FISH YA EPHIMANI - SIRITSI YOPANGITSA ZA ZOPHUNZITSA ZA AMAZING
Gnathonemus petersii nsomba za njovu kapena njovu ya Nile imakukwanirani ngati mukuyang'ana nsomba zowoneka bwino za ku aquarium, zomwe sizili konse mu aquarium. Milomo yake yapansi, yomwe imawoneka ngati thunthu la njovu, imamupangitsa kukhala wodabwitsa, koma amakhalanso wosangalatsa pamakhalidwe ake. Ngakhale nsomba za mendulo za aquarium zimatha kukhala zamanyazi komanso zamanyazi, koma zikasamalidwa bwino komanso
chisamaliro chidzagwira ntchito kwambiri komanso moonekera.
Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika kukhala ndi nsomba za njovu, ndipo ndizosowa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa iwo kuti m'madzimo muli dothi lofewa momwe amakumba kufunafuna chakudya. Kuwala kotsika ndikofunikanso, ndipo nthawi zambiri amavutika m'mizinda yam'madzi ndi zowala zowala. Ngati palibe njira yochepetsera kukula, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga malo okhala komanso makona amthunzi.
Komanso, nsomba za njovu zimakonda kwambiri madzi kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa madzi m'tawuni, ku Germany ndi USA. Pansi pa malo oyenera, amasanduka malo okongola am'madzi, makamaka m'mizinda yopanga mizere yaku Africa.
Nsomba za njovu zimatulutsa minda yamagetsi yofooka, yomwe samateteza, koma kuyang'ana m'malo, yopeza abwenzi ndi chakudya. Alinso ndi ubongo waukulu kwambiri, wolingana ndendende ndi ubongo wa munthu.
KUKHALA NDI MOYO
Mwachilengedwe, njovu ya Nile ndi yofala kwambiri ku Africa ndipo imapezeka ku: Benin, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Congo, Zambia. Nsomba za njovu Gnathonemus petersii ndi mtundu wa benthic womwe umakhala pafupi ndi pansi ndikuyang'ana zakudya pansi ndi thunthu lake lalitali. Kuphatikiza apo, adakhala ndi malo achilendo mkati mwawo, gawo lamagetsi lofooka ili, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amayenda m'malo, kuyang'ana chakudya ndikulankhulana. Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono, tomwe timapezeka pansi.
KULAMBIRA
Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu-pafupi (mpaka 22 cm), ndizovuta kudziwa kuti imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji ali mu ukapolo, popeza zonse zimatengera momwe anthu amasungidwira, koma pa umodzi mwa mabungwe achingerezi pali nkhani yokhudza nsomba za njovu yomwe yakhala zaka 25 - 26!
Zachidziwikire, chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri pakuwoneka kwake ndi "thunthu", lomwe limakula kuchokera pamlomo wapansi ndikuthandizira kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala pakamwa wamba. Mtundu wa nsomba za njovu ndizosawoneka bwino, thupi lofiirira lakuda lomwe lili ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pafupi ndi kumapeto kwake.
KULIMBIKITSA MU ZINSINSI
Zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa posunga nsomba za njovu mumasowa madzi abwino ndipo zimakonda kwambiri zomwe zili ndimankhwala ndi zinthu zovulaza m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi wamantha, amagwira ntchito yamadzulo ndi usiku ndipo ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Kudya
Nsomba za njovu ndizapadera pamtundu wake, zimasaka tizilombo ndi mphutsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ake, ndipo "thunthu", yemwe amasinthika kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyenda mbali zosiyanasiyana, panthawi zotere amakhala ngati chimfine cha njovu. Mwachilengedwe, imakhala m'mizere pansi ndipo imadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mu aquarium, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi tubules ndizakudya zake zomwe amakonda, komanso mphutsi zilizonse zomwe zimapezeka pansi. Nsomba zina za njovu zimadyanso kuzizira, komanso ngakhale chimanga, koma sikumakhala bwino kuti mudyetse zakudya zotere. Kwa iye, choyambirira, chakudya chamoyo ndichofunikira.
Nsomba za njovu zimadyetsa bwino, motero sungathe kuzisunga ndi nsomba zomwe zingatenge chakudya. Popeza nsomba zimagwira usiku, zimayenera kudyetsedwa zikazimitsa magetsi kapena posakhalitsa. Ngati atha kuzolowera ndikuzolowera, amathanso kudzidyetsa ndi manja, kuti mutha kuwadyetsa padera, madzulo, nsomba zina zikagwira.
MUTU WA AQUARIUM
M'malo mwachilengedwe, nsomba za njovu zimafunikira madzi okwanira malita 200 munthu aliyense payekha. Ndikofunika kuzisunga mu gulu la anthu amtundu wa 4-6, ngati ali ndi awiri, ndiye kuti wamwamuna wamkulu amakhala wamphamvu kwambiri, mpaka kufa kwa nsomba zofooka, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 6, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri ndi malo okwanira ndi pogona.
Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndizotseka mwamphamvu, chifukwa nsomba za njovu zimakonda kutuluka ndikufa. Mwachilengedwe, amagwira ntchito usiku kapena madzulo, motero ndikofunikira kuti madzi am'madzi asakhale ndi zowala zowala, samalekerera. Madzulo, malo okhala ambiri omwe amasungira masana, nthawi zina amapita kukadyetsa kapena kusambira, awa ndi omwe amafunikira. Amakonda makamaka machubu opanda kanthu otseguka mbali zonse ziwiri.
Amalekerera madzi okhala ndi kuuma kosiyanako bwino (5-15 °), koma amafunikira madzi okhala ndi pH yotsalira kapena pang'ono acid (6.0-7.5), kutentha kwa kukonza ndi 24-28 ° C, koma ndibwino kuti azikhala pafupi ndi 27. Kuonjezera mchere kumadzi, nthawi zambiri yomwe imatchulidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana - ndikulakwitsa, njovu za nsomba zimakhala m'madzi atsopano.
Amakhudzidwa ndikusintha momwe madzi amapangidwira, ndipo chifukwa cha izi samalimbikitsidwa kuti asungidwe ndi asamadzi odziwa zambiri, kapena kuti asunge malo am'mizinda momwe magawo samakhazikika. Amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi, chifukwa chodziunjikira makamaka pansi, nsomba zimakhala pansi. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu, kusintha sabata ndimadzi ndikumata pansi, ndikuwunikiranso zomwe zimapezeka mu ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi.
Mchenga uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi, chifukwa nsomba za njovu zimakumbamo nthawi zonse, ndipo zigawo zazikulu komanso zolimba zimatha kuwononga "thunthu" lawo lathanzi.
KUGWIRITSANSO NDI CHOLOWA CHINA
Amtendere, koma sayenera kusungidwa ndi nsomba zamtopola kapena okangalika kwambiri, chifukwa amadya chakudya kuchokera ku nsomba za njovu. Ngati agwira nsomba imodzi, ndiye kuti siankhanza ayi, koma kungodziwa chabe, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe angachite nayo mantha. Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala nsomba za ku Africa: nsomba za gulugufe, Congo, synodontis cuckoo, chotchinga cha synodontis, catfish changeling, angelfish. Kwakukulu, ngakhale amakula mpaka 22 cm, amatha kumakhala m'madzi ochepa kangapo popanda mavuto.
Kusiyana kogonana
Momwe mungasiyanitsire wamwamuna ndi wamkazi sizikudziwika. Itha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yopangidwa, koma njirayi siyabwino kwenikweni kwa akatswiri wamba ammadzi.
KULENGA
Nsomba za njovu sizimaleredwa muukapolo ndipo zimachokera ku chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wina wasayansi, adanenanso kuti zomwe zili mu ukapolo zimasokoneza zokoka za nsomba ndipo sizingadziwitse mnzakeyo.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Mitunduyi ndi yofalikira kwambiri ku Africa ndipo imapezeka ku: Benin, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Congo, Zambia.
