Quail - Imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino ku Russia, zomwe zimasakidwa kuthengo kusaka nyama. Komanso, mbalamezi zimaweta kuma famu a nkhuku ndi minda yamafamu - nyama yawo ndi yokoma kwambiri, ndipo mazira ndiopatsa thanzi. Koma mbalame zazing'onozi sizophweka monga zimawonekera koyamba.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Quail (kapena zinziri wamba) ndi mbalame yomwe ndi ya banja lachi pheasant. Banja ili ndi mitundu eyiti yomwe ilipo. Pheasant - banja losiyanasiyana la mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira zawo komanso malo okhala.
Zotsatirazi zikugwirizanitsa mbalame zosiyanasiyana:
- mitala,
- mbalame sizikhala zazitali-zazitali, zazimuna, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi akazi angapo,
- Kutchulidwa kwachimodzimodzi ndi amuna,
- Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana ndi ya akazi, imakhala yowala,
- notch kumbali yakumapeto kwa sternum, fupi yaifupi ya chala chakumbuyo,
- mapiko ozungulira, okhala ndi mapiko ozungulira.
Mbalame zam'banja sizimawuluka nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zimadziwa kuchita. Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri koma thupi ndilolimba komanso khosi losunthika, amathamanga kwambiri ndipo amakonda kugona ndi mabanja awo pansi, muudzu wautali kapena zitsamba. Chifukwa cha njira iyi ya moyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala olusa a zazing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono, ndipo amakhalanso chinthu chosaka anthu. Nyama ya Pheasant imawonedwa kwambiri pamsika wamasewera.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ina yamatsenga imatha kuberekana.
Pa nthawi yogona, abambo amalimbana kusiya ana. Mazira amayikidwa mu chisa - kukhumudwa pansi, kukhathamiritsa ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu. Mabanja ena amapanga kagulu kakang'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Quail
Quail ndi mbalame yaying'ono, pafupifupi 16-22 cm. Kulemera kwa mkazi ndi pafupifupi magalamu 91, kulemera kwamphongo ndi magalamu 130. Makulidwe a mbalameyi ndi imvi, yokhala ndimatayipi oyera oyera - mtundu uwu umawalola kubisala bwino mu udzu wouma. Mutu, kumbuyo, mchira umakhala ndi ofiira, mikwingwirima yopepuka, ndipo pamwamba pamaso pali zingwe zoyera zoyera. Thupi la zinzirizo ndi lofanana monga momwe lingathere kuti lizitha kubisala komanso kuthamanga. Thupi lokhala ngati dontho lopendekeka, mchira wamfupi ndi mapiko owongoka amuloleza kupitilizabe kuthamanga akathamanga. Nthenga sizimasinthidwa kukhala malo achinyontho, koma zimapatsa kutulutsa, kuziziritsa thupi kutentha.
Makhalidwe achidule
Pali mitundu yocheperako kuposa nkhuku zina, ndikupangitsa kusankha koyambira kukhala kosavuta. Tapanga tebulo lodziwika bwino la mitundu yabwino ya zinziri ndi mafotokozedwe achidule a mitundu yonse yomwe ikupezeka ku Russia pakadali pano.
Mutu | Kuwongolera | Kulemera kwa dzira, gr. | Kupanga mazira, ma PC pachaka | Kulemera kwa nyama yam'mimba, gr. |
Chijapani | dzira | 10-12 | 300-320 | 90-100 |
Chizungu | dzira | 11-13 | 290-310 | 140-170 |
Farao | nyama | 12-17 | 250-300 | 200-220 |
Texas | nyama | 15-18 | 220-260 | 250-350 |
Chiestonia | nyama ndi dzira | 12-14 | 280-310 | 180 |
Tuxedo | nyama ndi dzira | 11-12 | 260-280 | 130-150 |
Manchurian | nyama ndi dzira | 13-16 | 220-250 | 170-190 |
California | kukongoletsa | 9-10 | 90-110 | — |
Tsopano awoneni mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi zinziri zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Quail ku Russia
Iyi ndi mbalame yofala kwambiri, yomwe yatchuka ngati masewera m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Izi ndizodziwika mu:
- Europe
- Kumpoto kwa Africa
- West Asia
- Madagascar (mbalame zimakonda kukhala chaka chonse popanda ndege chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowerengeka kwa adani achilengedwe),
- kum'mawa kwa Baikal komanso kudera lapakati Russia.
Zinziri zotchuka, zomwe ndizofala ku Russia, zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: European and Japan. Mbalame za ku Japan zimakhala ndi malo ku Japan ndipo tsopano zimalera nkhuku zankhuku za nyama ndi mazira, kotero kuchuluka kwawo kuthengo kwachepetsedwa. Zinziri zaku Europe ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha moyo wosasunthika, mbalameyi imawuluka mtunda wautali chifukwa cha malo ogona. Zoyipa zili mpaka ku Middle Iran ndi Turkmenistan, komwe zimawombera kumayambiriro kwa Epulo.Kumpoto - pakati pakati pa Russia - magulu a zinziri zimawuluka koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi anapiye okhwima kale.
Chosangalatsa: Ku Russia, amakonda kusaka zinziri ndendende nthawi yomwe akupita kumadera otentha nyengo yachisanu - mbalame zambiri zimawulukira mlengalenga ndipo ndizosavuta kudutsamo. Kusaka kotere, agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amabweretsa mbalame yowombayo kwa mlenje.
Mbalame imakonda kukhazikika kumapiri ndi m'minda kuposa nkhalango. Izi ndichifukwa cha chizolowezi chake chokhala moyo wapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza apo, amamanga zisa mu nthaka. Quail amakonda nyengo yonyowa, osalolera kutentha kwambiri.
Chijapani
Mu chithunzi - chapamwamba cha mtunduwu, utoto wodziwika bwino "wakuthengo" wa zinziri zaku Japan.
Dzina lina ndi Mute Quail. Poyamba yotchuka kwambiri, sichachilendo m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chosunthira chidwi chathu. Zabwino kwambiri za nkhuku, zopanga mazira pachaka zimafikira mazira 305-315. Kulemera kwa nyama yam'mimba - 120-140 gr.
Ili ndi utoto “wamtchire” wopaka utoto, wotentha kwambiri, wamanyazi. Pamaziko a zinziri za ku Japan, pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazizirala yotchuka inkapangidwa.
Quail ndichokoma kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa!
Kubzala zinziri ndizosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza pa mbalame zachikhalidwe zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mbalame zodya nyama, zinziri, zapamunda, magawo. Amakhala amtengo wapatali ngati mbalame zokongoletsera, komanso ngati gwero la nyama ndi mazira okoma.
Nyama ya Quail ndiyofunika kusamalidwa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi nyama yankhuku yophika, imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, wofiirira, womwe umapatsa kufanana ndi nyama zam'madzi. Nyama ya Quail ndi yosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Minofu ya nthumbu ndi ntchafu yopanda mafuta, chifukwa chake imawoneka youma. Mwayi wofunikira wa nyama ndi kuthamanga kuphika. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuphika m'mphindi 30. Quail ndizokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi, ndizoyenera kudya zakudya.
Ndikopindulitsa kusinthitsa mbalame nokha. Ana okwanira zinziri zimalemera msanga, tsiku lachiwiri la moyo zimachulukitsa. Nkhuku zimadya nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kuwaphunzitsa kudya pakuwaweramitsa mitu yawo ndi zala zawo kuti adyetse ndi mbale yomwera. Mbalame zimakhala ndi kagayidwe kofulumira, chifukwa chake zili ndi zina mwaubweya:
- kusamalira zinziri mosamalitsa ndikofunikira - kusunga kutentha komwe kumafunikira (madigiri 38 m'masiku oyamba amoyo), makamaka pokameta ndi kulera anapiye ndikuwonjezera kupanga dzira kwa akuluakulu,
- zinziri zimayang'ana nthawi masana,
- mbalame sakonda kukonzekera,
- amalekerera kwambiri kuperewera kwa okosijeni ndi fumbi m'chipindacho.
Chiestonia
Mikwingwirima yopepuka pa nthenga za zinziri za ku Estonia ndizofanana ndi singano za porcupine.
Malinga ndi alimi, zinziri za ku Esitere zimatha kutchedwa mtundu wopezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zidawoneka ngati ntchito yogulitsa, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Farawo ndi Chingerezi. Kukucha mwachangu mokwanira, kuyala nkhuku zimayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira miyezi 1.5-2 ndikupanga mazira osachepera 300 pachaka.
Ngati mbalameyo sikhala yopanda tanthauzo ndi kuphedwa pazaka 4-5, nyama ikamafika 140-160 gr, nyamayo imakhala yowusa kwambiri komanso yofatsa, popanda mafuta ochulukirapo. Chonde ndi hatchability kwambiri. Pogulitsa pamsika, anthu aku Estonia amawoneka opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa Achijapani chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso kutulutsa bwino.
Mitundu
Pansipa pali mitundu yotchuka ya zinziri za kuswana.
- Zinziri za ku Japan
- Chingerezi kapena choyera cha Britain.
- Manchurian golide
- Zinziri za ku Estonia.
- Farao,
- Texas yoyera.
Farao
Kuyika Farao (chithunzi chochokera kufamu ya Denis Baklanov, 2009)
Oyamba omwe amabwera kwa ife kuchokera mbali yakudya. Anatchuka msanga chifukwa chosachita bwino, chifukwa cha mazira okhathamira (mazira) komanso mawonekedwe okongola a mtembo womalizira.
Malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, amasiyana pang'ono ndi achi Japan, mtundu womwewo, makulidwe ake okha ndiakulu: 290-320 gr. mwa amuna, ndi mpaka 250 mu nkhuku. Mazira ndi okulirapo pang'ono, koma ndi ochepa (mpaka 280 pachaka).
Kusanthula kwa aFarau nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta chifukwa alimi ochepa nkhuku okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi mizere yoyera, motero sizophweka kugula mbalame yokhazikika.
Texas
Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona chikwangwani cha zilembo za Texan pachithunzichi: chidutswa chakuda.
Mtundu wokulirapo womwe umapezeka podutsa maFarao. Zowonazo zimakhala zoyera kokwanira, mawanga akuda amapezeka pamutu. Nthenga zakuda pamthupi zimawonedwa ngati zosafunika.
Zimaposa mitundu yonse ya zinziri zomwe zilipo, kukula kwake kuli zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi mitembo ya a Texans omwe azipha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pa 550-600 gr! Koma ngakhale kulemera kwapakati kumakhala kosangalatsa: 390-420 gr. Khalidwe lake ndilabwino kwambiri, ndi mbalame yabwino kwambiri yofanana ndi nkhuku zabwino kwambiri.
Imafunikira maselo okwera pang'ono kutalika ndi kuchuluka kochepa. Popeza zinziri zoyera zaku Texas ndizapamwamba, ndikasungidwa mumabatire am'magazi apakati (15-20 cm), ndizovuta kwambiri kuti wamwamuna azitha kuphatikiza mkazi, ndipo kusabereka kudzachuluka. Popeza kuti pamavuto ometera mazira obzala mu 60-65%, izi zimakhala zofunikira pakubzala koyenera.
Kupanga mazira - mpaka 280 mazira akuluakulu pachaka.
Chizungu
Wa Chingerezi, molingana ndi malongosoledwe, amakhala ndi matumba akuda osati pamutu pake, komanso kumbali yake (chithunzi chojambulidwa kuchokera pa intaneti).
Ili ndi malo apakati pakubala pakati pa Japan ndi Farawo. Mosiyana ndi Texans, mawanga akuda pa thupi ndi zovomerezeka, koma malo awo osasinthika sayenera kupitirira 5%. Kulemera kwa nyama yam'mimba ali ndi miyezi inayi ndi 160-180 gr. mwa amuna komanso mpaka 160 mu nkhuku. Kufikira mazira 290 amalandiridwa kuchokera ku zinziri za Chingerezi pachaka.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu
Kupanga kwa dzira kumatengera kutentha kwa zomwe zili:
- Kubzala zinziri kumafuna kutentha kozungulira kwa 18 degrees degrees Celsius,
- kutentha kwambiri m'chipinda - madigiri 21,
- Kutentha kotsika ndi madigiri 16 kumayambitsa zopeka za dzira.
Mukamaweta zinziri kunyumba, kupanga mazira sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, mutha kusunga zinziri za ku Japan popanda kutentha chaka chonse. Zikatero, zinziri zimayenda nthawi yotentha komanso yoyambilira.
Mkhalidwe wathanzi la zinziri nyengo yozizira m'malo osavomerezeka ndizabwino. Mbalame izi zimalekerera bwino kutentha kwam'nyengo yachisanu, bola ngati:
- kuteteza mphepo
- kuteteza mvula,
- chakudya champhamvu kwambiri, chokhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga nyengo yachisanu kuzira munyengo zachilengedwe ndikusinthasintha kwa zinzirizo mwa kuphatikiza thupi pang'onopang'ono kutentha pang'ono. Pazifukwa izi, zinziri sizingavulazidwe poziyika mu ndege yopanda kutentha nyengo ikazizira. Kukhazikika kumayenera kuchitika m'chilimwe. Kenako kutsitsa kutentha kozungulira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kulola mbalamezo kuzolowera kuzizira.
Kwa nkhuku
Zofunikira kutentha kwapakati pa nkhuku za zinziri ndizodziwikiratu.
Gome. Kutentha kofunikira mu chofungatira kukulira zinziri
Sabata Yamoyo Ya Nkhuku | Kutentha, madigiri Celsius | |
m'chipinda | pansi pa gasi (radiator) | |
Choyamba | 30 | 38 |
Chachiwiri | 25 | 34 |
Chachitatu | 21 |
Thermoregulation mu zinziri za milungu itatu, monga mbalame zachikulire, magetsi owonjezera safunika. Kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 21 digiri Celsius.
Mukamakula nkhuku, monga mitundu ina ya nkhuku, simungathe kuwongoleredwa ndi kutentha kokhazikika, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa ana:
- ngati zili zochulukirapo ndikuwunjikana kumalo komwe kutentha - kutentha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri,
- pamene anapiye achotsedwa ku radiator - kutentha kuyenera kuchepetsedwa,
- pa kutentha kopitilira muyeso, anapiye amagawanika wogawana lonse chofungatira - ena amapuma, ena amadya chakudya.
Nkhuku zokomera nkhumba zizisungidwa m'nyumba zosungidwa mwapadera komwe malo abwino amasungidwa.
Chithunzi. Chingwe chogulira nkhuku zinziri.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Zinziri za ku Japan sizimva chidwi ndikusintha kwa chinyontho cha mpweya.
Momwe zimaswanirana zinziri ndi izi:
- chinyezi cholimbikitsidwa ndi 65-75 peresenti,
- chinyezi chikakhala chochepa kwambiri, zinzirizo zimamwa madzi ambiri, motero kulipirira kuwonongeka kwakuthupi.
- chinyezi chachikulu (mwachitsanzo, 85%) sichikulimbikitsidwa, monga momwe zinthu zimapangidwira kuti pakhale michere yambiri yama pathogenic.
Zojambula
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupezeka kukonza zinziri ndi kufunika kopewa kukonzekera. Mbalamezi zimakonda kugwidwa kuposa mitundu ina ya mbalame. Zinziri, zomwe zimakhala m'chipinda chomwe chimapangidwira, choyamba zimataya nthenga, kenako zokolola zake zimachepa, chifukwa, zimadwala ndikufa. Musanayambe kuswana zinziri, muyenera kupereka malo oyenera okulira popanda kukonzekera.
