Ku China, BYD ndi Environmental Sanitation Engineering Gulu likukhazikitsa ntchito yolumikizira kuti chilengedwe chizikhala bwino. Adakhazikitsa mzere wamatayala amagetsi amagetsi. Adawonetsedwa pamwambowu. Mtsogolo, zakonzedwa kuti zisinthane pafupifupi theka la magalimoto a kampani yoyeretsa mzindawo. Zotsatira zake, pakutha kwa chaka chamawa, magulu azida zamakina zinyalala ayenera kukhala ndi mitundu yamagetsi yokha. Zoteteza chilengedwe
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- kuyeretsa mpweya
- kukonza m'misewu ya mzindawo,
- mayendedwe a zinyalala zanyumba,
- kuthirira malo obiriwira.
Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndikusintha maonekedwe a megacities.
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Ponena za makina atsopano amagetsi azonyamula zinyalala, kusesa, kutsirira kapinga, samangopulumutsa zinthu zokha, komanso amagwira ntchito bwino ndikupanga phokoso laling'ono. Magalimoto amayendetsa mabatani ndi ma batri apadera, omwe amachepetsa mpweya woipa wa mlengalenga. Zipangizozi ndizosavuta kuzikonzanso, ndipo mtengo wawo ndikokwanira kuthamanga kwakutali. Beijing, monga mizinda ina ku China, imangopindula ngati itagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakira zinyalala ndi zida zina zapadera pamagetsi.
Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi ya KAMAZ: chidziwitso choyamba
Mukukumbukira, si kale kwambiri komwe ine ndimayenda pa bus yotseka ya KAMAZ? Koma likukhalira kuti mainjiniya a chomera cha Kama mtsogolomo akufuna kuti azikhala ndi magetsi okha. Pamsonkano wa kampani ya RG-Techno, kuphatikiza pa makina wamba azomwe timakambirana, polojekiti yamoto yamagetsi ya KAMAZ idaperekedwa.
Mwambiri, lingaliro losintha galimoto yamatayala kukhala chinthu chamagetsi ndizomveka. Njira yake imanenedweratu ndi kulondola kwamamita angapo, kotero ndikosavuta kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa malo osungira magetsi omwe amafunikira. Kutengera ndi deta iyi, mutha kusankha mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mabatire, komanso kudziwa komwe malo opangira amalipira.
KAMAZ hybrid chassis pulojekiti yopanga zinyalala
Pali zosankha zitatu zamagalimoto zamagetsi zamagetsi pakukonzekera KAMAZ. Monga tikuwonera m'mafanizo athu, onse adzakhala ndi chipinda chatsopano cha Mercedes.
Ndipo yoyamba ndi haibridi. Injini yayikulu mkati mwake ndi injini yamafuta a 300-farpower Cummins, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi injini yamagetsi ya Bosch yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 120 kW (163 hp).
Amayesedwa kuti m'misewu wamba ngati wosakanikirana umayenda pamzere wa dizilo, ndipo polowa m'bwalomo, umasinthira kumagetsi.
Kuchokera pagalimoto yamagetsi kuti magawo onse omwe akwezedwa aziyendetsedwa, kuti ntchito yayikulu yamaloli zinyalala itha kuchitika ngati sichiri chete, ndiye chete.
Galimoto yamagalimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yowonjezera
Lingaliro lachiwiri ndi galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yokhala ndi mileage extender. Injini yayikulu ya gawoli, m'malo mwake, ndi magetsi, okhala ndi mphamvu ya 250 kW. Tilibe deta yeniyeni pa betri, koma zimadziwika kuti zimatsimikizira 70 km ma mileage yamagetsi. Komabe, izi sizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa injini yaying'ono ya dizilo yotha 45 kW imatha kupereka betri kuti ipange, mwakutero ikukulira mileage.
Pali yachitatu, yamagetsi yokwanira, pulojekiti (mu chithunzi chithunzi). Amaganiza kuti galimoto zamatope zotere zimakhala ndi mota yamagetsi yama 250 kW.
Gawo lotsimikiziridwa ndi makilomita 100, ndipo okwera (mwachidziwikire zokwawa komanso zamagetsi owonjezera) akufikira pa 180 km.
Kuchuluka kwa batri sikunanenedwebe, zimangodziwika kuti kuchokera pa neti ya 380 V akhoza kuthandizidwa kwathunthu maola atatu.
Kuwerengetsa kumawonetsera phindu logwiritsa ntchito matilesi amagetsi amagetsi
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ntchito zanu ndizabwino. Alonjeza kuwonetsa chimodzi mwa makina awa pakugwa pa chiwonetsero cha Comtrans. Mwa njira, molingana ndi kuwerengera kwa omwe akutukula, kuyimitsa galimoto yamatayala amdima wamba ndi analogue yamagetsi pamanjira inayake kumachepetsa mtengo ndi 2.65 nthawi. Umu ndi momwe masamu.
Kumbuyo kulayisha zinyalala zamagalimoto
Kodi zinyalala zimadutsa pakati pa chidebe cha nyumbayo ndi kapeti? Pali magawo ambiri, mawu ofunikira omwe angatanthauze njira yayitali motere ndi mayendedwe. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana zinthu ngati magalimoto zinyalala, makamaka, kuwongolera matolo zinyalala.
Galimoto yonyamula zinyalala nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mayendedwe omwe amayendetsedwa kuti azichotsa zinyalala zikuluzikulu za m'mizinda. Kodi sizikumveka bwino? Pali mayina ena ambiri ophatikizika, koma mawu awa okha ndi omwe adutsa kuyesa kwa nthawi. Inde, ndipo mwachidule.
Chifukwa chake, magalimoto am zinyalala amayendetsa zinyalala. Nthawi yomweyo, phindu ndi phindu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yonyamula zinyalala zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi lake. Ndiye kuti, zinyalala zambiri zimalowa, ndibwino. Pochita izi, izi zimachitika motere: m'chigawo chachiwiri cha zaka za zana la 20, pafupifupi magalimoto onse ochita zinyalala omwe amapangidwa ku Soviet Union amachokera pamayendedwe amalonda a GAZ-93 ndi ZIS-150.