Gnathonemus petersii ndi mtundu wa benthic womwe umakhala pafupi pansi ndikufufuza zakudya mu nthaka ndi thunthu lake lalitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, adakhala ndi malo achilendo mkati mwawo, gawo lamagetsi lofooka ili, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amayenda m'malo, kuyang'ana chakudya ndikulankhulana.
Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono, tomwe timapezeka pansi.
Kufotokozera
Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu-pafupi (mpaka 22 cm), ndizovuta kudziwa kuti imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji ali mu ukapolo, popeza zonse zimatengera momwe anthu amasungidwira, koma pa umodzi mwa mabungwe achingerezi pali nkhani yokhudza nsomba za njovu yomwe yakhala zaka 25 - 26!
Zachidziwikire, chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri pakuwoneka kwake ndi "thunthu", lomwe limakula kuchokera pamlomo wapansi ndikuthandizira kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala pakamwa wamba.
Utoto wowoneka bwino, wakuda bii wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pafupi ndi faudal fin.
Kudyetsa
Nsomba za njovu ndizapadera pamtundu wake, zimasaka tizilombo ndi mphutsi pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lake lamagetsi, ndipo "thunthu", yemwe amasinthika kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyenda mbali zosiyanasiyana, panthawi zotere amakhala ngati thunthu.
Mwachilengedwe, imakhala m'mizere pansi ndipo imadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mu aquarium, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi tubules ndizakudya zake zomwe amakonda, komanso mphutsi zilizonse zomwe zimapezeka pansi.
Nsomba zina za njovu zimadyanso kuzizira, komanso ngakhale chimanga, koma sikumakhala bwino kuti mudyetse zakudya zotere. Kwa iye, choyambirira, chakudya chamoyo ndichofunikira.
Nsomba sizichedwa kudyetsa, choncho simungathe kuzisunga ndi nsomba zomwe zimadya. Popeza nsomba zimagwira usiku, zimayenera kudyetsedwa zikazimitsa magetsi kapena posakhalitsa.
Ngati atha kuzolowera ndikuzolowera, amathanso kudzidyetsa ndi manja, kuti mutha kuwadyetsa padera, madzulo, nsomba zina zikagwira.
M'malo mwachilengedwe, nsomba za njovu zimafunikira madzi okwanira malita 200 munthu aliyense payekha.
Ndikofunika kuzisunga mu gulu la anthu amtundu wa 4-6, ngati ali ndi awiri, ndiye kuti wamwamuna wamkulu amakhala wamphamvu kwambiri, mpaka kufa kwa nsomba zofooka, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 6, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri ndi malo okwanira ndi pogona.
Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndizotseka mwamphamvu, chifukwa nsomba za njovu zimakonda kutuluka ndikufa. Mwachilengedwe, amagwira ntchito usiku kapena madzulo, motero ndikofunikira kuti madzi am'madzi asakhale ndi zowala zowala, samalekerera.
Madzulo, malo okhala ambiri omwe amasungira masana, nthawi zina amapita kukadyetsa kapena kusambira, awa ndi omwe amafunikira. Amakonda makamaka machubu opanda kanthu otseguka mbali zonse ziwiri.
Amalekerera madzi okhala ndi kuuma kosiyanako bwino (5-15 °), koma amafunika madzi okhala ndi pH yachilendo kapena pang'ono pH (6.0-7.5), kutentha kwa kukonza ndi 24-28 ° C, koma ndibwino kuyandikira pafupi ndi 27.
Kuthira mchere kumadzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndi cholakwika; nsomba izi zimakhala m'madzi abwino.
Amakhudzidwa ndikusintha momwe madzi amapangidwira, ndipo chifukwa cha izi samalimbikitsidwa kuti asungidwe ndi asamadzi odziwa zambiri, kapena kuti asunge malo am'mizinda momwe magawo samakhazikika.
Amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi, chifukwa chodziunjikira makamaka pansi, nsomba zimakhala pansi.
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu, kusintha sabata ndimadzi ndikumata pansi, ndikuwunikiranso zomwe zimapezeka mu ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi.
Mchenga uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi, chifukwa nsomba za njovu zimakumbamo nthawi zonse, ndipo zigawo zazikulu komanso zolimba zimatha kuwononga "thunthu" lawo lathanzi.
Kugwirizana
Amtendere, koma sayenera kusungidwa ndi nsomba zamtopola kapena okangalika kwambiri, chifukwa amadya chakudya ndi nsomba. Ngati agwira nsomba imodzi, ndiye kuti siankhanza ayi, koma kungodziwa chabe, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe angachite nayo mantha.
Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala nsomba za ku Africa: nsomba za gulugufe, Congo, synodontis cuckoo, chotchinga cha synodontis, catfish changeling, angelfish.
Kwakukulu, ngakhale amakula mpaka 22 cm, amatha kumakhala m'madzi ochepa kangapo popanda mavuto.
Mawonekedwe
Nsombayo ili ndi thupi lokwera, losalala mbali zonse. Alibe zipsepse zamkati, ndipo ndalama yakumapeto imasunthidwa pafupi ndi mchira. Kupaka utoto kumatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka kutuwa ndi kuda kwakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Pafupifupi mchira pali kachidutswa kakuda ngati diamondi, kamene kali ndi matambo oyera. Koma chochitika chachikulu ndi chibwano chokhala ngati buluzi, chifukwa chomwe nsombayo idatipatsa dzina. Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna: Chokhacho chokhacho ndikuti zazikazi ndizokulirapo ndipo zimakhala ndi mimba yozungulira.
Nsomba ya njovu kapena, monga amatchedwanso, kukokolola kwa njovu - mwini wa luso lapadera. Zimapanga ma pulows ofooka zamagetsi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi abale komanso njira yolumikizira malo.
Pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, njovu ya Nile imafika mpaka 25 cm, koma mu aquarium yakunyumba imakhala yocheperako, nthawi zambiri imaposa masentimita 15. nsomba iyi ndi imodzi mwa omwe amakhala ndi vuto lalitali, nthawi yawo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 10. Kukula ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zimatengera momwe amasungidwira.
Zochitika ndi chisamaliro
Mosiyana ndi malingaliro omwe alipo pofupikitsa kwa njovu, kukonzanso kwawo sikungadzetse vuto lalikulu.
Muyenera kusunga nsomba zam'madzi zazikulu - kwa munthu aliyense ayenera kukhala okwanira malita 100. Njoka zanjovu zimakonda kudumphira m'madzi am'madzi, choncho muyenera kutseka nthawi zonse ndi chivindikiro. 85% ya milandu yonse ya kufa kwa nsomba ali mu ukapolo imagwirizanitsidwa ndendende ndi chizolowezi chawo chofuna kuphukira.
Mwachilengedwe, a Mormyrs amakhala m'malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi kuwala kochepa. Amakonda kupeza pobisalira, ndipo nsonga ya zochitika imagwera madzulo ndi usiku. Chifukwa chake, samalani ndikusankha kwa mbewu zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo zoyandama. Sankhani mbewu zomwe sizikufunika kuwala kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa maluwa, samalani nyumba, mapanga, malo okhala. Itha kukhala miyala kapena miyala yamapulasitiki, yoyenera kukula. Dothi amasankha mchenga wofewa - komanso miyala yoyera. Zilibe zowonjezera kuwonjezera zinyenyeswazi za peat kwa izo. Sakani pansi mosamala zidutswa zakuthwa - siziyenera kukhala! Nsombayo imafunafuna chakudya chake, ikusunthira pansi, ndikuvulaza.
Zingwe za njovu sizimagwira bwino zitsulo. Pewani chilichonse cham chitsulo cham'madzi. Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa pansi ndi chinthu china chokongoletsera, zingakhale bwino ngati ndi snag wopangidwa ndi mtengo wachilengedwe.
M'malo omwe amakhala, nsomba amazolowera kukhala motentha, motero ndikofunikira kuti madzi azisungika kutentha mkati mwa 23-28 madigiri. Kuuma kwamadzi mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala 5-12 °, ndi acidity ya 6.5-7.0 pH. Izi nsomba samalekerera dothi, chifukwa musaiwale za kusefa ndi aeration. Muyenera kusintha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi mu aquarium sabata iliyonse, komanso kupumira pansi nthawi zonse.