Vuto la kuchuluka kwamafuta, kapena kuwoneka ngati ma khonde otsetsereka popanda zimakupiza mu zinziri zakale, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zifukwa zina. "Dazi", makamaka mwa akazi, nthawi zambiri limafotokozeredwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- pterophagy - kulumikizana nthenga ndi mbalame,
- ukalamba - wamkulu zinziri, ndikoipa kwambiri
- zifukwa zamtundu - ndikofunikira kuyendetsa masankhidwe, kusankha mbalame zokhala ndi maula ambiri posunga.
Muzu wa Maral (Leuzea): mankhwala ochiritsa matenda zana
Maral muzu (safflower levzea) ndi mankhwala azomera, ophatikizidwa ku USSR State Pharmacopoeia mu 1961, ndipo pambuyo pake mu State Register of Medicines of Russia, wodziwika bwino mu mankhwala azikhalidwe.
Tansy wamba: mankhwala
Tansy yodziwika bwino ndi chomera chothandiza matenda a akazi, kupweteka m'mimba, nyongolotsi, rheumatism ndi mutu. Maluwa a Tansy amathamangitsa ntchentche, ntchentche, nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tina. Nkhaniyi ithandizanso kukonzekera bwino mankhwala kuchokera ku tansy.
Rosemary: mankhwala a mafuta, ntchito
Rosemary ndi chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe chimamera m'mayiko otentha, makonzedwe ake omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lachire. Kulowetsedwa, tinctures ndi rosemary zofunika mafuta amasamalira khungu ndi pakamwa patsekeke, kuthetsa ululu ndi kuchiritsa mabala, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira ndikuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, kusamalira tsitsi ndi ziwalo zam'mimba.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu
Mwachilengedwe, zinziri zimayamba kuyikira mazira m'chaka, pakukweza maola masana. Pambuyo pa Juni 24, pamene kuchepa kwa masana kuyamba, kuyikira mazira a mbalame zakuthengo kumatha. Lingaliro loti ayambe kumanga limapangidwa ndi mahomoni a pituitary, zinthu ziwiri zimakhudza kubisika kwawo:
- kukula kwakukulu
- njira yowonjezera masana.
Kudalira kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuweta mazira a zinziri. Ngati nkhuku zokhwima (pafupifupi masabata 7) zizikhala ndi kuwala kwa maola 14. Mphamvu ya "kasupe" imathandizira kupanga mazira; ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nthawi masana.
Zofunika! Ndikwabwino kuwonjezera maola masana ndi theka la ola lililonse milungu iwiri iliyonse, kubweretsa maola 17 masana.
Kuwonjezeka kwa masana kwa zinziri wamkulu kumanenedweratu motere:
Sabata Ya Moyo Wa Quail | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 |
Kuchuluka kwa kuwala patsiku, maola | 14 | 14,5 | 15 | 15,5 | 16 | 16,5 | 17 |
Bakha wa musk: kuswana, kulera nyama za indonesian
Kuswana abakha a musky kunyumba ndizosangalatsa komanso zopindulitsa. Abakha a musk amanyamula mazira ambiri, nyama yawo imakhala yosalala kuposa abambo wamba, Amata ndi mafuta ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha a musky sangathe kubaya mazira awo okha, komanso nkhuku, tsekwe, Turkey.
Rhubarb: katundu wopindulitsa, kulima ndi chisamaliro
Rhubarb ndi chomera chokoma, chokoma, chopatsa thanzi, chosatha, achinyamata achinyamata omwe, akaphika, amapeza kukoma kwa maapulo a Antonov. Njira yolima yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono ndiosavuta, kotero kuti mlimi aliyense wamalimwe amatha kubzala zitsamba zisanu ndi ziwiri pa chiwembu chake.
Kwa anapiye
Zofunikira zina zowunikira zinziri pakukula. Nkhuku zimakhala ndi metabolism yofulumira kwambiri, kotero simungachedwe kudyetsa kwawo ngakhale kwa maola angapo.Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nkhuku kuchokera sabata lachiwiri la moyo zimayatsidwa mosalekeza popanda kupuma usiku, ndipo kuyambira sabata lachitatu la moyo, nthawi yowunikira iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi maola awiri sabata iliyonse, kuti pakatha masabata 7 amoyo, zinziri zazing'ono zimapeza kuwala kwa maola 14 tsiku lililonse.
Makina opepuka a zinziri amaperekedwa pagome:
Sabata Ya Moyo Wa Quail | 1 ndi 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Kuchuluka kwa kuwala patsiku, maola | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 |
Coltsfoot: mankhwala, maphikidwe
Coltsfoot ndi mbewu yodziwika bwino yamankhwala omwe amathandizira pochizira chimfine, chifuwa, chifuwa, scrofula, mabala amadzimadzi am'maso, komanso ngakhale tsitsi latsoka. Kukonzekera kochokera ku coltsfoot kumachedwa, koma popanda zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo wa anthu.
Mpweya wabwino
Zipinda za Quail ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino kuti mpweya uzichitika kangapo kasanu ndi kamodzi pa ola limodzi. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wabwino ayenera kugwira ntchito mosamalitsa kuti asayambitse chipwirikiti chamlengalenga komanso kukonzekera.
Kufunika kwa okosijeni yambiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira thanzi la zinziri. Zosowa za okosijeni za mbalamezi ndizambiri. Mphamvu ya kupuma kwa zinziri imakhudzidwa ndi fumbi, lomwe limayambitsa matenda am'mapapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chisamaliro cha mpweya oyera m zipinda ndizofunikira kwambiri pobereka mbalameyi kunyumba.
Mandeville (Diplomacy) - kukongola kowopsa
Mandevilla (Mandevilla) - dimba ndi wowonjezera kutentha, kukwera, maluwa, chomera, woimira banja la Kutrovy. Mtengowu udatengera dzina lake polemekeza kazembe wa Chingerezi komanso wolima dimba Henry J. Mandeville, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Buenos Aires. Limodzi mwa dzina la mtunduwo ndi dipladenia, lotanthauza kuti "kukhala ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono"
China meadow (nandolo): mankhwala, maphikidwe
China meadow - chomera chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba, chibayo, ma abscesses, matenda amtima ndi mitsempha, m'mimba thirakiti komanso monga choyembekezerera chogwira mtima. Chomera chimadziwika ndi sayansi komanso wowerengeka, kapangidwe kake ndi mankhwala ake pamilandu amaphunziridwa bwino.
Mankhwala a Chamomile: mankhwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Chamomile pharmacy (mankhwala) ndi chomera chachilengedwe chazonse chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi mankhwala othandizira pochizira njira zotupa, matenda am'mimba ndi matumbo, khungu, komanso ziwalo zoberekera.
Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya za zinziri
Metabolism ya Quail imathamanga kuposa nkhuku zina:
- nkhuku ya tsiku limodzi imakhala mbalame yayikulu ikatha masabata 7 (nkhuku, pakatha milungu 22),
- kulemera kwa dzira zinziri molingana ndi kulemera kwa nkhuku yodulirako ndizowirikiza kawiri kuposa nkhuku.
Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito popanga chakudya kwa nkhuku pakubala nkhuku kapena kuyala nkhuku ndizosayenera, chifukwa zomwe zimakhala ndi michere komanso zothandiza pazamoyo zimakhalapo zochepa.
Sikoyenera kuchulukitsa nkhuku kusakaniza ndi nyama kapena nsomba. Ngakhale njirayi imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa michere ina - mphamvu ndi mavitamini. Mbalame ziyenera kudyetsedwa zosakanizika ndi zinziri, chifukwa ndizokhazo zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi zofunika pazakudya, motero, zimatsimikizira kukula kwabwino komanso kupanga mazira ambiri.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinziri, pali zakudya zochepa zopangidwa ndi zinziri pamsika. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kudzipangira nokha mbalame chakudya. Izi zikuyenera kuonedwa ngati zanthawi, chifukwa zosakaniza zowonjezera bwino za chakudya zimayenera kupangidwa ndi mafakitale apadera.
Mwachiwonekere, kuswana kwamtundu wamtundu, mitundu yonse yazakudya za "kunyumba" ndizovomerezeka. Monga lamulo, ndizochulukirapo pantchito, koma kukonzekera tsiku lililonse chakudya chamtchire ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa nyumba ndi kubereka zinziri.
Badan: kulima, malo othandiza
Zofukiza zonenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti tiyi wa Chigir, sizabwino zokha zathanzi, komanso zokongola. Kubzala badan, wamaluwa amatha "kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi" - mbewu ndi chiwembu chokongoletsedwa, ndikupeza phindu.
Msana (tulo-udzu) - buku lofiira limakhala pansi
Msana, dambo, lomwe limadziwika kuti "udzu wogona", limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati mankhwala ochititsa chidwi, osokoneza bongo, okonda kudana, osokoneza bongo. Dambo lumbago ndi lapoizoni, lomwe silinamulepheretse kulowa mu Red Book, chifukwa cha kusasamala kwamaluwa amaluwa nthawi yamasika pazamalonda.
Zomwe zimadyetsa nkhuku
Mazira a quail, ngakhale amawoneka osawoneka bwino, ndiwotsekemera kwambiri. Mapiko pakati pa nkhuku amakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakudya. Ma metabolism awo osazolowereka mwachangu komanso kupanga mazira ambiri amafuna njira yapadera.
Kuti mukhale ndi nkhuku zanyumba kunyumba, muyenera kuwapatsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zoyenera. Pakudya, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu ndi ma feed ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mapira,
- mpunga
- soya
- mbewu za chimanga
- chakudya (dandelion, clover),
- namera tirigu
- zipatso,
- masamba.
Yang'anani! Fishmeal, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya ngati zopangira kuwonjezera protein, imakhudza kwambiri kununkhira kwa nyama, ndikuipangitsa kukhala yosasangalatsa!
Yankho labwino kwambiri ndikudyetsa. Chosakaniza cha nyama ya zinziri chimayenera kukhala cholemera kuposa chakudya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa nkhuku.
1 kilogalamu ya osakaniza akhale ndi 3050 kcal (12.7 MJ / kg), kuphatikizapo:
- 22% ya mapuloteni onse
- 1.1% lysine
- 0,48% methionine,
- 0,45% phosphorous
- 0,9% calcium
- 0,16% sodium
- 0,15% chlorine.
Sizoletsedwa kuyambitsa coccidiostatics - mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thupi tsiku lililonse, kukonza kuyamwa. Coccidiostatics kudziunjikira m'chiwindi, minofu ya nkhuku, imatha kusokoneza thanzi la ogula.
Campanula kukushkin: katundu, ntchito
Campanula kukushkin ndi mbewu yobiriwira yomwe maluwa ake ndi udzu uli ndi mphamvu yochiritsa. Mtundu wa Kukushkin umagwira matenda a bronchitis, rheumatism, jaundice, amapuma ndipo amasiya kutuluka magazi, amathandiza kuchiritsa mabala ndikuthamangitsa nthata za nkhanu.
Fennel (dill pharmacy): mankhwala
Fennel wamba ndi chomera cha herbaceous chodziwika bwino monga mankhwala achizamba monga katsabola wopangira mankhwala kapena katsabola wa Voloshsky. Fennel ndi ofanana ndi dill, koma amasiyana mu mankhwala.
Zakudya Zamakhuku
Chakudya chochuluka cha nkhuku - zakudya zopatsa thanzi pakukula kwakula
Pamene zinziri zazing'ono zimamaliza milungu 4, nthawi yachitatu, yomaliza imayamba. Amadya zakudya zochulukirapo, kotero, kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zina kumatsika.
Poyerekeza ndi nkhuku zina, zinziri zimakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri pakupanga zakudya, motero kusintha mavitamini achilengedwe ndi ena opanga kumachepetsa kukula ndi kubala kwa mbalame. Chaka chonse, muyenera kuyesa kupereka udzu wobiriwira ndi udzu.
Primrose ya masika (primrose): katundu wochiritsa
Primrose ya masika, yomwe amadziwika kuti "Primula", chomera champhamvu chamankhwala chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka monga chiyembekezoor, painkiller, diuretic ndi vitamini yothetsera chimfine, chimfine, bronchitis, chibayo, etc.
Kuthira nyama
Zinzirizo zimaphedwa pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pankhani ya mbalame zophedwa, chakudya mu nthawi ziwiri zakubadwa ndizofanana ndi kuyala nkhuku. Nthawi yomaliza, yachitatu, zakudya za mbalame zophedwa zimasinthidwa. Mu sabata lachinayi, mutha kusiyanitsa kugonana kwa zinziri. Akazi ndi olemera, nyama yawo ili ndi mikhalidwe yapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, pazifukwa zachuma, abambo a zinziri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera. Ngati mbalamezo zayamba kunenepa, ndikofunikira kuti zazikazi ndi zazimuna pazokha. Chifukwa chake zinzirizo zimakhazikika, mukukula msanga.
Cholinga cha kunenepa ndikuwonjezera thupi mwakuwonjezera minofu ya adipose.Kudyetsa, kuchuluka kwa mafuta, zinziri ziyenera kudyetsedwa pokhapokha zodyetsa tirigu - chimanga cha tirigu, tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpweya wa adipose umatha milungu iwiri mpaka itatu.
Matenda a Quail, chithandizo ndi kupewa
Zinzirizo ndizokhazikitsidwa kwathunthu, zodalira komanso zodziwika kwa anthu omwe ayenera kupanga malo oyenera okhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupanga mazira. Kusakwanira kwachilengedwe, ukhondo, kusowa kwa chakudya kumakhudza thanzi la mbalame, kuchepetsa phindu.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa zinziri m'nyumba, pansi, pansi, sizitenga kachilomboka kuposa mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Matenda onse a zinziri amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa:
- matenda oyambitsidwa ndi zotupa m'malo olakwika (chinyezi, kukonzekera),
- zakudya zosayenera (mchere, vitamini, mapuloteni osowa),
- poyizoni
- nthenda zowononga (majeremusi amkati ndi kunja),
- matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, ma virus, bowa, protozoa.
Matenda ambiri a zinziri ndi salmonellosis, poyizoni, kutsekula m'mimba, colic bacteriosis, rickets, queil pululosis, aspergillosis, matenda am'mimba, kolera, matenda a helminth, prolfall ndi blockage wa oviduct.
Zolemba zina.
Tsamba 1 la 60
"Wogulitsa munda" - mutu pa kulima masamba azomera: tomato, tsabola, biringanya, anyezi, kaloti, beets ndi mbewu zina mnyumba. Ili ndi zolemba zothandiza posamalira masamba, ntchito zaulimi, njira zofalitsira ndi mbande ndi mbewu. Fotokozani momwe mungawongolere tizirombo, kuzindikira matenda ndi chithandizo cha matenda a virus ndi fungus.
"Maluwa" - Gawo loperekedwa kuminda yazipatso zamaluwa, mabulosi abulosi ndi njira zina zothandizira chisamaliro chomera: kuwongolera tizilombo, chithandizo cha mabala ndi maenje, chithandizo cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Zolemba za mitengo ya maapulo, mapeyala, mapichesi, yamatcheri, plums ndi mitengo ina yazipatso amatengedwa. Njira yodzala ndikusinthanitsa mabulosi: currants, raspberries, gooseberries, etc.
