Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kukokomeza kwambiri dziko lathuli, komanso chifukwa choti chilengedwe chimavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira za munthu amene amaziwononga ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zamatekinoloje, ndipo nthawi zambiri amangoganiza za zinyalala ndi nyama, mitundu yambiri ya nyama, Kuyambira kale kwambiri omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Russia, anali atatsala pang'ono kutha.
Kuti muchepetse pang'ono njirayi ndikuphunzitsa anthu kuti asamalire zachilengedwe zomwe zimazungulira, Buku Lofiyira la Russia lidapangidwa. Mulibe nyama zokha, kuchuluka kwake komwe kukugwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa anthu, nthawi zina kumakhala kwa anthu angapo okha, komanso zomera, tizilombo, mbalame, bowa ...
Fisi kapena yofiyira
Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka mita 1, kulemera kwa 12 mpaka 21 kg, kumawoneka ngati nkhandwe, kwenikweni, kudavutika chifukwa cha izi. Asaka aukadaulo, osadziwa kwambiri zovuta zachilengedwe, anapulumutsa mtunduwu. Kwenikweni, nkhandwe ya kumapiri inkakopa anthu ndi ubweya wake wokongola, wowoneka bwino ofiira komanso "wowoneka bwino" - nsonga ya mchira, womwe, mosiyana ndi nkhandwe, inali yakuda. Nkhandwe yofiira imakhala ku Far East, ku China ndi Mongolia, imakonda kuyenda ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono - kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 15 anthu.
Akambuku a Amur (Ussuri)
Akambuku a Amur (Ussuri) ndi masamba osowa kwambiri omwe adakalipobe mdera lathu. Amadziwika kuti kumtunda kwa Sikhote-Alin, kugombe la amphaka amtchire akadali ochepa. Amur tiger amatha kutalika mita awiri. Mchira wawo umakhalanso wautali - mpaka mita imodzi.
Taimen, kapena taimen wamba
Taimen adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ndipo amatetezedwa makamaka m'magawo angapo a Russian Federation. Malinga ndi IUCN, anthu wamba achimisili amatha kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri mu mabeseni amtsinje 39 mwa 57: owerengeka okha omwe amakhala kumadera akutali amawoneka kuti ndi okhazikika.
Chibwana cha musk
Khwangwala wamkaka ndi nyama yokhala ndi ziboda kumawoneka ngati gwape, koma mosiyana ndi iyo, yopanda nyanga. Koma nguluwe ya musk ilinso ndi njira ina yotetezera - fangs ikukula pachiwono chapamwamba cha nyamayo, chifukwa chomwe cholengedwa chopanda vuto ichi, chinkaonedwa ngati vampire kumwa magazi a nyama zina.
Malo ogona m'nkhalango
Malo ogulitsa nkhalango adalembedwa mokhazikika mu Red Book la madera ena a Russian Federation. Awa ndi madera a Kursk, Oryol, Tambov ndi Lipetsk. Padziko lonse lapansi, mtunduwu umatetezedwa ndi Msonkhano wa Vienna. Imaphatikizidwanso pa Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN.
Ku Leopard Kakutali
Nyalugwe yaku Far East ndi nyama yanzeru yotchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira, yomwe sizidzakumana ndi munthu. Koma kodi bambo wathu akuganiza choncho? Ayi! Ngakhale oletsedwa, andibwi amapitilizabe kupha nyama izi, osati zokhazo. Zowonongedwa kwambiri komanso chakudya chachikulu cha nyalugwe - agwape ndi agwape. Kuphatikiza apo, pomanga misewu yayikulu ndi nyumba zatsopano, nkhalango zonse zimawonongedwa, ndikuchotsa zinyama ndi udzu wonse.
Matalala a Chipale (Irbis)
Wodabwitsanso wina wotchulidwa mu Red Book of Russia. Kukhazikika kwa nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa ndi mapiri a Central Asia. Ndi chifukwa chokhala m'malo ovuta komanso ovuta kuti nyamayi idasungabe kulembetsa kwawo mndandanda wa nyama zomwe zapezeka pa dziko lathu lapansi, ngakhale ndizosowa kale.
Amur goral
Magulu ambuzi zam'mapiri, omwe amakhala ku Primorsky Territory, oimira amtunduwu amasungidwa pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 8 anthu. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ku Russia ndikochepa - pafupifupi 700 anthu. Mtundu wofanana ndi Amur goral umapezeka pa Tibet Plateau ndi Himalayas.
Kulan
Ma subspecies a bulu waku Asia, pakadali pano chilengedwe sichimapezeka. Anthu ena adalembedwa ku Central Asia ndi Middle East. Kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa nyamazo, imodzi mwa malo osungirako nyama a Turkmenistan anakakamizika kutenga nyama zojambulidwa mwamagetsi.
Atlantic walrus
Malo omwe amakhala ndi ma Barents ndi Kara Seas. Kutalika kwa walrus wamkulu kumafika mpaka 4 metres, ndi kulemera - mpaka tani ndi theka. Pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la makumi awiri anali atatsala pang'ono kumaliza, tsopano, chifukwa cha zoyesa zachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa anthu pang'onopang'ono kumadziwika, koma palibe amene anganene zenizeni zamtunduwu, popeza ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zifike kumapazi a nyama izi popanda zida zapadera komanso zophulira ayezi.
Jeren
Chiwongola dzanja chaching'ono komanso chopepuka. Kutalika kwa amuna ndi mpaka 85 masentimita ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 40, nyanga zazikuni zakuda, mtundu wa ubweya ndi wachikasu. Zachikazi zimatalika mpaka 75 cm ndi kulemera kwa 30 kg. Anthano, omwe amakhala kumapiri ndi zipululu, anali kupezeka kumwera kwa mapiri a Altai, koma adathamangitsidwa kumeneko chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu m'malo awa.