Kuswana
Nsomba za njovu zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka 2-3. Yaikazi imapatsa mazira 100 mpaka 2000, omwe masabata angapo amasintha kukhala mafayilo amadzi komanso odziyimira pawokha. Koma, mwatsoka, m'malo a m'madzi simunakhalepo vuto lotetera njovu.
Kuyandikana ndi nsomba zina
Mitundu yonse ya banja la a Mormirov imawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zodekha komanso zochezeka. Simuyenera kuwakhazikitsa pamodzi ndi anansi ankhanza komanso okangalika - amadzadya chakudya ndi njovu zamanyazi, komanso zimapweteketsa.
Mphukira ya njovu imakhudzana ndi anzawo omwe amakhala nawo m'madzi mwachidwi komanso chidwi. Mukaona njovu ikukhudza imodzi mwa nsomba zinazo, musachite mantha - sizingavulaze. Ndimalakalaka kukumana nanu.
Oyandikana nawo abwino a nsomba za njovu adzakhala nsomba za gulugufe waku Africa, angelfish, synodontis cuckoo. Mwa njira, ngakhale kuli ndi chidwi, njovu sizimakhumudwitsa nsomba zazing'ono. Mphamvu yake ya electrogenicity ndi yofooka, motero siziwopseza anthu ena okhala m'madzimo.
Ndikwabwino kuti asadzipangitse a Mormirs osati awiri, koma ngati gulu la nsomba 4-5. Kupanda kutero, awiri ayamba kulimbana kwa gawo. Mwa nkhosazo, amakhala bwino, koma osayiwala kupanga malo okwanira, apo ayi amenyera nyumbayo. Komanso, mavuto amatha kubadwa ngati mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu itathetsedwa.
Feng Shui
Njovu ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za zomwe Feng Shui amaphunzitsa. M'mayiko a Asia, nyama yanzeru, yolimbayi imalemekezedwa. Ku Buddha, njovu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zopatulika. Osatinso pachabe. Kupatula apo, chithunzi cha njovu chomwe chili mnyumbamo chimatha kusintha moyo wa mwini wakeyo kuti ukhale wabwino. Nanga zifanizo za njovu ndi ziti, ndipo ndibwino kuziyika kuti kukopa zabwino zonse mnyumbamo?
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Nsomba za njovu ndi nsomba yolimba komanso yosalekeza. Nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda. Koma, monga nsomba zambiri zam'madzi, imatha kupatsirana ndi ichthyophthyroidism, kapena, monga am'madzi amatcha matenda, semolina.
Chovuta ndichakuti njovu sizilekerera mankhwala - ngakhale mchere kwa iwo ungakhale woopsa.Ngati mukuwona kuwonetsa matendawa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosulira madzi komanso, yothandiza kwambiri, kukweza kutentha mu aquarium.
Monga mukuwonera, nsomba zodabwitsa komanso zokongola kwambiri izi sizitha kukhazikika m'madzi otentha okhaokha ndi dzuwa la ku Africa, komanso mu malo anu am'madzi. Kodi mukufuna kuti chiweto chanu chizikula mwakachetechete ndikukula zaka? Chilichonse chili m'manja mwanu - ingotsatira malamulowo ndikulabadira chiweto chanu.
Ubwino wa chithunzi cha njovu ku feng shui
Kodi njovu ili mnyumbamo ikuimira chiyani? Makhalidwe ambiri amadziwika ndi njovu, izi ndi zazikulu:
- Nzeru, chipiriro, kukoma mtima, kulimba, kufuna mtendere.
- Kusasunthika, kudalirika, ndikukhala bwino pamagawo onse amoyo.
- Zabwino zonse, chipiriro, moyo wautali.
Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe omwe ali pamwambapa, chithunzi cha njovu chimatha kukopa chuma chambiri m'nyumba, monga momwe njovu yamoyo imatungira madzi mothandizidwa ndi thunthu.
Ngakhale njovu yaying'ono imatha kubweretsa kukhulupirirana, chikondi, mgwirizano ndi kutentha m'nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, fano lotere limapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri, zomwe mu chiphunzitso cha Feng Shui chimatchedwa Qi mphamvu.
Njovu, yoikidwa pamalo otchuka m'nyumba mwanu, imatha kuteteza mabanja ku mphamvu zoyipa, kuthetsa mavuto ndi mikangano yomwe imapezeka m'banjamo. Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikiro ichi cha Feng Shui ndichopanga chenicheni cha zabwino komanso kukhazikika.
Popeza njovu ndi nyama yomwe imayimirira mwamphamvu pamapazi ake, njovu imatha kupanga maziko olimba a moyo wokhazikika.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa, amakhulupirira kuti mascot a njovu amatha kuthandiza eni ake kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito ndalama mwachangu.
Amakhulupilira kuti njovu yokhala ndi thunthu lokwezedwa ndikugwada imalonjeza chuma, komanso mtengo wopendekera - umayi.
Mutha kukhazikitsa nambala imodzi kapena zingapo mnyumba. Kodi kuchuluka kwa njovu kumatanthauza chiyani?
- 1 njovu. Amatha kuwonjezera chithumwa kwa eni ake, limbitsa chikhulupiriro mwa mphamvu zawo.
- Njovu ziwiri. Amathandizira kukumana ndi wokondedwa.
- Njovu zitatu. Thandizani mawonekedwe a mwana.
- 4 njovu. Amalonjeza kukhazikika ndi chuma kwa mbuye wawo.
- Njovu zisanu. Amathandizira kuyambitsa bizinesi yatsopano, kusiya zizolowezi zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Njovu 6. Amathandizira kupeza zabwino zonse mchikondi.
- 7 njovu. 7 - manambala amatsenga paziphunzitso zambiri, kuphatikiza Feng Shui. 7 njovu amatanthauza chikho chokwanira bwino. Ndiye kuti, kukwaniritsidwa kwa zokhumba zonse za mwiniwake, kuthandizira pachilichonse komanso nthawi zonse.
- 8 njovu. Athandizira kukana zopweteka zamtsogolo.
- 9 njovu. Amatha kuthandizira pakukula kwa luntha. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukhazikitsa njovu 9 m'chipinda cha ana kuti muthandize mwana kuphunzira.
- 10 njovu. Amalonjeza kusintha kwa moyo kukhala wabwino.
- 11 njovu. Amathandizira kupeza nyonga ndi thanzi.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kukhazikitsa zifanizo zokulirapo, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zonse ndizabwino pang'ono.
Kodi ziboliboli za njovu ndi ziti?
Ngati mungayang'ane m'masitolo okhala ndi Feng Shui kamodzi, mutha kudzionera nokha kuti pali zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi njovu. Amasiyana bwanji wina ndi mnzake, ndipo ndibwino kupeza chiyani?
- Chithunzi cha njovu yoyera. Chizindikiro ichi adapangira kuti ateteze banja lomwe likupezeka. Wokhoza kuteteza nyumba kuti isatuluke mphamvu zoyipa, bweretsani zabwino.
- Chithunzi cha njovu chokhala ndi mwana wa njovu. Chithumwa choterocho chimayenera kugulidwa ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ana. Alonjeza kukhala mayi wopambana. Ngati banja lili ndi ana kale, chithunzi chotere chimatha kuwateteza pamavuto onse ndi zolephera. Kuphatikiza apo, njovu ndi njovu imathandizira kukonza ubale ndi anthu am'banja.
- Chithunzi cha njovu zitatu. Ikufanizira zinthu zitatu - lapansi, thambo, munthu. Mwa kukhazikitsa chiwerengero chotere kunyumba, mutha kukwaniritsa mgwirizano pazinthu zonse za moyo.
- Chithunzi cha njovu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Amalonjeza kukhala ndi chilichonse chabwino. Makamaka, m'magawo 7 a moyo - moyo wautali, mwayi, chikondi, thanzi labwino, chisangalalo chachikulu, chuma komanso kumvetsetsa ndi okondedwa.
