adafika kudera lomwe masiku ano kuli dziko la Britain.
- mapiri
- Phelp
- shire
- gummed.
Mapeto ake amapanga gawo la chilumba cha Ireland. Kwa nthawi yayitali amatchedwa cob, kutanthauzira kuchokera ku Chingerezi - kavalo wamphamvu, wotsika. Pambuyo pake ku Netherlands ndi Germany, dzina la Tinker, dzina lonyalanyaza la gypsy, lazika mizu.
Akatswiri a Hippologists adaphunzira za mahatchi othamanga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pomwe kufunika kwa akavalo achilendo kwambiri ku USA. Komabe, idazindikiridwa ndikulembetsa kokha mu 1996, dzina lovomerezeka la mtunduwo ndi mahatchi ojambulidwa.
Kusamalira ndi kukonzanso kavalo wa gypsy
Ndikofunikira kuti kavalo apange khola lalikulu ndi lalikulu, lokhala ndi othandizira odyetsa ndi akumwa. Chinyezi mu khola chizikhala pafupifupi 80%.
1. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana malo oyera. Pofuna kuyeretsa khola ndikofunikira kutenga kavaloyo mumsewu, kuyeretsa chipinda chodyetsa ndi manyowa, ndikuchotsa omwe akumwa. Sesa bwino kwambiri pansi ndikuunikira ngodya zonse. Sambani pansi ndi madzi ndikutsuka. Apatseni nthawi kuti ayume mchipindacho. Kugona udzu. Kenako ikani chilichonse pamalo ake ndikuyamba kavalo.Phulusa zinyalala za kavalo tsiku lililonse muyenera kukhala oyera.
2. Hatchi iyenera kutsukidwa ndikutsitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula zisa ziwiri: zolimba ndi zofewa. Ndikofunikira kuyamba kuyeretsa kuchokera kumutu ndikusinthira kumbuyo, machitidwe omwewo kuti achitike mbali inayo.
3. Kusamalira ziboda ndizofunikira. Musanayambe ndi kuyenda, muyenera kuyeretsa ziboda ndi mbedza yapadera, kuti mutulutse dothi losafunikira ku ziboda zanu. Mwasayansi, izi zimatchedwa hoop. Gwirani pang'ono mwendo wa nyamayo, maondo ndi bondo ndikutsuka mawalo. Palibe chifukwa choti muyenera kuyandikira kavalo kuchokera kumbali ya mchira. Akavalo ayenera kuwona eni ake, amatha kuchoka chifukwa cha mantha.
4. Ngati ndi kotheka, sambani buluyo pogwiritsa ntchito shampoo yapadera. Madziwo azikhala ozizira pang'ono kuti akavalo azikhutira ndi njirayi. M'nyengo yotentha ya mahatchi, chimakhala chizolowezi kusamba m'madzi otseguka.
5. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa kavalo tsiku lililonse masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuyenda maulendo atali.
Mtengo wahatchi yamahatchi
Hatchi ya Gypsy ndi amodzi mwa mahatchi okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akavalo akavalokugulitsa sungani mitengo yamtengo wapatali, koma ndiyoyenera.
Kuti mugule kavalo wa gypsy, muyenera kulipira kuchokera $ 10,000 mpaka $ 25,000. Mtengo wotsiriza umatengera zaka za kavalo, mizu yake, mtundu wake, machitidwe ake komanso kunja kwake.
Ndemanga za kavalo wokongoletsa
Ndakhala ndi chidwi ndi masewera a equestrian kwanthawi yayitali, koma ndidadabwa kwambiri nditawona koyamba kavalo wotchova jambulidwe. Kenako ndidawerenga ndikuwerenga zambiri za iye. Iye ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa.
Zowona, zimawononga ndalama zochuluka, ndipo sindingathe kukhala ndi kavalo wotere, koma mwa mahatchi ambiri, chisankho changa chinali pa iye. Ndikukhulupirira kuti msonkhano wanga ndi kavalo wokonzekereratu udzachitika posachedwa.
Gypsy kavalo
Mahatchi ama Gypsy amakhala modekha, oweta amalimbikitsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuseka, ndikuchepetsa nyama. Mares nthawi zambiri amakopeka kudyetsa ana a mitundu ina ndi mkwiyo wadzaoneni.