Kugwiritsira ntchito matayala ang'onoang'ono a zinyalala sikunali kopanda phindu komanso kudula mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto zinyalala zochokera pamagalimoto akupangidwadi - ZIL, MAZ, KamAZ.
Vidiyo yotsatirayi ikuwonetsa momwe galimoto yonyamula katundu yakumbuyo imagwirira ntchito pamsewu wa KAMAZ:
Chipangizo ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito kaimitsira katundu pazonyamula zinyalala
Kapangidwe kazonyamula katundu wamatayala omwe ali ndi mtundu wakumbuyo sikovuta. Kutsindika kwa ntchito yamanja ndikusowa kwa magalimoto oyendetsa zovuta kupanga kumapangitsa kuti makina otere azikhala osazindikira komanso azikhala olimba kuposa othandizira.
Kapangidwe ka mitengo yonyamula matayala sinasinthebe pakapita nthawi. Kusintha kwamakono kunasindikizidwa m'njira zomata, zotumiza pagalimoto. Kusintha kwake kudakhudza kuchuluka kwa komwe kumatsitsa hopper ndi thupi.
Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kazinthu zam'mbuyo zotsalira zinyalala zikuwoneka ngati izi. Wogwira ntchitoyo (kapena antchito angapo) amaika zinyalala mkati mwa zojambulira, zomwe zili kumapeto kwa thupi.
Pambuyo podzaza kwathunthu kapena pang'ono, chosindikizira (mwa mawonekedwe akukankha) chimaphatikiza zinyalala ndikuyiyika mthupi.
Kukhalapo kwa limagwirira kotereku kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito danga la thupi mokwanira ndikukwanira bwino kwambiri.
Kuzungulira kwa kompakitala m'galimoto zamatayala za zitsanzo za 50s kumakhala kwangozi. Kuyendetsa kwa hydraulic kumapereka kugundika kwa mbale. Magalimoto amakono otaikira nawonso amagwira ntchito, kwakukulu, pamakina ama hydraulic, koma zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakulolani kuti mukhale, ngati zida zomatula zomangamanga zokha, komanso chida chofanizira.
Mu kanema wotsatira, galimoto ya zinyalala ya MAZ ikuphatikiza kumbuyo:
Kutsitsa zinyalala pa mtundu wa "galimoto yonyalala" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Matigari ambiri am zinyalala ali ndi makina otumiza okha. Tsopano ndikuyendetsa ma hydraulic komwe kumakweza kutsogolo kwa thupi kutaya zinyalala.
Khoma lakumbuyo mukakweza thupi likutseguka. Kuyeserera kwakuthupi sikofunikira pakutsitsa katundu wa zinyalala, amene, mwadzidzidzi, sanganenedwe pakubweza.
Zikuwoneka kuti nthawi yakukweza katundu wamatayala yadutsa. Koma ayi, ku Russia amapangabe zida za gululi. Chifukwa chiyani? Kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wamatayala panjanji kumawonongetsa ndalama zambiri.
Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala opangidwa ndi makina ndiovuta kwambiri kuyendetsa ntchito, okwera mtengo komanso osakhala olimba. Chifukwa chake, lero mutha kugula galimoto yonyamula zinyalala ndikuyika pamanja - nthawi zina izi zikhala zomveka.
Kanema - omwe magalimoto am zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe:
Ma telematikitima m'matola zinyalala
Njira yolondola, magalimoto am zinyalala!
Kusuntha kwa elema ndi kutumiza kwa makina pakanthawi kantchito, makina ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani omwe akutenga nawo zinyalala, chifukwa maluso a telematics a "kuyang'anira nthawi zonse, kuwongolera nthawi yomweyo" amathandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Pali mavuto ambiri mumakampani osunga zonyansa ndi kutaya zinyalala. Malinga ndi atolankhani, pafupifupi 50% ya zinyalala zonse zimatengedwa mosaloledwa, ndiye kuti, phindu silikupita ku kampani yopanga zofunikira, koma m'matumba a oyendetsa osakhulupirika, pamakhala milandu yambiri pamene zinyalala zimatayidwa osati pamalo ogwetsedwako, koma m'malo osavomerezeka omwe zinyalala zachilengedwe zimapangidwa.
Pali zochitika zakuphwanya dongosolo la kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, ngakhale oyendetsa nthawi yomweyo amadzazindikira mu nthawi yake kunyongedwa kwakanthawi. Nzika sizimvetsetsa kuti bwanji zitini zawo zadzaza, ndipo oyang'anira kampani yothandizira ndiwotsimikiza kuti zonse zichotsedwa kwa makasitomala panthawi yake. Ndipo, zowona, kukulunga zowerengera ma mileage agalimoto ndikulemba mafuta ochulukirapo.
Izi zikuwonetsa madalaivala aboma, osati okha, zoyendera ndizachikhalidwe.
Zipangizo zamakono za telematics zimathandizira kuthetsa mavutowa ndikuwongolera ntchito yonse yamakampani.
Pankhani yochotsa zinyalala ndi matayala, matekinoloje atsopano opanga ma telematics amapereka mwayi wosinthanitsa deta ndi "kukambirana" pakati pa magalimoto omwe ali patali kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndi anthu omwe ali ndi magalimoto, amatha kukonza njira zoyenera zamatayala zinyalala, kusunga zolemba, kulongosola zochitika za atsogoleri a madipatimenti ena ndi etc., ndiko kuti, kuphatikiza magwiridwe amodzi munjira imodzi yolamulidwa ndipo potero imapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri, kusunga ndalama ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha ntchito.
Mawonekedwe a telematic zida
Tracker, chiwonetsero. Zipangizo zama telematics zamagalimoto osungirako zinyalala zikuphatikiza GPS / GLONASS navigation system yokhala ndi tracker yomwe imafalitsa zenizeni zenizeni pakompyuta yapakati.
Imakhala nyengo ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi mabatire.