Chikumbu cha ku Asia
Kambuku ya ku Central Asia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Chule la Caucasian (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica), ndi gulu la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zochokera kubanja la Feline. Mbiri iyi ya kambuku imakhala makamaka kumadzulo kwa Asia ndipo ndi wowala, koma wosowa kwambiri kwa genus Panther.
Awa ndi anthu ochepa chabe m'madela omwe chilengedwe chawo chikuwonongeka.
Mkango waku Africa
Mkango nthawi zonse wakhala mfumu ya nyama, ngakhale mu nthawi zakale nyama iyi inkalambira fano. Kwa Aigupto akale, mkango unakhala ngati cholengedwa, kuteteza khomo lolowera kudziko lina. Kwa Aigupto akale, mulungu wachonde Aker adajambulidwa ndi manewa wamkango. Masiku ano, zizindikiro zambiri za mayiko zikufanizira mfumu ya nyama.
Ngwete ya Bengal
Bengal tiger (Latin: Panther tigris tigris kapena Panther tigris bengalsis) ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a agalu a Carnivores, banja la Feline, ndi mtundu wa Panther. Akambuku a Bengal ndi nyama zakutchire za Bengal kapena Bangladesh, komanso China ndi India ndipo zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Chikopa cha Chikopa kapena Loot
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kamba wa zikopa (zotupa) amadzitama pamapepala onse ovomerezeka a dipatimenti yoyendetsa nyanja ya Republic of Fiji. Kwa anthu okhala pachilumbachi, kamba wam'nyanja akuimira kuthamanga ndi luso labwino kwambiri loyenda.
Mkango Marmosets
Malo apadera pakati pa anyani akale omwe amakhala ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono - anyani a mkango. Tsitsi lawo limayamba kuwoneka ngati loumbidwa ndi fumbi lagolide. Tsoka ilo, mtundu wamtunduwu uli pa amodzi mwa malo otsogola m'ndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa.
Mmbulu wamunthu
Ku South America, pali nyama imodzi yapadera yotchedwa nkhandwe yolusa (galu). Imakhala ndi mikhalidwe ya nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe ndipo ndi ya nyama yosinthanso zinthu. Guara ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: yokongola, yowoneka bwino kwa mmbulu, zolimbitsa thupi, miyendo yayitali, kupukutira miyendo ndi makutu akulu.
Brownie Shark kapena Goblin Shark
Kuperewera kwa chidziwitso ndi kulephera kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa asodzi omwe alipo lero omwe adalola asayansi kusankha pazomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu International Red Book ngati mtundu wocheperako komanso wosaphunzira bwino.
About Buku Lofiyira
Panopa ndizovuta kupeza munthu yemwe sakudziwa kuti Red Book ndi chiyani. Nkhani yake idayamba ndikulemba mndandanda wa nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi la asayansi ochokera kumayiko ambiri linagwira ntchito pazolengedwa zake zaka 50 zapitazo. Palingaliro lake, mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wa nyama unatchedwa Red Book. Red idasankhidwa ngati chizindikiro cha zoopsa zomwe zimadalira mbewu ndi nyama masiku ano.
Masiku ano, Buku Lofiyira ndi buku lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chokhudza nyama ndi zomera zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Pamodzi ndi mayiko ena, palinso Mabuku Ofiira a dziko lonse komanso akumayiko ena.
Ku Soviet Union, Red Book yokhudza zinyama idatulutsidwa mu 1978, buku lotsatira - mu 1984.
Mu 2001, Red Book of the Russian Federation lidasindikizidwa. Zinyama. " Inalemba zapa 414 taxa, kuphatikiza 259 ma vertebrates ndi 155 invertebrates. Mu 2008, "Red Book of the Russian Federation." Zomera ”, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu 652 yazomera.
Nyama zonse ndi zomera zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book zimagawidwa m'magulu, maulalo, mabanja ndipo zimaphatikizidwa mndandandandandawu, womwe umakhala ndi mayina a zinthu, mafotokozedwe achidule, zifukwa zolembera nyama ndi mbewu mu Buku Lofiyira.
Mtundu uliwonse umapatsidwa gawo laubwino, gulu lomwe limapangidwa pamaziko a zidziwitso zamayiko ndi machitidwe pophunzira nyama ndi mbewu ku Russia. Pali magulu asanu ndi mmodzi oyenerera; kuchokera pagulu 0 (mwina atasowa) kukhala gulu 4 (losamveka bwino) ndi 5 (manambala obwezeretsa).
Buku Lofiira limapereka nyama za Kum'mawa Kakutali, Altai, Russia wapakati, ndi Caucasus. Zitsanzo ndi zinyama zokwana 1066 za zomera ndi zinyama zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la Russian Federation.
Zaka zopitilira 18 zatha kuchokera pamene kope loyambirira la CC la Russian Federation lidayamba, koma anthu sanadikirebe kuti buku lachiwonetsero lachiwiri lipatsidwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndikulimbana kosatha pakati pa gulu lazachilengedwe ndi malo otchedwa kusaka. Omalizawo akuumirira kupatulidwa ku Red Book of Russia za taxa zosowa kwambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali, zowongoleredwa ndi zolinga zamalonda. Mwa iwo pali anthu 11 okhala m'madzi am'madzi: zisindikizo, ma dolphin, nsomba za whale ndi ena.