Akavalo amayenda ndi gitala yofewa, amakhala abwenzi abwino okwera pamahatchi osakonzekera, pomwe ophunzitsa okwera oyambira. Mu chithunzichi - okwera pamahatchi.
Nyama zimapirira zolimba mtunda wautali ndi katundu wolemera, wophunzitsidwa bwino. Amatha kuphunzira mwachangu, osati ouma khosi komanso osavomerezeka. Yoyeneranso kusunthira mu zingwe komanso pansi pa chishalo.
Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro ndi kukonza
Chakudyacho chimapangidwa ndi mavitamini a magulu B, D, C, calcium. Poyenda ndi kuphunzitsidwa, thukuta la nyama, kutaya madzimadzi, ndiye kuti mchere umawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, pafupifupi 30 g patsiku. Wokongoletsayo amapanga boma loyendetsa lokha kudya yekha, kutengera kulemera kwa kavalo.
Zabwino ndi zoyipa za mtundu wa Tinker
Mahatchi oyamwa, monga ena onse, ali ndi mbali zawo zabwino komanso zoyipa. Munthu amene akufuna kuyamba kuweta mahatchi oterowo ayenera kudziwa zinthu zonse zabwino komanso zabwino zake kuti apange chisankho chanzeru. Mfundo zabwino:
- Choyambirira pakati pa zabwino zonse ndizopatula. Chowonadi ndichakuti palibe akavalo ambiri otere: kuchuluka kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi kumangophatikizapo mahatchi ochepa. Kwa mwini wake, kavalo wotero amakhala bwenzi labwino ndi mnzake, komanso chithunzi chosawoneka bwino komanso nthawi yowonetsera bwenzi la miyendo inayi kwa abwenzi.
- Mwa zina zabwino ndikofunikira kuzindikira mawonekedwe (kapena kunja) kwa kavalo. Hatchi yotere imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, mawonekedwe onyada komanso okongola, komanso tsitsi losalala, lomwe limapangitsa kuti kavalo wokongoletsa akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri chosiririka. Mahatchi oterowo amawoneka bwino pamagulu wamba.
- Ma Tinkers ali ndi zida zofewa, zomwe zimangolankhulanso za kuvuta kwake kugwiritsa ntchito akakwera kavalo kapena kupanga timu.
- Kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa akavalo kumapangitsa gypsy harnesses chithumwa chowonjezera. Maonekedwe olusa, kuphatikiza kukoma mtima ndi kudandaula za machitidwe zimapangitsa tinkers kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira maphunziro.
- Zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Mtunduwu, chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, umakonda kwambiri chakudya komanso nyengo yotentha kapena yozizira. Chofunikira ndikumazisamalira mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi.
Tinker ndi kavalo wabwino, komanso lilinso ndi vuto. Mtunduwu ulinso ndi zovuta zake, zomwe ziyenera kuyang'ana pa:
- Mtengo wokwera. Izi zimakhumudwitsa obereketsa mahatchi ambiri kupeza bulu wa gypsy. Pakadali pano, mahatchi ali pamafunde, omwe amawonjezera zofuna zake, motero, nawonso mtengo.
- Zosayenera kuthamanga. Ngakhale mahatchi oyenda gypsy ali oyenera kukwera, kupanga ma harnesses ndi dressage yosavuta, ndiosayenerera konse kuthamanga kwa akavalo.
Titha kunena kuti tinker ndi kavalo wapadziko lonse. Mtunduwu, ngakhale umakhala wokwera mtengo, umakhala wopanda nkhawa ndikuwongolera komanso sufuna miyambo ina iliyonse yapadera. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi ziboda zamphamvu (izi zimachitika chifukwa choti anyaniwa ali ndi malingaliro oyipa kuti angavale akavalo), kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mane ndi mchira. Hatchi yotereyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi bwenzi lalikulu la ana ndi akulu, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kucheza kwawo.
Zabwino zonse kuposa zolipira kupezeka kwa mphindi ziwiri zazing'ono. Chachikulu ndichakuti musankhe pazogula. Ngati ntchito yayikulu ndikuchita nawo mpikisano wamahatchi ndi masewera, Tinker sichikhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito inu nokha, kukwera mahatchi kapena kungosunga famu yaku Ireland cob ndi njira yabwino.
Makhalidwe akulu amakulu
Kutalika: zimasiyana mokulira: kuyambira 1.35 m mpaka 1.6 m.