- Chithunzi cha njovu chokhala ndi zizindikilo zina za Feng Shui. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza zilembo zingapo kumapereka zonse zabwino kwa mwini wake, ndibwino kukhazikitsa zazithunzizi mosiyana ndi mzake.
- Chithunzi cha njovu chokhala ndi thunthu lopukutidwa komanso lokwera. Zimakopa chuma ndi mwayi wabwino kunyumba ya mbuye wake.
- Chithunzi cha njovu, chomwe chimayima pandalama za golide. Mascot otchuka kwambiri pakati pa omwe akufuna kuwonjezera thanzi lawo. Chithunzi choterechi chimatha kubweretsa chuma chenicheni komanso kukhazikika mnyumbamo.
- Chithunzi cha njovu chochokera ku minyanga ya njovu. Fano loterolo limawonedwa ngati losayenera. Mukayikhazikitsa mnyumba mutha kupeza zotsatirapo zake. Njovu imayamba kubwezera komanso kukoka mphamvu munyumba. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika.
- Chithunzi cha njovu chokhala ndi thunthu lopachikika. Malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwina, kumatanthauza kukhala mayi wachimwemwe. Kwa ena, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa. Momwe zifanizirazo zimachitikira mnyumba mwanu sizikudziwika. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusamala naye. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ana, ndibwino kungokhala pazithunzi za njovu.
Momwe mungapangire zifanizo za njovu
Si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti munthu akagwiritse ntchito mbuye wake moyenera, ayenera kuyambitsa, kutanthauza kuti, ayambe kugwira ntchito. Kodi njira zochitira izi ndi ziti?
- Mangani zodzikongoletsera zina m'khosi mwa njovu. Mwachitsanzo, unyolo kapena mikanda. Njovu zimakonda zokongoletsera, ndipo zidzayamika mbuye wawo, yemwe adazikongoletsa.
- Ikani chifaniziro cha njovu pa chopukutira chowoneka bwino. Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mukasoka chigoba kapena kudzipukutira pang'ono. Choyamba, njovu zimakonda chilichonse chowala. Kachiwiri, chinthu chopangidwa ndi manja chidzakhala chokwanira ndi mphamvu zanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njovu imve zomwe mukufuna komanso zosowa zanu.
- Lankhulani ndi fanizo la njovu. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kukhala kunyumba nokha, mutha kuyankhula ndi fano, kupukuta fumbi kuchokera, mwachitsanzo. Gawani mavuto anu ndi njovu, fotokozerani zokhumba zanu mokweza, kenako chithunzichi chikuyankha mwachangu pazopempha zanu.
Komwe mungayikepo fano la njovu
Zimatengera komwe mumakhazikitsa zomwe mwapeza komanso zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wanu.
- Zikatero, ngati mukufuna kubweretsa zabwino zonse ndi nyumba yanu, ikani njovu pawindo, thunthu mumsewu. Mwakutero, njovu itero, ili ngati mtengo kuti ipeze mwayi wabwino kuchokera kunja ndikupatseni. Komabe, kumbukirani, mutangomva zopindulitsa ndi ziwerengero, muyenera kutembenuza njovu mwachangu ndi nyumba yanu. Chifukwa chake, mumasunga mphamvu zabwino zomwe njovu imakunyumba.
- Ngati mukuopa alendo osasangalatsa omwe amabweretsa umbuli kunyumba kwanu, ikani zifanizo ziwiri za njovu moyang'anizana ndi khomo lakutsogolo kuti akuwoneka ngati akuyang'ana pakhomo. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuteteza nyumba yanu ku mphamvu zoyipa.
- Ngati m'nyumba mwanu muli ngodya zambiri, nyumba yanu imatha kudzazidwa ndi mphamvu zambiri - Sha. Kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a ngodya zakuthwa, khalani patsogolo pawo ngati chithunzi cha njovu. Ndipo mphamvu zonse zopanda pake zidzawonongedwa.
- Zikatero, ngati mukufuna, mothandizidwa ndi njovu, kuti mupeze ndalama zokhazikika, ndikofunikira "kukhazikitsa" njovu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumba yanu.
- Kuti muthandizire mutu wa banja kapena kukopa wolondolera wamphamvu m'banjamo, ikani chifaniziro cha njovu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu.
- Pofuna kulimbitsa ubale wabanja, onjezerani chikondi ndi kukhulupirika kwa iwo, ikani ziwerengero ziwiri za njovu pampando wogona pabedi lanu. Kusintha sikuchedwa kukhudza!
- Mukayika chithunzi cha njovu muofesi yanu patebulo, mudzazindikira kuti mwayamba kuchita bwino kwambiri pantchito zanu zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, njovu yomwe ili pa desktop imatha kuteteza mwiniwake ku mphamvu zoyipa kuchokera kwa ogwira nawo ntchito komanso oyang'anira.
- Kuti muwonjezere ntchito ya mwana ndikusangalatsa zabwino zake, ikani chithunzi cha njovu m'chipinda cha ana. Iyenera kuyikidwa patebulo pomwe mwanayo akuchita.
- Kupititsa patsogolo thanzi labwino, ikani chifanizo cha njovu kum'mawa kwa nyumba yanu.
- Ngati m'nyumba yanu kapena nyumba yanu muli malo omwe zinthu zambiri zimadzisonkhanira, ndiye kuti mwina pali kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoyipa za Sha pamalo amodzi. Pofuna kuti zisasokoneze zomwe zimabweretsa m'mabanja anu, ikani chithunzi cha njovu m'malo ano.
- Ngati mukufuna kuti njovu yanu ikhale "yogwira" nthawi zonse kuti ibweretse zabwino zanu, bweretsani mwayi wokha, kupambana, thanzi komanso kukhala ndi chuma, komanso osakhala ndi mphamvu, osayika chifaniziro mumalo amdima ndi malo amdima, m'malo oyipa, pafupi ndi bulangeti yokhadzulidwa, matako osweka, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe zinthu zopanda ntchito zofunika kukonzanso ziyenera kupezeka pafupi ndi njovu. Zinthu zonsezi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zopanda pake mkati mwake, zomwe zimatha kutaya mphamvu za Qi.
Mukangowerenga zonse zomwe zaperekedwa, mwina mwaganizapo chifukwa chomwe mukufunira fanizo la njovu, mudzalipeze ndi chiyani, ndi gawo liti la nyumba yanu yomwe mungayikemo. Musaiwale kutsegula, ndikuyeretsa ngati fumbi munthawi yake. Kenako njovu ibweretsadi madalitso onse omwe amapezeka padziko lapansi! Zabwino zonse ndi chitukuko!
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Gnathonemus petersii - Mitundu yosamalira. Chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri cha anthu ndi 6 kapena 7. Ndi magulu ochepa, nsomba zimakhala zopanda nkhawa ndipo zimatha kuwonetsa kukwiya.
The aquarium ndiyofunika lalikulu. Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kuchuluka kwa anthu, koma sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 100 × 45 × 45 cm. Kukula kwake kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa njovu zimatha kudumphira m'madzi.
Magawo amadzi
Nsomba za njovu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mpweya wambiri, momwe madzi amapangira, makamaka ku ma nitrate. Chifukwa chake, mwini wake ayenera kukhala ndi madzi osasunthika. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhazikitsa fyuluta yabwino, koma osapanga zotsatira za mphamvu yamakono, komanso dongosolo lothandizira. Onetsetsani kuti sabata iliyonse madzi amasinthidwa ndi 1/3, dothi limathandizidwa ndi siphon, popeza ammonia ambiri amadziunjikira m'dera loyandikira-chifukwa cha zinyalala za chakudya ndi zinyalala za ziweto.
Magawo abwino am'madzi:
- kutentha - kuyambira +24 mpaka + 28 ° C,
- kuuma - kuyambira magawo 5 mpaka 15,
- acidity ili pafupi 7 pH.
Popeza njovu ndi nsomba zausiku zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ovuta, kuunikaku kuyenera kuzima.
Zomera ndi Zokongoletsa
Kwa nsomba za njovu, ndikofunikira kupangira m'madzimo madzi am'madzi kuti malo azachilengedwe azipezeka omwe ali pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Mu aquarium muyenera kukhala zomera zambiri komanso malo okhala osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kuti aliyense akhale ndi malo okhala: izi zingapewe kugawanitsa madera awo.
