TOP 10 mitundu yayikulu ya kangaude padziko lapansi
Chilengedwe chapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yodabwitsa. Oimira ena anyama ndiwokongola, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndiwodalirika, ndipo ena ndi owopsa komanso amanyansidwa.
Zangaude ndi za gulu lachiwiri, ndipo kukumana nawo kumayambitsa mantha mwa anthu ambiri. Koma mawonekedwewo ndi onyenga, ndipo mwa mitundu isanu ndi 42 ya kangaude yemwe akukhala padzikoli, ambiri alibe vuto ndipo sakhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo ndi thanzi la munthu.
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma arachnids, timaganizira za akangaude akulu khumi padziko lapansi.
Nephila
Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, dzina la kangaude uyu "ndi wokonda kuluka." Ichi si chimodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya kangaude, komanso yoluka ukonde waukulu kwambiri.
Thupi laling'ono, kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 cm, ali ndi miyendo yomwe imafikira masentimita 12 mwa mitundu ina. Ukonde wa nephil ndi wolimba kwambiri kotero kuti asodzi aku Southeast Asia ndi Oceania amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati usodzi.
Ma sumu a spider ndi oopsa, koma osapha anthu. Kuluma kumayambitsa kupweteka, kufiyanso pamimba yakuluma, nthawi zina kumatha matuza.
Teghenaria khoma
Mwa dzina lanu kale, mutha kuganiza kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu ya kangaude. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kosangalatsa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kangaude wamkulu.
Kutalika kwa mwendo wa tegenaria wachikulire kumafika masentimita 13, koma kong'ambika kong'ambika kumene kangaude kumaoneka okulirapo.
Mwakukangana ndi nyama, mitundu ya akangaude iyi imatha kupha abale ake, ndipo nyumba zosiyidwa ndi m'mapanga a kontinenti ya Africa ndi madera ena a Asia asankha malo awo.
Buluzi woyendayenda waku Brazil
Guinness Book of Record akutiuza kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa akangaude owopsa kwambiri. Koma, kupatula izi, kangaude waku Brazil woyendayenda ndi wamkulu kwambiri.
Thupi la phukusi limafika masentimita 5-7, ndipo kusesa kwa miyendo ndi masentimita 17. Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana. Imadyanso akangaude ena, mbalame, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo tambiri, ngakhale nthochi. Chifukwa chake, amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mabokosi omwe zipatso zakum'mwera zimadzaza.
Ndi kukula kwake kowopsa komanso poyizoni wowopsa, kangaude wamtunduwu sadzaukire munthu poyamba. Chifukwa chake, mukakumana, ndibwino kudutsa.
Zerbal arabian
Wokhalamo m'chipululu aku Yordani ndi Israeli adapezeka ndi akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe posachedwa, mpaka 2003 dziko lapansi silinadziwe za kukhalapo kwake.
Kangaude yemwe ali ndi utoto wophatikizidwa kuti azikhala pakati pa mchenga amakhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 14. Koma akatswiri ena amati kutalika kwa paws kumatha kufika 20 cm.
Malowa anathandizanso moyo wa anthu okongola ku Arabia. Masana, kangaude amabisala kuchokera kukuwala kwa dzuwa, ndikupita kukasaka usiku.
Baboon kangaude
Woimira wamkulu wa arachnids adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa chofanana ndi miyendo yake yayitali ndi zala za nyani. Ndipo maukonde a kangaude ndiwopatsa chidwi, amakula mpaka 30 cm, ndi kukula kwa thupi ndi masentimita 5-6.
Pa chithunzichi: kangaude wina wamtundu wakuda waku Tanzania.
Chifukwa chakukhazikika kwa kangaudeyu, amatchedwanso tarantula ya ku Africa. Pa thupi laimvi mumatha kuwona madontho akuda ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imakhala yoyambirira.
Monga ambiri a banja la arthropod, anyani amadziwika ndi cannibalism. Ikalumidwa, imatulutsa poyizoni, yomwe, imagwera m'magazi a munthu, imatha kudzetsa ziwalo zina.
Mwa njira, pa thebiggest.ru mutha kudziwa za kangaude wakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Colombian Purple Tarantula Spider
Kangaudeyu, yemwe thupi lake limakhala lalikulu masentimita 8-10, amakhala m'malo otentha a Latin America. Ndi m'gulu la akangaude osowa.
