Crested Merganser | |||||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Makanda |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | Abakha enieni |
Jenda: | Crested Mergansers (Ma Lophodyte Reichenbach, 1853) |
Onani: | Crested Merganser |
- Mergus cucullatus
Crested Merganser (lat. Lophodytes cucullatus) - mbalame ya abakha.
Kufotokozera
Zambiri zazikazi zazikazi zofiirira zazifupi zazifupi. Utoto ndi wofiirira, mlomo ndi imvi. Zazikazi zimalemera pafupifupi 550 g, zazimuna zimalemera pafupifupi 650 g.
Chovala chokomera, champhongo chimakhala ndi nthenga yayikulu kwambiri ya nthenga zoyera ndi zakuda pamutu pake. Zowonjezera za pachifuwa ndi mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera, pomwe mbali za thupi zili ndi nthenga zofiirira. Pulogalamu imakhala yachikasu kumaso, chikasu cha chikasu. Zovala zam'nyengo yozizira, abambo ndi ofanana ndi achikazi, osiyana nawo mtundu wa utawaleza ndipo makamaka ndimitundu yambiri yoyera yamawere awo. Amuna amayamba kusungunuka mu Juni ndipo kuyambira mwezi wa Okutobala amapezanso zovala zawo zomwe zikukula.
Kufalitsa
Crested Merganser ndiofala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za North America, m'malo otchedwa boral zone. Chimakhala m'madzi ozungulira m'nkhalango, m'malo otsetsereka, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Kuchulukana kwa anthu kumaderali kumakhala kotsika, chifukwa chimagwiritsa ntchito malo oti mitengo ikakhazikikepo ndikuwapikisano ndi mitundu ina, monga bakha la Caroline, gogol wamba, gogol yaying'ono ndi zazikulu merganser. M'malo ochezera, titha kuwonerera kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala.
Crested Merganser hibernates m'chigawo ndi m'mphepete mwa magombe a Atlantic ndi Pacific North America. Itha kuonedwa kumeneko kuyambira Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Crested Merganser ilinso ya mbalame zosamukira, zomwe zimayenda mtunda wochepa panthawi yothawa. Amayima nthawi yomwe amathawa makamaka pamitsinje.
Kuswana
Kuchita zachikazi kumayamba mu February, patatsala nthawi pang'ono kuti mbalame ziziyambira kupita kumalo opezekera. Matenga amachitika kale m'malo achisanu.
Crested Merganser imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisa cha mabowo a mitengo, omwe amakhala pamtunda wa 8 m pamwamba pa nthaka. Kudera lakumwera kwenikweni logawidwa, abakha amayamba kuthamanga kale kumapeto kwa Epulo. Kudera lakumpoto logawidwa, izi zimachitika mu Juni. Mu clutch kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 12 kuzungulira, mazira oyera oyera. Kugwedeza kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 30.
Yaikazi imasamalira anapiye, omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya m'mphepete mwa chomeracho. Nthenga za anapiyewo zimakhala zakuda zokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino pakhosi. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi zazikazi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofupika kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mapiko pakatha masiku 70. Mbalame zimatha kutha msinkhu pafupi zaka ziwiri. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo, amuna amakhala ndi zovala zokhwima.
Kufotokozera
Hood merganser ndi zithunzi zapadera za mitundu. Wamkazi wamkulu amakhala ndi thupi lofiirira komanso lophimba loyera pachifuwa ndi pamimba. Imakhala ndi kuwala kofiirira kofiirira komwe kumachokera kumbuyo kwa mutu. Munthawi yosabereka, yamphongo imakhala yofanana ndi ya akazi, kupatula kuti maso ake ndi achikaso ndipo maso a akazi ndi a bulauni.
Mukuvala kofananira kwa dera la dorsal ndi mutu, khosi ndi chifuwa cha wamphongo wachikulire, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda ndi zoyera.Kukhala ndi mawanga oyera mbali mbali zonse za crest, ndipo zimawonekera kwambiri pamene akweza chibwenzi chake nthawi yomwe ali pachibwenzi. Mbali zake zam'munsi zili ndi zofiirira zofiirira kapena zamtundu wamtundu, ndipo mabere ndi otsika amakhala oyera kapena ochepera, akumadutsa zingwe zoyera pazikhalidwe zonse ndi chifuwa.
Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yocheperako kumapiko a nthenga, mbalame ikagona mpamene imawoneka ngati mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo kwa mbalame kumbuyo, ngati ikuwoneka.