"Maluwa" - kulowera pazomera zokongoletsera, maluwa. Inde, maluwa ena amathanso kudyedwa, koma makamaka amasilira. Apa mutha kupeza zolemba pa chisamaliro cha maluwa, zokhudza kufalitsa maluwa mwa kudula wobiriwira, kugawa ma rhizomes, mbewu, kugawa, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo waulimi, wamaluwa amapatsidwa zinthu zofunikira pochiza matenda a maluwa, kuwongolera tizilombo, maupangiri pa kapangidwe ka zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera, komanso kukonza maluwa.
"Zopanda" - kulowera ku ziweto ndi nkhuku. Zolemba zothandiza zinasonkhanitsidwa pa kuweta nkhuku: nkhuku, atsekwe, abakha, ma turkeys, mbalame za Guinea ndi mapikoko. Njira zofotokozera matenda mu nkhumba ndi kuchiza nkhumba zodwala matenda amafotokozedwa.
"Zaumoyo ndi zokongola" - gawo odzipereka kwathunthu ku thanzi, chisamaliro cha thupi, kuchiza komanso kupewa matenda aanthu. Tili otsimikiza kuti kukongola sikuphatikiza ndi thanzi, chifukwa chake tidasankha kuphatikiza mitu iwiri yayikulu yomweyo.
"Kupuma, maulendo, alendo" - ndemanga pamayendedwe akumayiko oyandikana ndi akutali. Ndemanga za alendo apaulendo, maupangiri apaulendo odziwa ntchito. Gawolo lidzakhala lothandiza kwa oyamba kumene, komanso iwo amene amakonda kuyendayenda osachoka panyumba.
"Kunyumba" - gawo DIY (zichitireni nokha, zichitireni nokha), nkhani zothandiza pakudzipanga nokha zinthu zapakhomo: makina, zopangira, misonkhano, zida, mipando, ndi zina zinalengedwa .. Komanso mu gawo ili nkhani zimasindikizidwa ndi matumba amoyo, zanzeru zina zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa munthu wothandiza. .
Kupanda mabatire ndi zotsatirapo zake
Ma Quail amamva kuchepa kwa mapuloteni, mchere, mavitamini pazakudya:
Kupanda batire | Zotsatira |
mapuloteni ochepa kwambiri |
|
phosphorous wotsika komanso calcium |
|
kusowa kwa manganese |
|
kusowa kwa manganese | Matenda a zinziri otchedwa perosis kapena chondrodystrophy (Perosis), omwe amawoneka kuti akuwonjezeranso chopondapo, ndikupindika miyendo kumbali |
mafuta ochulukirapo | Quail chiwindi kuwonongeka |
vitamini A akusowa | Amachepetsa zinziri, kukhala ndi matenda |
kusowa kwa vitamini E |
|
vitamini D3 wochepa |
|
Kodi nchifukwa chiyani zinziri zimagundana?
Pterophagy - kubudula nthenga ndi mbalame. Nthawi zina zinziri zimakhomerana wina ndi mzake ndimagazi. M'mitundu ina ya mbalame, izi ndimakhalidwe; mu zinziri, pterophagy zimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- zolakwika zamphamvu
- magawo olowa mwamphamvu kwambiri,
- mbalame zodzaza kwambiri mdera lililonse,
- kuyatsa kosakwanira
- kuchepa kwa mapuloteni.
Pterophagy ndiowopsa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri zotsatira zake zimakhala zamatsenga.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe zingapangidwe ngati zinziri zimatanthauzana ndikuchepetsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mulomo wapamwamba. Pachifukwachi, amagwiritsa ntchito ma guillotine apadera omwe amadula mulomo wa zinziri ndi tsamba lotentha, lomwe limachepetsa magazi komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yodutsanso kamlomo.
Palinso mitundu yonse yosanjikiza ya milomo, kupewa kupindika ndi kulimira zinziri.
Chithunzi. Kuyika mabatani kuteteza mafupa
Colibacillosis
Matenda a Quail amayamba chifukwa cha ma cell a serotypes a E. coli. Matenda owopsa a zinziri, amachititsa kufa kwakukulu mpaka 80-90%.
- kusowa kwa mavitamini
- zolakwika mbalame,
- mpweya wabwino
- madzi oyipitsidwa.
- mwa akulu, matendawa amawonekera ngati m'mimba,
- kusowa kwa chakudya,
- zovuta pakuyenda.
Matendawa atha kupewedwa ndi:
- kudyetsa zinziri moyenerera,
- ukhondo wabwino
- kupatula mbalame zofooka.
Mycoplasmosis wa nkhuku
Matendawa amayambitsa chibayo cha Mycoplasma. Matenda owopsa a nkhuku oyambitsidwa ndi zovuta zachilengedwe:
- mpweya wokwanira
- chinyezi chachikulu,
- vitamini A akusowa
Mycoplasmosis mu zinziri imafalikira kuchokera kwa mbalame zodwala kupita kwa athanzi.
- zinziri kukhala zoopsa,
- kuchepa kwamtima
- kukula pang'onopang'ono
- kupanga mazira kumachepa.
Aspergillosis
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa.
- mulch wachikulire,
- chakudya chamafuta.
Matendawa amapezeka kudzera mwa kupuma kwa mbalame, komwe kumayamwa.
- kusowa kwa chakudya
- kufooka kumawonekera
- kuchepa magazi,
- kulumikizana kopanda malire
- kukokana.
Chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa zinziri zachinyamata ndi 60%.
Kupewa matenda, kudzipatula ku gulu la odwala
Matenda ambiri a zinziri amakhala limodzi ndi zizindikiro zofananira. Oberetsa nthawi zonse samadziwa kuti phindu lochepera la kubereka zinziri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka. Matenda amafala kwambiri pazochitika zotsatirazi:
- gulu la ng'ombe losungidwa m'matope, lakhwawa,
- m'zipinda zopanda mpweya wabwino
- ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsatira malamulo onse a kubereka, kusunga ndi kudyetsa zinziri. Ndikofunikira kupewa nthawi zonse kumabwera matenda, makamaka njira za ukhondo.
Malamulo aukhondo
Njira zoyambirira za ukhondo zopangira zinziri:
- Mbale zodyera zakumwa zimayenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi tsiku lililonse, makamaka chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimadutsa kutalika konse, ndipo matendawa amafalikira kudzera mwa iwo ngati moto.
- Amadyetsa amatsuka kamodzi pa sabata.
- Zinyalala zimachotsedwa tsiku lililonse, ndipo pokhapokha mwapadera, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zinziri za zinziri payokha zimaswana, ndizotheka kuyeretsa khola la zinyalala tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti theka la maselo tsiku lililonse.
- Mabatire amatenthetsera mwezi uliwonse, ndi zitsulo ndi pulasitiki miyezi itatu iliyonse.Chifukwa chaichi, mbalame zimachotsedwa m'khola, mabatire amatsukidwa ndi burashi womojambulidwa mu sopo yochapira.
- Makoma amaselo amawatsukiranso ndi sopo yochapira, yochotsedwera pansi pamadzi.
- Malo, ngodya zimatsukidwa ndi burashi ya khitchini.
- Zingwe zamatabwa zamatabwa zimakungidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi spatula ndi burashi ya waya, kutsukidwa ndi yankho la mandimu omwe angotsala kumene ndikuwonjezera 3% formalin pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopaka utoto. Ma virus apadera nawonso ndi othandiza.
Kufufuza ndi kuteteza matenda
Chithandizo cha ma cell matenda osiyanasiyana
Matenda a Quail | Kupanga zida |
matenda a protozoal (coccidiosis) | 5-8% madzi ammonia yankho |
zinziri salmonalosis |
|
chifuwa chachikulu |
|
Katundu wa Quail
Nthawi zambiri kuswana ndi kukonza zinziri kumachitika m'maselo. Pansipa pali malangizo angapo a momwe khungu liyenera kuwonekera.
Chifukwa choperewera kuchokera kwa opanga, obereketsa ambiri amasankha kudzipangira okha. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mafelemu zimadalira luso la munthu amene akupanga cell.
Mukamapanga ndowe kuti zisungidwe zinziri, ena mwa malamulo awa ayenera kuyang'aniridwa:
- Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinziri zazikulu pachikita lalikulu lililonse ndi mbalame 40.
- Ndikofunikira kuti mbalame zosiyidwa ndizopangidwa ndi zida zamagalasi, izi zidzakulitsa moyo wa khola, chifukwa zitosi za mbalame zimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zachitsulo.
- Kutalika kwa zinziri za zinziri kuyenera kukhala 20-25 masentimita, izi zimapereka mwayi wopeza mpweya, kuwunikira, komanso kupewa kutembenuka kwa mbalame nthawi yayitali.
- Makoma a khola azikhala opanga ma waya okhala ndi masentimita a 1--1.3 kapena ndodo zomwe zili kutali ndi masentimita 1.3. Kutseguka kwakukulu kumatha kutsogola kumitu ya mbalame, chifukwa chomwe mbalame zimatulutsa.
- Pansi pamafunika lotseguka ndi maselo osaposa 1 cm kukula, mabowo akulu atha kubweretsa kuvulaza miyendo ya zinziri.
- Chingwe chomwe chili m'maselo ogona chizikhala chopendekera pang'ono ndikuchotsa mwanjira kuti dzira liziimitsa. Ikani zinyalala pansi pa grill.
- Sitimayi yonyansa imapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku pulasitiki chifukwa siikuwononga. Pankhani yamapepala achitsulo, muyenera kupanga matreyi awiri osungirako selo limodzi.
- Otsitsa a Quail amayikidwa kunja kwa khola, mbalameyo izitha kufikira wodyetsa kudzera mabowo olingana ndi khola. Kuyika wodyetserayo m'thirimo kumapangitsa kuti kudyetsaku kufalikire nthawi zonse. Ma quail amakonda kwambiri kubalalitsa chakudya ndi milomo yawo, ndikuyika thukuta m'matumbo mwawo.
- Odyetserawa ayenera kutalika kwa 6-7 masentimita, amapangidwa ndi chitsulo champhamvu, chitoliro chapulasitiki chomwe chili ndi mabowo. Kuwerenga kutalika kwa wodyetsa - 0,4 cm wodyetsa pa mbalame imodzi.
- Mbale zomwera zitha kuyikidwa m'khola ndi kunja, koma pamalo oyikika, kuti zisadetse madzi ndi chakudya chomwe zinziri zimakonda kutaya.
- Mbale zomwera zakumwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yamaluwa yokonzekera bwino. Madzi ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse.
Ma Quail Incubators
Kukhazikitsa mazira a zinziri si njira yophweka chifukwa kakang'ono kakang'ono ka anapiye, koma obereketsa ena amasankha mtundu uwu wa kuswana. Pachifukwachi, ndikofunikira kupangira zida zothandizira akatswiri zomwe zimapatsa mbalame nyengo yabwino yakukula.
Kumbukirani kuti kuphatikiza zinzirizo bwino zomwe zili ndi zinthu zambiri:
- nyengo yamene dzira lomwe lakhazikitsidwa
- nthawi yosunga dzira moyenera,
- kutentha koyenera
- mulingo woyenera chinyezi
- mpweya wabwino wa mazira pakukonzekera.
Kodi zinziri zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gawo la Quail
Quail - mbalame zodabwitsa.Chifukwa chake, zakudya zawo ndizoyenera - izi ndi mbewu, chimanga, udzu wobiriwira (quinoa, thabwa, nyemba, dandelion, anyezi wamtchire), mizu ndi tizilombo. Kuthengo, anapiye a mbalamezi amadya chakudya chama protein ambiri: mphutsi za kafadala, kachilomboka ndi tizilombo tina "zofewa".
Ndi zaka, mbalame imasinthira kuzakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu zambiri - izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi limasiya kukula ndipo limafunikira mapuloteni ambiri. Ngakhale ndikofunikira kuti anapiye akula msanga ndikuyamba kuwuluka, kuti athe kukonzekera kuthamanga kwakatali pakati pa maiko ndi ma kontinenti mwezi umodzi. Chingwe chomwe sichimadya chakudya chama protein ambiri chimangofa nthawi ya kuthawa kapena kupita kwa olusa.
Popeza zinziri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhuku, zakudya zake ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zimakonda kukhala "zakuthengo". Nthochi, monga mapuloteni ndi calcium, zimapatsidwa tchizi tchizi chosakanizidwa ndi dzira lowiritsa. Nthawi zina ufa wa chimanga umawonjezedwedwa kuti umuna sugwirizana.
Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chokonzekera zinziri - chakudya cha nkhuku sichikwanira. Mitundu yonse ya mavitamini ndi chinangwa imaphatikizidwa, kuti mbalamezo zimanenepa ndikuyika mazira. M'malo modyetsa, mutha kusakaniza chimanga ndi mapira, nthawi zina kuwonjezera mazira owiritsa ndi tchizi chanyumba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha zopatsa chidwi, mbalame zimatha kudya nyama yophika ya nkhuku, kuti zizitha kusintha mphutsi ndi zakudya zina za zinziri zakutchire.
Mbalame zimadyetsedwanso ndi zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo kupatsa anyezi wobiriwira wosakwiya - izi zimalimbitsa kufooka kwa nkhuku. Mu nthawi yozizira, zomwe sizachilendo kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kupatsa udzu wouma wosweka, womwe umasakanizidwa ndi chakudya wamba.
Komanso zinziri kuthengo komanso kunyumba zimatha kudya:
- mafupa am'madzi kapena nsomba
- mpendadzuwa mbewu, mbewu zonse. Mbalame zawo zimapezeka paminda yolima.
- nandolo, zigamba zophwanyika,
- mchere.
- Zipolopolo zophwanyika kapena zipolopolo zoonda zonse ngati kashiamu.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa zinziri. Tiwone momwe mbalame imakhalira kuthengo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi
Mapiri ndi mbalame zokonda mtendere zopanda njira zodzitetezera kupatula kubisala. Chapakatikati, amapita kuminda yaulimi, komwe amadya mbewu ndi kukumba masamba. Pazakudya izi, mbalame zimangonenepa msanga, ndichifukwa chake zimafa nthawi zambiri ndege. Mbalame zimakonzekera kuuluka pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumayamba kutsika pansi pazigawo za zero. Pofika pano, anapiye anali atakula kale ndikuphunzira kuwuluka, motero zinziri zimasokera m'masukulu akulu. Koma m'malo omwe kuphatikiza kutentha kumakhalapo, zinziri zimatha kukhazikika kwazaka zonse, ngakhale mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi ndege.
Ndege zam'madzi zimatha kutenga masabata angapo - "ma marathons" oterewa ndi mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimapulumuka. Mwachitsanzo, ochokera ku Siberia yaku Eastern, mitundu ina ya zinziri imawulukira ku India nyengo yachisanu, yomwe imawatenga milungu itatu ndi theka. Pakutha nyengo yotentha, zinziri zimalowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (nthawi zina awa ndi mabanja onse okhala ndi anapiye ndi mitala) - Umu ndi momwe amadzitenthesa usiku. Kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Russia amachoka mu Seputembala komanso pafupi ndi Okutobala.
Chifukwa cha mapiko ofooka komanso lamulo lamtundu woyenera kuyenda bwino, amayima pafupipafupi (mosiyana ndi magetsi kapena mapikidwe amodzimodzi). Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha olusa ndi osaka - pomaliza kuuluka, pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya mbalamezi zimafa. Mbalame zokulirapo khumi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo mukasaka mbeu ndi tizilombo m'nthaka yokhazikika pakati pa Russia. Koma samalekerera kuwononga zinyalala, chifukwa chake, "zizolowezi" zamasiku onse za mbalame zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthenga ndi kuyeretsa mkangano woopsa wa chisa chawo. Momwemonso, nthenga zokuta, zimachotsa majeremusi osokoneza.
Mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi chisa chake - amuna okha ndi amene alibe, popeza amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito, akufuna ngozi. Chidacho ndi bowo laling'ono lomwe pansi lomwe mbalame zimakumba ndi tinsapato zazikulu toterera. Dzenje limayikidwa ndi udzu wowuma ndi nthambi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Quail Chick
Mbalame zisalemo m'matumba a anthu 15-20. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumawathandiza kuti azitha kupewa kuwombana ndi zilombo zam'madzi ndikumatha kuzizira kwambiri. Makamaka gulu la akazi ndi amuna angapo, omwe amakhala ndi manyowa angapo. M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena wa June, zinziri zikamamva kutentha, nyengo yawo yobereketsa imayamba. Amuna amafunafuna okwatirana ndikukonzekera ndewu, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa onse mukuyimba mwamtendere ("woyimba" wabwino kwambiri adzakhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana naye) komanso pomenya nkhondo zolimba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nkhondo zamtundu wa Quail, limodzi ndi cockerels, ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu, koma sizikhala zamagazi chifukwa chosowa kwa spurs pamtunda wa zinziri.
Kutha msambo kwa mkazi kumachitika ali ndi zaka chimodzi - ndi mochedwa kwambiri kwa mbalame zomwe zikukula msanga, koma kuchepa kumalipiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anapiye omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi zinziri imodzi. Mkazi amakumba chisa ndi kukonzera ana obwera mtsogolo. Ziweto zachikazi zimadalira momwe dzikolo lilili lachonde - nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupi ndi minda yolima.
Kupangira chisa, zinziri sizigwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi udzu wokha, komanso madzi ake. Nthawi imodzi, mbalame imatha kuyikira mazira 20, omwe ndi ambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhuku (katatu). Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali posamalira mkazi, koma samachoka pachisa milungu iwiri, ngakhale atakhala ndi njala yayikulu ndi ludzu. Panthawi yolumikizira, zazikazi zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha adani.
Nkhuku zimabadwa zokhazokha komanso zolimba, zikafika pamwezi umodzi ndi theka zimatha kukhala mbalame zazikulire. Kungoyambira tsiku loyamba akamasaka akufunafuna chakudya, atha kuthawa adani. Amayi nthawi zambiri amapanga mtundu wa "mkhola" momwe gulu la zinziri limayang'anira ana akulu.
Malingaliro opangidwa ndi amayi oterewa amapatsa amayi anayi zinzirizo chinthu china chosangalatsa chomwe chimawonedwa mu mbalame zambiri zangokhala (mwachitsanzo, ma pheasant ndi magawo). Ngati zilombo zazing'onong'ono ngati chinsalu kapena nkhandwe zikaonekera pafupi, zinzirizo zimachoka pachisa, koma zimanamizira kuti mapiko akewo avulala. Akadumphira kwakanthawi, amatsogolera zilondazo kutali ndi chisa, kenako ndikunyamuka ndikubwerera kumakonzedwe - chilombocho sichikhala ndi kalikonse ndipo chimataya njira.
Chibadwa Cha Adani Achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Quail m'chilengedwe
Quailing ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya nkhalango ndi nkhwangwa.
Choyamba, izi ndi:
- nkhandwe. Amagunda zinzirizo usiku, osalephera kuthamangitsa udzu. Ankhandwe ndi amodzi mwa adani akuluakulu ozungulira, chifukwa ndiomwe amathandizira kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi,
- mimbulu. Zinyama zazikuluzikulu zoterezi sizimachoka kwenikweni m'nkhalango, koma nthawi yamanjala zimatha kulondola zinziri. Ngakhale chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komanso ulesi, mimbulu sitha kugwira mbalame yodumphira,
- zala, ma weasel, ma elm, ma martens. Zinyama zodyedwa mwaluso ndizosakira bwino mbalamezi, chifukwa zimayenda mwachangu ngati zinziri. Koma koposa zonse amasaka anapiye,
- abodza ndi abawi. Amakonda kutsatira gulu la mbalame nthawi yakusamuka, potero amapeza chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali,
- hamsters, gopher, makoswe ena. Zinzirizo nazo zimawakonda, koma sasamala kudya mazira, choncho nthawi zina zimawononga zisa zawo ngati zingathe kufikira mazira omwe aswedwa.
Adani achilengedwe samawopseza kuchuluka kwa zinziri, zomwe sitinganene za kusaka, chifukwa chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a zinziri wamba amatha kuzimiririka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Phokoso Lakuthengo
Quail - cholinga cha kusaka nyama komanso kusaka nyama. Ku USSR, kusaka zinziri kunali kofala kwambiri, motero kuwonongeka kwawo kunachitika pamalonda. Kudera lopanda mitengo, mbalamezo zidazimiririka pafupifupi, panthawiyi mitundu iwiri ya banja la pheasant idawonongeka. Koma chifukwa cha kuzimiririka kwa zinzirizo, iwo sanafe konse.
Ntchito yayikulu pakusunga kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama zidachitika mwa kubereka kwawo. M'zaka zapitazi, Ajapani adabzala zinziri za ku Japan ndipo adayamba kuzisakira m'mafamu a nkhuku. Mbalizi sizinasankhidwe, ndipo nyamazo zinasungidwa unyinji wa anthu. Komanso kuchuluka kwa zinzirizo zinayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha anthropogenic chinthu china - kulima nthaka yazaulimi.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zakufa kwa mbalame:
- Choyamba, kuwonongedwa kwa chilengedwe chawo. Nkhuku zomwe sizimatha kutuluka mu chisa pomwe zimaswa mazira ambiri zimafa pansi pa matayala amishini yaulimi,
- Kachiwiri, chithandizo cha mbewu ndi mbewu zomwe zimadyetsa mankhwala ophera zinziri omwe sangathe kugaya m'mimba mwake,
- Kachitatu, kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo okhala ndi chakudya. Zomera, tizilombo, gawo labwino la nkhalango sinathe kukhalapo panthawi yomwe anthu anali kulima kwambiri ku USSR, chifukwa zomwe zinziri zinalandidwa mwayi woti ziberekenso, chifukwa chake anthu anali akuchepa.
Ndizovuta kutchula ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mbalame, koma ndizodziwika kuti nyamazo sizatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo sizifunikira chitetezo. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwazonse pamafamu akuluakulu komanso kunyumba, zinziri zinabwezeretsa anthu osakwana theka la zaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukukulirakulira.
Quail - mbalame zomwe ndizofunikira mwachilengedwe komanso kunyumba. M'matankhidwe amtchire, amapanga gawo lofunikira mu phukusi la chakudya, ndipo kwa anthu ndi nyama chokoma ndi mazira, omwe mbalame zimatulutsa zochuluka. Sikuti Quail siivuta kuyisunga, motero anthu amaphunzira msanga kubereka pamalonda. Quail - M'modzi mwa oimira bwino kwambiri pa banja la pheasant.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Zinziri zodziwika / zakutchire ndi za banja la pheasant, lamulo la nkhuku. Kulemera kwa munthu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 100 g mpaka 140 g. kapangidwe kake ka zinzirizo ndi zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina.
Mbalamezi zimapanga zisaudzu muudzu wautali pamalo athyathyathya: mitengo ndi minda pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi mitsinje. Amathamanga kwambiri. Chakudya chimapezeka pansi, chimapanga zigawo za m'mwamba ndi matako ake. Ngakhale kupezeka kotheka, kugwira mbalame sikophweka, kumakhala kowoneka bwino m'maso komanso kumva ngakhale mumdima.
Njira yothawira imakanika molunjika "pansi." Amawuluka kawirikawiri, koma mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawombera mapiko awo.
Utoto wa motley umaphatikiza mitundu ya bulauni komanso yachikasu, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mbalameyo isawoneke kuthengo. Akazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi chibwano cholowera komanso mmero kuposa amuna.
Chochititsa chachikulu cha mbalame yakuthengo chinali kuthekera kwa "kubzala" kwawo ndi kuswana.
Mitundu ya mbalame - chopangira cha kubereka chopangidwa ndi munthu kuti aberekane mu ukapolo. Mukakhala kuthengo kuli mitundu iwiri yokha.
Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe a tambala ndipo akuwonetsa machitidwe omenyera, kuteteza gawo kapena malo ake pagululi. "Ndewu zoyimbira" zotchuka zidakhazikitsidwa pachizindikiro ichi.
Kuyimba koyimba wamba nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati kukuwa. Wamphongo amalumbira, kung'ung'udza, kutchera, ndikufuula kutengera zochitika zamasiku onse. Phokoso lodziwika bwino: kukhazikika modekha-pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, "wah-wah", kenako mofuula "pitani" ndikuti "pitani". Zachikazi ndizokonda kulira ("gurgle"), nthawi zina zofanana ndi kulira.
Nyimbo za "quuail" zimawonekera pamene mawu onse asakanizidwa.
Mverani mawu a zinziri
Mtunduwu umakhala wodekha pamakhalidwe, sungathe kuimba (kufuula), womwe adawutcha wosayankhula.Zinali zosavuta kuyang'anira mbalame zotere, yomwe inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe a Japan anachita pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo.
Mbalame ya Quail ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zoweta (mitundu) yomwe idakhalapo mwa kusankha kwa kupanga (kusankha) kuchokera ku "kubwezeretsa" chete zinziri zaku Japan.
Kuwona kwamtunduwo | Lembani dzina | Kulemera, g | Kulemera kwa dzira, g | Kupanga (mazira), ma PC / chaka |
Dzira | Chijapani | mpaka 100 | mpaka 12 | mpaka 320 |
Chingerezi (choyera) | mpaka 170 | mpaka 13 | mpaka 310 | |
Nyama | Farao | mpaka 220 | mpaka 17 | mpaka 300 |
Texas | mpaka 350 | isanafike 18 | mpaka 260 | |
Dzira ndi nyama (yosakanizidwa) | Chiestonia | mpaka 180 | mpaka 14 | mpaka 310 |
Tuxedo | mpaka 150 | mpaka 12 | mpaka 280 | |
Manchurian | mpaka 190 | mpaka 16 | mpaka 250 | |
Zokongoletsa | California | mpaka 280 | mpaka 11 | mpaka 110 |
Ku Russia, mitundu iwiri yazodziwika kwambiri imalengedwa: Chijapani ndi Farawo, komanso mitundu yomwe adapeza powoloka.
Tuxedo
Mtoto wowoneka bwino kwambiri m'mabanja a zinziri za tuxedo (wolemba chithunzicho sakudziwika, mwatsoka).
Ili ndi mawonekedwe ambiri: kumbuyo kwakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, komanso kowala patsogolo. Zilandira kuchokera kuntchito zoberekera ndi zinziri zoyera ndi zakuda. Zosangalatsa makamaka kuchokera pamawonekedwe okongoletsera. Zizindikiro zokolola, malinga ndi alimi, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachokera kugulu.
Kugwiritsanso ntchito kwina kwa tuxedos ndikupanga mitanda yawoyawo ya nyama ndi zinzirizo zinayi zikasakanizidwa ndi magazi a ku Estonia.
Moyo & Habitat
Masamba okongoletsa amakhala osakhazikika, opanda malo. Pazakudya zokwanira "zakale". Podzafika nthawi yomwe tirigu akakhwima, zinziri ndi anapiye akuluakuluwo zimasamukira kumalo "buledi". Munthawi imeneyi, amayamba kulemera, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha osaka. Nyengo ya "zinziri" imatsegulidwa panthawi yokolola masika (kumapeto kwa Ogasiti).
Quail mu chithunzi ikuwonetsa bwino kuthekera kubisala. Ngozi ikachitika, imayamba ndipo imalumikizana ndi chilengedwe. Poopseza kwanthawi yayitali, amathawa mwachangu ndikubisala. Muzochuluka kwambiri, zimatha.
Pokhala olimba mtima kwa zilombo komanso kudziteteza ku kuukira kwawo, mbalame zimakhala m'magulu. Usiku amasonkhana mozungulira, ndi michira mkati. Mwanjira imeneyi, mlonda wa "usiku" amaperekedwa. Kuphatikiza pa anthu, ndizowopsa:
Kusunthira kwambiri mu mphete, mutha kudzitchinjiriza ku chimfine. Khalidwe la tsiku ndi tsiku silosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Amakhala ku Africa, Indonesia ndi Europe. Mbalame zokonda kutentha nthawi yozizira kumadera akumwera okha.
Kuphatikiza kulemera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbalame zimakonzekera kuuluka, zomwe zimayambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala, kutengera malo. Kulemera kumafunikira kuti kuthana ndi mphepo, mphamvu ndizofunikira kuthawa, ndipo mafuta omwe asonkhanawo ndi othandizanso munthawi ya "njala" ya njirayo.
Nthawi zambiri, ikafika kumalo komwe nthawi yachisanu imafunira, mbalamezo zimagona kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pakuuluka mtunda waitali. Mtundu, kukula, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso malo okhala, munthu wamba wosasamala amatha kusokoneza iwo ndi mbalame zina.
Mbalame za Quail:
- kukhumudwa,
- masewera achisamba (chofinya, dzenje, zinyalala),
- zinziri.
Manchurian
Manchurians ali utoto wokongola bwino, wamtambo wachikasu. Mu chithunzi, mbalameyi imawoneka yayikulupo kuposa zenizeni.
Mtundu uwu ndiwowona bwino kuti nyumba zikule ngati chilengedwe. Mwa kulemera, ndizotsika pang'ono kuposa a Mafarao (260-280 gr.), Mwa kupanga mazira nawonso (mpaka 260 ma PC. Chaka chilichonse). Koma chilakolako chawo sichikhala chokwanira ngati cha mitundu ya nyama, ndipo ndikawoloka ndi maEurope, zosakaniza zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chakudya chachikulu ndi zakudya zomangidwa ndi mbewu. Mbalame zaulele:
- mbewu
- mbewu
- masamba a udzu, zitsamba,
- inflorescence azitsamba zam'munda.
Kukucha nthaka, kukumba tizilombo tating'ono, nyongolotsi. Chakudya cha nyama choyambira ndichofunikira kwambiri anapiye. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhala ndi poizoni wa chakudya kwa anthu zomera: hemlock, cicuta ndi ena.
Mu mbalame, chitetezo chokhazikika chimakhazikitsidwa ndi ziphezi. Zinthu zoopsa zimatha kudziunjikira minofu minofu. Kulusa koteroko kumatha kukhala kudabwitsa kosaka kwa osaka "Royal masewera" ndikupangitsa poyizoni.
Komabe, ngakhale atalimbana kwambiri ndi ziphe zachilengedwe, mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri ziphe za mankhwala. Feteleza ochokera kuminda, kamodzi pachakudya, amatha kupha mbalame.
Kudya kwa mbalame zakundende ndikosiyana kwambiri. Kunyumba, zisa zimadyetsedwa mazira owiritsa, osweka ndi zipolopolo, tchizi tchizi, zitsamba, yogati ndi kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu, kusakaniza koyenera kwa zinthu zingapo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zakudya zamasiku onse zimalemeretsedwa ndi mapuloteni: tchizi tchizi, nsomba. Zowonjezera mchere ndizofunikanso: choko, thanthwe la chipolopolo.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kutalika kwa mbalame kumakhala kwa zaka 6. Paukapolo, chiyembekezo chamoyo chimachepetsedwa kukhala zaka 3-4. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ndi masiku ofunda kwambiri amasamba. M'madera ozizira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Kufunitsitsa kwa kubereka kumawonekera ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zojambula zazitali zazimuna zimakopa zazikazi. Mwambiri, ufulu wokhala ndi chibwenzi umayenera kupambana mu nkhondo. Mbalame sizipanga awiriawiri.
