Ma eel amodzi ndi nsomba zazikulu za njoka zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zankhanza. Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya ma eyelie amodzi ndi olumikizana m'mabanja a eel.
Banja lachivomerezo limasowa chikhodzodzo, komanso zipsepse za patisiti ndi zamkati. Amasuntha pogwiritsa ntchito dorsal ndi anal fin yayitali.
Mitundu yonse yamatayala okalamba ndi yayikulu: yaying'ono kwambiri imafikira 60 cm ndipo imalemera 8-10 makilogalamu, ndipo maimelo akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amafika 3.75 m kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka 40 makilogalamu!
Thupi lamakhalidwe opindika limakhala lalitali, lopendekeka pang'ono pambuyo pake, koma osati lathyathyathya. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumawoneka kochepa thupi, ndipo pakati ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakhuthala.
Ngakhale zipsepse zamtundu wa nsombazi sizikupezeka konse, ndalama zomalizira zimafalikira kutalika lonse la thupi. Komabe, ndi ochepa omwe amatha kuwona eyel tulo mu ulemerero wake wonse, nthawi zambiri thupi lake limabisidwa m'miyala yamiyala, ndipo mutu wake umatuluka.
Khwangwala wamiyalayo amakhala ndi mawu oyipa, kamwa lake limakhala lotseguka nthawi zonse, ndipo mano akuluakulu owoneka amawoneka. Chithunzithunzi chopanda tsankhochi chinali ngati chochitira chipongwe mzukwa wamisala komanso kupusa. M'malo mwake, mawu akuti pa Moray eels sioyipa kwenikweni ngati achisanu, chifukwa nsomba izi zili ndi ngongole, sizingatheke poganiza kuti zitha kugwidwa.
Ma eel amodzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pakamwa pawo potseguka, chifukwa amapuma kudzera mu izi, chifukwa m'malo otetezedwa mwamphamvu kutsanulira kwa madzi kupita kumapiri kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa cha izi, pakamwa pa moray eel penti, ndiye kuti pakamwa pake pakawoneka pakhungu pomwepo.
Pali mano ochepa mu moray eels (23-28), amakhala pamzere umodzi ndipo amawerama pang'ono kubwerera kumbuyo, m'mitundu yomwe imagwira kugwira crustaceans, mano sakhala akuthwa, izi zimalola morays kuponda zipolopolo za nkhanu.
Ma eel Moray amakhala okhaokha komanso amatsatira malo okhazikika. Nthawi zina, zikafika zingapo pafupi, ma eel amodzi amatha kukhalira limodzi, koma uku ndi kwangozi, osati ubwenzi.
Moraine moraine ndiwophatikizika wodabwitsa wa mkwiyo ndi kufatsa.
Ma eel amakhalidwe abwino ndi ena mwa zolengedwa zotchuka kwambiri m'matanthwe a coral: malinga ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi, amapanga pafupifupi 40% ya nsomba zonse zolusa. Komabe, zokumana nazo zingapo ndizosowa. Cholinga chake ndikuti, mosiyana ndi mkango wamakango, magulu, mackerel, shaki ndi ena omwe amadyera, amakhala moyo wotsekedwa.
Mitundu yonse yamatumbo amtunduwu ndi nyama zolusa. Amadyetsa nsomba, nkhanu, urchins zam'madzi, octopus, cuttlefish.
Mory eels imabisalira nyama yake, ikukopa ndi machubu amphuno ofanana ndi mphutsi za polychaete. Munthuyo akayamba kuyandikira mtunda wokwanira, eel yonyamula ndi mphezi imaponyera kutsogolo kwa thupi ndikugwira wogwirayo.
Pakamwa yopapatiza ya eay eel siili oyenera kumeza nyama yayikulu yonse, chifukwa chake, nsomba izi zapanga njira yapadera yodulira nyama. Mwa izi, ma eay Moray amagwiritsa ntchito ... mchira!
Atakulunga mchira mozungulira mwala wamiyala, umamangiriridwa kumutu, umayendetsa mfundo kumutu ndi minyewa, pomwe kupsinjika kwa minofu ya nsagwada kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri ndipo nsomba imakoka chidutswa cha nyama kuchokera mthupi la womenyedwayo. Njirayi ndi yoyeneranso kugwira munthu wolimba (mwachitsanzo, octopus).
Pafupifupi, ma eel amisala ndi owoneka bwino, koma osati magazi. Zina mwazinthu zopanga ndizopatulika kwa iwo.