Makina owonetsera amaikiridwa mu kabati, yomwe imapereka ogwiritsira ntchito ndi wogulitsa omwe ali muofesi yapakati pomwe sanamve za kuwongolera ndi chidziwitso.
Kuwonetsera kuwongolera kumatha kusinthidwa ndikupempha wothandizira, makamaka, mutha kusintha liwiro ndi kutulutsa kachipangizo pa boot.
Pazifukwa zachitetezo, manejala atsekereza kuti asakutsimikizireni mwangozi kapena mwangozi.
Tekinoloje izi kale zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma forklifts ndi makina ena, koma tsopano zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'matola zinyalala.
Makamera amakanema, ojambula otentha, ma radars. Kuti woyendetsa galimoto azinyalala, agwire ntchito m'malo ochepa kuti mulowemo anthu osinthika, ana atha kukhala ali mgalimoto, muyenera kuwunika madera akhungu.
Maonedwe awa akhoza kuperekedwa ndi makamera a makanema omwe amatumiza chithunzicho pazenera mu cab. Komabe, chithunzithunzi chomwe chimafalitsidwa ndi kamera chimatengera kuwala.
Ngati kamera siyothandizira ndi chowunikira, siyitha kugwira ntchito mumdima.
Potere, Doppler kapena pulse mtundu radar angathandize. Njira yothetsera vuto yopeza zithunzi mumdima imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi chithunzi chamafuta obiriwira. Chithunzicho chimawonetsedwa pazenera mu kanyumba pa liwiro la mafelemu 30 pach sekondi.
Kutentha kwa ntchito kwa makina azachilendo zamagetsi: kuyambira -20 mpaka +2000 ° С.
Kuphatikiza pazoganiza zamagetsi, kuthekera kowona mumdima kungaperekedwenso ndi zida za masomphenya a usiku zomwe zikugwira ntchito pamaziko a matekinoloje opanga ma digito ndikuwongolera chithunzithunzi pazowoneka bwino zowala.
Magalimoto osungirako zinyalala: mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi gulu
Galimoto ya zinyalala - dzina lofanana la magalimoto opangidwa kuti azisonkhanitsa ndikunyamula zinyalala zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wam zinyalala umanyamula zonyansa za masisitere. Pali magalimoto onyamula zinyalala kuti azinyamula zinyalala zowopsa komanso zochuluka.
Kutengera cholinga ndi mtundu wa zinyalala zomwe zimatengedwa, kapangidwe kazonyamula matayala amasiyana.
Magalimoto amtundu wamoto amasiyana pakunyamula, kuchuluka kwa thupi, mtundu wamakina opakitsira (ofananira, kumbuyo, kutsogolo), kupezeka kwa njira yochotsera zinyalala, njira yodulira (buku, makina) ndi mtundu wa thupi (thupi, chimphona cha hopper, chokhala ndi malo osunthika, okhala ndi mbedza).
Zofunikira pakutola ndi kuyendetsa matayala a zinyalala okhala ndi makina opakidwa ndimakonzedwe zimakhazikitsidwa mu GOST 27415-87 "Matirala osungirako zinyalala. Zofunikira paukadaulo. ” Zofunikira za GOST ndizocheperako. Mwachitsanzo, amafunika kuti azitha kuwongolera owongolera kuchokera ku chipinda cha woyendetsa.
Makina a Magalimoto Agalimoto
Mwa thupi, magalimoto azinyalala amadzigawa:
Mtundu wa thupi - pomwe thupi ndi masisitimu ndi amodzi. Mtundu Wokhala
Mwa cholinga, magalimoto azinyalala amadziyika mu:
- magalimoto anyalala
- kunyamula katundu wamatayala.
Kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zonyamula thupi - galimoto yayikulu kwambiri yosonkhanitsa zinyalala zolimba. Ndi omwe amayitanitsa mayadi onse ndikuzunga zonyamula zotaya zinyalala. Ntchito yawo ndikutola zinyalala kuchokera "kochokera". Kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zonyamula zinyalala kumakhala ndi zotayidwa, chomera chotayira zinyalala kapena poyendetsa zinyalala (kutulutsa zinyalala).
Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala amapangidwa kuti azinyamula zinyalala zambiri pamtunda wautali. Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto onyamula zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinyalala kuchokera kumalo opititsira zinyalala kupita kumtunda.
Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto am zinyalala amatha kukhala ndi zida zotayira zinyalala komanso osagwiritsa ntchito (zotengera ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu). Zonyamula mafuta osungirako zinyalala (mtundu M-30) tsopano zadzaza, monga Kutola zinyalala ndi magalimoto onyamula zotere ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, kulanda kumachedwetsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimanyamulidwa kumachepera ndi kuchuluka kwa zotengera zomwe zanyamulidwa.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa katundu, magalimoto zinyalala amaikidwa m'matumba a zinyalala:
- ndi katundu wammbuyo,
- ndi mbali zokulitsa
- ndikutsegula kutsogolo.
Zachidziwikire, pali mitundu ingapo yamatayala am zinyalala omwe amapangidwira "chida chaching'ono." Mwachitsanzo, pali magalimoto oyendetsa zinyalala okhala ndi hydraulic manipulator ndi ma grab kuti atenge nthambi. Pali magalimoto onyamula zinyalala, okhala ndi makina amagetsi a hydraulic, kuti atolere zinyalala kumidzi. Pali magalimoto anyalala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zingapo (zokhala ndi zotengera zingapo).
Mbali zokulitsa zinyalala
Chida chonyamula matayala azinyalala oterowo chimakupatsani mwayi woti muchotse ntchito zogwirira ntchito pokolola zinyalala. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi.
Magalimoto onyamula zidebe amapangidwa kuti azinyamula makina. Ma hydraulic manipulator a galimoto yamatayala ngati amenewa amatha kuyikamo mitsuko itatu motsatira, kuyimilira mbali, osagwiritsa ntchito ntchito yamanja. Tsoka ilo, ziyeneretso za oyendetsa matayala a zinyalala nthawi zonse sizimalola inu kuti "muziwongolera" kuyendetsa zowongolera, ndipo zotengera ziyenerabe kukokedwa.