Nthaka yomwe muyenera kusankha yosalala, yamchenga. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kuwononga thunthu la nsomba, chifukwa chomwe sichingadye, zimafa chifukwa chotopa.
Peters njovu imakhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kwazitsulo m'madzi, chifukwa chake, zitsulo pazokongoletsera siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza aquarium.
Kuswana
Kutha msambo kumachitika zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Kubalana kumachitika pokhapokha ngati mwachilengedwe. Yaikazi imatha kuyikira mazira 2,000. The mwachangu zimawonekera pafupi 2 milungu.
Kubala nsomba kunyumba ndizosatheka. Amuna ndi akazi omwe samayamba kuwaza. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chakusokonekera kwamphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha makoma amadzi am'magalasi. Anthu omwe atha kugonana nawo samamverana.
Matenda ndi Kuteteza
Ndi njovu zingati zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi komanso chisamaliro. Koma chiyembekezero chamoyo chambiri m'madzi am'madzi ndi zaka 8 - 10.
Chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino, nsomba zimatha kugwira matenda opatsirana. Kuchiza kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chakuti nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatengeka kwambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha maantibayotiki.
Kupewa kwamatenda ndikusunga bwino zachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuti madzi azisungika bwino, ndikuthira bwino ziweto zanu.
Njovu ya Nile - chiweto chowoneka bwino chomwe chimatha kukongoletsa aquarium iliyonse. Mkhalidwe waukulu wamoyo wautali komanso wathanzi ndi wosavuta, koma chisamaliro chofunikira.
Njovu Za Njovu - Zida Zonse Zodabwitsa
Gnathonemus petersii nsomba za njovu kapena njovu ya Nile imakukwanirani ngati mukuyang'ana nsomba zowoneka bwino za ku aquarium, zomwe sizili konse mu aquarium.
Milomo yake yapansi, yomwe imawoneka ngati thunthu la njovu, imamupangitsa kukhala wodabwitsa, koma amakhalanso wosangalatsa pamakhalidwe ake.
Ngakhale nsomba za mendulo za ku aquarium zimatha kukhala zamanyazi komanso zamanyazi, koma poyang'anira ndi kusamalira moyenera, zimayamba kugwira ntchito komanso kuonekera.
Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika kukhala ndi nsomba za njovu, ndipo ndizosowa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa iwo kuti m'madzimo muli dothi lofewa momwe amakumba kufunafuna chakudya. Kuwala kotsika ndikofunikanso, ndipo nthawi zambiri amavutika m'mizinda yam'madzi ndi zowala zowala.
Ngati palibe njira yochepetsera kukula, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga malo okhala komanso makona amthunzi.
Komanso, nsomba za njovu zimakonda kwambiri madzi kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa madzi m'tawuni, ku Germany ndi USA. Pansi pa malo oyenera, amasanduka malo okongola am'madzi, makamaka m'mizinda yopanga mizere yaku Africa.
Nsomba za njovu zimatulutsa minda yamagetsi yofooka, yomwe samateteza, koma kuyang'ana m'malo, yopeza abwenzi ndi chakudya.
Alinso ndi ubongo waukulu kwambiri, wolingana ndendende ndi ubongo wa munthu.
Njovu zanjovu - wokhala mosazungulira wokhala m'madzi
Maonekedwe achilendo ndi machitidwe ambiri osangalatsa amaphatikiza Elephant Fish kapena Gnathonemus petersii. Ziwetozi ndizopanda chidwi ndi zomwe zili: zimakonda malo obisika, osamala kwambiri ndi madzi.
Pofuna kuyang'ana malo mlengalenga, njovu ya ku Nile imaberekanso mphamvu zamagetsi.
Maziko okonza ndi kusamalira ma aquarium
- Njovu ya ku Nile ndi yamtundu wamthumba, chifukwa zimatenga anthu atatu kapena 7, zochulukirapo zitha kuchitika, koma kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo nyama kuyenera kupitirira 200 malita.
- Ma aquarium ndi amthunzi, magetsi ochepera-watt amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa, koma ndibwino kuphimba ngakhale mphezi zawo ndi algae yoyandama. Zomera pazosungiramo zotere ndikwabwino kuti musankhe mawonekedwe okonda mthunzi. Kuwala kowala kumayambitsa kupsinjika ku Ubang ndipo kumatha kuwononga. Akatswiri amaika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa pansi: miyala, driftwood, mumthunzi momwe ziweto zamanyazi zibisalira.
- Nsomba za njovu zimagwira usiku, zikusewera mosatulutsa, nthawi zina zimadumphira m'madzi. Madzi akuyenera kuphimbidwa.
- Maonekedwe a chakudya amafunika dothi lapadera. Pofuna kusankha Njovu zimakondwera kudziguguda, zimangosala mchira pamwamba.
- Pophwanya chikhalidwe chachilengedwe chachilengedwechi, nsomba zimayamba kupweteka. Kuchiza ndikovuta, kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Ngakhale Mlingo wocheperako umapha ziweto zodwala.
- Zomwe zikuwonekera ndi kutentha kwa malowa nthawi zonse zizigwirizana ndi izi:
- + 22 ... + 28 ° С,
- 5-15 ° dH,
- 6.0-7.5 pH.
- Madzi amatetezedwa kuti asinthidwe. Mankhwala omwe amathandizira kukonza madzi apampopi ndi owopsa kwa nsomba. Sabata lililonse 30% ya kuchuluka kwa thankiyo, musanayankhe dothi.
- Njira zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zosefera ndizofunikira kuzisungirako ndi Ubangs.
Mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe achilendo adatsogolera kutchuka kwa mitunduyo. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mizinda yam'madzi komanso m'malo osungira anthu wamba. Kugawa kwambiri kumalepheretsa chidwi chakuti kubereka mwaubwino sikungatheke.
Zosangalatsa
Mtundu uliwonse wosowa umazunguliridwa ndi nthano zambiri. Ma gnatonemes nawonso ndi osiyana, ndi a banja losowa la anthu okhala mumtsinje, chifukwa chake sawerengeka. Amakhala ovuta kugwira maukonde kapena ndodo za nsomba chifukwa chakutha kupeza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nsomba zizigwira kayendedwe ka mchenga.
Zambiri za Ubangi:
- Mwacitsandzo, Aluya akhagopa mwakukhonda dziwa ntsomba ineyi. Amakhulupirira kuti amawona ndi mchira wake.
- Anthu aku America ndi ku Germany amatenga njovu ya Nile kuti imayese ngati madzi ali bwino.
- Ngati tiyerekeza ubongo wamunthu ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa nsomba, zimapezeka kuti ndi ofanana kukula.
Njovu kapena njovu ya Nile mu dziwe lanyumba
Chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa nthumwi iyi ya banja la a Mormirov, simumachiwona m'mazitape, koma, pazifukwa zina, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa asitikali am'madzi. Chosangalatsa: chifukwa cha chidwi chake chapadera, mothandizidwa ndi nsomba za njovu, amayang'ana mtundu wamadzi mu machitidwe amatauni ku USA ndi Germany. Kuchokera kwa oimira ena a aquarium fauna, nsomba zimasiyanitsidwanso ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo ndi mawonekedwe ake opindika.
Njovu ya Nile
Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, Gnathonemus petersii amakhala m'madzi okhala pakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Africa. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kupezeka mumitsinje ya Niger, Chari, Ogun, m'malo otetezedwa ndi madzi mumadzi amatope osaya kwambiri.
M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba za njovu nthawi zambiri zimakula mpaka 25 cm, koma m'mapangidwe opanga kukula kwake sizichulukirapo masentimita 15. Njovu ya Nile ndi ya asarium centenarians: nthawi yayitali imasiyana kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 10. Ndipo pa imodzi mwa mabungwe olankhula Chingerezi pali nkhani yonena za Gnathonemus petersii, yemwe wakhala zaka 26.