Chifukwa cha mtundu woyambirira komanso tsitsi lachilendo, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba ngati chiweto, koma zizolowezi zake zimakhala zankhanza kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kusamala, chifukwa kulumikizana ndi tsitsi kumatha kuchititsa chidwi.
Amadyetsa mbewa, achule, tizilombo, kusaka anthu omwe akukhala nawo pobisalira.
Phalanx
Komwe kangaudeyu wodabwitsayu amatha kuchokera ku Iberian Peninsula kupita ku Chipululu cha Gobi. Ndizolondola kunena awa arachnids, omwe ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1,000, saltpug, yomwe imamasulira kuti "kuthawa dzuwa."
Kutalika kwa ma phalanges, kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8, kunawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwamipando yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kuluma pakhungu la munthu, ndipo chelicerae, yomwe ilibe poizoni, imatha kuyambitsa magazi poyizoni.
Salmon Pink Tarantula Spider
Woyimira wina wa banja lalikulu la ma tarantulas, ndi amodzi mwa ochepa omwe anthu amabala monga ziweto.
Ali ndi miyeso yayikulu pamimba yamatumbo am'mimba, kukula masentimita 10 ndi kutalika kwa mikono mpaka 30 sentimita. Tarantula iyi ilinso ndi mtundu woyambirira, wakuda pakatikati pake imasanduka imvi kumapeto kwa matako.
Kangaude amatetezedwa ndi tsitsi loyaka, motero muyenera kusamala kuti musagwidwe ndi zovuta zonse.
Kangaude wamkulu wa nkhanu
Kutalika kwa masentimita 25 kumathandizira kuti kangaudeyu azitha kukwera mosavuta m'mitengo ndikugwera mumakola ambiri. Miyendo ya kangaude yosaka ndi yopindika, ndichifukwa chake adapeza dzina lachilendo chotere.
Komwe chimphona chotere chimakhala pakati pa arachnids ndi nkhalango zaku Australia, pomwe zimakonda kubisala pansi pa miyala kapena makungwa a mitengo yamphamvu. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a miyendo, iye sangathe kupita patsogolo, komanso mwachangu kwambiri - kumbali.
Chosangalatsa cha zizolowezi za nkhanu ndi chakuti mzimayi modzitchinjiriza, amateteza nkhosayo ndi ana.
Goliati tarantula
Kukula kodabwitsa kwa kangaude kumatengera dzina lake lalikulu komanso lamphamvu. Goliath tarantula ndiye kuti ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Masentimita makumi atatu sentimita, thupi lamatsitsi lalikulu limapatsa chidwi ngakhale olimba mtima kwambiri.
Kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi anasankhidwa ndi nkhalango zobiriwira za nkhalango zotentha za ku America. Kakavulu imangodzigwetsa kwa munthu amene wabisalira, kanyentchera ndi kugwera.
Zakudya za kangaudeyu zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, anyani, mitundu iliyonse ya njoka, koma iye samadya mbalame, ngakhale imakhala ndi dzina la mitundu.
Pansipa mutha kuwona kanema wodabwitsa ndi kangaude wokongola komanso wamkulu uyu.
Pomaliza
Pa chithunzichi: kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wagwirapo.
Pofotokoza mwachidule kangaude wamkulu 10 padziko lapansi, tinaphunzira momwe woimira wamkulu wa banja lalikulu la arachnids amawoneka. Muyenera kuvomereza kuti mawonekedwe a ena a iwo amachititsadi mantha, ndipo pakati pa anzanu ndi omwe mumawadziwa pali anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la arachnophobia.
Ma spider padziko lapansi ndizofala kwambiri, ndipo amatha kupezeka m'makona onse a pulaneti lathu lodabwitsa. Ena mwa iwo ali ndi zoopsa zakupha, pomwe ena akhala ziweto. Pakadali pano, akonzi a TheBiggest amaliza nkhaniyi. Chonde lembani ndemanga za akangaude akulu kwambiri.
Zambiri zakunja
Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawoneka ngati chimphona chachikulu cha tarantula zitha kudziwika motere:
- moyo wabwinobwino,
- moyo wautali poyerekeza ndi oimira ena,
- Tsitsi limakhala pakhungu la kachiromboka, komwe limayamba kuphatikizana pochita ngozi.
- kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 10, ndipo malekezero osiyanasiyana ofika pafupifupi masentimita 28. Tarantula imafika kukula kwamtunduwu ikakula. Komanso, mwachilengedwe, akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo,
- utoto wathupi ukhoza kupakidwa utoto wowoneka ndi utoto wofiira,
- anthu onse ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya miyendo iwiri, iwiri ndi miyendo ndi chelicera,
- goliath tarantula mu chelicera ili ndi poizoni, yemwe amatha kupha nyama pogwira ntchito yosaka. Munthu sayenera kuchita mantha ndi ma tarantulas anapoizoni, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa zovuta zonse, poizoni wawo sangathe kuwononga thanzi.
Zochita kunyumba
Palibe malamulo enieni osungira arachnids akuluakulu kunyumba. Komabe, pali malingaliro angapo omwe akuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tipewe chiweto ku imfa ndi matenda angapo:
- boma. Velini ya arachnid pet iyenera kupangidwa ndi plexiglass. Kukula wamba ndi 30 * 30 * 30. Mpweya wabwino uyenera kuchitikira padenga la khola,
- pansi. Ma flakes a coconut nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. Popeza ma tarantulas nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wabwino, tizilombo timakonda kubowola mabowo ndi kubisala chifukwa cha kutentha komweko,
- chinyezi. M'masitolo, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona zida zapadera zoyezera mulingo wazinyontho mu terariamu. Chifukwa chake, kukhalabe momwe mungafunire ndikosavuta. Kangaude wamkulu kwambiri amafunikira chinyontho cha 90 peresenti. Kuti tisunge zofunikira, ndikokwanira kupopera makoma nthawi ndi pansi ndi mfuti yopopera.
- Kutentha kwambiri kwa kangaude wamkulu sikotsika kuposa madigiri 24. Zotsimikizika zidachokera kumayiko otentha. Ndiye chifukwa chake tizilombo timafunikira nyengo yotentha,
- Zowunikira siziyenera kukhalapo mu terarium. Popeza goliath ndimakhala usiku, salola kuwala kowala komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwa arthropod. Nthawi zambiri, obereketsa amaika nyali za mwezi. Ali ngati usiku wotentha,
- pa mimba, chachikazi kapena kusungunuka nthawi zonse kumaletsedwa kusokoneza tizilombo. Kangaudeyu ayeneradi kutaya exoskeleton yakale. Ngati pakadali pano ataletsedwa, ndipo sakanatha kupirira njirayo, tarantula imwalira nthawi yomweyo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Makina a kangaude wamkulu kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana:
- maluwe a nsangalabwi
- tizilombo
- zazikazi zazing'ono zazing'ono.
"Zabwino" zonsezi zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo ambiri azinyama ku Moscow.
Kunyumba, achikulire amangofunika kudya kamodzi pa sabata. Ziweto zazing'ono, m'badwo wachinyamata umafuna kudya zoposa katatu pa sabata.
Kuswana
Kuthengo, akazi a Goliati nthawi zambiri amadya mzawo akamaliza kudutsa. Pakupita milungu iwiri, mkazi wophatikiza amayamba kuluka coco, momwe nymph zambiri zimawonekera m'miyezi ingapo.
Cannibalism ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa akangaude achichepere.
Kunyumba, pofuna kupewa zodabwitsazi, mkazi amadyetsedwa chakudya chamagulu asanadutse, ndipo pambuyo pake mwamunayo adagawanika padera. Akangaude achichepere nawonso amakhalamo yaying'ono.
Kukonza za Terrarium
Kuti chiweto chachikulu chikhale chathanzi komanso chisangalalo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale ukhondo ku terarium. Kupezeka kwadongosolo komanso kusapezeka kwa ma virus komanso mabakiteriya mosakhudza zimakhudza thanzi la arthropod.
Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira kusuntha kangaude kukhala njira yowerengera ndikuyika magolovesi. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kuchitira khungu ndi ma cell omwe ali ndi mankhwala owopsa komanso fungo labwino.
Giant tarantulas, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo, ndi zolengedwa zovuta. Kamodzi kotala, ndikofunikira kusintha zinyalala ndikuyeretsa bwino aviary.
Ukhondo, ukhondo komanso malo abwino muotchire samangokulitsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa woimira arthropod, komanso amathandizira ma gigas kuti akhale athanzi komanso achimwemwe.