Sikuti nthawi zonse vuto limakhala ndi driver. Zingwe za zinyalala sizikhala ndi boma. Pali mtundu wanthawi zonse wa makampani okhaokha kuyambira USSR - OST 22-1643-85 “Zotengera zamafuta ndi zotengera zitsulo zamnyumba zotayira zinyalala ndi chakudya.
Zodziwika bwino. ” Ndizabwino mu chilengedwe, monga ma GOSTs ambiri. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga zotengera zinyalala, zomwe sizimalola ogwiritsa ntchito makina kugwira ntchito moyenera.
Mitundu yakunja kwamagalimoto zinyalala zonyamula mbali imaloleza kulongedzedwa bwino ndipo woyendetsa sayenera kuchoka m'chipindacho, ngati kanyumba kokhala ndi kotsikira kali ndi mipando iwiri ya woyendetsa (kumanzere ndi kumanja), ndipo zitseko za cab ndizowonekera bwino kuti muwone kwathunthu.
Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala kutsogolo
Frontal (kutsogolo) katundu wochotsa zinyalala adapangidwa kuti atolere zinyalala kuchokera pazitini zosungirako mpaka ma metro 8. m Kutulutsa ma bunkers kukonzekereratu, woyendetsa amayendetsa wowongolera osasiya kabati. Galimoto ya zinyalala imatsitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbale yokankha kapena njira yotayira.
Ubwino waukulu wamatayala odula kutsogolo ndi kuthamanga kwa zinyalala. M'malo mongolongedza zing'onozing'ono zingapo nthawi imodzi, hopper lalikulu limatsitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Magalimoto onyamula zotsogola amatchuka kwambiri ku United States. Kwa chiwembu chotere chodulira zinyalala, malo ena amafunika, chifukwa kulongedza zinyalala kutsogolo kuli kwakukulu komanso kwakukulu ..
Matigalimoto a Bunker
Magalimoto okhala ndi zinthu zamagalimoto nawonso ali m'galimoto zazikulu zoyambira. Amasiyana onse mu kuchuluka kwa mabatani omwe amayendetsedwa komanso momwe amadzaza.
Mwa njira yotumiza, amasiyana mu:
- magalimoto okhala ndi chingwe cholumikizira, odziwika bwino kuti dzina lotchedwa "multi-lifting" (lotchedwa dzina lachifinishi, lomwe limapezeka koyamba nthawi za Soviet),
- magalimoto okhala ndi chingwe cholongedza chingwe,
- chimango (portal).
Zingwe zopangira ma hopper
Galimoto yoyamba yaku Soviet Union yamtunduwu idapangidwa mu 1964 ndi opanga anthu ndipo idatchedwa ZIL-164AK. Thupi amachichotsa kapena kulongedza pogwiritsa ntchito kusenda ndi ma hydraulic drive. Kutsitsa kumatha kuchitika munjira yopindulira.
Zingwe zamtundu wa portal (portal) zama bunker zimapangidwa kuti zizitha kunyamula mabunkers mpaka mita 8 cubic. Awa ndi magalimoto otayira zinyalala otchuka omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchotsa zinyalala zapanyumba.
Chinanso chomwe chimakhala ndi magalimoto abwinobwino ndikuti amatha kusiya masitima apamtunda. Wopumula wachiwiriyo wanyamula pa ngolo.
Matanki onyamula zinyalala
Pomwe magalimoto wamba zinyalala amayenda movutikira kapena magalimoto ang'onoang'ono akufunika, magalimoto ang'onoang'ono owerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga lamulo, magalimoto ang'onoang'ono okwanira zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala zinyalala ziwiri, i.e. kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungira zinyalala.
Amakhala ndi thupi lopopera ndipo amatha kukhala ndi chopper-chopter chogwirizira zinyalala kuchokera muzotengera. Malori ang'onoang'ono azinyalala amathanso kukhala ndi makina osinkhasinkha.
Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ngowe yolumikizira amapezekanso.
Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zokutira mbali. Mwachitsanzo, monga "Multicar" uyu.
Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono okwera zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Italy ndi Japan. Ku Tokyo, ntchito yamatumba ang'onoang'ono okwera zinyalala ndiyabwino chifukwa sanyamula zinyalala kutali, chifukwa Ku Tokyo yopanga nkhani zambiri, kuli zinyalala 21 zomwe zatulutsidwa, komanso malo obwezeretsanso.
Chomera chachikulu cha KAMAZ panjira yopanga galimoto yamagetsi
Lingaliro lopanga galimoto yamagetsi yonyamula katundu idasokedwa koposa tsiku limodzi. Ndipo chifukwa chake, atsogoleri a chomera cha KAMAZ adayandikira kuti akwaniritse cholinga chofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.
Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kuvomereza mgwirizano ndi malo omwe azichita kafukufuku wa sayansi pazida zamagetsi zodziyimira pawokha ("Autonomous current source" kapena "AIT" ku Saratov).
Cholinga cha mgwirizanowu ndikupanga ndi kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi mu chuma cha m'tauni kumatha kukhala kosiyanitsa kwambiri: kutolera zinyalala, kugwira ntchito ngati mafuta okumba, ntchito pagawo lomanga. Pali malingaliro oti mugwiritse ntchito ngati tayala la tayala ndi zoyendera pagulu.
Magalimoto amagetsi, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto wamba, ali ndi zabwino zina zomwe sizingatheke: pafupifupi kungokhala chete, chuma pakukonza, moyo wautali. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukonda zachilengedwe. Mwachidziwikire, zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri pakusamalira zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Vyachedlav Volynsky, Wachiwiri kwa Director of technical Issuch ku AIT, akukhulupirira kuti pulojekitiyi yomwe ikubwera idzakhala yothandiza kwambiri pakupanga matekinoloje ake. Posachedwa - kupeza mwayi wonse wogwiritsira ntchito zopangira zoweta ndi zinthu zina.