Kuphatikiza apo, akufuna kuti awachotse pamndandanda wofiira Ussuri wa deer, nthumwi ya banja laofera marten, kavalidwe kakang'ono ka ku Europe. Mkango wanyanja ya Steller ukuyembekezeredwa kuti usamutsidwe ku gulu lotetezedwa lozama. Kalata ya asayansi yokhudza kuphatikizidwa kwa Buku Lofiyira la chimbalangondo cha Himalayan kuchokera ku Far East, lomwe anthu sanamvetsetse bwino, sanalinyalanyaze.
Gulu lalikulu la asayansi linatumiza kalata wotsegukira kwa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi pempholo loteteza malingaliro a asayansi yachilengedwe za kuwopsa kwa kuphedwa kwa oyimira osowa kwambiri a nyama zaku Russia. Pomwe pakukambirana pakati pa magulu, omwe abwanamkubwa, amalonda, asayansi akutenga nawo mbali.
Giant fossa
Nyamayi ya nyama yotchedwa Cryptoprocta spelea, yomwe idapezedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, inali yayikulu kwambiri kuposa Cryptoprocta ferox wokhala ku Madagascar. Chilombo chimawoneka ngati mphaka wamkulu, wokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha chimbalangondo komanso mikhalidwe yosaka ya mongoose.
Nyama, monga foss yamakono ku Madagascar, idakwera mitengo mokongola, kusaka nyama zazing'ono zina, zokwawa, mbalame, tizilombo. Wodya nyama yayikulu adakhala mandimu, omwe chilombocho adachiwononga kuposa momwe akadakwanitsira kudya. Chifukwa cha izi, komanso chifukwa chowombera pafupipafupi nkhuku zakomweko, okhala pachilumbachi sanakonde nyama iyi, ndikuiwononga nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, mitundu ya C. spelea sinalinso pachilumbachi, ndipo mtundu wina kuchokera kubanja lino walembedwanso mu Red Book pakati paanthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
Mbudzi ya Dodo (Mauritius Dodo)
Nyama yosangalatsayi inali pachilumba chokongola kwambiri cha Mauritius. Mpaka pano, zithunzi za nyama zakhala zikusungidwa muzithunzi za Amateur zokha. Kulongosola kwa mbalameyo ndi zolemba m'magazini apamadzi, zina mwa nkhani zaomwe akuyenda.
Malinga ndi izi, mbalame ya dodo inali ndi maonekedwe oyera a bulauni, thupi lalikulu ndi miyendo yachikasu. Pamutu pake panali mulomo wabitali kapena wachikasu. Zomwe zapezedwa zikuwonetsa kuti mbalamezo zinali zazitali mita imodzi ndipo zimatha kulemera mpaka 18 kg.
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwakukulu kwa chakudya komanso kusapezeka kwa adani, mbalame pang'onopang'ono idataya maluso a kuuluka komanso chisamaliro. Oyendetsa sitima achi Dutch omwe adawonekera pachilumbachi m'zaka za zana la 16 adawononga nyama pofuna kubwezeretsa zotumiza ndi chakudya.
Adasaka mbalame zowoneka bwino: munthu adayandikira nyama ndikuipha ndi ndodo pamutu. Mbalameyi sinayesenso kuthawa, ndipo idayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mwamphamvu.
Apwitikizi, omwe adayendera chilumbacho ngakhale kale kuposa achi Dutch, adawapatsa dzina "Dodo" - lotanthauzidwa kuchokera ku Chipwitikizi ngati "idiot" kapena "wopusa". M'kati mwa zaka zana limodzi, mbalameyi idazimiririka pachilumbachi, ndipo anthu atazindikira, inali itatsala pang'ono kusintha kanthu.
Mu 60s, pokumbukira nyamayo, dodo yomwe idawonongeka idatengedwa ndi Darrell Natural Conservation Fund ngati chizindikiro ndi chizindikiro.
Ng'ombe ya Steller
Mitundu yazinyama zosapezekanso mu Red Book of Russia makamaka ndizofanizira. Ng'ombe yam'nyanja, kapena ng'ombe ya Steller, dzina ladziko lonse lasayansi Hydrodamalis gigas ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yam'madzi.
Zinapezeka ndi gulu la Bering mu 1741. Sitima ya wamkuluyo idasweka pafupi ndi chilumbacho, pomwe amalinyero adakakamizidwa kumanganso chombocho pafupifupi miyezi 10. Ogwira ntchito ofooka adathandizira nyama yanyama yosadziwika, yomwe, modabwitsa, idakhala yosavuta kupeza.
Ng'ombe zam'nyanja, momwe oyendetsa ake amawatchulira, pang'onopang'ono komanso modekha, osalabadira anthu, adasambira pafupi ndi gombe, ndikudya algae. Sanadziwe momwe angakhalire pansi ndikuzama. Dokotala wothamangitsa G. Steller, yemwe anali ndi chidziwitso china mu sayansi yachilengedwe, anali woyamba kuzindikira nyama kenako kuzifotokozera.
Anawerengera kutalika kwa thupi ndi 7.5 metres, ndipo kulemera kwa mkazi wotulutsidwa kunali matani 3.5. Pambuyo pake, mafotokozedwe a anthu ena anali ndi ziwonetsero zochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kutalika mpaka 8 m, kulemera mpaka matani 11.
Pambuyo pofalitsa za kugwidwa kosavuta, alenje adayamba kufika pachilumbachi ndipo zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake nyama sizidalinso pano. Mauthenga ochokera kumisonkhano ndi ng'ombe yakunyanja amabwera nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera kwa oyendetsa sitimayo, koma samapeza chitsimikizo. Nyama imalengezedwa kuti ndi mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mafupa ake amatha kuwoneka m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi.