Zochitika Pazikhalidwe ndi Kuyandikana
Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mu Gnathonemus petersii sizibweretsa zovuta zapadera, popeza amadziwika kuti ndi amtendere. Amakhala odekha pamtundu wina. Zowona, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, ngakhale ali mwamtendere, nsomba izi ndi mitundu yamtunda. Chifukwa chake, ngati sangakhale ndi malo okwanira okhala, mukuwopsezedwa ndi ma skrasishes a intraspecific.
Popeza m'malo mwachilengedwe "njovu" zimasungidwa zoweta, ndibwino kutuluka anthu angapo m'madzi. Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri ndi zidutswa 5-7. Khalidwe la nsomba za njovu limadziwika ndi kuyeza komanso kusangalala, chifukwa chake sikofunikira kusunga oimira magulu achifwamba ovinidwa omwe angasiye njovu za Nile popanda chakudya.
Pafupifupi nsomba zilizonse zotentha zimakhala oyandikana nawo: angelfish, catfish change, Congo, nsomba ya gulugufe, chophimba cha synodontis.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mbali yapadera ya nsomba za njovu, zomwe zimapezeka kuti zimadzipezera chakudya, zatchulidwa pamwambapa, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi ndi "thunthu" lake losunthika, lomwe limasunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Munthawi yachilengedwe, tizilombo tambiri timakhala chakudya cha Gnathonemus petersii, kotero njira yabwino ndikuyipatsa chakudya chamtengo. Mu aquarium, nsomba mosangalala zimatenga mazira ndi magazi, koma sizingakane mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka pansi.
Njovu Njovu kapena Njovu ya Nile (Gnathonemus petersii)
Njovu kapena Njovu ya ku Nile (Gnathonemus petersii)
Banja: Mormyridae.
Gnathonemus petersii (pamwambapa) ndi Campylomormyrus tamandua
Nsomba za njovu ndi nsomba yaku Africa yokhala ndi thupi lopanda matupi, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri mumakongoletsedwe am'madzi okongola.
Habitat: Imafalitsidwa mchigawo chapakati komanso chakumadzulo kwa Africa; idalembedwa ku Mali, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Republic of Congo ndi Zambia - m'mitsinje ya Chari, Ogun, Niger. Amakonda yokutidwa ndi masamba amitsinje yam'mitsinje yoyenda yaying'ono komanso yamatope, madzi amdima.
Kufotokozera: thupi kutalika, pambuyo pake kukakamiza. Palibe zipsepse zamkati, zipsepse zamatumbo ndizambiri, zipsepse ndi ma anal zimakhala zozungulira ndipo zimapezeka pafupi ndi mchira wofunda. Mgwirizano wamthupi ndi ndalama za caudal ndizochepa kwambiri.
Chomwe chimadziwika ndi nsomba ndi "kamwa", kapena kuti mlomo wam'munsi mwa mawonekedwe a phenoscis, ndikuwapatsa kufanana ndi njovu.
Chiwalochi chimakhala ndi mapeto amitsempha yambiri ndipo chimatha kupanga zofooka zamagetsi, zomwe zimaloleza kuti nsomba ziziyenda mumadzi akuda, kufunafuna chakudya, mnzanu ndikuwona zoopsa.
Mtundu wakuda ndi woderapo, pafupifupi wakuda. Pazowunikira zina, imatha kuvekera ndi mabala a violet. Zipsepse zamkati ndi ma anal mbali zonse ziwiri zimalumikiza zipilala ziwiri zowala bwino.
Kusiyana kwa kugonana sikufotokozedwa bwino. Akazi ndi okulirapo, amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira.
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba za njovu zimatha kukula mpaka 25 cm, koma munyumba yosungirako, kukula kwake sikukula kupitirira 15 cm.
Ma albino mawonekedwe a njovu ya Nile.
Magawo ndi makonzedwe a malo am'madzi: ndibwino kusungitsa gulu la anthu osachepera 3-4, koma ndibwino 5-7. Mukakhala pagulu lalikulupo, nsomba zimakhala momasuka ndipo sizichedwa kuwonetsa. Mukufunika malo oyambira - kuchokera ku malita 200 okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu (100x45x45 cm), zokulira gulu la nsomba, lomwe likukulanso.
Pamafunika kuyatsa kapena kufota kuti kupatse Njovu Njovu (Gnathonemus petersii) khalani otetezeka. Imafunikira malo okhala, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kufanana kapena kupitilira kuchuluka kwa nsomba - miyala yosalala, mitengo ya driftwood ndi mbewu zomwe zitha kukhala moyo m'malo otsika kwambiri, monga Anubias, Microsorium ferns, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito Wallisneria.
Monga gawo lapansi, mchenga kapena dothi lina lofewa limafunikira, izi ndizofunikira kuti zitheke mwadongosolo lamtunduwu, mwinanso nsomba zimatha kuwononga mlomo wamphepete wam'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudyetsa. Madzi am'madzi amafunikira ndi chivindikiro; nsomba za njovu zimatha kudumphira m'madzi.
Magawo Amadzi: 23-28 ° C, dGH 5-15, pH 6.0-7.5.
Zosefera ndi aeration ndizofunikira, zowona kwambiri ndi mtundu wamadzi, gawo limodzi lachitatu lomwe liyenera kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse.
Monga nsomba zina "zamaliseche", nsomba za njovu zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ambiri am'madzi, kuphatikizapo mchere.
Wofatsa ndi wamtendere, koma malo. Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zamtundu uliwonse wotentha, zopanda malo okhala, ma skrasquific osatsimikizika ndi osapeweka. Sayenera kukhazikika ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri kapena zamtopola, chifukwa sangathe kupikisana nazo akamadyetsa.
Gulu la biotope lomwe lili ndi mitundu ina ya ku Africa monga Butterfly Fish, Congo Tetra, Synodontis Som ndi Ktenopoma ndi loyenera.
African biotope mu aquarium.
G. petersii amathanso kukhala bwino ndi ma cichlids amtendere, mitundu ina ya Geophagus ndi Scalaria.
Chakudya: M'madzi am'madzi, nsomba za njovu ndizosasamala ndipo zimatenga chakudya chouma, chamoyo ndi chouma. Amakonzekeretsa nyongolotsi zam'magazi, machubu.
Nthawi zina mumatha kusinthitsa menyu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nyama kapena nsomba yokonda. Chakudyacho chimasonkhanitsa pansi, choyamba chimaponyera chakumwambacho, kenako ndikuchiyamwa.
Njovu ya ku Nile ndiyosachedwa ndipo satha kupikisana ndi anansi omwe akugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi chakudya, motero ndikofunikira kuwona kuti amalandila chakudya chokwanira.
Ntchito: Amakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Mwanthawi yachilengedwe, mkazi amatha kusesa mazira 2000, pomwe amathira pambuyo masiku masiku 10-15. Pakadali pano, sipanakhalepo milandu yopambana ya usodzi wa nsomba mu aquarium.
Njovu Njovu (Gnathonemus petersii) malinga ndi kulengedwa kwa zinthu zabwino, atha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Njovu
Nsomba za njovu, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti Njovu ya Nile ndi Peters gnatonem, ndiz nsomba zakunja zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'midzi yakunyumba. Mawonekedwe - mlomo wapansi wamtunda, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zakudya komanso kulumikizana ndi abale. Makhalidwe a oimira amtunduwu ndiwofatsa komanso amanyazi, koma ndi zomwe zili zolondola, ziweto ndizolimbikira. Njovu zimaganizira kwambiri momwe zimakhalira m'madzi, kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zamadzi.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Momwe mungasiyanitsire wamwamuna ndi wamkazi sizikudziwika. Itha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yopangidwa, koma njirayi siyabwino kwenikweni kwa akatswiri wamba ammadzi.
Kuswana
Nsomba za njovu sizimaleredwa muukapolo ndipo zimachokera ku chilengedwe.
Kafukufuku wina wasayansi, adanenanso kuti zomwe zili mu ukapolo zimasokoneza zokoka za nsomba ndipo sizingadziwitse mnzakeyo.