Zinziri zimamanga chisa mutatha kukhwima. Kuti achite izi, amakumba kabowo kosabisika pamalo obisika ndikuikamo udzu wouma. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali popanga chisa ndi kuswa mazira.
Mazira a Quail imvi yakuda yokhala ndi madontho a bulauni komanso malo amitundu yayikulu. Clutch imatha kukwana mazira makumi awiri. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Pa tsiku la 15, kuluma kumayamba.
Kukwatirana, anapiye nthawi yomweyo amafika. Zochita zikuwonetsedwa pambuyo poti ziwunda ziuma. Kuyambira ndi miyezi iwiri, anapiye sakufunanso chisamaliro cha amayi awo ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziimira pawokha.
Kusamalira pakhomo komanso kukonza
Popita nthawi, mbalame zamalonda zakhala zovuta kuvuta kuthengo. Chifukwa chakuchulukitsidwa kwa anthu kusaka, ziletso zidayambitsidwa. Ndikotheka kusaka zinziri nthawi isamuke komanso amuna okha. Akazi amayenera kusungidwa kuti asamalire ana. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zambiri zimafera kuthengo chifukwa chakufa ndi mankhwala, pakukolola komanso nthawi yayitali ndege kupita kumawonekedwe otentha.
Wogula aliyense patebulopo ankayesetsa kuthana ndi vuto la kuwoneka kwa nyama ndi mazira m'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana lomaliza, pamene kwa nthawi yoyamba ku USSR mbalame yobweretsedwa idabwera. Kenako kuswana kunadzetsedwa pamlingo wazaka mazana awiri. Pakadali pano, aliyense angathe kupeza famu yawo yaying'ono.
Pobwerera kwathu imagwira bwino ntchito yomangidwa. Amasiyana ndi nzeru zakutchire. Sakufuna malo oti agwiritse ntchito. Palibenso chifukwa chopotoza zisa ndi kuwaswa mazira.
Musanagule mini-quailweed, muyenera kutsatira malangizo angapo.
Ngakhale zinziri “zapakhomo” - mbalame yakuthengo ndipo sinataye mwayi wouluka. Chifukwa chake, njira wamba yolerera mu cholembera siyabwino kwa iye. Maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Zitha kugulidwa zokonzedwa zopangidwa kapena kupangidwa mosadalira pamatabwa, plywood, mauna kapena ndodo. Kufikira kwa odyetsa mbalame ndi akumwa kuyenera kukhala kwaulere.
Kukula kwa Quail pafupifupi, kuyambira masentimita 16 mpaka 21. Madera otetezedwa pazolinga 10 ayenera kukhala osachepera 100 cm mpaka 50. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika zokhazokha pamwamba pake ndizosungira malo ndikuwathandiza.
Chipinda choyenera chomwe ma cellwo adzaikemo chizikhala chowuma, chotentha, chopanda kukonzekera, chikhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuteteza mawonekedwe ku dzuwa. Kuti muchepetse maola ambiri masana, kuunikira koyenera kumafunikiranso.
- Sankhani komwe akuwonekere ndikuwoneka.
Dzira ndi nyama zimatha kuphatikizidwa bwino posankha mtundu wosakanikirana wapadziko lonse.Koma kwa oyamba kumene pankhaniyi, zinziri za ku Japan ndizoyenera kwambiri. Imakhala ndi zochulukitsitsa: mazira 300 pachaka, safuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa gulu ndipo sikuti akufuna kuti azidyetsa bwino. Yaikazi imayamba kununkha ikakwanitsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Pazaka zinayi zokha, "kupha" kulemera kumayamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu ndiwofunikira ngati cholinga ndikupereka mazira asanu ndi awiri ndi nyama zinziri ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuti muchite izi, ingopezani chuma cha 50 zolinga. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha kupindika komanso kuchuluka kwachuma, chiwerengerochi chidzachulukira pafupifupi nthawi 10 pachaka.
Wamkazi ali mu ukapolo samaswa mazira, motero, ndikofunikira kuti azikoloweka anapiyewo pochita kupanga. Mukamadyetsa akuluakulu, amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamagulu chomwe chimawonjezera zokolola. Kuphatikiza kwa nkhono ndi mphutsi pazakudya ndikulandiridwa.
Apulo wokometsedwa, dzungu kapena karoti amawonjezeredwa ku zosakaniza za njere zazing'ono. Kuphika ndi zowonjezera zotere kumatha kubweretsa chimbudzi. Akuluakulu amawonjezera mchenga wowerengeka kuti azitha kugaya. Gawo lofunikira pakudya ndi masamba. Komabe, pali mndandanda wazomera zomwe siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kudyetsa.
- Zodutsa kuchokera ku mbatata ndi phwetekere.
- Parsley.
- Mabulosi.
- Selari.
- Sorelo.
- Rye.
- Raw ndi yophika buckwheat groats.
Chifukwa chodziteteza kwambiri, anapiye a zinziri amatha kupulumuka komanso kupewa matenda. Mazira a nyama ndi zinziri ndi hypoongegenic ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira komanso zofunika.
Mitundu ya zinziri
Pali nyama, dzira, nyama ndi dzira ndi mitundu yokongoletsera zinziri. Kutengera zolinga zomwe mumakwaniritsa, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu.
Mtundu waukulu wa zinziri
- Chijapani . The kuswana ali ndi mbiri ya zaka 900 za kubereka ndipo amatulutsa mazira ambiri - 250-300 pachaka. Kulemera kwa dzira - 8-12 g. Mafuta amagwiritsa ntchito 30 g patsiku. Koma nthumwi za mtundu waku Japan sizitha kuwatchingira mazira, mbalame zimachita manyazi mosazungulira ndipo zimapanikizika. Nyama yamtundu wa Quail imangofika magalamu 120-140 okha, chifukwa chake sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
- Marble . Amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu ndi mtundu wa ku Japan. Phulusa la Marble limapereka mazira 320 pachaka, osachita manyazi komanso phokoso. Mazira ndi okulirapo - 15-18 g, kulemera kwa nyama - 150-200 g. Mbalameyi ndi yosusuka kwambiri - mpaka 40-50 g patsiku.
- Chingerezi chakuda . Quail imapereka mazira 280 pachaka, kulemera kwa mazira - mpaka 14 g, amasangalala ndikakhazikika (pafupifupi isanayambike), imadya 35 g ya chakudya patsiku, imagwira mazira. Kulemera kwa Quail - 170-200 g.
- Chizungu . Zambiri za zinziri za mtunduwu ndizofanana ndi zakuda, kusiyana kokha ndi mtundu wa manambala.
- Oyendetsa ndege. Uwu ndi mtundu waku Esitonia - osakaniza a Japan, Chingerezi ndi Farao, mtundu wa nyama. Kuyala kumapereka mazira 310 pachaka (masekeli 9-11 g), amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira - amapulumuka mpaka 98% ya ana. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 180-210, komwe kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito nyama monga nyama. Quail imasowa pafupifupi 35 g yazakudya patsiku.
- Farao. Uwu ndi mtundu woweta nyama ku USA. Kulemera kwa nyama yam'mimba kumasiyana kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 300. M'chaka, nkhuku yodula imapatsa mazira 150-210 olemera 12-16 g ndipo imadya 35-40 g ya chakudya.
- Texas yoyera . Quail amatanthauza amtundu wa nyama, okhala m'madzi. Kulemera kwa mtembowo kumafika ku 450 g, motero mbalameyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza nyama. Mitundu imadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwapamwamba.
Wapampando wa Association of Breeders and Breeders of Exotic birds of the Republic of Moldova
Timakonda zoyera ndi zoyera za Texas. Izi ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yochokera ku zinziri, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuchokera kubanja la dzira. Nyama yolemera 280-300 g m'masiku 45, ndipo dzira ndi 18-20 g. Ndife opanga mazira kuti tizilowetsedwa ndipo miyezi isanu ndi inayi yomwe timagula kapena kusinthanitsa mazira ochokera kumayiko ena (Austria, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Holland, Romania), Chifukwa chake, "timasintha magazi" kuti tisunge maubwino oyambirirawo ndikupatula masinthidwewo.
Zinthu zikukula
Ngati inu kale anaganiza chake muyenera zinziri, mazira kapena nyama, banja kapena ndalama, ndiye inu mukhoza chitani gulu la zinthu kusunga nkhuku. Pali mfundo zazikulu zingapo.
Chipinda. Pakuti kukonza zinziri munda wa mitu 100-300, chipinda cha 10 m² ndi abwino, komwe kulibe drafts, koma pali mpweya wabwino. Mphamvu ya zinziri imathandizira, motero mbalameyo imafunikira mpweya watsopano. M'nyengo yotentha, ngati nyengo ilola, maselo amatha kutsalira mumsewu - bola malo atatsekedwa ndipo palibe amphaka (ferrets ndi ena omwe amadyera).
Kuonetsetsa otaya mpweya wabwino ofunika mbalame pa mlingo wa 2 m³ / 1 makilogalamu zinziri m'nyengo yozizira ndi 5 m³ m'chilimwe, mpweya wofewetsa angathe kuikidwa.
Kumbukirani kuti zinziri sizimakonda mawu akuthwa - ngati nkotheka, pezani kudzipatula.
Selo. Zinziri - mbalame yaing'ono kwambiri. Ndiowopsa kumulola kupita kumalo owonera ndege. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri kupangira anapiye ndi achikulire mu khola. Mukhoza kupanga zinziri nokha kwa chabwino ndi mauna amphamvu zitsulo ndi plywood pepala ndi khomo pamwamba. Mbalame iliyonse imayenera kukhala ndi 200 sq. onani ngati mtundu wa nyama, ndiye 10% ina.
Komabe, ngati m'dera amalola, ndi bwino kumanga 30x30 masentimita khola banja lililonse zinziri - zambiri 3-4 akazi ndi mwamuna akutsogolera munthu wamkulu (palibe kufunika kwake ngati mukufuna kuthana yekha ndi mazira). Mukakonza, kumbukirani kuti kutalika kwa "denga" sikuyenera kukhala kosaposa masentimita 25. Pangani pansi pa khola ndi malo otsetsereka kuti mazira azitsikira mchombo. Khazikitsani ndi pallet ya zinyalala. Kuphimba denga ndi Zipangizo zofewa - zinziri zouluka amavutika ngati pamwamba pa nyumba ndi zitsulo. Mwinanso, konzani mabatire a cell opanga.
Kuwala. Popanda kuwala, zinziri, monga nkhuku, kudya, kulemera phindu ndi udzu. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali masana, maola 8-10 - chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Kuwononga izi sikuyenera.
Sasunga kuwala pa usana ndi usiku - mwinamwake, amuna kukhala wamanjenje choyamba, akazi pang'ono. Kulimbana kumayamba, zinziri kupanga mazira kugwa, kulakalaka kudya. M'mafamu akulu a nkhuku, momwe mazira amapangidwira, mafakitale masana maola 18, pambuyo pake amdima ndi kuwala, maola 2 osinthika. Malamulo ali zotsatira zopindulitsa pa zokolola mbalame.
Kutentha. Mapiri ndiosavuta kubzala pakati pa Russia ndendende chifukwa mbalame simalola kutentha. Mlengalenga kutentha sayenera upambana 18-200 C. Pakuti nyama - madigiri 2-3 apamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kutenthetsa chipinda chomwe maselo ali, ndipo nthawi yotentha - kuti kuziziritsa, kupewa kukonzekera.
Ngati boma la kutentha sililemekezedwa, kupanga mazira kumachepa, ndipo kufa nkotheka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukhoza kusankha dongosolo Kutentha ndi mpweya. Mulingo woyenera wa chinyezi ndi 60-75%.
Kudyetsa. Ngati mukupita kawetedwe zinziri mu dziko kapena dziko nyumba, kumene simuli masiku 7 pa mlungu, n'zomveka kuti kukhazikitsa bunker-mtundu wodyetsa. Chifukwa chake, posakhalapo, mbalameyo imalandira chakudya. Mbale yosakira yabwino kwambiri ndi njira ya nipple. Feeders, chifukwa ukhondo, ndi bwino kuika kunja danga selo. Mbalame zodyetsa ziyenera kukhala 2-3 nthawi masana masana nthawi yomweyo. Kuphwanya ulamuliro kumakhala ndi nkhawa.
Zakudya. Zakudya za Quail nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi 60% ya mbewu. Chotsalira ndi calcium (ufa kuchokera ku zipolopolo za mitsinje), amadyera (udzu, nyemba, nettle), nsomba kapena nyama ndi zinyalala za mafupa, chakudya cha mpendadzuwa. Nthawi, muzu masamba ndi mbatata yophika akuwonjezeka zakudya za mbalame. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chogulidwa ndi mavitamini ndi michere - kutengera mtundu wa zinziri. Alimi aluso amalangiza njira yosavuta: tirigu - 30%, chimanga - 25%, malovu apansi - 5%, barele - 5%, kuphatikiza zowonjezera nsomba komanso zitsamba.
Anapiye ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Masiku atatu oyamba amoyo, nyama zazing'ono zimadya mazira osenda bwino.Kenako, amadyeranso ndi tchizi ndipo amadyetsa nkhuku zambiri. Madzi a anapiye ayenera kuwiritsa - pofuna kupewa, piritsi la chloramphenicol limatha kuchepetsedwa mwa chakumwa. Kuyambira ndi masiku 8, anapiyewo amasinthidwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Zinyalala. Phimbani pansi pa khola ndi utuchi, udzu ndi udzu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisintha zinyalala nthawi zonse kuti zinzirizo "zisagwere." Kangapo pamlungu, ikani chidebe chokhala ndi phulusa la masentimita atatu mu zinzirizo - kuti mbalame zimatsuka nthenga zawo. Mutha kuyikamo ziweto m'khosamo pomwe mukuyeretsa zoimbira. Mchenga wamtsinje woyeretsedwa ndiwofunikanso chifukwa chake. Koma musanaponyere crate ya phulusa / mchenga, yang'anani chidebe cha mazira.
Momwe mungasankhire anapiye oyenera
Quail ndizovuta kulekerera kusintha kwa nyumba - mbalame imakonda kupanikizika, zomwe zimakhudza kupanga mazira molakwika. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mbalameyi imasiya kuyikira mazira, ngakhale mseu udakhala wochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, akuluakulu sagulitsidwa kuti aziswana - pokhapokha ngati eni akewo alibe chikumbumtima.
Mu chofungatira mutha kupeza zinziri za tsiku ndi tsiku. Alimi omwe amagwira ntchito yobereketsa mbalame amapereka sabata iliyonse ndipo nthawi zina anapiye azaka 30. Ngati mukudziwa kale chisamaliro cha zinziri komanso zofunikira zonse posunga, ndiye kuti mutha kutenga ochepa kwambiri, patsiku, mbalame. Chifukwa chake mumasungira pakugula kwa zolinga, ndipo umunthu udzakhala pafupi ndi zero.
Koma ngati mulibe chidziwitso ndipo mikhalidwe siyabwino, ndiye ndibwino kuti mutenge zinziri pamwezi, zomwe zathetsa kale zaka zowopsa kwambiri. Komabe, zinziri zomwe zidakalamba zimagulitsanso zina 5-6. Mukuganiza.