Madivekitala adziwitsa kuti ntchitoyi ionetsetsa mabatire a lithiamu-ion m'malo mwatsopano. Choyamba, mabatire atsopano amakhala otsika mtengo komanso otetezeka, ndipo chachiwiri, sipangakhale mavuto nawo akadzalowetsedwa mu zombo zamtawuni. Ndipo KAMAZ idayamba kale kupanga mabasi, magalimoto oyendetsa zinyalala ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi.
Dongosolo lokonzanso mabasi limaganiziridwanso: usiku - m'malo okwerera ma tram ndi ma trolleybus, masana - kuchokera ku mizere yamagetsi ya trolleybus. Mtundu waukulu wamabasi uzitha kuyendetsa pafupifupi ma kilomita 100 pa batire imodzi yathunthu, yaying'ono - yoposa 50 makilomita. Chaka chino, ntchitoyi iyamba, makamaka ku Kazan.
Pakadali pano, timakhala tikukambirana zambiri za polojekitiyi osati mawu onena za mtengo wake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Chimodzi chodziwikiratu: pali mwayi komanso chikhumbo chachikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchitoyi ikhale.
Vyachedlav Volynsky adalongosola kuti malondawo amawapanga mogwirizana ndi nyengo komanso nyengo yovuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiwopsezo chochepa chikuyembekezeka.
Kutsika kotheka kwa zisonyezero zina zamagetsi kumakhala kotsika poyerekezera ndi zitsanzo zakunja. Ndipo mtengo wa mabatire awo udzakhala wochepera kuposa wakunja.
Malinga ndi Regions Online, opanga mabatire a batri amalonjeza kuti zimatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti muziwawongolera - mphindi zochepa.
Kafukufuku wofufuza "Autonomous current source" adakonzedwa kale mchaka cha 2012.
Mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi, likulu limodzi ndi bizinesiyo adayambitsa projekiti yomwe idzatulutse mabatire ake a lithiamu-ion mokwanira.
Okonza amalonjeza kuti mtundu wa zinthuzo uzikhala woyenera: kuchuluka kwa batire komanso kulimba kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira. Kutseguliridwa kwa wotulutsa kumayembekezera mu 2017.
Zachidziwikire makampani akuluakulu adzakondweretsanso ma batri: Ministry of Defense, Russian Networks, Space Agency, ndi makampani azigawo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi magawo a zida za nyukiliya, gasi, ndi mafuta.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ofunika kwambiri monga kulumikizana ndi ma telefoni ndi magetsi, simungathe kuchita popanda iwo.
Madera a Far East ndi Far North akutali kuchokera kumphamvu zamagetsi nawonso amafunikira magwero azoyendera pawokha.
Zikadali zokhumba mkulu wopanga Saratov pakukwaniritsa mapulaniwo.
Momwe magalimoto azinyalala amagwirira ntchito
(Sanasankhidwe)
Tikutsegula…
Anthu ambiri amakumbukirabe galimoto yayikulu m'misewu, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito pagulu amadzaza zinyalala zosiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, kuyeretsa mumsewu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodzitsitsira.
Zonyamula zoterezi zimatchedwa kuti zinyalala za zinyalala, mothandizidwa ndi katundu wawo ndi zinyalala zimachitika. Zonse zokhudza mtengo wamatola zinyalala ndi mfundo za ntchito yawo, onani tsamba lalikulu la malondawo pogulitsa zida zolemera.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto omata
Mitundu yotchuka ngati zida zonyamula zinyalala sigwiritsidwa ntchito pongofuna kututa zinyalala m'misewu yamidzi. Ndi thandizo lawo, zinyalala za zomangira zimachotsedwa m'malo omwe ntchitoyi ikuchitika.
Chomwe chimachitika ndi magalimoto am zinyalala ndikuti, kutengera zida zawo, mtundu wamtunduwu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kungoyendetsa ndi kuchotsa katundu wambiri, komanso kutumiza kunja kwa nyumba zazikulu, monga konkire.
Pofotokoza ntchito yamagalimoto osungira zinyalala, munthu sangayerekezere makina opangidwa mokwanira omwe amachita ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Pali magalimoto onyamula zinyalala omwe amadzaza pamanja, nawonso akufunika, makamaka m'makampani omanga.
Ubwino waukulu wamaloli am zinyalala ndi kuthekera kwawoko, kunyamula zida ndi kuthekera kwa zida zina zowonjezereka.
Mitundu yamagalimoto am zinyalala ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Magalimoto osungirako zinyalala - ichi ndi chipangizo cholemera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana pokweza ndi kutumiza kunja. Pali mitundu ingapo yamatayala am zinyalala:
- buku lokweza zinyalala ndimayendedwe omwe ali ndi chidebe cholongedza, mothandizidwa ndi chomwe thupi limanyamula. Zinyalala zimadzazilongedzeredwa pamadzi mu chidebe; Zowonongeka zawo zimawonedwa kuti ndizosagwirizana, ndizofunikira potuta zinyalala m'malo ang'onoang'ono,
- Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala okhala ndi makina akonzedwa mokwanira, zinyalala zodzaza ndi zida zapadera zodziwikiratu, kutsitsa - mothandizidwa ndi chitofu,
- Galimoto yonyamula katundu yakumbuyo kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri, imachotsa zinyalala mum'zinthu zomwe zimadzaza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopulumutsira. Malori zinyalala ngati izi amazikweza, ngati matayala amadzala zinyalala, pakukweza thupi,
- Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala a clamshell ali ndi zida zapadera zotengera zinyalala, sizotchuka kwambiri panobe chifukwa chamtengo wokwera njira zoteretsera zinyalala.
Magalimoto amakono otaika sangatchulidwe kuti njira yofunika, chifukwa amakhala ndi zida zina zowonjezera, monga kunyamula, kulanda, ndi zina.
Ubwino wawo waukulu ndiwothandiza komanso kuchita mosiyanasiyana, komwe ngakhale munthu wophweka angayamikire, amasirira misewu yoyera yomwe galimoto zoyendetsa zinyalala zambiri zimachotsa zinyalala.
Matigalasi Agoba - Kuthetsa Mavuto Agoba
Magalimoto amtchire ndi gawo limodzi la zombo zilizonse zogwirira ntchito, zamakampani opanga, mabungwe akuluakulu omanga. Zipangizo zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisonkhanitse zinyalala ndikuzipititsa kumalo okonzamo ndi kutaya.