Chifukwa chake ma moray eels samasokoneza nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi zotsuka, zomwe zimatsuka khungu lawo ndi pakamwa kuchokera kuzakudya ndi majeremusi. Pazifukwa zomwezo, sizigwira nsapato zadongosolo. Ma Shrimp nthawi zambiri amapezeka pankhope za ma eyelie amwano kotero ndizosavuta kulingalira nsomba izi popanda okhala nawo pang'ono.
Kupangidwanso kwa ma eyelile, ngati ma eel, sikumveka bwino. Mitundu ina ya dioecious, ina imasintha kugonana motsatana - kuchokera kwa amuna kukhala achikazi (mwachitsanzo, riboni rhinomera).
Ma eel a Moray amatchedwa leptocephalus, monga momwe ilinso mphutsi za eel. Ma sonconomic a Moraine ali ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wopota wazowoneka bwino, thupi lawo limawonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutalika pakubala sikungafike pa 8-10 mm.
Ndikosavuta kuwona mphutsi zamadzi zoterezi, kuphatikiza apo, ma leccephalans amasambira momasuka ndipo amatengedwa ndi mafunde pamtunda wawutali. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa ma eel okhalitsa.
Nthawi yovutayi imatha miyezi 6 mpaka 10, pomwe nthawi yomwe leptocephalus imakula ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wokhala pansi.
Ma eel amodzi amayamba kutha msinkhu ndi zaka 4-6. Mtengo wamoyo wa nsombazi sunakhazikitsidwe ndendende, koma ndi wautali. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mitundu yambiri imatha kukhala zaka zoposa 10.
Mdani alibe chilichonse chomwe chingachitike. Choyamba, amatetezedwa ndi malo okhala momwe nsomba izi zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Kachiwiri, sikuti aliyense amafuna kumenya nkhondo ndi chinsomba chachikulu komanso champhamvu chokhala ndi mano akuthwa.
Ngati pakusambira kwaulere (ndipo izi zikuchitika pafupipafupi), nsomba inanso imatsata ulendowo, ndiye imayesa kubisala pamalo oyandikira. Mitundu ina imatha kuthawa womuthamangitsa, kumakwawa mpaka mtunda wotetezeka.
Monga mitundu yambiri yam'madzi, ma eloni amwano amapezeka bwino m'malo am'madzi am'madzi, koma osakhala akulu. Ma aquarium omwe akuchita nawo nsomba zokongola izi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuya kwakuya kumawoneka kosangalatsa kwambiri.
Amakonda kukhala ndi ma grottoes komanso ma crevices, momwe angathe kukhala okwanira ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amenyeni momasuka pothawira.
Ma Moray eels amakhala bwino m'madzimo, zovuta zimatha pokhapokha ngati omwe akuvutikira akuwonekera.
Aquarium iyenera kutsekedwa kuti isitha kuthawa kwa matendawa. Nsomba zimayenera kupereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zamadzi zovomerezeka ndi malo ambiri okhala. Ngati izi zikuchitika, ma eel Moray azikhala omasuka kwa zaka zambiri ali mu ukapolo kwa zaka makumi ambiri.
Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Sindikuganiza kuti wina aliyense angachite chidwi ndikusilira maonekedwe amisala - ngakhale, nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe okongola a thupi lake, mawonekedwe a nsomba'yi amanyansidwa. Maso owoneka ndi maso ang'onoang'ono odabwitsa, kamwa yosasangalatsa ndi singano mano, thupi lopanda njoka komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika amisala sakhala ochezeka.
Tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa bwino nsomba yapaderayi komanso yosangalatsa m'njira yake. Mwinanso malingaliro athu kwa iye, pang'ono pokha, adzatentha.
Moray eels (Muraena) ndi amtundu wa nsomba kuchokera kubanja la ziphuphu (Muraenidae). Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya maelor eel amakhala m'madzi a Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. Ambiri aiwo amakonda madzi ofunda a madera otentha komanso otentha. Woyang'anira pafupipafupi wa miyala yamiyala yamiyala ndi pansi pamiyala.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Nyanja Yofiira, amakhala ku Mediterranean. Mu Nyanja Yofiirira, chipale chofewa chimakhala ngati chipale, moraine-zebra, geometric moray, nyenyezi, mawanga oyera, komanso kaso wamaso wokongola amakhala. Chachikulu kwambiri mwa izo ndi stelar moray eel, kutalika kwake kumafika ku 180 cm.
Khola la Mory eel munyanja ya Mediterranean limafikira 1.5 metres. Chinali chithunzi chake chomwe chinali chofanizira nthano zambiri ndi zabodza zokhudzana ndi nsomba zodyedwa izi zomwe zimawoneka zachilendo.