Njovu zanjovu - wokhala mosazungulira wokhala m'madzi
Maonekedwe achilendo ndi machitidwe ambiri osangalatsa amaphatikiza Elephant Fish kapena Gnathonemus petersii. Ziwetozi ndizopanda chidwi ndi zomwe zili: zimakonda malo obisika, osamala kwambiri ndi madzi.
Pofuna kuyang'ana malo mlengalenga, njovu ya ku Nile imaberekanso mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kufotokozera ndi malo okhala
Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu cha okhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi mtengo wa njovu. Mlomo wotsika kwambiri wa Gnatonem Peters umachititsanso mgwirizano ndi imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu kwambiri.
Njovu ikamafotokozanso za gulu lopapatiza la suborm Mormovirus. Amalumikizidwa ndi ubongo womwe wakula komanso ziwalo zomwe zimapanga magawo wamagetsi. Kuti chophimba thupi la nsomba chimapakidwa utoto. Thupi lopindika lopindika, pambuyo pake, limaloleza kuthamanga kwambiri. Pafupifupi pafupi ndi mphiri, pali wakuda pathupi lomwe limadutsa chingwe choyera. Kutalika kwa munthu mwachilengedwe kumafika masentimita 23. Ziweto za Aquarium sizikulira kuposa masentimita 16. Palibe zachiberekero zam'mimba, chifuwa ndizokwera.
Awa ndi nyama zolusa zomwe mano awo ali palilime. Mothandizidwa ndi mtengo, iwo amakumba pansi pamatope posaka ma invertebrates. Amakhala m'matumba, zilulu zimakhala zankhanza ndipo sizikhala motalika.
Habitat - zigawo zakumadzulo komanso pakati pa Africa. Pali nsomba m'mitsinje ya Niger ndi Congo, komanso ku Lake Tanganyika. Mwachilengedwe, amasankha madera omwe ali ndi zofowoka komanso malo owaza am'madzi.
Pachimake pazilala za njovu ya Nile zimagwera nthawi yausiku, ndipo umaphulika limodzi ndi maluwa ake pansi pamtsinje ndikuchotsa chakudya. Madzi a Turbid amabisala kwa adani achilengedwe. Zamoyo zotere sizimathandizira kukulitsa ziwalo zamawonedwe, chifukwa chake, poyang'anira malo, nsomba zimagwiritsa ntchito malo osankhidwa ndi magetsi.
Maziko okonza ndi kusamalira ma aquarium
- Njovu ya ku Nile ndi yamtundu wamthumba, chifukwa zimatenga anthu atatu kapena 7, zochulukirapo zitha kuchitika, koma kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo nyama kuyenera kupitirira 200 malita.
- Ma aquarium ndi amthunzi, magetsi ochepera-watt amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa, koma ndibwino kuphimba ngakhale mphezi zawo ndi algae yoyandama. Zomera pazosungiramo zotere ndikwabwino kuti musankhe mawonekedwe okonda mthunzi. Kuwala kowala kumayambitsa kupsinjika ku Ubang ndipo kumatha kuwononga. Akatswiri amaika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa pansi: miyala, driftwood, mumthunzi momwe ziweto zamanyazi zibisalira.
- Nsomba za njovu zimagwira usiku, zikusewera mosatulutsa, nthawi zina zimadumphira m'madzi. Madzi akuyenera kuphimbidwa.
- Maonekedwe a chakudya amafunika dothi lapadera. Pofuna kusankha Njovu zimakondwera kudziguguda, zimangosala mchira pamwamba.
- Pophwanya chikhalidwe chachilengedwe chachilengedwechi, nsomba zimayamba kupweteka. Kuchiza ndikovuta, kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Ngakhale Mlingo wocheperako umapha ziweto zodwala.
- Zomwe zikuwonekera ndi kutentha kwa malowa nthawi zonse zizigwirizana ndi izi:
- + 22 ... + 28 ° С,
- 5-15 ° dH,
- 6.0-7.5 pH.
- Madzi amatetezedwa kuti asinthidwe. Mankhwala omwe amathandizira kukonza madzi apampopi ndi owopsa kwa nsomba. Sabata lililonse 30% ya kuchuluka kwa thankiyo, musanayankhe dothi.
- Njira zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zosefera ndizofunikira kuzisungirako ndi Ubangs.
Mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe achilendo adatsogolera kutchuka kwa mitunduyo. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mizinda yam'madzi komanso m'malo osungira anthu wamba. Kugawa kwambiri kumalepheretsa chidwi chakuti kubereka mwaubwino sikungatheke.
Kugwirizana
Kuyambitsa Gnatonem Peters kwa anansi ndi njira yosangalatsa. Nsombazo zimasambira kupita kwa okhala kumene ndipo zimagwira thunthu lawo. Zoyatsira zamagetsi ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sizingavulaze aliyense.
Wokhala modekha wokhala m'madzi amakhala wolimbirana, koma pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi anthu amtundu wake womwe amakhala.
Ngati nsomba ya Njovu ikhala mu paketi (kuchokera kwa anthu 4 komanso pamtunda), ndiye kuti sizovuta kulingalira mnansi wamtendere kwambiri.
Nsomba zina zokongola zimatha kusiya Ubang popanda chakudya. Mikangano ndi oimira mitundu ina imangochitika pokhapokha ngati iwowo angayambitse mkwiyo wawo.
Chifukwa chake, musakhale ndi nsomba za Njovu komanso nzika zankhanza komanso okangalika kwambiri:
- nsomba gulugufe
- Kongo
- synodontis cuckoos ndi chophimba,
- scalars
- nsomba zamatchire
- African and South America cichlids.
Ngati anthu oyandikana nawo alibe nkhawa ndi Ubang, ndiye kuti atha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu okhala pansi pamadzi chifukwa cha okonda mtendere komanso wamanyazi.
Kuwona momwe ziweto zimakhalira pakuwala. M'malo otetezeka choncho, a Njovu amadyetsa, motero adzagwidwa. Mwakuwala kowala, amabisala pansi pa snag kapena mwala ndipo amakhala pamenepo mpaka kumdima. Amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa machubu opanda kanthu mu aquarium; oimira mtunduwu amawakonda.
Kudyetsa
Njovu za njovu - wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi pansi pamadzi. Amadya pang'onopang'ono, osathamanga, motero mitundu ina imatha kupangitsa kuti adye.
Chopata chomakula chimalola ziweto kuzindikira ambuye awo ndipo pakapita kanthawi azidya kuchokera m'manja mwawo. Ena amayeseza kudya ndi ma tweezers.
Mutha kusisita nsomba ndi wopanga chitoliro ndi nyini yamagazi, ndipo amadya chakudya wamba. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona njira yodzidyetsera. Mbidzi ya njovu ya ku Nail ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yosamala, ikasaka chakudya, imaphulika pansi, ikuponya mphutsi zomwe zikubisala kwa anthu ena okhala mderalo. Msombayo amadya chakudya chakutha.
Kuswana
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba imaberekana mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Ophunzira amafikira kutha msinkhu pofika zaka ziwiri. Pakutulutsa koyamba, wamkazi amayikira mazira 2000. Pakatha milungu iwiri, ana akuwonekera. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba, mwachangu amadziyimira pawokha, amadzipezera yekha chakudya ndipo amatha kubisala kwa adani.
A ku ndende, njovu ya ku Nile siibereka konse. Asayansi amafotokoza izi poona kuti, mkati mwa pulani yopanga, mphamvu yamagetsi imasokonekera ndikufooka, chifukwa chomwe champhongo sichitha kupeza mnzake.
Ngakhale mpaka pano, ichthyologists zalephera kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Amaganiziridwa kuti izi zitha kuchitika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi nsomba, koma palibe umboni wa sayansi wotsimikiza izi.
Nsomba zamtunduwu zimachokera ku malo achilengedwe, motero zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zosowa.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Mavuto ena pakusamalira ndi kudyetsa njovu za mu Nile zimakwanira chifukwa chokana matenda. Chitetezo champhamvu chimateteza nsomba ku matenda ambiri, ndipo chisamaliro choyenera, ziweto zimakhala ndi zaka 10, nthawi zina zochulukirapo.