Zisankho zosankha makina
Khalidwe lakusungidwa kwa zinyalala limaphatikizapo kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa galimoto yokhala ndi ntchito yodziyendetsa yokha, kuyendetsa galimoto, kuyika, kutaya zinyalala ndi ena.
Musanagule zida zamtengo wapatali ngati izi, muyenera kusankha magawo ofunikira:
- kuchuluka kwa thupi
- kukhala ndi mphamvu, zokolola,
- njira yokonzera zinyalala,
- chitsanzo cha chassis chokhazikitsa hopper.
Kuwona moyenera pakusankhidwa kwa makina a zinyalala kutilola ife kukhazikitsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri pabizinesi.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu omwe makasitomala amatsogozedwa nawo akagula zida zapadera zotolera zinyalala ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi chisonyezo chochuluka cha zinyalala zomwe zimatengedwa.
Machitidwe a volumetric a thupi amayambira pa 7.5 mpaka 20 cubic metres. Kuthekera kwakukulu kokwanira matani 9, ndipo kochepera - matani 3. Zipangizo zothandizira ntchito yakanikiza zinyalala zimakhala ndi zinyalala zogwirizana kuyambira magawo 2,5 mpaka 7.
Kugawidwa mwa njira zokulitsira
Malinga ndi njira zobweza katundu, zinyalala zonyansa zimatchulidwa motere:
- Zida zamgalimoto zagalimoto Kutsegula zinyalala kumachitika ndi gawo lamanzere.
- Galimoto zamatumbo kumbuyo. Udyo umamizidwa mumtsuko wapadera wonyamula kumbuyo kwa hopper.
- Galimoto ya zinyalala yokhala ndi kutsogolo (kutsogolo).
- Magalimoto amtchire okhala ndi katundu wapadziko lonse.
Kutumiza mbali
Pafupifupi zaka 80 zapitazi, magalimoto zinyalala okhala ndi zolemba zamtundu wa GAZ-93 adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizinda yaying'ono. Anthuwo adataya zinyalala kuchokera m zidebe ndikuyika mu bokosi lotsekedwa, ndipo wolemetsa adayikanda pamenepo ndi fosholo.
Panalibe agitator kapena chosindikizira pano. Ubwino wokhawo wamatayala zinyalala ngati amenewo unali wosavuta wopanga komanso wotsika mtengo.
Pakadali pano, makina okhala ndi zolemba zamanja popanda zina zowonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutolera zinyalala m'misika, m'misika, m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi mabokosi ovota mumsewu.
Magalimoto onyamula mafuta ochepa osagwira bwino ntchito omwe adasinthidwa m'malo mwake adasinthidwa ndi magalimoto othandizira omwe adalongedza mwamphamvu zinyalala kuti zizisungiramo ziwiya ziwiriziye m'thupi kudzera pakuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa.
Katundu wonyamula zinyalala
- mawu osewerera omwe thupi lonse lazitsulo limayimitsidwa ndi mchira kumbuyo ndi mbale yakukankha (kutsogolo)
- wolimbikitsa,
- hydraulic manipulator
- ma hydraulic system.
Telgate imatseguka chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa ma hydraulic cylinders omwe amakhazikika mbali zonse za thupi. Ma hydraulic manipulator agwira chidebe, kunyamula, kutaya zinyalala, kugwedezeka ndikuyiyika. Bokosi (agitator) lomwe limayikidwa papulogalamu yosindikiza ndere limabalalitsa zinyalala mthupi lonse. Zinyalala amazichotsera kuchokera hopper pogwiritsa ntchito mbale akukankha pamene akukweza thupi.
Matigari akuluakulu azinyalala ali ndi ma cylinders ambiri (mpaka 18) omwe amayendetsa makina.
Tsopano pamakina ambiri a zinyalala pali zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera ndikutsitsa katundu mwachindunji kuchokera ku hop.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma cabs amatha kukhala ndi pulogalamu yowunikira makanema, chifukwa chomwe woyendetsa ali ndi mwayi wowona ntchito yonse osasiya galimoto.
Malori a zinyalala okhala ndi mbali zokulungirako amapangidwira makamaka kukweza matanki osungira okhala ndi mamilimita 0,75. Kwa zaka zambiri, anali momwe anthu amakhalira kutaya zinyalala.
Chovuta chachikulu cha magalimoto onyamula zinyalala ndi chowongolera cham'mbali ndikuti kutaya zinyalala kuchokera pachidebe mpaka pansi ndikuchepetsa pang'ono.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, makina ang'onoang'ono otola zinyalala okhala ndi mbali zokhala ndi ma tart akhala ofunikira.
Amapangidwa kuti akhale opanda zotengera zamagetsi osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zinyalala zosakanikirana pomwe zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndi pulasitiki.
Magalimoto oterowo amatha kugwira ntchito m'misewu yopapatiza ndikuchotsa zinyalala kumakampani akuluakulu oyang'anira zinyalala.
Kumbuyo kutsitsa
Pamagalimoto olowera kumbuyo, njira yolumikizira imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa thupi. Bukuli ndi lamakina. Pakadali pano, zida zamagetsi zothandizira kumbuyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
Kubweza matayala am'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono ndikusintha ma modula ndi othandizira mbali chifukwa chogwira bwino kwambiri komanso kupanga zipatso.
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:
Kuchulukitsa kwa zinyalala pano ndi 1 mpaka 7, pomwe magalimoto oyendetsa zinyalala ali ndi gawo lamanja - 1 mpaka 3.
- Mutha kutumiza zonyamula mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo "boti" zonyansa zazikulu.
- M'magalimoto ngati amenewa ndiosavuta kuyendetsa galimoto kupita ku chidebe.
- Mukamadula, zinyalala sizimadutsa wopepuka.
Kuwongolera makina ogulitsa sikovuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri, makinawo amagwira thanki yosungiramo zinthu, amaikweza pamalo okonzedweratu ndipo imapatsa mphamvu thankiyo.