8. Camera Spider (Solfigae) - thupi 5-7 masentimita, mwendo kutalika 12-15 cm
Kumene amakhala: m'dera lililonse lachipululu. Ndinu otetezeka (kuchokera pa kangaudeyu) ku Australia. Sanawonedwe ku Antarctica ngati izi zikuthandizani.
Kangaudeyu, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti salpuga, ali ndi dzina losadziwika kuti ngamila zodyera chakudya cham'mawa. Sindikukhulupirira? Ndipo zili choncho. Anatchedwa "ngamila" chifukwa cha "zipsera" pamutu pake. Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, kangaude wowopsa amalumphira kwambiri mokwanira ndipo amatha kugwira ndi mphamvu zake zamkati (zamkati) pazomwe zili pamwamba pake. M'chipululu, izi nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku kubuula kwa ngamila.
Nsagwada za salpugi ndizolimba kwambiri mpaka zimatha kubaya msomali wa munthu. Mu kanema wokhala ndi akangaude akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ma salpogs amawoneka owopsa kwambiri, makamaka ngati muyang'ana chibwano chawo kuchokera kumbali. Mano ake ndi m'mphepete mwake akuwonekera bwino.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyoti kangaudeyu alibe poizoni. Nkhani yoyipa ndiyakuti ngati akakuluma, uvunda zinyalala za chakudya ungalowe m'mabala, ndipo izi zitha kubweretsa kutupa kwambiri.
7. Hercules Baboon Spider - kukula kwa thupi kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 cm, kutalika kwamiyendo mpaka 20 cm
Komwe amakhala: m'maiko aku Africa monga Niger, Benin, Ghana, Cameroon ndi Nigeria.
Chithunzi chokhacho chodziwika bwino cha anyani a Herculean anagwidwa ku Nigeria zaka zana zapitazo ndipo amakhala mu Natural History Museum ku London. Inatchedwa dzina lachizolowezi chodya nyani (nthabwala). M'malo mwake, kangaudeyu amatchedwa kuti kufanana kwa miyendo yake ndi zala zake. Popeza palibe amene wawona kangaudewu kwa nthawi yayitali, pali lingaliro kuti lidasowa kumaso kwa Dziko lapansi. Mwa mtundu wowoneka bwino, amatha kumakhala ndi moyo pansi, pamaso pa anthu.
Wachibale wapafupi wa nyani wa Herculean, kangaude wamfumu (Pelinobius muticus) amakhala ku East Africa, ndipo wina wina wogwirizana - Harpactirinae - wotchuka chifukwa cha nkhanza komanso kusachita bwino komanso ndi poyizoni wamphamvu.
6. Zodzikongoletsera tarantula-rajai (Poecilotheria rajaei) - thupi 8 cm, miyendo kutalika mpaka 20 cm
Kumene amakhala: pamitengo yakale kapena nyumba zakale ku Sri Lanka ndi India.
Ma Tarantulas sakhala ku Central ndi South America kokha. Turu yayikulu kukula kwa nkhope ya munthu imasinthasintha nkhalango ku Sri Lanka, ndipo idasamukira kumakomo omwe adasiyidwa. Amakonda kudya mbalame, abuluzi, makoswe, ngakhale njoka.
Mtunduwu udapezeka posachedwapa, mu 2009. Ndipo dzina lake Poecilotheria rajaei adalandira polemekeza wapolisi Michael Rajakumar Purajah, omwe amayang'anira asayansi panthawi yomwe amachoka.
5. Colantian Giant tarantula (Megaphobema robustum) - thupi 8 cm, kutalika kwake mpaka 20 cm
Komwe amakhala: nkhalango zotentha za ku Brazil ndi Colombia.
Yemwe ali ndi banja la tarantula amadya mbewa, abuluzi ndi tizilombo tina tambiri, mutha kuugwiritsa ntchito kuwononga tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Sichoweretsedwa ku Russia, ndipo aliyense wosonkhetsa-arachnophile akufuna kuti akhale Colombian wokongola.
Pa miyendo yakumaso ya nyamayi pamakhala timizinga tomwe kangaudeyu amatsutsa ndikuthana ndi adani. Kwa munthu, samakhala wankhanza, koma amaluma nthawi zina. Ululu wa tarantula chimphona cha Colombia siupha, koma pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kuyanjana. M'mawu akuti, ichi si chiweto choyenera kwambiri.