Gulu loyamba
Nyama zangozi - iyi ndiye chiopsezo kwambiri cha taxi, yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa pagulu. Nyama zimalowa m'gulu loyamba, kuchuluka kwake komwe kuli pafupi ndi kofunikira pang'ono. Mukapanda kuchita zinthu zofunikira, chiwerengerochi chitha kuzimiririka mpaka kalekale m'gawoli.
Cheetah waku Asia
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunafuna cheetah, malo ogawirako omwe kale anali gawo lalikulu la India ndi Middle East. Adayamba kuzunzidwa ndi alenje ambiri chifukwa cha zikopa zake zokongola. Poyamba zidasowa kumayiko a India, komanso kumayiko a Middle East, kupatula Iran. M'zaka zoyambilira za 2000s, akatswiri adalemba pafupifupi nyama 100.
Chipembere cha Sumatran
Imodzi mwa mitundu isanu yaobowo amene amapezeka padziko lapansi. M'mbuyomu, wokhala kumadera ambiri akumvula yamvula ya South Asia, adakumana ku China. Mpaka pano, nyama zangokhala ku Sumatra, chilumba cha Borneo, ndi Peninsula ya Malaysia. Inathetsedwa chifukwa chofufuza nyanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala achi China. Masiku ano, chiwembu cha Sumatran chimati anthu osachepera 200.
Red Wolf
Woimira wotsatira waku Far East. Ilinso ndi mayina phiri, buanzu, Himalayan nkhandwe. Ili ndi ubweya wofiyira wokongola wokhala ndimtambo wofiirira. Mtundu wake ndi thupi lake ndi zofanana ndi nkhandwe, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi asaka ndikuwombera mimbulu ya nkhandwe yofiira.
M'zaka za zana la 19, mdani wina amakhala ku Altai, ku Khabarovsk Territory; kusamuka kwawo kudalembedwa ku Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Masiku ano, palibe umboni wotsimikizira kuti mimbulu ya kumapiri ili ku Russia. Mauthenga olekanitsidwa samakulitsa chidaliro pakati pa akatswiri. Koma ku Pakistan, India, Iran ndi Himalaya, chilombocho chimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Buku Lofiyira la Russia linamuphatikiza ndi gulu loyamba.
Amur tiger
Gawo "Zinyama Zam'mawa Akutali" la buku lofiira ndi losamveka popanda Amur tiger (Panthera tigris). Mwini wa Ussuri taiga ndiye nyama yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotchuka pakati pa anthu akumaloko.
Posachedwa, chiwerengero cha chilombochi chachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, njira zoteteza zomwe mabungwe aboma apanga, kulenga kwa machitidwe kuti apulumuke, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa ma artiodactyl m'malo okhala tiger, kunapangitsa kubwezeretsa anthu. Masiku ano pali zidziwitso kuti kuchuluka kwa nyamazi kukuyandikira kale anthu 700. Izi zikukwanira kukhalapo kwake kwawomwe kuli gawo logawidwa.
Mkango wanyanja
Kuyankha funsoli, ndi ziti nyama za malo oundana zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, aliyense wa ife adzatcha zisindikizo. Pakati pawo, chimphona chochokera ku banja la zisindikizo zam'madzi - mkango wam'nyanja - chikuwonekera. Steller adamupatsanso dzina lina - mkango wakumpoto wakumpoto.
Nyama yolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira idawonongedwa mwachangu m'zaka za zana la 19 ngati chinthu chogulitsira, koma m'zaka zotsatira idabwezeretsa anthu ake. Tsopano, molingana ndi kuyerekezera koyerekeza, pali anthu pafupifupi 12,000. Amakhala ku zilumba za Kuril, Kamchatka, Sakhalin.
Mitundu ina
Chimbalangondo cham'mapiri ku Siberia, a Okhotsk reindeer, imvi, phili, ndi chinsomba cha humpback zimaphatikizidwanso mu Buku Lofiyira kuchokera ku nyama za Kamchatka.
Nyama zakumpoto zochokera ku Red Book of Russia zimayimiridwanso ndi chimbalangondo, ma walrus, chinsomba cha wakupha, mutu wammutu ndi buluu wamtambo, chovala choyera, narwhal kapena unicorn.
Mbalame za Red Book of Russia, zomwe zidalandilanso gawo lachiwiri, zimangokhala ngati dokowe wakuda ndi mbewa yotuwa.
Manul
Mwa iwo omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia pali mphaka wamtchire - Pallas, dzina lachiwiri lomwe ndi mphaka wa Pallas. Nyama yodziwika bwinoyi imakhala kumapiri a mapiri a Altai ndi Transbaikal, ku Buryatia ndi Tuva. Zambiri pa manambala ake ndizovuta kupeza chifukwa chobisalira.
Ma dolphins
M'mapikisheni akudziko, nyama zosowa kwambiri ndi ma dolphin oyang'ana nkhope yoyera. Amakhala kunyanja za Baltic ndi Barents. Zinyama zazikulu - mpaka 3 mita kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka 350 kg - sizophunzitsidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhalabe kovuta kukhazikitsa.
M'malo momaliza
Pali masamba mu Buku Lofiyira, zomwe zimabweretsa malingaliro abwino. Uwu ndiye chidziwitso chokhudza taxa chomwe chimasamutsidwa ku gulu lachisanu. Gululi limatanthawuza mitundu yobwezeretsanso: kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe wamba.
Mwachitsanzo, ma sea otter kapena ma beaver am'madzi, omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Kuril Islands. Anachotsedwa mopanda chisoni chifukwa cha ubweya wake. Pambuyo poletsa kupangidwa kwake, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kuchokera ku Red Book of Russia kwatukuka kwambiri ndipo tsopano otter wanyanja wasamutsidwira ku gulu lachisanu.