Kuwonongerani zinyalala mu hopper yolumikizira kumachitika ndi fosholo yapadera, kusunthira zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi molunjika poyang'aniridwa mosalekeza.
M'mitundu yamakono yamakina obweza m'mbuyo, zotayira zinyalala zimatha kuchitika mwanjira zowongolera, zowonera zokha komanso zowongolera zokha.
Hopper imatsukidwa ndikakankhira zinyalala zothinikizidwa kudzera kukhoma lakumbuyo.
Kutsegula kutsogolo
Ubwino wamtundu wotayidwa wa zinyalala wolimba ndi pomwe pali njira yochotsera patsogolo pa chipinda cha woyendetsa. Chifukwa cha kuwunika bwino komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa njirayi, amatha kuwongolera katundu ndi kutsitsa popanda kusiya kabati yagalimoto. Kulumikizana kwa anthu ndi zinyalala sikumaperekedwa konse.
Kapangidwe ka galimoto zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi kapangidwe kamakina ogulitsa mbali. Chosiyana ndi chipangizo chamakina chokweza chomwe chili ndi zida zoyendetsa kutsogolo. Imayimira mafoloko omwe amaimitsidwa pamanja a mawonekedwe a G, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi thupi kumbuyo kwa kabati. Mafoloko amayendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulically ndipo otsogola amatha kusuntha.
Wogwiritsa ntchito amayang'anira ndikuwongolera katundu ndi kutsitsa ntchito mwachindunji kuchokera ku tebulo.
Komabe, zofunikira pagulu sizithamangira kugula zida zotere, chifukwa sizipangidwa ku Russia, ndipo mitundu yakunja ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa matayala wamba amalava omwe amabweza kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, zida zokhala ndi chopangira chakumapeto zapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito ndi zotetezedwa zapadera zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinyalala mdziko lathu.
Magalimoto amtundu wa padziko lonse
Magalimoto amtundu wagalimoto amatha kukhala zida zapadziko lonse zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha poyeretsera gawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matupi osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti magalimoto azitha kufalitsa mchenga, kuyamwa silt, komanso kugwira ntchito yopuma.
Nthawi zambiri, magalimoto amtundu wapadziko lonse amakhala ndi zida zothandizira izi:
Ma multilift ndi njira yotumiza ndi kutsitsira zinthu ndi mbedza kapena chingwe cholumikizira, yoyendetsedwa ndi kuyendetsa kwa hydraulic.
Dongosolo ili limapereka zabwino zambiri:
- Ndiwosavuta kwambiri pakapangidwe, kosavuta komanso kotetezeka kugwira ntchito.
- Dongosololi limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana: makina amodzi amatha kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndikokwanira kusuntha thupi kapena chizolowe.
- Chifukwa cha ma multelevator, zida zimagwira ntchito mosataya nthawi.
- Ndalama zopulumutsidwa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa mutha kukhala ndi zida zochepa mu garaja.
- Kusintha pogwiritsa ntchito kalavani kapena crane ndikotheka.
Dongosolo la lifdumper (skip uploader) lili ndi zinyalala zamagalimoto zonyamula zinyalala zazikulu, zopitilira muyeso (zinyalala zomanga, zitsulo zakunyumba) ndi zotengera zonyamula bwato.
Makina odula amakhala ndi makina amtundu wina womwe umamiza ma pulatifomu ya chassis iliyonse. Kutengera mtundu wake, magalimoto okhala ndi chikweza amatha kunyamula mabatani anayi otseguka kapena maenje 6 opanda kanthu.
Dongosolo lino limakupatsani mwayi wopakira mabatani osinthika pamagalimoto azinyalala okhala ndi njira yamagulu ambiri.
Mtundu wa makina apadziko lonse lapansi ndi wotchuka ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mayendedwe azonyamula magawo awiri.
Pano pali galimoto yokhala ndi matayala ataliatali kapena masitima apamsewu komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, pomwe pamaikapo zida zopangira zida zosinthira anthu.
Pamene thupi limodzi ladzaza ndi zinyalala zokumbika, lina limatumizidwa kumtunda wakutali kuti akataye munjira yopumira. Kuchuluka kwa thupi la zimphona zotere kumatha kufika 50 cubic metres, ndipo kunyamula kumakhala ndi matani 25.
Pazowonetsa zazikulu zakugwirira ntchito koyenera kwa magalimoto onyamula zinyalala, zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika:
- kuchepa kwa nthawi yakutsitsa ndi kutsitsa,
- kuchepetsedwa kwa ndege zonyamula zinyalala,
- kutsitsa mtengo panthawi ya mayendedwe komanso ena.
Atsogoleri opanga
Zida zapakhomo ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa zitsanzo za opanga akunja. Koma ngakhale izi zili choncho, zothandizira zambiri komanso matauni ambiri amakonda kugula zofunikira za mzindawu zomwe atsogoleri adziko lonse lapansi akuchita mgalimoto yamagalimoto, zomwe zatsimikizira kuti ndizodalirika komanso zimagwira ntchito mosasamala.
Zipangizo zaku Sweden Scania ndi BFE zikuyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera, zomwe zimapereka mitundu ya magalimoto otaikira omwe ndi osiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala ku Sweden a Balticum Frinab Ecology (BFE) apangidwa kuyambira 1986. Kwa zaka zambiri, opanga adapeza zotsatira zodabwitsa potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito zida zapaderazi.
BFE imapanga zitsanzo zokhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri ya 26 m3, yopangidwa kuti ikwaniritse ma chassis atatu, mwachitsanzo, pa Scania P380 CB6X4EHZ.
Khwalala laku Sweden lonyamula katundu ndi zida zonyamula, zomwe zimayesedwa kwa zaka zambiri, zimaperekanso mtundu wamtundu wa galimoto yonyamula zinyalala, yoyenera kwambiri kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta a Russia.
Njirayi imatha kupirira magawo ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri pamisewu ya Russia komanso katundu wokwanira tsiku lililonse.