Chokwanira: kwa ambiri - piebald, koma palinso mitundu ina. Pamwamba yokutidwa ndi mawanga oyera. Pansi pa chovala chachikulu, khungu, monga lamulo, ndi imvi, ndipo pansi pa malaya oyera ndi pinki.
Kunja: mbiri yosakira, mutu woyipa wokhala ndi makutu aatali, khosi lolimba, ndevu zazing'ono. Amafota pang'ono, mwamphamvu komanso mwamtunda. Miyendo yolimba komanso yolimba yokhala ndi ziboda zolimba. Pa miyendo ndi zokongola zazitali zokongola. Nthawi zina miyendo yakumbuyo imadziwika ndi "ng'ombe yokhazikika." Mchira, zingwe ndi mavu ndizobowola komanso zokutira.
Kugwiritsa: mahatchi apadziko lonse lapansi. Zingwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe ndi chishalo. Mares amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anamwino a anyani amitundu yosanja yoyenda bwino. Ma ma cob ma Irish amakhala ndi mkaka wambiri ndipo amakhala ndi bata, zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu pa chikhalidwe cha anyani atsopano.
Zinthu: moyo wosasinthika wa ma gypsi adasiya chizindikiro - - amakhala olimba, osadzikuza komanso olimba. Mahatchi oyendetsa gypsy amakhala ndi zofewa. Ndizabwino kwambiri.
Zinthu zakunja za mtunduwo
Mahatchi ojambulidwa kutchuka ndi otchuka chifukwa chautali wawo, wakuda, nthawi zina wopindika ndi mchira.
Zilonda zamkati zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mtunduwu, komabe pali zinthu zina zodziwika ponseponse kwa mitundu yonse ya ku Ireland. Choyamba, ndi olimba thupi komanso ochepa kukula. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala uliwonse, koma piebald nthawi zambiri umachitika. Mahatchi ojambulidwa ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mahatchi awo aatali, owonda, nthawi zina opindika komanso mchira, komanso maburashi okongola pamiyendo yawo omwe amaphimba zibowo zonse ndikuyamba kuyambira pachiwonetsero. Mu nyengo yoyipa ndi uve, mabisiketi amateteza miyendo ya chimbudzi.
Njira yodziwika bwino imati: "Tambala weniweni amayenera kuyenda, ngati kakhanda, wokhala ndi mabowo pamiyendo, ngati ma shorts kapena ma gundi ma mutu, ngati mutu waku Wales."
Ku USA, ma tinkers amagawika m'magulu atatu: "mini-Gypsy" - mahatchi omwe kutalika kwake sikupita 1.42 m, "classic Gypsy" - kuchokera ku 1.42 m mpaka 1.55 m ndi "Grand Gypsy" - oimira gypsy dessed opanga kuchokera ku 1.55 m kupita pamwamba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Ma toni ndi mahatchi odekha komanso owoneka bwino. Nthawi zina zimakhala zokulirapo - zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti muzilimbikitse. Gypsy harness ndi chisankho chabwino kwa okwera kumene oyambira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri pamathamangidwe othamanga, maopu okhala ndi chidwi komanso odekha amayenda ndi mahatchi amphongo kumabokosi oyambira, akumawakhazikitsa mpikisano usanayambe. Ma ma tinker nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anamwino a abulu onenepa osapsa chifukwa mkwiyo wawo ndi wofatsa kuposa mawonekedwe a akavalo oyera.
Maonekedwe ndi thupi
Popeza mahatchi amtundu wa makolo a akambuku, mahatchi amakono sangadzitame chifukwa cha kutalika. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwawo kufota kumasiyana masentimita 135 mpaka 160. Nyama kuyambira kutalika kwa 155 cm nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "grandees", kuyambira 142 mpaka 155 cm - "classic", ndipo pansi pa 142 cm - "mini".
Za kuchuluka kwamahatchi, amatha kuchoka pa 240 mpaka 700 kg. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mfundo zamtunduwu kumafotokozedwanso, ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa chibadwa ndipo ndizomwe zimakhazikika. Koby ali ndi chozizwitsa chakunja kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lamphamvu, lopangidwa bwino, lomwe minyewa yolimba imawoneka bwino, imakhala ndi phokoso lolimba, koma osati lalitali, loyenda mosalala.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi kufinya kakang'ono, kokongola, koma nthawi imodzimodzi yamphamvu, khosi lowonda, pang'ono pang'ono, mutu waukulu komanso makutu aatali. Chodziwika bwino cha nthumwi za mtundu womwe wafotokozedwachi ndi kupezeka kwa ndevu zazing'ono zokhala pansi pa nsagwada yapansi.