Zitsanzo zofananira za zomera ndi nyama zolembedwa mu Red Book of Russia zimafotokoza bwino chifukwa chake mbewu ndi nyama zikufunika kutetezedwa.
Kutetezedwa kwa nyama zaku Russia ku Red Book ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa boma ndi anthu. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka komanso momwe angakhalire mwachilengedwe.
Zosangalatsa zokhudza nyama za buku lofiira zitha kupezeka patsamba lake, komanso pamasamba amabuku am'madera. Chifukwa chake, buku lofiyira la KCR, limasimba za nyama zadzikoli, mitundu 156 yomwe imafunikira chitetezo kuti ichotse.
Zinyama zosawerengeka kuchokera ku Buku Lofiira
Kufika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) idakhazikitsa Commission on Rare Species, yomwe idapanga mndandanda wazinthu zachilengedwe womwe uli pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Mndandandawu umatchedwa Red Data Book. Buku Loyamba la IUCN Lofalitsidwa mu 1963 ndipo lakhala likuwongoleredwa nthawi zambiri. Tsopano pansi pa dzina wamba pali mindandanda ingapo nthawi imodzi: kuchokera pazonse - zapadziko lonse - mpaka zigawo.
- Padziko lonse (IUCN). Monga tanena kale, mndandanda woyamba wa IUCN Red Book udapangidwa mu 1963 ndipo udayambidwanso. Buku lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi chikalata chogwira ntchito mopitilira, koma ngati mtundu wina uliwonse kuchokera pamenepo utatha kukhala pangozi yotha, tsamba “lofiira” limakhala "lobiriwira".
- Padziko lonse Mabuku ofiira ndi mtundu wa "nthambi" yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, pali mndandanda wa mitundu yosavomerezeka ya nyama ndi zomera zomwe zikupezeka m'dziko lathu. Malinga ndi lamuloli, Buku Lofiyira la Russia liyenera kusindikizidwa kamodzi pachaka khumi. Tsopano mndandandawu uli ndi mitundu 231, mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri mwa mitundu ya mamalia. Mu 2017, buku latsopano la Red Book lidayenera kumasulidwa, komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe kamisomalo, mndandanda wapano wa taxa sunavomerezedwe.
Pa cholembera
Kuphatikizidwa kwa taxon mu Red Book of Russia kumamupatsa chitetezo, ndiye kuti, mtunduwu umaletsedwa zokha kuti upangidwe, kaya ndi chomera, bowa, nyama zapamwamba, mbalame kapena nyama.
- Zachigawo Mabuku ofiira ndi cadastre amitundu yokhala pachiwopsezo pachigawo cha aliyense, republic, etc. Pali mabuku opitilira 50 a Red Russia ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, Buku Lofiyira la Kamchatka, Dera la Voronezh, ndi Republic la Chuvash. Zachidziwikire, ambiri, mndandanda wam'madera umapereka zambiri zokhazokha za mtundu umodzi kapena wina, koma pazambiri zidziwitso zitha kukhala zokwanira (mwachitsanzo, Golomyanka, Baikal mola).
Mammal adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia
Monga tanena kale, masiku ano mndandanda wa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi komanso yosatetezeka mdziko lathu muli opitilira 70.
Zothandizira
Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo mitundu inayi: Daurian hedgehog, Russian muskrat, mohair waku Japan, chimphona chachikulu.
Matumba
Pali oimira asanu ndi awiri omwe amachokera mu Red Book: chonyamulira yaying'ono cha akavalo, Megeli chonyamula mahatchi, chonyamulira chachikulu cha akavalo, kuwala kowala usiku, kuwala kwamadzulo kwamitundu itatu, kuwala kwakukulu kwamadzulo, komanso wamba wokhala ndi mapiko.
Zodzikongoletsera
Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya makoswe ili m'ndandanda wazovuta: tarbagan (Mongolian marmot), Baikal Black-capped marmot, West Siberian and Tuvan subspecies of river river, great mole rat, Manchu kuchor, yellow pied.
Zotsogola
Mu Red Book of Russia, izi, mwatsoka, ndi mndandanda wambiri, womwe umaphatikizapo malingaliro a mabanja angapo nthawi imodzi:
- agalu: Nkhandwe ya Mednovsky arctic, nkhandwe yofiira,
- bearish: chimbalangondo,
- cunyi: Transbaikal solongoy, Amur steppe polecat, Caucasian European mink, nyambo, Caucasian otter, nyanja otter,
- feline: Mphaka wa ku Caucasian, mphaka, manul, nyalugwe wa Amur, nyalugwe Wakum'mawa, Ingwe yaku East Asia, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa.
Zitsamba
Banja ili, kudzera mu vuto la mtundu wa anthu, lavutika kale kwambiri, ndipo tsopano mitundu isanu ndi inayi ku Russia kokha ili pafupi kutha padziko lapansi. Izi zikuphatikiza: mkango wam'nyanja, Atlantic ndi Laptev subspecies a walruses, subspecies ya Europe ndi Kuril ya chisindikizo wamba, mbiri ya Baltic ndi Ladoga ya chisindikizo chokhala ndi zingwe, komanso Baltic ndi Atlantic subspecies a grey sign.
Cetaceans
Cadastre ochulukirapo kwambiri mu Red Book of Russia. Mitundu ndi mitundu yotsatirayi imawoneka yosatetezeka: Atlantic yoyera, yokhala ndi maonekedwe oyera ndi maimphona, ma dolphins aku North, Atlantic, North Pacific ndi Black Sea subspecies a porpoises, whale wakupha wamphongo, narwhal, botolo lotupa lalitali, whale ku Japan.