Pokhala kokhazikika, sankhani malo okhala m'matanthwe, m'malo otetezeka pansi pamwala, pansi - malo omwe mungathe kubisala thupi lalikulu losatetezeka. Imakhala makamaka pansi pa nyanja.
Maonekedwe a moray eels amadziwika ndi aliyense. Thupi lalitali, la njoka, lopanda maliseche wopanda mamba, wokutidwa ndi ntchofu, womwe uli ndi poizoni m'mitundu ina. Kuyang'ana pansi kumathandizira kuti m'mawa musayime kuti musunthe, kuti muchepetse madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lophimbidwa ndi ntchofu wosalala lomwe limakhala losavuta kulowa m'makola komanso zopindika, zomwe ma eel amamugwiritsa ntchito ngati pobisalira ndi pogona.
Poizoni yemwe amakhala m'matumbo a khungu limatha kugwira ntchito zoteteza, kuteteza thupi ku majeremusi osiyanasiyana komanso kwa adani. Kukhudza thupi lamatayala amisala kumapangitsa munthu kuwotcha pakhungu.
Maonekedwe a thupi sanyalanyaza, amagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Nthawi zambiri, ma eloni amisala amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga omwe amapanga mawonekedwe amtundu wa mabo pa thupi. Pali anthu achikuda ambiri, komanso oyera.
Popeza pakamwa pa zodontha ndi zokulirapo, mkati mwake mumapakidwa utoto kuti ugwirizane ndi khungu kuti lisatsegule pakamwa pakayamwa. Ndipo pakamwa pa zitseko zam'mimba nthawi zambiri pamakhala potseguka. Kupaka madzi kudzera pakamwa potseguka, ma eel amodzi amathandizira kuti mpweya ubwerere m'thupi.
Mutu umakhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono, zopatsirana, ndi zozungulira. Kuseri kwa maso pali mabowo ang'onoang'ono gill, omwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo amdima.
Kutseguka kwamkati ndi posachedwa kwam'mphuno m'makoma am'mawa kumapezeka pamphepete mwa mphipi - awiri oyambayo akuimiridwa ndikutseguka kosavuta, chachiwiri mwa mitundu ina imakhala ndi machubu, ndipo ena - timapepala. Ngati moray eel "plug" lotseguka m'mphuno, sadzapeza womupeza.
Chosangalatsa china chazithunzi za moray ndi kusowa kwa chilankhulo. Nsagwada zawo zamphamvu zili ndi mano 23:44 owoneka ngati mkondo kapena ulesi, owongoka kumbuyo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma cell am'manja asagwiritsenso ntchito.
Pafupifupi m'maso onse amizere, mano amakonzedwa mu mzere umodzi, kupatula kubowola kwa Atlantic wobiriwira, momwe mzere wowonjezera wameno umakhala pafupa la palatine.
Ma eel Moray ali ndi mano aatali komanso owopsa kwambiri. Mu mitundu ina ya maendwe onenepa, m'zakudya zomwe nyama zooneka ngati chipolopolo zimakonda - nkhanu, nkhanu, mano amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Ndi mano awa, ndikosavuta kugawanika ndikukuta kuteteza kwamphamvu kwa nyama. Ma eel akhungu alibe poizoni. Nsagwada zamagetsi zonse zam'maso ndizamphamvu kwambiri, zazikulu.
M ziphuphu za pectoral m'mayendedwe am'mimba sizikupezeka, ndipo zina - zamkati, zodulira, ndi zamkati zimazungulira kwa imodzi, ndikumata kumbuyo kwa thupi, sitima.
Ma eel Moray amatha kukula kwambiri. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kutalika kwawo kumatha kukhala 2.5 komanso kupitirira 3 metres (chimphona chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse Moray eel Thyrsoidea macrura). Mmodzi ndi theka mita imodzi imalemera pafupifupi 8-10 kg. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zazimuna ndizochepa komanso zochepa "zazikazi" kuposa zazikazi. Nayi pansi yolimba !, yolemera mpaka 40 kg. Mwa ma eel Moray palinso mitundu yaying'ono yomwe kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita khumi ndi awiri. Kukula kwakanthawi kochepa kwamayendedwe ambiri ndi omwe amapezeka pafupifupi ndi mita imodzi.
Monga lamulo, amuna ndiocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazikazi.
Moray eels caviar mtundu. M'miyezi yozizira, amasonkhana m'madzi osaya, pomwe umuna wa mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi akazi ndi akazi umachitika. Mazira ndi mphutsi zosachedwa zam'madzi zimayenda m'madzi ndi mafunde am'nyanja ndikufalikira kudera lalikulu la nyanja.