Ganizirani chisankho cha "golide" - anapiye a zinziri sabata iliyonse. Zadziwika kale kuti munthu ndi wamkazi uti, mtengo wake ndiwotani, chisamaliro chokhacho chofunikira chofunikira kupewera matenda ndi kufa kwa mbalame.
Kusankhidwa kwa anapiye kuyenera kukhala osamala pazaka zilizonse. Yenderani zinziri, maso ayenera kukhala opepuka, owoneka bwino, am'mimba - owuma komanso oyera, komanso mulomo - olimba. Kulira kwambiri kumasonyezanso thanzi labwino la munthuyo.
Musaiwale za phulusa kapena mchenga wamtsinje - kwa zinziri ndi mwayi wotsuka nthenga ndikuchotsa majeremusi. Lankhulani ndi veterinarian wanu za katemera - kutengera ndi malowa, katemera wina akuyenera. Samalani maula - ngakhale dazi pang'ono limatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda akulu. Kugwada pamapazi anu ndi chifukwa china chofunikira chofunsira akatswiri.
Momwe mungapangitsire mazira okhathamiritsa
Kuti muchite izi, bambo wamwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi - kapena wamwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi 4 - obzalidwa m'maselo. Awa azikhala achinyamata azaka 2-8 miyezi.
Poyamba, mutha kulima zinziri ku banja lanu, ndipo njirayi ikayenda bwino, mwina mutha kupanga bizinesi yabwino. Msika wogulitsa ukhoza kupezeka pakati pa oyandikana nawo, pamapulatifomu ochezera pa intaneti, pamagulu ochezera.
Famu ya Quail ngati bizinesi - kodi ndibwino kupangira zinziri?
Njira yophatikiza yophatikiza: kupanga nyama, mazira, anapiye opangira, komanso kukonza zinyalala mu protein 25% ndi vermicompost 45%. Mutha kukwanitsa kusunga ndalama pakudya - pafupifupi kawiri. Mapuloteni amapita kukadyetsa, ndipo vermicompost imapita kuulimi wowonjezera kutentha. Komanso ndi njira yothetsera chilengedwe.
Pang'ono pang'ono za zinyalala za zinziri
Zinyalala za Quail zimakonzedwa ndikukula kwa mphutsi za ntchentche ndikupeza mapuloteni othandizira (protein) kuchokera kuzinthu. Kuchokera pa 1 litre ya zinyalala mutha kupeza pafupifupi 250 kg ya mapuloteni amoyo komanso atsopano, omwe amadya zinziri bwino ndi mapuloteni amanyama. Mbalame iliyonse imayenera kudya tirigu, mapuloteni a nyama (mphutsi, mphutsi) ndi chakudya chotetezeka chobiriwira, magawo ofanana pachakudya chake cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mtengo wa litani imodzi ya zinyalala ndi pafupifupi madola 16-17, ndipo 250 kg ya mapuloteni kuchokera ku toni imodzi ingawononge ndalama zosachepera 140. Zinyalala zochokera ku mphutsi za ntchentche zomwe zimakonza zinyalala.Pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu pa litre ya zinyalala zobwezeretsedwayo zimawononga $ 44. Zamoyo zimagwira ntchito pochotsa zinyalala kuti zizipeza ndalama popanda kuchitapo kanthu – mphutsi zodya zinyalala zokha.
Kodi muli pompo
Quail (genus Coturnix coturnix) - mbalame yotchedwa motley, yokhala ndi mchenga wamtundu wamtundu wa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zamtundu wa nkhuku. Ku Russia, zigawo ziwiri za zinziri wamba zimakhala munthawi zachilengedwe - zinziri za ku Europe komanso zosalankhula (Japan). Otsiriza okha (mitundu yake yosungidwa) mu chochuluka imakhala ndi oweta nkhuku - amateurs kunyumba.
Zinziri za ku Japan, adatchulidwa koyamba kuti adapangidwa kwawo kudziko lotentha - Japan.
Kumeneku iwo adachita nawo ziwonetsero zakale za zana la 11, koma kugwiranagwirira zinapangidwa makamaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, makamaka ataphulitsidwa atomiki a Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki.
Boma la Japan, litakhazikitsa zotsatira zabwino za mazira a zinziri pakukula kwa malingaliro a ana, lidakweza tsiku lililonse mazira awiri a zinziri ndi ana asukulu akudya cham'mawa ngati imodzi mwalamulo la dzikolo. Mwina ili ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa za "chozizwitsa cha ku Japan"?
Pakadali pano, mitundu ingapo ya zinziri zaku Japan zapezeka mwa kuswana: nsangalabwi, pharaoh, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi mazira ndi nyama, panyumba komanso pamafakitale. Kulemera konse kwa amuna a zinzala zapakhomo ndi pafupifupi 110, zazikazi ndizokwana mpaka 150. Ziwumba za ku Japan zimayamba kuyikira mazira wazaka za 45 - masiku 50 ndipo mchaka zimayikira mazira 300 - 340 okhathamira komanso athanzi, omwe misa yake ndi 10-12 g. nkhuku. Tizirombo tina tachikazi tokhala ndi kulemera kwenikweni kwa 125 g, kupanga mazira 250-200 timakhala ndi dzira lochulukirapo 20-25 kuposa mbalame imodzimodzi (maulendo 8 mu nkhuku). Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya zinziri imakoma kwambiri ndipo imawerengedwa ngati chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, Mitundu yapadera ya zinziri za ku Japan za njira zosiyanasiyana zidasanjidwa - kuyikira mazira ndi womata (nyama). Mayendedwe a broiler a Quail amafika msanga 200 - 250 g, pomwe unyinji wa mbalame zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dzira sizikupezeka kuposa 150 -180 g.
Ndipo anthu okhala ku Central Asia amakhulupirira kuti zinziri zimabweretsa chuma ndi chitukuko munyumba momwe zimasungidwa m'thanthi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo ena, miyambo imasungidwa kuti ikonze ndewu zinziri. Mafani amayamikiranso zinziri chifukwa cha nyimbo yabwino komanso yopatsa chidwi.
Mazira a quail ndi apamwamba kuposa nkhuku mum michere yambiri. Mazira asanu a zinziri, cholemera chofanana ndi nkhuku imodzi, amakhala ndi potaziyamu kasanu, kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka 2,5, vitamini B1 ndi B2 wambiri. Mazira a Quail ali ndi vitamini A wambiri, nicotinic acid, phosphorous, mkuwa, cobalt, malire ndi zina za amino acid. Kuphatikiza apo, mazira a zinziri amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri kuposa mbalame zina za ana. Mwachitsanzo, nkhuku, dzira limakhala ndi mapuloteni 55.8%, mu zinziri - 60%.
Mwa mbalame zambiri ana, mazira amapanga zoposa 10% ya unyinji wa dzira, mu zinziri - 7,2% yokha. Chigoba cha mazira a zinziri imakhala ndi utoto, wosalimba, koma uli ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri. Utoto wa mazira a zinziri ndi motley kwambiri, wofanana ndi miyala yam'nyanja ndipo umasiyana kuchokera pakuda kwambiri mpaka kuyera koyera.
Mazira a Quail ndi zinthu zofunika kuzinthu zofunika kwa anthu, ndipo mulibe cholesterol mwa iwo. M'mabukuwa muli umboni kuti kale, mazira ndi nyama ya zinziri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zothandizira kubwezeretsa ndi kusankha zinziri ku Japan. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya ma farao ku Egypt, nyama zinziri zimadziwika kuti zimachiritsa. Ku Japan, mazira a zinziri wobiriwira ndi mandimu a lalanje amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza mphumu.
Mazira a Quail ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali chomwe chingalimbikitsidwe mu zakudya za ana ndi akulu matenda angapo.Samangoyambitsa zochitika zonse ngakhale mwa anthu omwe mazira amatsutsana ndi mazira a nkhuku, koma m'malo mwake amaletsa. Mapuloteni ena apadera (ovomukoid) omwe amapezeka m'mazira a zinziri amachitira chifuwa.
Ndipo mazira a zinziri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukutira pakhungu la nkhope ndi mutu. Amakhala ndi ma amino acid ofunika ambiri, omwe ndi tyrosine, omwe amathandiza ndi kagayidwe ndipo amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a pigment, motero, mawonekedwe athanzi.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe magazini ya OGONEK idalemba No. 38 -1997 zokhudza kuchiritsa kwa mazira a zinziri. Nkhaniyi inali ndi mutu wakuti “Miphika Ya Boma. Quail zotsutsana ndi matenda a radiation ":
"M'malo ophunzitsira ana a Luki m'chigawo cha Vitebsk, mazira a zinziri anagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa ana aang'ono omwe adagwa ku Chernobyl. Ana makumi asanu ndi limodzi kuyambira azaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka khumi ndi zitatu ndi nazale yonse ya matenda adasankhidwa. Mwa awa, ana 30 adatenga mazira a zinziri kwa masiku 45 (mazira 226 pa nthawi yowonera), ndipo ana 26 otsalawo ndi gulu lotsogolera. Munthawi ya maphunzirowa, palibe zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimadziwika, ngakhale kwa ana omwe ali ndi mphumu ya bronchial.
Zotsatira zake, chisangalalo chosinthika mwa ana, kutopa ndi kupweteka mumtima zinatha, madandaulo a chizungulire komanso mphuno zachepa. Madokotala adapereka lingaliro: kuzindikira mazira a zinziri monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya ndikuwalimbikitsa mu chithandizo cha anthu omwe ali ndi radiation. Mazira m'malo mwa mankhwala okwera mtengo komanso malo osungika osagulika. "
Pali zina zambiri zokhuza kuchiritsa kwa thupi pakugwiritsa ntchito mazira zinziri.
Kuti mupeze michere yofunikira, munthu wamkulu amalimbikitsidwa kumwa mazira anayi a zinziri tsiku lililonse, ndipo mwana - 2 mpaka 3.
Kutsika pamikhalidwe ya kumangidwa, kudyetsa, mitundu yofatsa ya mbalamezi, kusangalatsa kosangalatsa kwa anyani ndipo pafupifupi kugona kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa chikwangwani chaching'ono kumapangitsa kuti zomwe zili mu chidwi ndi zamasewera.
ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZA ADULT Quarters.
Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya zinziri - Japan, mitundu ina ya zinziri siyosiyana pang'ono pazakudya ndi kuswana kuchokera ku Japan.
Mukamasunga zinziri za ku Japan kuti mulandire mazira a chakudya, zamphongo sizofunikira konse, popeza zinziri zizinyamulidwa popanda wamwamuna, koma chonde osadzinyalanyaza ndi chisangalalo chakuwona zinzirizo zosamala ndi zosewerera!
Ngati cholinga chanu sikungopeza chakudya chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi kwa mbalame, komanso kuti mudzidziyesa nokha ngati wotsogolera famu ya nkhuku zapakhomo, ndiye zinziri - mukungofunika wamwamuna!
Pongoyambira, ndibwino kupeza mbalame zazing'ono (1-1.5 miyezi). Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalame zazing'ono zosavuta kusunthira kumalo okhalamo, kuzolowera boma latsopano komanso kudya ndikudyetsa komanso masana masana.
Mukamasankha mbalame, yang'anani nthenga kuzungulira zovala. Kodi ndi uve? Kodi mlomo ndiwouma komanso wopanda zophuka? Kodi pali zothimbirira zobisika ndi madothi paziphuphu zamalaya? Mbalameyi siyenera kukhala yolemera kwambiri kapena yopyapyala kwambiri. Kupuma kuyenera kukhala kopanda chopondera kapena kumayimba mluzu. Podwala, mbalame ndiyosakhazikika, yasokonezeka.
Miphika imatha kusungidwa m'makola, m'matumba, kapena mu bokosi lililonse, kwinaku ndikuwonetsetsa kuwala kokwanira. Khola lomwe lili ndi kukula kwa 30x30 cm ndiloyenererana kusunga akazi okwanira 3-4 ndi amphongo amodzi (iyi ndi "banja" lokwanira), kutalika kwa khola ndi masentimita 20-25. Ngati kutalika kwa khola kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa 25 cm., Muyenera kupanga denga lofewa (kutambasulira minofu yofewa mkati mwa khola, mwachitsanzo, chingwe chokhala ndi masentimita 2-3) kuti mbalame zisamenye mitu yawo. Ma quail amauluka "makandulo" pamtunda ndipo amatha kupweteketsa mitu yawo.
Mkati mwa khola, palibe zisa kapena mitengo yofunikira, chifukwa zinziri sizikhala pa iwo, ndikuthamangira pansi. Pansi pa khola mutha kuphimbidwa ndi udzu, udzu, utuchi, zokutira, nyuzipepala ndikusintha zinyalala ndikayamba kukhala uve.Zinziri zowala ziyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 17-20, izi ndizofunikira kuti mbalame ziyambe kuyikira mazira mwachangu. Mwambiri, mawonekedwe opepuka ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse: Kumbali imodzi, kuyesa njira zowunikira, mutha kupeza mazira awiri patsiku kuchokera ku mbalame zina, koma mbali inayi, maola ataliatali masana amatha kubweretsa kukangana mu mbalame, ndipo ayamba kumenyana pakati pawo, zomwe zingayambitse ngakhale kufa kwa mbalame. Ngati mbalame zanu zidayamba kumenyera, ndiye kuti pali njira zingapo zakukondweretsirani omangawo, mwachitsanzo: kudzala kopsa
Mbalame ikalowa m'chikwere china, kapena panjira ina wamba ikapangireni bwino kuti ipange ngodya. Kapenanso kuti muchepetse kuwongolera kwa mbalamezo, mutha kungochita khungu pang'onopang'ono, kapena ngati izi sizikuthandizani, mutha kubweretsamo khola m'chipinda chilichonse chamdima ndikuwakhalitsa masiku 3-5. Koma musaiwale za chakudya!
Kutentha kachipinda komwe mungakakhale ndi zinzirizo sikuyenera kugwera pansi + 16º C, apo ayi zinzirizo sizithamanga konse, ndipo kutentha kwa 0 + 5º C, amatha kufa konse. Chipinda chomwe zovekeramo zinziri chiyenera kukhala chotentha, chowuma, komanso mpweya wabwino, ndikupatsa mpweya wabwino. Kudya mpweya watsopano sikuyenera kuyenda nawo. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za kupezeka kwa zojambula ndi kutaya nthenga kwa mbalame.
Mzipinda momwe zinziri zazikulu zimasungidwa, chinyezi cha wachibale sayenera kukhala wotsika kuposa 55 ndi kupitirira 75%. Makulidwewo ndi 60 - 70%.
Kutentha kumasungidwa pamlingo wa 20 - 22 ° C, kusinthasintha kuchokera pa 16 - 25 ° C Kovomerezeka. Zachidziwikire, ngati zinziri zimasungidwa mu chipinda cha mzindawo, ndiye kuti kutentha kumeneku kumakhalabe kosapindulitsa kwambiri.
Pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata, mbalame zimayenera kukonza malo osambira, chifukwa mukafuna chida chotalikirana, chozama chomwe muyenera kutsanulira phulusa, mbalame zimayamikirani kwambiri! Kusamba kwa phulusa ndikofunikira popewa majeremusi azisamba.
Ngati mukufuna kusungitsa mbalame mu mlengalenga, ndiye kuti denga liyenera kupangidwa kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka, ndiye kuti silifika pamwamba pa aviary. Pawayilesi, mabanja angapo a zinziri amatha kukhala limodzi.