Sankhani
Akavalo ndi masewera a Przhevalsky adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Artiodactyls
Pamndandanda wamitundu 11 ndi mitundu ya nyama: Sakhalin musk deer, Ussuri wa agwape, Novaya Zemlya ndi malo amtchire a reindeer, dzeren, njati, Amur goral, bezoar mbuzi, Altai phiri ram, Yakut ndi Putoran subspecies a nkhosa.
Monga mukuwonera, mndandanda wazamoyo zolembedwa mu Red Book ndiwokulira. Komabe, mitundu ina imatetezedwa mwapadera. Tilankhula za iwo ndi njira zoteteza pansipa.
Kutetezedwa kwa mitundu yanyama komanso yomwe ili pangozi
Chimodzi mwa mabungwe akuluakulu komanso otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi WWF (WWF). Fund sasiya popanda chidwi vuto la mitundu yomwe ili pangozi ku Russia. Tsopano ntchito zingapo zikuchitika nthawi imodzi.
Amur tiger
Wotsogola uja anali wopanda mphamvu pamaso pa anthu achitetezo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, zinthu zinafika povuta kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa akambuku kunali kocheperako makamaka chifukwa cha olakwa. Pofika mu 2005, chifukwa cha kutenga nawo gawo kwa WWF, zidakwanitsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu 450, ndipo patatha zaka khumi chiwerengerocho chidafika pa 540. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zomwe zidatengedwa kuti zikule malo otetezedwa, ndipo lero 25% ya "tiger malo" ili chitetezo. Komabe, izi sizokwanira: Kukula kwachinyamata nthawi zambiri kumakakamizidwa kuyang'ana gawo "lake" m'malo osatetezeka a taiga, malire ake, mwa njira, akuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kudula mitengo.
Ntchito yayikulu yoteteza akambuku a Amur ndikuwapatsa anthu gawo lokwanira, komanso chakudya.
Reindeer
Chiwerengero cha nyama iyi, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe, chikucheperachepera: ngati zaka 50 zapitazo anthu anali pafupifupi 1,500,000, pakadali pano sizikukwana 1,000,000 - Ziwopsezo, kusaka mosasamala, kuchepetsa malo odyetserako nyama - zonsezi zimawopseza nyamazo ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa m'malo ovuta.
WWF, limodzi ndi ntchito zam'madera, nthawi zambiri amazinga ozembetsa ndipo amagwira ntchito kuti adziwitse anthu ambiri.
Atlantic walrus
Kuchepetsa kuphimba kwa madzi oundana ku Arctic ndi "zonyansa" zomwe zimangosungidwa kumalo osungirako mafuta a Arctic zikukhala ngozi yeniyeni kwa ma walruse. Chifukwa cha ntchito za WWF pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, zakhala zikuwathandiza kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso moyo wawo moyenera.
Pofuna kukopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri momwe angathere pamavuto a kuphunzira ndi kusunga mawonekedwe apadera, mu 2007 WWF idayambitsa tchuthi chapadziko lonse - Walrus Day.
Chimbalangondo
Mtunduwu sudalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, komanso mu kaundula wa mitundu yovuta ya IUCN. Komabe, ozembetsa, kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kutentha kwanyengo zikupitiliza kuchepetsa anthu ochepa.
WWF adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga "Njira Yotetezera Polar Bear ku Russian Federation", ndipo kwazaka zambiri Fund yakhala ikuyendetsa pulogalamu ya Bear Patrol, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa mikangano pakati pa chimbalangondo ndi munthu. Mothandizidwa ndi WWF, maulendo amapita kukasewera ndikuwunika zimbalangondo za anthu osiyanasiyana.
Chikumbu cha ku Asia
Adani omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ndiye mlendo wosowa kwambiri mdera la North Caucasus. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukopa kwa anthu: kuchulukitsa kwa akambuku kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 19, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, nyalugwe anazimiririka m'dera la Caucasus la Russia.
Mu 2006, "Program for kubwezeretsa (kukonzanso) kwa nyalugwe wakufupi ndi Asia ku Caucasus" idakhazikitsidwa, ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia mogwirizana ndi WWF ndi Russian Academy of Science. Mu 2016, anthu atatu oyambilira adamasulidwa kuthengo kuchokera ku nazale. Mu 2018, abale ena atatu adalowa nawo. Amayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.
Ng'ombe yamphongo yokhayo ku Europe yomwe idakalipobe mpaka pano. Chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zoyesayesa, njati zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha tsopano zili ndi mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 kunatsala pang'ono kuwononga ng'ombe zamtchire ku Europe, kuwombera kosalamulirika kunangoyima mchaka cha 2000.
Njira yoyamba "Kuteteza Njuchi ku Russia", yokonzedwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa WWF, idavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russian Federation mu 2002. Pakadali pano, buku lachiwiri la Strategy lidakonzedwa.
WWF Russia idathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mdziko la Europe. Masiku ano, njuchi zoposa 500 zoyera bwino zimadya bwino pano. WWF-Russia tsopano ikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa njati ku North Caucasus: pali magulu awiri oyenda mwaulere m'derali, omwe alipo oposa 100.