Ma eel oledzera ndi nyama zolusa, zakudya zawo zimapangidwa ndi nyama zingapo zam'munsi - nkhanu, crustaceans, cephalopods, makamaka octopus, nsomba zapanyanja zapakati komanso ngakhale ma urchins am'nyanja.
Amapeza chakudya makamaka usiku. Pothamangira pakubisala, amanjawa amayang'anitsitsa nyama yomwe ikudikayo, ndikudumphamo ndi muvi ngati wina angagwire, ndipo am'gwira ndi mano awo akuthwa.
Masana mamawa amakhala m'nyumba zawo - miyala yamiyala ndi miyala yamiyala, pakati pamiyala ikuluikulu komanso m'malo ena achilengedwe ndipo osasaka kawirikawiri.
Kuwona komwe kwadzaza ndi mnzakeyo kumakhala kosasangalatsa. Amangophwanya nyamayo ndi mano ake atali tizidutswa tating'ono ndipo m'nthawi yochepa kuchokera kwa womenyedwayo pali zikumbutso chabe.
Ma eel Morel amatha kusaka osati kuchokera kwa obisalira. Chithandizo chomwe chimakonda kwambiri m'mawu ambiri am'mimbamo ndi octopus. Pothamangitsa nyama yokhazikika iyi, buluzi wam'mawere limayiyendetsa mu "ngodya" - mtundu wina pogona kapena pofikira, ndipo, nkulumikiza mutu wake ndi thupi lake zofewa, ndikuyigwetsa pansi, kuyambira m'matenthe mpaka itaduladula ndikuyamba kudya popanda kufufuza.
Timabowo tating'onoting'ono titha kumeza lonse, ngati njoka. Ikadula chidutswa cha thupi kuchokera kwa womenyedwa wamkulu, khunyu eyel, nthawi zambiri imathandizira mchira wake, womwe, monga wopindika, umawonjezera mphamvu ya nsagwada zake.
Njira yachilendo yosakira nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mamphuno am'maso. Oyimira ang'onoang'ono awa a ma eyel eel amadziwika kuti atuluka panthaka pawo. Izi zikutuluka mphuno, kusinthasintha koyenda kwamadzi, zikufanana ndi mphutsi zam'nyanja - polychaete. Mtundu wa "nyama" imakopa nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimayamba kukhala zodyera zobisika.
Pofufuza chakudya, ma eel asakuwala, monga nyama zambiri zodya usiku, amadalira fungo lawo. Masomphenya awo samakulitsidwa bwino, ndipo ngakhale usiku ndiwothandiza pofufuza chakudya. Kung'amba kwakumwa kumatha kumveka patali.
Nkhani zodziwika bwino za nsomba zakhala zikulowedwa m'miyala kuyambira kale.
Ku Roma wakale, nzika zodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri zinkasunga zala m'mayiwe, kulimidwa kuti zidye - nyama za nsombazi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Pothokoza mwachangu kuthekera kwa ma moya kukhala amtopola, Aroma olemekezeka adawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida cholanga akapolo olakwa, ndipo nthawi zina amaponyera anthu m'makhalidwe ndi milozo moipa kuti angosangalala nawo.
Zowona - o, nthawi. Makhalidwe.
Muren, asanakonze zozunza kapena zowoneka ngati izi, adangokhala ndi njala. Munthu akaonekera m'dziwe, adamuukira, ndipo, atapachikidwa m'manja mwa wolakwirayo, ngati agwape, adagwedeza nsagwada zawo, ndikung'amba zidutswa za mnofu.
Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi ngozi zakutsogolo kwa anthu okhala mdera lawo. Ofufuza ena amati ndi nyama yamtendere yokwanira, pogwiritsa ntchito mano ake kokha pofuna kutetezedwa ndi okwiyitsa kwambiri, ena amawona ngati mimbulu yoopsa ngati nyama zapamadzi. Mwanjira ina, pamakhala zochitika zambiri zokhudzana ndikuwukira ndi kulumidwa ndi anthu ndi maendelo amisala.
Nawa ena a iwo.