Ndikofunikira kupangira zinziri za zinziri ndi mbale zakumwa zakumwa ndi odyetsa. Chakudya ndi madzi zidzakhala kunja kwa khola, ndipo mbalame zimatulutsa mitu yawo. Izi ndizofunikira choyamba kupulumutsa chakudya, osati chotsiriza kuti chikhale choyera m'zinyumba ndi m'nyumba. Ngati muyika odyetserawo mkati mwa khola, zinziri, monga zambiri za nkhuku, zimakwera ndi “patebulo” ndipo chakudya chonse chimawuluka mosiyanasiyana, pansi pa khola ndi pansi pa chipindacho, kuphatikiza.
Zinziri zimadyetsedwa kawiri, katatu patsiku, makamaka nthawi imodzi, kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chomwe amadya chimatha patangotha mphindi makumi atatu chikangogawidwa. Tsiku la zinziri limodzi ndi lokwanira 25-30g. wolimba. Zinziri zochulukirapo zimanyamula bwino!
Kudyetsa kokhazikika pazoyala nkhuku kumakhala koyenera ngati chakudya cha zinziri; Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakupanga zinziri, koma ngati mulibe mwayi wodyetsa zinzirizo ndi chakudya chamagulu - zilibe kanthu. Ndi mbalame yodabwitsa kwambiri. Itha kudyetsedwa ndi mitundu yonse yazakudya za tirigu kapena mbewu yophwanyika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa nkhuku. Quail amakonda kudulidwa amadyera a dandelion, nettle, yarrow, nkhaka udzu, Yerusalemu artichoke. Ndibwino kwambiri ngati nthawi yachisanu mugawana nawo letesi wamkulu mkati, anyezi wobiriwira, tirigu wophukira.
Mbama zimakonda kudya zoyera kuchokera ku beets, nkhaka, maungu, zukini, kaloti, kabichi, mbewu zosapsa za mpendadzuwa. Mutha kupatsa mbatata zophika ndi vermicelli. Mutha kuwowetsa mahatchiwo msuzi.Onetsetsani kuti mwawonjezera nsomba ndi mafupa, kapena nsomba, pakudya kwa mbalame. Mutha kungosintha nsomba zosaphika kapena zophika mu chopukusira nyama ndikusakaniza zamkati izi mu chakudya.
Poyenera kudya kwa mbalame, m'malo odyetsa ena, payenera kukhala miyala ing'onoing'ono, kapena mchenga wowuma, mbalame zimafunikira pakuchita bwino kwa m'mimba.
Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ma proxx monga Ryabushka, Dzu, ndi zina zambiri, ku zosakaniza zamankhwala, zina zowonjezera mchere: choko, mazira, laimu.
Quail imayenda bwino ndi mapuloteni amoyo, nsikidzi - akangaude, ndipo makamaka nyondzo, awa ndi tchuthi kwa iwo! M'nthawi yachilimwe, pamene nkhono ndi ma slog ambiri amabowedwa m'munda ndi zipatso, atha kukhala chakudya chabwino cha zinziri. Poterepa, tizirombo ta m'munda timakhala othandiza, timatoleredwa mbalame.
Komanso, mbalame zimakonda kudya tchizi tchizi, mazira owiritsa, yogati komanso chimanga chophwanyika. Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kuwonjezera madontho ochepa amafuta a nsomba mumadyetsowo.
Sizoletsedwa kupereka zinziri za zinziri za phwetekere, mbatata, mkaka, phala, udzu winawake, zipatso zamkati ndi zipatso zamkati, zipatso zonse za agulugufe, tansy, sorelo, chimanga cha buwheat ndi amadyera, mbewu za rye, ndi lupins.
Ubwino wodyetsa utha kuweruzidwa ndi mphamvu ya mazira ndi mkhola wa mbalame. Odziwika mwabwinobwino osasinthika amtundu, wakuda ndi utoto woyera wa uric acid. Maonekedwe amadzimadzi amtundu wakuda wobiriwira kapena okhala ndi magazi amawonetsa matenda a mbalame. Madontho achikasu ndi chizindikiro cha chakudya chopatsa mphamvu. Ndi matenda am'mimba, ndikofunikira kupereka oatmeal kapena msuzi wa mpunga m'malo mwa madzi.
Madzi mu mbalame ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, ndipo amawiritsa nthawi zonse, kutentha.
Ngakhale zinziri zimagwirizana ndi matenda, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa sizitha katemera, osalandira katemera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zogulitsa zanu zimakhala zachilengedwe, nthawi zina zinziri zimafunika kupewa pang'ono. Kuti muchite izi, m'malo mwa madzi, mutha kuthira njira yofooka ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate), kapena kusungunuka mu kapu ya madzi owiritsa piritsi limodzi la levomycetin, ndikuwusefa, ndikutsanulira izi kwa akumwa. (Kuti muchite zochizira, sinthani 1: 2).
KULIMBIKITSA, KULIMA NDI KUKULA KWA ACHINYAMATA.
Mukugwira ntchito zochulukitsa zinziri zamtchire, mbalameyi idathereratu chibadwa chamtchire. Ndipo kuti tipeze kukula kwa zinziri muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma incubators.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe othandizira, komabe ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma incubator omwe ali ndi chiwonetsero cha dzira basi kapena chosankha chokha. Chofungatira chosavuta kwambiri chitha kupangidwa mosavuta kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zingatheke, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa bokosi wamba. Kuti muchite izi, mu bokosilo, muyenera kuyika mtundu wina wa zinthu zofewa, mutha kuyeretsa nsanza, kuyika mazira a zinziri, zosaposa ma 20. Iwo ali ndi kutentha kwawoko kwa iwo, ndikutsitsa nyali wamba yamagetsi ndi nyali yoyaka pamwamba pa waya. Mwa kusintha kutalika kwa nyali, muyenera kupeza chowerengera matenthedwe pakati pa 37.5 - 38,5 º C. Pafupi ndi mazira omwe ali m'bokosi muyenera kuyika soso wamba ndi madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mumakhala msuzi nthawi zonse. Mazira amafunika kusinthidwa katatu patsiku. Koma uku ndikotengera komwe kumayambitsa moto. Samalani!
Mazira okhathamira osankhika amasankhidwa kuti azitsekereza, osadutsa masiku 7 mutagona, mwa mawonekedwe olondola, osalemera 9 - 11 g. ndi kuyiyika iyo chofungatira. Mazira makamaka kukula kwake. Kutentha kwa makulitsidwe ndi 37,5 - 38,5 º C. Chinyezi 65 - 75%. Kutalika kwa mazira a zinziri ndi masiku 17. Mapeto ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ochezeka, amathera maola asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo poti mwana woyamba waswedwa.
Onetsetsani kuti mukuikiratu ukonde wonama (udzudzu) pansi pa chofungatira, kuti mukatchingira, anapiyewo asagwere mumtsinje wamadzi. Atamaliza, anapiyewo amaikidwa m'bokosi lalitali, ndipo kumtunda kumatsekeka ndi mauna achitsulo, kumapereka kutentha kwa 35 - 38º C, ndipo amasungidwa mkati mwa malire mpaka milungu iwiri, ndiye kuti kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa sabata lachinayi. Kutentha m'bokosi kungasinthidwe mwa kukweza, ndikutsitsa nyali yamagetsi m'bokosi.Mwakutero, zinzirizi ndizomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndi zabwino kwa iwo, ngati ziunjikana ndikufinya mosalekeza, zikutanthauza kuti kuzizira, ndipo akufunika kuwonjezera kutentha potsitsa nyali pafupi pansi pa bokosi, ngati osiyanapo, amaimirira okha m'bokosilo ndikutseguka milomo, kapena kugona pansi mozungulira m'bokosi, muyenera kukweza nyali pang'ono.
Atasamala, anapiye ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito, ndipo atatha maola atatu amatha kudumpha pazovuta zina 20 cm, ngakhale kuti kutalika kwake kumangokhala 6-8 g. Chingwe chimawoneka ngati ma bumblebe akuluakulu, okhala ndi mtundu wofiirira komanso mikwingwirima iwiri yotsalira kumbuyo. Ali ndi chizolowezi chobisala pakona kapena pagawo lililonse kapena dzenje, ndipo amatha kufa, samalani kwambiri!
Mafinya kuyambira maola angapo atadulidwa amatha kudya pawokha. Chifukwa chakukula kwawo msanga komanso chitukuko, amafunika kudya kwamapuloteni, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Kudyetsa masiku oyambilira a 2-3 kumakhala ndi mazira osenda owiritsa, omwe amayenera kuthiridwa mu chokwanira mokwanira komanso osati wamtali wamtali. Kuyambira tsiku lachitatu mungathe kusakaniza kanyumba tchizi ndi crusher ya chimanga, ngakhale chakudya chosakaniza bwino cha nkhuku. Pakutha sabata yoyamba, mutha kuyamba kupatsa amadyera. Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri mutha kusamukira ku chakudya cha "nkhuku" chimodzi. Ndipo kuyambira milungu itatu mpaka inayi mutha kudyetsa ngati mbalame zachikulire
Kukula zinziri mwachangu kwambiri. M'miyezi iwiri yokha amachulukitsa kuchulukitsa 20. Nkhuku munthawi imodzimodziyo zimachulukitsa kulemera kwake kokha nthawi 14. Izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu, ndipo, motero, kagayidwe kakakulu mu zinziri.
Ndikofunika kwambiri m'masiku oyamba kuti cholinga cha matenda kupewa kumwa zinziri njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, kapena chloramphenicol, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Zomwera zothira m'milungu iwiri yoyambirira zizingogwiritsa ntchito utupu (monga mbalame wamba zamkati), mwa zinziri zimangomira! Madzi ayenera kuwiritsa ndi kutentha pamwamba pa kutentha kwa m'chipinda.
M'masiku 14 oyamba amoyo, kuunikira kwa wotchiyo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba, kenako, kupita ku masiku a masiku 45, nthawi ya masana masana imachepetsedwa mpaka maola 17.
Pakupita milungu itatu, zinzirizo ziyenera kugawidwa ndi kugonana kuti zizigawanidwanso, pofika nthawi imeneyi zimatha kusiyanitsa kale. Amuna, khosi ndi chifuwa zimakhala ndi maonekedwe akuda kwambiri okhala ndi madontho akuda; mwa akazi, zofunikira zambiri pachifuwa zimakhala ndi imvi yopepuka ndi madontho akuda akuda. (Mwambiri, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, izi zimangobwera ndi chidziwitso).
Amuna amakula msinkhu wokwanira masabata 8, ndipo atakwanitsa zaka 35 mpaka 40 atha kutha msinkhu. Akazi amakula motalikirapo ndikufikirira kulemera kwa 130 - 135 g pakatha milungu 9. Amuna onse owonjezera amawaika m'malo osungirako.
KOPA, KONSEZA ZA ZINSINSI ZOTHANDIZA.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kulemba gawo ili, koma nthawi ikakwana ndipo ndikofunikira kukonzekera mbalame yoti iphedwe. Komabe, zinziri kwa ife, osati mosemphanitsa ...
Pofuna kunenepa, azilimbira ali ndi zaka 20-30, agawidwa ndi zogonana. Amuna onse okhathamira ndi achikazi ocheperako amasamutsidwa ku gulu lonenepa. Kwa kunenepa kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito magulu apadera a nyama zazing'ono, monga lamulo, malangizo akuwolokera. Pa nthawi yanenepa, amuna ndi akazi amaziyika mumakola osiyanasiyana. Zozizira 30 mpaka 40 zimayikidwa mu khola lirilonse, dera la khola pamutu uliwonse
8,5 cm2.
Fattening imachitika mzipinda ndi kutentha kwa 20-24 ° C. Njira yowunikira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonza kwa mbalame za anthu akuluakulu. Kuwalitsa ndikosafunikira, kuli bwino kumachititsa khungu maselo. Madzulo amuna samalimbana, musunthire pang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amawononga mphamvu zochepa ndikuwononga zakudya zambiri.
Miphika imadyetsedwa katatu patsiku zotsatsa libitum. M'mawa ndi madzulo amadyetsa osakaniza obiriwira (nettle, chimanga, mapira) ndi kuwonjezera kwa 5% chakudya chamafuta (mafuta aukadaulo kapena fuse).
Kutalika kwa kunenepa kumadziwika makamaka ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa zinziri, zomwe zimatha tsiku la 56.Amuna owonjezera nyama amathanso kuphedwa ali ndi zaka 56 - 63. Akazi amaphera nyama kumapeto kwa nthawi yolimba kwambiri - nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa miyezi 11 mpaka 12, mbalame ikafika kulemera pafupifupi 120-140g.
Asanaphedwe, zinziri zimasungidwa popanda chakudya kwa maola osachepera 4-6. Munthawi imeneyi, perekani mbalame zopanda madzi.
Kupha nyama kumachitika m'malo opangira zida zapadera. Mutu umadulidwa ndi chipewa chaching'ono, kapena mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri. Magalasi amwazi atakhazikika, ndikuyenda kumapiko ndi mbali ina yoyamba kudula ndi lumo lalikulu, mtembo umachotsedwa ndi khosi kutali ndi inu, pamimba. Zala zamanja onse zili pamimba, ndipo zala zotsala kuchokera pansi zimagwira kumbuyo. Ndi kusuntha kwamanthu akunyumba mosiyanasiyana, khungu pamimba limaphulika, kenako limachotsedwa ngati masheya. Kenako pakumenyedwa kwa mtembo (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chala chanu). Ndi luso linalake, njira yonse yakuphera ndikudulira kumatumbo sikupitilira masekondi 15-20.
CULINARY AMALANDIRA KU MALO NDI MALO OGWIRITSIRA.
Kuyambira kale, mbale zochokera ku zinziri za nyama zinapangidwa ku Russia. Pali maphikidwe osiyanasiyana m'mabuku akale achi Russia. Pazakudya izi, nyama ya zinziri zamtchire, zomwe zimasakidwa, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Tsopano pofuna izi, nyama ya zinziri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakadali pano, nyama zinziri ndi mazira monga zakudya zamagulu azakudya zimapangidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo athu, ku Russia.
Kuchokera ku zinziri za zinziri, mutha kuphika mbale zonse zomwe zakonzedwa kuchokera ku nyama ya mbalame iliyonse (mwachitsanzo, nkhuku). Koma pali maphikidwe ambiri ophikira zakudya kuchokera ku zinziri za nyama zinziri (zoperekedwa, mwina, kuchuluka kwa zakudya za zinziri komanso kukula kochepa kwa zinzirizozo).
Quail ndi zonunkhira pa grill - mu purosesa ya chakudya, 1 clove wa adyo, mchere, supuni 1 ya chitowe ndi koriori, anyezi 0,5 yaying'ono, 1 tbsp. ndi spoonful wa akanadulidwa akanadulira, ndi uzitsine wa nthaka cayenne capicum, 2 tbsp. supuni ya mafuta azitona. Kufalitsa mitembo yambiri ya zinziri. Phimbani ndikulola kuyima kwa maola awiri. Kuphika mu grill, kutembenukira mobwerezabwereza, kwa mphindi 10-15, mpaka zinziri zikonzeka ndi kuphimbidwa ndi khirisipi.
Tumikirani masamba a mphesa, ndi masamba a parsley ndi mandimu. M'malo mopera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni.