Chipale Chofewa
Mwinanso cholusa chodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi - kambuku wa chisanu - sikuti ndi wokongola komanso nyama zosowa kwambiri. M'mayiko omwe gawo lawo limapezeka kuti ndi nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa, amalembedwa mu Red Book. Palibe anthu opitilira 4,000 omwe atsala pa dziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa ku Russia kuli kokha 1-2% ya anthu padziko lapansi a mitundu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa WWF, m'chigawo cha Russia cha Altai-Sayan ecoregion pali anthu pafupifupi 70-90 anyalugwe
Mu 2002, atayambitsidwa ndi WWF Russia, "Njira Yotetezera Chipale cha Chipale ku Russia" idakonzedwa, ndipo idavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia. Mtundu wosinthidwa wa "Strategy" wavomerezedwa mu 2014.
Thumba la Zinyama Zamtchire, limodzi ndi mabungwe ena, likuyesetsa kuthetsa ukazitape m'malo azisungidwe ankhandwe ndipo akupanganso mapulogalamu oti agwiritse ntchito asodzi akale pantchito zosamalira nyama. Ntchito ikupitiliridwanso ntchito kuwongolera zoweta zamtchire, zomwe ndi chakudya chachikulu cha kambuku.
Zinyama zamtchire ndi tcheni chimodzi, kotero kutayika kwa ulalo sikungakhudze mphamvu ya chingwe chonse. Kutha kwa mitundu iliyonse kumakhala ndi zotsatira zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe. Kuti tipeze mawonekedwe osalala, ogwedezeka kale ndi mphamvu ya anthu, tiyenera kumenyera chitetezo chachilengedwe mokwanira komanso kuteteza zinyama ndi zomera zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulowa.
Momwe mungathandizire mitundu yanyama yosowa m'gulu la Red Book?
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuthandizira kufalitsa uthenga wokhudza momwe zinthu ziliri komanso zomwe zikufunika kuchitidwa. Kachiwiri, mutha kulowa nawo odzipereka. Chachitatu, perekani ndalama ku thumba.
WWF imakhalapo makamaka pazopereka zaufulu zomwe zimaperekedwa pazosowa zofunikira komanso zapano. Nyama zimafunikira mankhwala, katemera, akatswiri amafunika misampha ya kamera, ndipo magulu othana ndiizolowezi amafunikira zida. Ngakhale zopereka zazing'ono zimathandizanso kubwezeretsa gawo la zomwe zimafunikira, ndipo zopereka zomwe zimatengedwa pamodzi zimatsanulira zochuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, simungangopereka ndalama, koma mugule zikumbutso zabwino ndi mphatso za abale: ma thermoses, zibangili ndi zoseweretsa zokhala ndi zizindikiro za Fund. Chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anthu masauzande ambiri, WWF ili ndi mwayi woteteza chilengedwe nthawi ina iliyonse patsiku, patsiku lililonse la sabata komanso nyengo.
Chipale chofunda
Nyamayi imakhala ku Western Siberia, ku Chukotka ndi Kamchatka. Amakwera miyala ndi mapiri mokwanira, zomwe zimateteza kwa adani. Adani achilengedwe ndi mimbulu komanso nkhandwe. Nyanga zazing'ono zimawerengedwa ngati chiphaso chosaka, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa mitundu yagwa kwambiri. Masiku ano, nkhosa zokulira zimapezeka m'malo otetezedwa.
Narwhal
Nyama yochokera ku ma cetaceans omwe amakhala ku Arctic Ocean. Wosanjikiza wamafuta umapulumutsa kuzizira zamkati. Pogwiritsa ntchito kansalu, amapanga mabowo opumira mu madzi oundana. Gwero lalikulu la zakudya ndi mollusks ndi crustaceans, komanso mitundu ya nsomba ya pansi. Nambala yeniyeni sikudziwika. Zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuwononga nyanja, kupha nyama, kulosera.
Chisindikizo cha doko
Nyamayi imakhala m'madzi onse oyandikana ndi Nyanja ya Arctic. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi ma bays ndi gombe lotetezedwa ndi mphepo. Nyama za Killer ndi zimbalangondo zaposachedwa adani ndi adani achilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha zisindikizo chikuchepa chifukwa cha kupha anthu, kuwonongeka kwa nyanja, komanso zochitika zambiri za anthu mdera lamphepete mwa nyanja.
Korona wakuda
Mitundu yocheperayi imakhala ku Siberia ndi Far East. Mbalame zimakhala pachakudyera, m'malo otetezeka ndi mapiri. Gwero la zakudya ndi zipatso, mizu, mbewu.Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu kumakhudzidwa ndi kukokoloka kwa madambo, kuwonongeka kwa madzi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pochita zachuma.
Sterkh
Nyama yam'madziyo imangokhala kum'mwera kwa Western Siberia. Mbalameyi imakonda kukonzera zisa m'misamba ya taiga. Chakudya ndicho mbewu, crustaceans, makoswe. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyanika kwa matupi amadzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe ku Russia.
Sitepe ya steppe
Mbalameyi imakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Central Asia. Wotseka wa steppe amapanga zisa pansi, pakati m'nkhalango. Amasilira makoswe, zokwawa ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Anthu ali pafupi kutha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chakudya.
White seagull
Mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Arctic. Chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa mbalame ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Mbidzi zam'madzi zimadyanso crustaceans ndi nsomba. Asayansi alibe mgwirizano pakuchepa kwa mitundu yazamoyo. Akuyerekeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, zakuba komanso kutentha kwanyengo zikukhudza anthu.
Chiuno chakumaso
Mtundu wa mbalame zosamukira kumenezi ndi Alaska, Norway, Finland, North America ndi kumpoto kwa Russia. Zovala za m'chiuno mu tundra zone ndi kunyanja. Cholinga chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kusamukira kumpoto ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zokopa alendo komanso asodzi a anthu okhala pagombe. Waterfowl amagwera mu maukonde a asodzi ndikufera momwemo. Mbalame zodandaula sizibwerera zisa zawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Mazira a loon nawonso ndiwo chakudya cha anthu omwe amadya.