4. Brazil wakuda tarantula (Grammostola anthracina) - thupi 16-18 cm, paw span 7-10 cm
Kumene amakhala: ku Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil ndi Argentina.
Onetsetsani kuti mukuyendera South America ngati mukufuna akangaude akulu. Gramostol anthracin - amodzi mwa mitundu ya tarantulas, yomwe imakonda kwambiri chifukwa cha "ubweya" wake wakuda wakuda ndi sheen wachitsulo. Sangakukomeni ngati simungayiwale kumudyetsa mphemvu kapena mitengo. Komabe, tsitsi lalitali pamiyendo ndi torso ya tarantula ya ku Brazil imatha kuyambitsa kukwiya pakakumana ndi khungu la munthu.
3. Kangaude wa mahatchi (Lasiodora parahybana) - thupi 8-10 cm, kutalika kwake mpaka 25 cm
Kumene amakhala: m'nkhalango za Brazil. Ichi ndi chiweto chodziwika, chifukwa mumatha kuchiwona m'masitolo a ziweto ndipo mwina munyumba yoyandikana.
Lachitatu la akangaude akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi amaberekanso mosavuta mu ukapolo ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi omvera. Komabe, akakwiya, kangaude wam'malo amatha kuluma, osati owopsa kwambiri, koma m'malo mopweteka. Komanso, nyama izi zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chothandiza kuphatikiza tsitsi lomwe likuyaka pachiwopsezo.Chifukwa chake, musayandikire kangaude pafupi ndi maso anu.
2. Kangaude wamkulu wosaka (Heteropoda maxima) - thupi 4.6 masentimita, kutalika kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 cm
Komwe amakhala: m'mapanga a Laos okha, koma akangaude akulu osakira ofanana ndi iye amakhala m'malo onse ofunda padziko lapansi.
Pomwe Goliath tarantula (woyamba pa mndandandawu) amaonedwa ngati kangaude wamkulu kwambiri Padziko Lonse, kangaude wamkulu kwambiri ali ndi miyendo yayitali. Kuchuluka kwawo kukufika pa 25 mpaka 30 cm.
Akangaude awa ndi owopsa osati kwa adani awo achilengedwe, komanso kwa anthu. Akakuluma, angafunike kupita kuchipatala. Ngati mukukhala malo otentha ndipo munamvapo phokoso lokhala ngati wotchi ya quartz, muyenera kudziwa: kwinakwake komwe kuli Heteropoda maxima. Ndipo ngati simuli wamkazi wa kangaude wamkulu, muyenera kuthawa.
1. Goliath tarantula (Theraphosa blondi) - thunthu 10.4 masentimita, kutalika kwake mpaka 28 cm
Komwe amakhala: m'miyala m'nkhalango zotentha ndi m'mapiri a kumpoto kwa South America.
Ndi ichi, kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pa chithunzicho, amawoneka wowopsa, ndipo osati popanda chifukwa. Goliath tarantula ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya tarantula. Blond teraphosis imatha kuluma munthu ndi ma fangs ake akuluakulu (1-2 cm), ndipo poizoni wake amafananizidwa ndi ululu komanso zotsatira zambiri za kupweteka kwa mavu.
Tsitsi lofiirira la "fluff" wamkuluyu limawopseza kwambiri, chifukwa limatha kukhalabe pakhungu ndi m'maso mwa munthu, ndikupangitsa kuyabwa ndi kupweteka masiku angapo.
M'modzi mwa a Theraphosa blondi adalinso ndi mwayi wokhala nawo mu Guinness Book of Records ngati woimira wamkulu wa mitundu yake. Kutalika kwa chifanizirochi, chomwe chinagwidwa ku Venezuela mu 1965, chinali mainchesi 28.
Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, kangaudeyu nthawi zina amadya mbalame zazing'ono monga ma hummingbird. Koma iyemwini amatha kutembenukira kwa msaki kukhala chiphaso chokoma. Anthu omwe amakhala kumalo okhala goliath tarantulas amagwira ndikudya (amamva ngati shrimp).
Ndipo pamapeto pake, chochititsa chidwi: Amuna a kangaude ali ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawu ofunikira kuteteza komanso kulumikizana mwakugonana. Akangaude akulu kwambiri amapanga phokoso lokwanira kuti anthu amve. Ndiye ngati mumva phokoso lachilendo usiku, mwina pali kangaude woganiza kale pafupi.