Mafuta m'mafuta akuya - tsukani mitembo ndi mchere. Ikani mitemboyo mu chiwaya ndi mafuta otentha (batala kapena ghee ndi margarine) kuti yokutiliridwe ndi mafuta, tsekani poto ndi chivindikiro ndikubweretsa. Kenako ikani poto mu uvuni pa sing'anga, kenako pamoto wotsika kwa mphindi 50-60. Kuti adziwe kukonzekera nyama iyenera kutengedwa ndi mwendo, uyenera kupatukana ndi mtembo. Musanagwiritse ntchito, mwachangu mu poto yokazinga magawo a mkate wakuda mu mafuta, momwe zinziri zinziri. Ikani mkate wokazinga ku mbale, ikani nyama yokonzedwa pachidutswa chilichonse cha mkate, azikongoletsa ndi mafuta ndipo tumizani motentha.
Mafinya wowawasa zonona ndi tchizi dumplings - Mchere, wopaka m'matumbo komanso wosambitsidwa bwino ndi zinziri mchere komanso mwachangu mu poto m'mafuta, wokhala ndi utoto mbali zonse. Ikani mu msuzi, kutsanulira msuzi ndi kuwotcha pamoto wochepa mpaka kuphika. Thirani ufa mu poto, onjezerani ufa, mchere, sakanizani bwino ndi mafuta otsala kuchokera pakuwotcha, tsanulira makapu awiri a msuzi, wiritsani osakaniza mpaka wandiweyani, sakanizani ndi kirimu wowawasa, onjezerani mchere kuti mulawe ndikuthira zinzirizo zinzake ndi msuzi. Pitilizani kukhala otentha mpaka kuwira. Tumikirani dumplings tchizi mbali mbale.
Mawondo ophika: pogaya yolks, kusakaniza ndi tchizi yophika ndi semolina, mchere, siyani maola 2-3. Kenako sakanizani ndi mapuloteni omwe adakwapulidwa ndikuyika thaulo lonyowa, ndikupatsa misayo ngati mawonekedwe odzigulitsira. Kukulani zolimba mu chopukutira, kumangiriza malekezero ake ndipo, mutakonza m'mphepete ndi ulusi, ikani mpukutuwo m'madzi otentha amchere.Mpukutuwo ukutuluka, uchotse mosamala ndikufutukutani chopukutira. Dulani mpukutuwo kukhala zidutswa zozungulira, konzani mozungulira mbale zinzirizo ndikutsanulira pamsuzi.
Quail ndi mphesa - Preheat uvuni kukhala kutentha kwa 190ºº. Tenthetsani mafutawo mu poto wolemera wa ceramic mokwanira kuti mukwaniritse zinzirizo zonse m'chigawo chimodzi. Ikani anyezi ndi kaloti mu msuzi ndikuwotcha moto kwa mphindi 4-5. Tsabola ndi mchere zinziri kunja ndi mkati, ikani chidutswa cha nyama yankhumba ndi kuvala ndi ulusi. Ikani zinziri pamasamba ndi kuphika mu uvuni kwa mphindi 30.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matope komanso pestle nthawi yomweyo, pukuta peppercorns ndi adyo, kenako onjezani theka la mphesa, nutmeg, vinyo ndi burande. Thirani zinziri ndi chisakanizo ndikuchiwotcha moto kwa mphindi 30, ndikuthira zipatso zake nthawi ndi nthawi. Onjezani mphesa zotsalazo, kenako tsanulirani zonenepa mu saucepan. Ikani zinziri pamalo otentha. Wiritsani madzi mpaka unakhuthala, ndiye mchere ndi tsabola kuti mulawe. Tumizani zinziri, nyama, masamba ndi mphesa ku mbale yofutira ndi kutsanulira msuzi.
Zinziri zokazinga - mchere ndi kutsuka mitembo yokazinga mu poto yakuya. Phimbani ndi malo uvuni. Kutentha kochepa, zinzirizo zidzakhala zokonzeka mumphindi 40 - 50. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi. Kukongoletsa mbale ndi mazira zinziri-owira.
Quail yophika dzungu - Sambani dzungu kucha ndikudula pamwamba pake. Osataya mbali yomwe yadulidwa. Chotsani mbewu ndi gawo la zamkati kuchokera pa dzungu ndi supuni kuti mukwaniritse kudzazidwa. Dulani zinziri zokonzedwa kukhala theka, mchere ndi mwachangu mu batala wothira mpaka
mapangidwe kutumphuka (2-3 mphindi). Mwachangu anyezi wogawana mu batala mpaka golide. Zipatso za mundawu zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, zatsopano komanso zouma. Dulani zipatso zatsopano m'magawo, zouma, zouma bwino, zilowerereni mpaka madzi.
Mu dzungu lokonzedweratu, woyamba tengani mpunga wophika osakaniza ndi anyezi wokazinga, kenako nyama yokazinga, ikani zipatsozo, onjezerani chidutswa cha batala. Tsekani dzungu ndi odulidwa pamwamba, lilimbikitsani ndi mabowo owonda. Pakani dzungu ndi mafuta ndi kuphika mu uvuni wambiri. Nthawi yophika - maola 2-3. Ikani dzungu lomalizira pa mbale, kongoletsani ndi zitsamba, azitona.
Ndikwabwino kudula dzungu mwachindunji pa tebulo lodyeramo m'madengu kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pa ntchito iliyonse, ikani kagawo ka dzungu, theka la zinziri, mpunga ndi zipatso.
Quail yokazinga mu poto - mitembo yotsuka m'mimba, kumenyedwa, miyendo yolumikizira matumba. Mchere, kabati ndi adyo, mafuta ophika wowawasa zonona ndi mwachangu mu poto mpaka golide wonyezimira. Monga mbale yakumbuyo pitani saladi wobiriwira ndi msuzi wa zonunkhira.
Quail yophika ndi biringanya - Sambani ma biringanya, dulani nsonga kuchokera kumbali ya tsinde (pafupi naye), chotsani pakati ndi notch kuti akhalebe mainchesi 1 cm. Kuikonza ndi kutsuka zinziri za zinziri ndi mchere, kuwaza ndi tsabola ndikuyika zinziri 1 mu biringanya. Kenako ikani biringanya papepala lophika ndi nsonga zodulidwa, kuphimba theka lililonse ndi phwetekere ndikuthira mafuta. Kuphika mu uvuni wapakatikati. Tumikirani otentha ndi saladi wakusankha kwanu.
Mafinya mkaka - sambani mitembo ndi mchere pang'ono. Thirani mkaka wotentha ndikuphika pamoto wochepa mpaka kuphika. Mbaleyi imalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
Quail ndi msuzi wa phwetekere - Mitembo yamatumbo a zinziri, muzimutsuka, mchere, tsabola. Mwachangu mu mafuta mpaka browned mbali zonse. Kenako idyani chakudya, mwachangu anyezi osankhidwa mu mafuta otsala. Onjezani Tomato, wotseka ndi wosemedwedwa. Pamene msuzi wa phwetekere watuluka, onjezani madzi otentha ndikuyika zinziri mu msuzi. Phimbani bwino ndi poto ndi chivindikiro ndi kutentha pang'ono.Chotsani zinziri zomalizidwa, kudula pachifuwacho m'magawo awiri ndikutulutsa ndi msuzi, ndikuwonjezera batala ndi mafuta pamenepo.
Saladi "Mtchi wa Russia". Dulani zigawo zoonda za zinziri zophika, nkhuku kapena chidutswa chilichonse cha nyama, chokoleti chatsopano kapena nkhaka zatsopano, apulo woboola, mbatata yophika ndi mazira owira owira. Sakanizani, nyengo ndi kirimu wowawasa kapena mayonesi, mchere kuti mulawe, mutha kuwonjezera mandimu kapena viniga, kuwaza mopepuka ndi icing shuga. Kuti mukongoletse, pangani "bowa" kuchokera ku mazira otentha zinziri ndi zigawo za apulo ndi khungu lofiirira, ndodo pakati pa zitsamba za parsley kapena katsabola.
Raw Chitala Steak ndi mazira zinziri - Dulani chopondera madzi m'mundamo, kuchapa, pukuta pa sieve ndikuyika mbale zinayi zam'mawa.
Kuchokera nyama yaiwisi yaiwisi yomwe yadutsa mu chopukusira nyama, ikani ma cutlet 4 ofanana ndikuwayika pamasamba osungira madzi. Finyani chilichonse chopaka ndi tsabola.
Sambani, pukuta, peulani ndikudula radayi kukhala theka. Sungani mazira zinziri ndi kuzidula pakati. Konzani zodzala ndi ma halves a dzira pama mbale ozungulira makaba. Sesame mwachangu, kuyambitsa poto wowuma, mpaka mbewuzo zimayamba kuluma ndikutulutsa fungo labwino. Finyani nyama ndi nthangala za sesame. Tumikirani padera: mgaya kapena mumbale wamchere wokhala ndi mabowo.
Mazira a quail amathanso kudyedwa, komanso mazira a nkhuku iliyonse - yaiwisi, yophika kapena yokazinga. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pophika ntchito kupanga ma omeleta, mazira opaka ndi mayonesi.
Mazira a Quail amakondedwa ndi ana ndipo amawadya mwakufuna kwawo. Ana amakopeka ndi mtundu wachilendo wa chipolopolo ndi kulemera kowala. Amawoneka bwino kwambiri ndi zikondwerero zamtundu wa Isitara.
Raw dzira chakumwa. Tengani mazira a zinziri 4-5, kumenya ndi chosakanizira mugalasi, kuwonjezera madzi a zipatso, vinyo wofiira kapena khofi, onjezani uchi kapena shuga kuti mulawe. Chakumwa chopatsa thanzi ichi chimatha kumwa tsiku lililonse.
Mazira okazinga ozizira. Finyani mazira mmodzimmodzi mu poto wosenda wamafuta, mwachangu pamoto wochepa, kuwaza ndi mchere ndi anyezi wosakanizidwa ndi tsabola. Tumikirani ndi mbatata yokazinga kapena saladi.
Mazira okazinga. Mazira owiritsa kwambiri, peel, chotsani filimuyo. Menyani mazira awiri aiwisi panjira. Mazira otsetsereka a Moisten akukwapulidwa, yokulungira mu mkate wamkati ndi mwachangu mu mafuta otentha. Tenga supuni yotsekedwa pa sieve, igonere pansi, yokongoletsa ndi parsley.
Omelette. Kumenya mazira a zinziri 12 mpaka 15 ndi mkaka (3/4 chikho), uzipereka mchere, anyezi wosakanizidwa, ndipo ngati mukufuna, nawonso soseji kapena nyama ina yodulidwa. Sungunulani supuni imodzi ya mafuta mu poto, kutsanulira osakaniza okonzedwayo, ulole kuti utuluke pamoto wochepa kapena mu uvuni. Tumikirani otentha.
Masangweji okhala ndi mazira a zinziri. Fotokozerani nyama zowonda kapena zoyera ndi batala, ndikuwaphimba ndi utoto wa mchere wosadulidwa, ikani mazira anziri odulidwa pakati ndi kuwaza ndi amadyera ndi anyezi osenda bwino.
Saladi ya mazira a Quail. Mazira a zinziri 12-15, 100 g ya soseji, ham kapena nsomba yosuta, supuni 1 yosenda, kapu imodzi 1 ya nandolo zobiriwira, mbatata ziwiri, 200 g wowawasa kirimu kapena mayonesi, supuni 1 ya msuzi wotentha, mchere, katsabola, masamba a parsley. Dulani zinthuzo kukhala ma cubes ang'onoang'ono, sakanizani ndi kirimu wowawasa kapena mayonesi, onjezerani zokometsera kuti mulawe. Finyani saladiyo pamwambapa ndi zitsamba zosenda bwino ndi tchizi.
Mazira a Quail okhala ndi mpunga kapena mbatata yosenda. Ikani yophika, yophika mpunga kapena mbatata yosenda pa mbale mu mawonekedwe a bwalo, ikani mazira ophika wopanda chipolopolo pakati. Tumikirani ndi msuzi wowawasa wowawasa ndi saladi wa phwetekere.
Mazira a Quail okhala ndi caviar. Wiritsani mazira, peel ndikudula mulitali m'magawo awiri. Ikani wakuda kapena wofiira caviar pa yolk, zokongoletsa ndi zitsamba ndikutumikira.
Kubzala zinziri ndizosangalatsa komanso bizinesi yabwino.Mazira, komanso mazira a zinziri, ali ndi mwayi womveka kuposa nkhuku zina. Yesani kutsimikizira izi nokha ndipo simudzanong'oneza bondo!
California
Izi zakumwa ndi malo omwe ambiri amakonda mbalame zokongoletsera.
Zinziri zokongoletsera zokha, zapakhomo ku USA. Ili ndi crest yayitali, yopezeka awiriawiri, osati yogulitsa mafakitale. Sipangakhale chofunikira kubzala pa dzira lokhazikika ndipo makamaka nyama, komabe, akuCalifornian akhoza kulonjeza kuti adzagulitsa nyama zazing'ono. Ndizosowa kwambiri ku Russia, zimapezeka pazowonetsera zazikulu zokha.
Ndipo tidzapitiliza kukambirana za mbali zonse za mitundu yonse.
Zinthu zake
Zomwe zimakopa zinziri ndizotheka pazomwe zili mu malo ochepa. Mu khola la 1000x500 cm, mpaka mbalame 50 zimakhala mwangwiro. Popeza kuti ndizotheka kukonzekeretsa kapangidwe kake kosungika mpaka masitepe 8, pa lalikulu limodzi. mutha kukula anthu 800. Ponena za nyama, izi zimalemerera makilogalamu 160!
Bizinesi imatembenuka mwachangu, chifukwa cha kusasitsa msanga, chiyambi cha ovipositor chikugwera tsiku la 40-50th la moyo. Ndipo zinzirizi zimafika pambiri yoyenera kuphedwa ndi miyezi inayi. Chifukwa chake, asanagulitse nyama kuchokera kumizu imodzi, woweta nkhuku amalandira mazira pafupifupi 60.
Kubalana komanso thanzi
Apa zinziri zili ndi kudabwitsanso kwinanso: mosiyana ndi nkhuku, kuwaswa sikuchitika tsiku la 21, koma pa 16. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi sabata limapulumutsidwa. Amphakawo amakhala opirira kwambiri kuposa nkhuku zina zonse, safunikira kugulitsidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira, chifukwa, kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'ono kumafika 95-98%.
Pafupifupi, mazira a dzira limodzi ophatikiza ndi matumba amphaka pafupifupi 80% (m'maberekedwe a broiler amakhala otsika kwambiri, 50-60%), ndipo mazira ena awiri amapaka mazira awiri mowirikiza kuposa mazira a nkhuku. Izi zimathandizira kubzala zinziri kunyumba ndipo zimathandizira kuti ngakhale alimi akuluakulu agwiritse ntchito zotsika mtengo nyumba.
Chidule
Ndi zabwino zonse za bizinesi ya zinziri, malowa akadali achichepere. Chachikulu chachikulu ndi vuto la malonda.
Wogulitsayo amayang'ana modzitembo mitembo yotsimikizira kuti, "Ndipo nanga nkhunda zanu ndizochepa motani?" ndipo "Inde, palibe, mafupa okha!"
Chifukwa chake, aliyense amene akufuna kuchita mwanjira yabwino ndi zomwe zinziri ziyenera kulengeza osati zake zokha, komanso malonda omwe. Komabe, zoyesayesa izi ndizoyenera, chifukwa kasitomala wokhazikika ndiye chitsimikizo chodalirika cha ntchito yanu.