Mu 1948, katswiri wa zamagetsi I. Brock, yemwe pambuyo pake anali director of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology ku University of Hawaii, anatsegula pafupi ndi chisumbu cha Johnston ku Pacific Ocean kuzama kosazama. Asanamize Brock m'madzi, pulasitala adaponyedwa - iyi inali gawo la pulogalamu yofufuzira yomwe wasayansi adachita. Poona chimwala chachikulu m'madzi ndikuganiza kuti adaphedwa ndi bomba, Brock adasokoneza ndende. Komabe, Moray eel, kutalika kwake anali 2.4 metres, anali kutali ndi wakufa: iye adathamangira pomwepo wolakwayo ndikugwada. Moray eel, kuukira munthu, kumavulaza bala lomwe limawoneka ngati kulumidwa kwa barracuda kuluma. Koma mosiyana ndi barracuda, ma eel amisala samasambira nthawi yomweyo, koma amangirira nyama yawo, ngati bulldog. Brock adakwanitsa kuwonekera pamwamba ndikufika m'bwatomo ndikudikirira pafupi. Komabe, madokotala ochita opaleshoni amayenera kuthana ndi bala ili kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kunakhala kovuta kwambiri. Wovutayo adatsala pang'ono kutaya dzanja lake.
Woimba wodziwika wa pop Dieter Bohlen (duet Modern Talking) nawonso adadwala matendawa.
Panthawi yolowera m'madzi mu Seychelles, ma eel akhungu adagwira mwendo wake, ndikuphwanya khungu ndi minofu ya woimbayo. D. Bolen izi zitachitika atachitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo adakhala mwezi umodzi ali pa wheelchair.
Nthawi ina, akatswiri adasamutsanso ma eel angapo am'madzi kuchokera kumwala wokondedwa ndi alendo (Old cod hole, Great Barrier Reef, 1996). Pakudya, nsombazo zinang'amba dzanja la wanjingayo kuchokera ku New Zealand kwambiri kotero kuti sanathe kupulumutsidwa.
Tsoka ilo, panthawi yamayendedwe maayendedwe amwalira.
Ndikuganiza kuti zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi zithandiza oyamba kuwunika kuopsa kosakumana ndi ma eel morel ndikuwathandiza kupewa milandu yotere.
Njira izi ndi zophweka - musapweteke ena kuti achitepo kanthu mwankhanza. Ndi kawirikawiri kwambiri (nthawi zambiri timadyedwa ndi njala) ma eel omwe amadzutsa amawopseza anthu popanda chifukwa.
Mukawona eel yodwala, simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi nsomba - kuyandikira pafupi ndi malo ake, kuyesa kumenya mwamphamvu, ndipo makamaka - ikani manja anu pamalo ake.Makonda owombera sayenera kuwombera pamabowo ndi paming'alu kokha kuti adziwe ngati pali vuto loipa. Ngati iye amakhaladi kumeneko, adzakuwombani. Mukapanda kumukhumudwitsa, sangakukhudzeni.
Kuwongolera kuwedza kwa Moray eel sikuchitika. Amagwidwa m'makope amodzi kuti adye.
Dziwani kuti nyama ndi ziwalo zina zokhala ndi vuto la nthawi zina pachaka zimakhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa m'mimba komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuphunzira funsoli mwatsatanetsatane musanayese kukoma kwa zonenepa.
Nthawi zina ma elay am'miyala amasungidwa m'malo akuluakulu am'madzi. Khalidwe la omwe amadyera modzitchinjiriza mwina silingafanane. Nthawi zambiri, ma eloni amwano amakhala ankhanza kwambiri kwa oyandikana nawo mu aquarium, nthawi zina amakhala opanda chidwi ndi omwe amakhala nawo.
Ali mu ukapolo, ma eel akhungu amatha kukhala ndi moyo woposa zaka khumi.
Ma eel Moray, ngati nsomba zonse zodyera, ndi gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri mozama momwe nyanja zimakhalira. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsedwa kwawo kumakhudza moyipa thanzi la zinyalala za zigawozi.
Chifukwa chake, kale, ma eel okongoletsa amatengedwa ngati owopsa. Kenako adakhulupilira zimphona zazikulu zam'nyanja zomwe zimatha kumeza sitimayo yonse. Ndipo kuthekera uku kudanenedwa, makamaka, kwa ma eyel. Pambuyo pake m'mbiri panali zochitika pamene adaphunzitsidwa kuti awukire munthu.
Koma zonsezi sizinalepheretse anthu kusaka maula amisala. Amadyedwa ndikuwonetsedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, ngakhale nyama yake imatha kukhala yapoizoni kwambiri. Aroma akale ankasunga maphokoso m'makola apadera kuti awakonzekere maphwando. Iwo anali kuphedwa koyipa kwa akapolo. Chotere chachilendo chotere. Ku Caribbean, masiku ano, moraine ceviche ndiwotchuka - chakudya chomwe chimakonzedwa m'njira yosadabwitsa komanso yankhanza.