Choyamba, mbalame za nthawi yozizira zimasiyana ndi zazikazi zazikulu pakuwoneka kuti zimakhala ndi khosi lofiirira komanso gawo lakumtunda, kumtunda kwa akazi akuluakulu kumakhala kwamdima - pafupifupi wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zopendekera zoyera pang'ono pa nthenga zawo zazitali kuposa akulu. Akazi azaka zonse amakhala ndi maso akuda, pomwe amuna amuna amakhala ndi khungu lotentha nthawi yachisanu.
Kugawa ndi malo okhala
Osamukira kumayiko ena amayenda mtunda wautali ndi hood, ndipo nthawi yozizira ku United States kumadera komwe kumatentha nthawi yozizira amalola madzi opanda madzi mumadziwe, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Ali ndi magulu akulu akulu azaka ziwiri. Imodzi ili kum'mawa kwa United States kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada ndi malire a US kudutsa gombe la Atlantic kupita ku Gulf of Mexico ku Mississippi Delta. Chaka chocheperako chimachokera ku Washington State ndi kumwera kwa Briteni kumpoto kwa Idaho.
Kuphatikiza apo, zimaswana kwakutali m'malo a Missouri mpaka kumwera kwa Canada komanso kuchokera ku Nova Scotia kupita kum'mawa kwa North Dakota ndi Saskatchewan, kusamuka ndikofunikira kuti nyengo yachisanu isamavute.
Kuti akonde hoodyo, merganser amakhala m'madzi ochepa, monga ma dziwe ndi mitsinje yaying'ono, momwe mumapezeka madzi amadzimadzi okwanira, komanso amakhala m'malo okwanira, malo osungirako, nkhalango ndi mtsinje wosefukira. Amakonda madzi abwino, koma amapezekanso m'matupi amchere.
Kupitilira ku Europe
Ngakhale mitundu yojambulidwa yojambulidwa ku mtundu wina ku Europe ndipo mitundu yambiri ya nyama zam'tchire zimayesedwa ngati mphukira, mbalame zochepa zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zowononga kwambiri. UK tsopano ndi mbalame yoyamba kuvomerezedwa yomwe idawoneka kumpoto kwa Whist mu Okutobala 2000. Chiwerengero chochepa chimawonedwa ku Dublin, koma akuyenera kuchokapo.
Zakudya
Kambuku kamene kamayamwa ndi nyama yodumphira m'madzi yomwe imadumphira m'madzi ikamaoneka pansi pamadzi. Kafukufuku ambiri akuwonetsa kuti chakudya chake chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zilili, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa nsomba (44-81%). Kuphatikiza apo, imadya tizilombo toyamwa m'madzi (13-20% ya zakudya zake) ndi ma invertebrates ena am'madzi, monga nkhanu ndi nkhanu (22-50%).
Kubereka
Amuna ndi akazi ali m'makhanda amapanga chosakanikirana cha akazi amodzi okha, ndipo amakhalabe limodzi mpaka wamkazi atasankha khola laling'ono ndikumaliza kumugoneka. Pambuyo pake, champhongo chimasiya chachikazi kuti chikule ndi kusamalira ana. Akazi amafunafuna zolowa m'mitengo yakufa kapena m'mabokosi ochita kupanga, monga omwe amapangidwira zodzikongoletsera. Amakonda m'mizere mikono 4-15 kuchokera pansi. Kubalana kumachitika nthawi iliyonse kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni, kutengera dera.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira 7-15, koma imangoyambika pomwe dzira lotsiriza lagona, mwakutero limapereka kuwaswa nthawi yomweyo. Anapiye onse ndi ofanana kukula, omwe amathandizira chisamaliro chogwira mtima cha makolo. Pakukonzekera, wamkazi amatha kutsika kwinakwake pakati pa 8% ndi 16% ya thupi lake.
Monga mafoni ambiri am'madzi, anapiye okhala ndi ma merganser ndi ana ndipo nthawi zambiri amangochoka patatha maola 24 atawaswa, ndi nthawi yayitali kuti athe kugwirizanitsa. Akachoka pachisa, achichepere amatha kulowa pansi ndi kusonkhana, koma amakhalabe ndi mkazi kuti azitenthedwa komanso kutetezedwa.