Oimira aberekawo ali ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri, losalala, lonyezimira komanso mchira womwewo. Miyendo yawo yayikulu kwambiri imakutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa ma cobbs umayang'aniridwa ndi pinto - kuwala kapena,, muthupi lakuda, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mawanga amtundu wina. Komabe, akavalo amitundu ina amatha kupezeka.
Mayendedwe ndi zizolowezi
Ngakhale ali kunja kwamphamvu, mwamphamvu komanso mwachipongwe, mahatchi opanga ma gypsy amakhala ndi bata, mwamtendere, ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsira. Amakhala chete, ochezeka, amakonda kuzolowera anthu, kuyankha bwino ana ang'ono.
Chifukwa cha chilengedwechi, nyama ndizosavuta kuyendetsa ndi kuphunzitsa. Ma ma tinker nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amayi oyamwitsa agalu, chifukwa maresi osasamba, chifukwa cha nkhanza, nthawi zambiri amakana kudyetsa ana awo.
Onaninso zikhalidwe za mtundu wina wamahatchi:
Gwiritsani ntchito
Mwambiri, ma lobes aku Ireland amakhala ndi mahatchi olimba mtima, odekha, achikondi komanso osachepera omwe amakonda kupangira mahatchi. Ma Tinkers ndi otchuka chifukwa cha "gait" yawo yofewa komanso luso lodumpha labwino.
Mahatchi akuIreland ndi onse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere:
- kukwera pamahatchi
- kuyimitsa
- kulima
- kukonzanso anthu omwe akudwala matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mtundu wofotokozedwayo wa mahatchi udzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri kwa obereketsa mahatchi aluso, komanso kwa iwo omwe akungoyamba kumene kulumikizana ndi nyama zodabwitsazi komanso zosangalatsa.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
- Mahatchi ojambulidwa ali ndi maubwino angapo, omwe akatswiri odziwa kupanga mahatchi amadziwa:
- mphamvu, malamulo okhazikika, kuchuluka,
- wodekha, wolingalira, wamtendere,
- mawonekedwe okongola, okongola
- kuzindikira kwa zakudya komanso chisamaliro,
- kuphweka ndi kuphweka pakuphunzitsira ndi kuphunzitsa,
- zogwirira ntchito paliponse, zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pachiyeso ndi zingwe,
- zofewa, zabwino ulemu.
- Komabe, mtunduwu umakhala wopanda zovuta zina:
- mtengo wokwera wokwera pamahatchi,
- mahatchi otsika kwambiri,
- makhwala.
Ngakhale magwiridwe osasinthika, kuti akhale ndi thanzi komanso thanzi la mtunduwu wamahatchi, amafunika kulinganiza bwino.
Kudyetsa koyenera
Zakudya zabwino zamahatchi othamanga zidzakhazikitsidwa makamaka ndi zomwe amachita, komanso nthawi ya chaka.
Munthawi yotentha, zakudya zobiriwira komanso masamba atsopano ziyenera kukhala zabwino kwambiri pakudya kwa nyama:
M'nyengo yozizira, mahatchi amapatsidwa udzu, zosakaniza za tirigu - oats, chimanga, zophatikizika, zodyetsedwa ndi masamba. Onetsetsani kuti mwaziphatikiza ndi mavitamini apamwamba a mavitamini B ndi mavitamini B, D, C ndi calcium. Tsiku lililonse, muyenera kuthira ocheperako pang'ono, 30 g, mchere, womwe umakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretse mulingo wamchere wamthupi.
Panthawi yayitali, kuphunzitsa kapena kuyenda mahatchi kumasesa kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, amataya chinyezi chambiri. Popewa kuchepa kwamadzi, ndikofunikira kupatsa mahatchi aku Ireland mwayi wopezeka ndi madzi.
Tinki mahatchi okongola modabwitsa, okoma mtima komanso odekha, omwe masiku ano ndi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja, opirira, olimba, olimbitsa thupi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala osakhudzika kwambiri muzakudya ndi chisamaliro, ali oyang'anira oyenda bwino.