Mtundu wokhala ndi kumbuyo kwa BFE 26 m3 pa Scania P380 CB6X4EHZ chassis ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zambiri ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala kuchokera kumaloli ang'onoang'ono zinyalala pamayendedwe opitilira kuti zipitirire kunyanja, chifukwa malo okhala mtawoni ndi ochepa.
Magalimoto onyamula zinyalala a BFE ndi amodzi mwa makina otchuka kwambiri opanga zinyalala. Mfundo zotsatirazi zaluso zimathandizira izi:
- Kuchulukitsa kwa bafa yotsitsa ndi 2.8 m3.
- Chiwopsezo chowongolera ndi 1: 7.
- Nthawi yokwanikiza ndi masekondi 20.
- Kukakamiza kumafika matani 32.
- Kutsegula nthawi - mpaka miniti.
Zabwino pamoto wamatope a BFE 26 m3 pa Scania P380 CB6X4EHZ chassis:
- Imakhala ndi zida zapadera za mbale yosindikizira, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuphwanya zinyalala mumalovu osungira.
- Imagwira ndi mitundu yonse yamagalimoto amtundu uliwonse (kuchokera pa 0.6 mpaka 8 m3): eurocontainers azitsulo ndi pulasitiki, akasinja, mabwato a boti, ndi zina zambiri.
- Kupanga thupi lachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta 1 tani poyerekeza ndi matupi ofanana ndi voliyumu iyi.
- Kapangidwe kamatayala okonzera zinyalala kumakupatsani mwayi wogawa zinyalala mu hopper, zomwe zimapangitsa magalimoto kuyenda bwino pamsewu komanso osavuta kuyendetsa.
- Makina ochita kupanga okha omwe ali ndi kudalirika kwakukulu komanso chitetezo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera njirazi.
Ndizotheka kumaliza ndi zida zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yayende bwino:
- kukweza kwa ma gantry ndi chingwe pamatayala obwezera,
- hydraulic manipulator yoyikiratu kuseri kwa kanyumba kapena padenga, kuti athe kulongedza katundu m'manda,
- kuyeza dongosolo ndi kuyang'anira kuwunika kwa zida,
- zida zotsuka.
Kukhazikitsa pa Scania P380 CB6X4EHZ chassis kumapangitsa kuti galimoto ya zinyalala ya BFE 26 m3 ikhale imodzi yopindulitsa kwambiri komanso malo achilengedwe. Makonzedwe a 6 x 4 amatipatsa pobwera mutatsitsa ma landfill. Mpaka matani 21 zinyalala zitha kunyamulidwa paulendo uliwonse.
Kusankha galimoto yochotsa zinyalala, simuyenera kungoyang'ana pa mtengo wake, mphamvu ndi zipatso. Pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwamtundu wa zida zamakono zam'mizinda, mitundu ya zimbudzi zoyikapo zinyalala, kapangidwe ka zinyalala, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'gawo lotumikiridwayo akuyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mukukumbukiranso misewu yolowera kumipando ndi mtunda wochotsa zinyalala.
Kusankha koyenera kwagalimoto yoyendetsa zinyalala sikungangopulumutsa ndalama zan'gululi, komanso kupangitsa kuti zipitilidwe komanso kupititsa ntchito zonyamula zinyalala nzika zonse kwa nzika komanso oyendetsa zinyalala.
Mfundo yogwira ntchito
Kutsegula kumachitidwa ndi wogwira ntchito kapena makina oika zinyalala pamalo otungira (omwe ali kumbuyo kwa makinawo). Pambuyo pake, wogwirizira amaphatikiza zinyalala ndikuzigawira mkati mwa thupi, ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo onse ogulitsa zinyalala azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Kutula zinyalala kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamfundo ya "zotaya zinyalala". Kuyendetsa kwama hydraulic kumakweza thupi kutsogolo. Chifukwa cha izi, zinyalala zimatayidwa popanda thandizo kupita ku malo pokakonzera kapena kusungirako. Mukamapendekera, khoma la thupi limatseguka, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse zinyalala zonse pamalori onyamula zinyalala.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kuzipangizo zam'mbali
Kubweza m'matumba zinyalala kumagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ndi matekinoloje omwe amawapatsa zabwino kuposa zida zina:
Njira yolimbira yophatikizira ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi imatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa makina ofunikira kumachepetsedwa ndipo mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito zombo umachepetsedwa.
Mukamakoka zinyalala pachidebe kupita kumalonda onyamula katundu, mwayi wowononga umacheperachepera. Izi zimathetsa mavuto ena azachilengedwe omwe amabwera muukadaulo wina.
Chidebe chomwe chili kumbuyo kwawo chimakwera mpaka kutalika pang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ngozi yogwirira ntchito galimoto yonyamula zinyalala.
Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kutaya zinyalala pamanja. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa amatha kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazotengera.
Chifukwa cha maubwino awa, magalimoto am'mbuyo omwe akubweranso masiku ano akutchuka kwambiri ndi zinthu zofunika m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana tsiku lililonse. Mutha kugula zida izi m'makampani apadera.
Mwachitsanzo, monga patsamba la http :ar-tehnocom.ru, pomwe pamakhala zida zosiyanasiyana zapadera.
Mwambiri, mabungwe ngati awa samangogulitsa, komanso kubwereketsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama pakugula makina osiyanasiyana.
Mtundu uwu wautumiki ndi umodzi wodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndipo mukudziwa kuti m'maiko osiyanasiyana pali malamulo osiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito ya oyendetsa m'derali.
Paziki ndi mabasi omwe akhala akudziwika kwa anthu ambiri ku Russia kuyambira ali mwana. Magalimoto awa adathandizabe ndipo akutumikirabe njira zolumikizirana kumatauni ndi kumatauni ...
Chida ichi chamagetsi ndichimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri pazida zamgalimoto. Osangoyendetsa ma novice okha, koma owongolera omwe amadziwa bwino kwambiri zoyendetsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotere ...
M'malo ambiri ogulitsa, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu, zopangidwa chimodzi ndipo sizingagwirizane. Njira zotere zimaperekedwa, monga lamulo, pamsewu.