Kuwongolera ndi kusamalira
kuchuluka kwa anthu m'mbuyomu kunkachitika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Popeza mafoni amadzi amenewa ndi malo osyankhira, amafunika mitengo yokhwima yomwe malo abwino osungapo malo amapezeka. Akuti m'zaka zaposachedwa kasamalidwe ka mitengo palokha kwakula bwino malo omwe anthu angapezeke. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera malo okhala ndi mitengo yokhomerera ya bakha ndizosungira mitengo yokwanira yomwe malo abwino okhala zisafe ndi ochuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha awa amagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi ochita kupanga zanyumba, ngati alipo.
Chifukwa chodalira kwambiri zakudya zam'madzi, ziboda zakhala zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonongeka kuyambira mitundu yambiri ya kuipitsidwa, zina mwa izo ndi ziphe zomwe zimasonkhana m'zinthu zopezeka ndi chakudya, zimayamwa mwachindunji zidole zambiri, ndipo zina mwa izo zimangochepetsa chakudya chawo. .
Zizindikiro zakunja za hood merganser.
Hood merganser ili ndi kukula kwa thupi pafupifupi 50 cm, mapiko: kuchokera pa masentimita 56 mpaka 70. Kulemera: 453 - 879 g. Hood merganser ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wa merganser ku North America, ali pafupi kukula kwa bakha a Caroline. Zowonjezera zamphongo ndizophatikiza modabwitsa zakuda, zoyera komanso zofiirira. Mutu, khosi komanso nthenga za thupi ndi zakuda, mawonekedwe a imvi. Mchira wake ndi woderapo. Khosi, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizoyera.
Crested Merganser, kapena Hood Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Mikwingwirima iwiri yokhala ndi m'mphepete yakuda yosasindikiza ndima mbali ya chifuwa. Mbali zake ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira - zofiira. Mwa chachimuna, chodziwika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nape, komwe, ikaphatikizidwa, imawonetsa kuphatikiza koyera ndi kodetsa.
Amuna akapumula, ndiye kuti kukongola konse kumasinthidwa kukhala mzere wosavuta komanso woyera kumbuyo kumbuyo. Zachikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofanana. Amakhala ndi mithunzi yakuda yamitundu yambiri: imvi kapena zofiirira. Khosi, chifuwa ndi mbali ndi imvi, mutu ndi woderapo. Chikhulupiriro cha akazi chimakhala chofiirira ndi mitundu ya sinamoni, ndipo nthawi zina ndimayano oyera. Bakha onse ang'onoang'ono amakhalanso ndi nthenga "chofanana", koma chocheperako. Amuna achichepere samakhala ndi chikhulupiriro.
Hood Merganser mu Ndege
Habitat of the Hood Merganser.
Opanga ma Hood amakonda malo omwe abakha a Carolyn. Amasankha dziwe lopanda bata, losaya komanso lamadzi, pansi, lamchenga kapena miyala.
Monga lamulo, a hoody mergansers amakhala m'malo osungirako omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango zowuma: mitsinje, dziwe laling'ono, nkhalango, madamu pafupi ndi mphero, madambo kapena ma puddles akuluakulu opangidwa kuchokera ku madamu a beaver.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma carolins, hood mergansers zimawavuta kupeza chakudya m'malo omwe mitsinje yowononga imayenda ndipo amayang'ana madzi odekha omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Bakha amapezekanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazikulu.
Zochita za Hood Merganser.
Hood merganser amasamukira kumapeto kwa yophukira. Amayenda okha, awiriawiri kapena ochepa ana pamtunda wautali. Anthu ambiri okhala kumpoto kwa gawo lawolowera kumwera, kulowera kumphepete mwa nyanja, komwe amakhala m'madzi. Mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala m'madela okhala sizingokhala. Hood mergansers imawuluka mwachangu komanso motsika.
Pakudya, amizidwa m'madzi ndikupeza chakudya pansi pamadzi. Manja awo amakankhidwira kumbuyo kwa thupi, monga abakha ambiri, monga mallards. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala opanda phokoso pamtunda, koma m'madzi alibe opikisana nawo mu luso la kusambira ndi kusambira. Ngakhale maso amatha kusintha kuti azitha kuona m'madzi.
Thanzi la hood merganser.
Ma Hood mergansers ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya kuposa zamagulu ena ambiri. Amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, nthenga, achule, komanso ma invertebrates: tizilombo tating'ono, crustaceans yaying'ono, nkhono ndi ma mollusks ena. Abakha amadyanso mbewu zam'madzi.
Hood Merganser pamene akusaka chakudya