Zotulutsa
Gulu lodzala ndi nyama ku Russia limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yoposa 70, yomwe pafupifupi 2o yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Zimapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Zoyipa zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapezeka ndikulengedwa ndikupanga malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, kuwonongedwa kwa madera amphepete mwa nyanja komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitengo. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimasamba monga chakudya ndipo kumapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke.
Kumpoto Kummawa
Derali lili pachilumba cha Kuril cha Kunashir. Buluzi umatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mphepete mwa nkhalango. Skink nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo a anthu ena, ikavulazidwa ikhoza kuchoka kwa mdani. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi ntchito zachuma komanso kulosera kwa European mink.
Nsomba zamkuwa
Mtundu wovulala wa njoka umakhala kumwera kwa Western Siberia ndi Caucasus. Copperfish imapezeka m'mphepete mwa dzuwa ndikutentha ndi pansi. Amabisalira adani pamakola nyama zina. M'malo odyetserako ndi abuluzi, anapiye ndi njoka. Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Anthu nthawi zambiri amapha njoka zosowa izi, akukhulupirira kuti ndi zapoizoni.
Gyurza
Njokayo imapezeka ku Caucasus. Poizoni wake amawononga kapangidwe ka maselo ofiira, choncho nyamayo ndi yakufa. Gyurza amadya makoswe, abuluzi ndi njoka. Munthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa anthu. Amaseseratu njoka chifukwa cha khungu, lomwe limakhala ndi mtengo wokongoletsa. Adani achilengedwe ndi mbalame zodya nyama.
Amphibians
Gulu laling'ono kwambiri laling'ono mdziko muno, la mitundu pafupifupi 30. Udindo wa amphibians ndi ovuta kudya: amadya tizilombo, tomwe timayambitsa matenda kapena tizirombo ta matenda osiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mitundu ya amphibians ku Russia ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Triton Karelina
Nyama imakhala ku Krasnodar Territory, Dagestan ndi Adygea. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi nkhalango za oak, mapiri a mapiri ndi malo opezekamo matupi amadzi. Kuchepa kwa ziwerengero kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kukoka kwa matupi amadzi. Masiku ano, mitunduyi imakhala m'madera osungirako a Krasnodar.
Reed toad
Nyamayi imakhala m'dera la Karelia. Bango la juba limakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mitengo ndi madambo. Zotsatira zakukula kwatsopano kwa magawo azachuma, munthu adawononga anthu ambiri amphibians. Mwamwayi, mitunduyo imaberekanso mu ukapolo.
Ussuri amawomba newt
Wotereyu amakhala ku Far East. Amakhala m'mitsinje yozizira komanso m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje. Maso ndizofunikira kuti pakhalepo. Amphibians amamvera kwambiri kusintha kwa anthropogenic m'malo awo okhala. Pakadali pano, Ussuri clawed newt imapezeka m'malo osungirako Far Far.
Chiwerengero cha nsomba chinatsika kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma XX. Zomwe zidachitika zinali zinthu monga kugwidwa kosalamulirika, kupanga madamu, kukonza matabwa, kukonza migodi, zomangamanga, komanso kuipitsa matupi amadzi ndi zinyalala za mafakitale. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamalonda ku Russia ikuchepa.
Atlantic sturgeon
Malo omwe amakhala ndi madzi a Baltic ndi Nyanja Yakuda, kutsuka gombe la Russia. Nsombazo amadya hamsa ndi hering'i. Choyipa chachikulu chamtunduwu ndi nsomba zochuluka. Anthuwo adatsika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matupi amadzi ndi kapangidwe ka hydro.
Trout trown
Nsomba zimakhala ku Nyanja za Caspian, Barents, Black and Baltic. Trout amakonda mitsinje yozizira mwachangu. Nsomba zimakonda kwambiri madzi ndipo izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamachepe. Anthuwo anakhudzidwanso ndi kukokedwa kwakukulu.
Chinese nsomba
Ku Russia, nsomba izi zimakhala kumapeto kwa mitsinje ya Amur ndi Ussuri. Nyamayi imakhala m'mayendedwe a matupi amadzi. Gwero la chakudya ndi nsomba zazing'ono zosagulitsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu panthawi yomwe China idabzala. Nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimafa chifukwa chosowa zakudya. Kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu kwathandizanso kwambiri chiwerengero cha perch aux.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nyama Padziko Lapansi. Sayansi imadziwa mitundu yoposa miliyoni miliyoni ya tizilombo, ndipo mwina mitundu ingapo yamamiliyoni angapo ikudikirira apainiya. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro oyipa kwa tizilombo, chifukwa kuluma, kuwononga mbewu ndikufalitsa matenda. Komabe, zolengedwa izi ndizofunikira kulumikizana ndi chakudya. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri takhala ku Russia, ndipo pafupifupi 100 okha ndi omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Bronze wofewa
Tizilombo timeneti timakhala pakati pa Russia. Mitundu ya bronze imakhala m'nkhalakale. Mamba amaphulika pamapondapondzo zovunda. Nthochi zimadyanso chakudya chokha. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi kwakhudzidwa ndi kufa kwa mitengo yakale, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, moto ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafakitale.
Chochititsa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nyama zizitha ku Russia komanso dziko lonse lapansi ndichinthu chachilengedwe chochita. Kusaka kosalamulirika, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwononga nyanja zam'madzi, kutentha kwa dziko - zonsezi zimawopseza mitundu yambiri ya zinyama. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiweto cha nyama, momwe zimagwirira ntchito pobereka komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zonse zasokonezeka.