Matenda okha omwe ali oopsa kwa Ubang ndi semolina kapena ichthyophthyroidism. Poganizira kuti mitundu iyi ya mankhwala silivomereza kwenikweni, chithandizo chimachitika ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera kusefedwa.
Zosangalatsa
Mtundu uliwonse wosowa umazunguliridwa ndi nthano zambiri.Ma gnatonemes nawonso ndi osiyana, ndi a banja losowa la anthu okhala mumtsinje, chifukwa chake sawerengeka. Amakhala ovuta kugwira maukonde kapena ndodo za nsomba chifukwa chakutha kupeza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nsomba zizigwira kayendedwe ka mchenga.
Zambiri za Ubangi:
- Mwacitsandzo, Aluya akhagopa mwakukhonda dziwa ntsomba ineyi. Amakhulupirira kuti amawona ndi mchira wake.
- Anthu aku America ndi ku Germany amatenga njovu ya Nile kuti imayese ngati madzi ali bwino.
- Ngati tiyerekeza ubongo wamunthu ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa nsomba, zimapezeka kuti ndi ofanana kukula.
Njovu kapena njovu ya Nile mu dziwe lanyumba
Chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa nthumwi iyi ya banja la a Mormirov, simumachiwona m'mazitape, koma, pazifukwa zina, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa asitikali am'madzi. Chosangalatsa: chifukwa cha chidwi chake chapadera, mothandizidwa ndi nsomba za njovu, amayang'ana mtundu wamadzi mu machitidwe amatauni ku USA ndi Germany. Kuchokera kwa oimira ena a aquarium fauna, nsomba zimasiyanitsidwanso ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo ndi mawonekedwe ake opindika.
Njovu ya Nile
Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, Gnathonemus petersii amakhala m'madzi okhala pakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Africa. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kupezeka mumitsinje ya Niger, Chari, Ogun, m'malo otetezedwa ndi madzi mumadzi amatope osaya kwambiri.
M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba za njovu nthawi zambiri zimakula mpaka 25 cm, koma m'mapangidwe opanga kukula kwake sizichulukirapo masentimita 15. Njovu ya Nile ndi ya asarium centenarians: nthawi yayitali imasiyana kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 10. Ndipo pa imodzi mwa mabungwe olankhula Chingerezi pali nkhani yonena za Gnathonemus petersii, yemwe wakhala zaka 26.
Maonekedwe a nsomba ya njovu
Thupi la njovu ya Nile limapaka utoto wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngati mupanga kuyatsa koyenera, kumayamba kunyezimira ndi miyala yofiirira.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chodabwitsa chokhala m'madzi am'madziwo ndi kapangidwe ka "kamwa", kapena, kamwa laling'ono, kamene kakhali kofanana ndi phenoscis, kamene kamapangitsa nsomba kukhala yofanana kwambiri ndi njovu. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi ili ndi mapangidwe angapo amitsempha, ndipo limatha kupanga zofooka zamagetsi, ndikuchita ntchito ya radar. Tili othokoza chifukwa cha izi kuti nsomba zimadziyang'ana m'madzi amdothi amdima, komwe ndi malo awo achilengedwe, kupeza chakudya, kukondana, ndikupezanso ngozi.
Thupi lokakamizika kumbali lili ndi mawonekedwe. Chowoneka ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa zipsepse zam'mimba, pomwe zipsepse zam'maso ndizambiri, ndipo zipsepse ndi ma dorsal zimayikidwa mozungulira pafupi ndi pansi penipeni pa mchira wowoneka bwino.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri nsomba za njovu zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo. Mukapanga malo abwino a njovu za Nile, zimadzakhala zokongoletsera zenizeni za m'madzi.
Kwa nsomba 5-7, muyenera kusankha "chipewa" chopanda phokoso - malita 400, ngati simukufuna mikangano. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika pachidebe chotsekedwa kuti nsomba zisatuluke. Popeza anthu okhala m'madzi awa ndi osankhika kwambiri pankhani yakuyeretsa kwamadzi, muyenera kusintha nthawi zonse 1-2 pamwezi.
Ubongo wawukulu ndi chifukwa choti madzi ayenera kupatsidwa mphamvu nthawi zonse ndi mpweya. Patsani kusefera kwabwino.
Zofunikira pazigawo zamadzi: kutentha pamtunda wa 24-28 ° С, kuuma sikofunika kwambiri, kumatha kusungidwa pa 7-15 °, koma ponena za acidity, madzi ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono (6-7 pH).
Popeza nsombazi zimakhala pansi, ndizofunikira kuyang'anira zomwe zimapezeka mu nitrate ndi ammonia zomwe zimadziunjikira m'nthaka.
Kupezeka kwa dothi lofewa m'madzimo, momwe nsomba zimatha kukumba, kufunafuna chakudya chawo, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mchenga wozungulira ndiwowoneka bwino. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zinthu zomwe zili ndi m'mbali lakuthwa mkati mwa aquarium zomwe nsomba zimatha kupweteka.
Popeza nsomba zimatsogolera moyo wachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kusankha kuyatsa koyenera, komwe kuyenera kusokonezedwa ndikusinthidwa. Ngati mu thankiyo muli mbewu kapena zithunzi zamitundu ina zomwe zimafunikira kuwala kowala, muyenera kuganizira zopanga malo okhala ndi ngodya zingapo.
Zochitika Pazikhalidwe ndi Kuyandikana
Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mu Gnathonemus petersii sizibweretsa zovuta zapadera, popeza amadziwika kuti ndi amtendere. Amakhala odekha pamtundu wina. Zowona, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, ngakhale ali mwamtendere, nsomba izi ndi mitundu yamtunda. Chifukwa chake, ngati sangakhale ndi malo okwanira okhala, mukuwopsezedwa ndi ma skrasishes a intraspecific.
Popeza m'malo mwachilengedwe "njovu" zimasungidwa zoweta, ndibwino kutuluka anthu angapo m'madzi. Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri ndi zidutswa 5-7. Khalidwe la nsomba za njovu limadziwika ndi kuyeza komanso kusangalala, chifukwa chake sikofunikira kusunga oimira magulu achifwamba ovinidwa omwe angasiye njovu za Nile popanda chakudya.
Pafupifupi nsomba zilizonse zotentha zimakhala oyandikana nawo: angelfish, catfish change, Congo, nsomba ya gulugufe, chophimba cha synodontis.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mbali yapadera ya nsomba za njovu, zomwe zimapezeka kuti zimadzipezera chakudya, zatchulidwa pamwambapa, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi ndi "thunthu" lake losunthika, lomwe limasunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Munthawi yachilengedwe, tizilombo tambiri timakhala chakudya cha Gnathonemus petersii, kotero njira yabwino ndikuyipatsa chakudya chamtengo. Mu aquarium, nsomba mosangalala zimatenga mazira ndi magazi, koma sizingakane mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka pansi.
Njovu Njovu kapena Njovu ya Nile (Gnathonemus petersii)
Njovu kapena Njovu ya ku Nile (Gnathonemus petersii)
Banja: Mormyridae.
Gnathonemus petersii (pamwambapa) ndi Campylomormyrus tamandua
Nsomba za njovu ndi nsomba yaku Africa yokhala ndi thupi lopanda matupi, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri mumakongoletsedwe am'madzi okongola.
Habitat: Imafalitsidwa mchigawo chapakati komanso chakumadzulo kwa Africa; idalembedwa ku Mali, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Republic of Congo ndi Zambia - m'mitsinje ya Chari, Ogun, Niger. Amakonda yokutidwa ndi masamba amitsinje yam'mitsinje yoyenda yaying'ono komanso yamatope, madzi amdima.
Kufotokozera: thupi kutalika, pambuyo pake kukakamiza. Palibe zipsepse zamkati, zipsepse zamatumbo ndizambiri, zipsepse ndi ma anal zimakhala zozungulira ndipo zimapezeka pafupi ndi mchira wofunda. Mgwirizano wamthupi ndi ndalama za caudal ndizochepa kwambiri.
Chomwe chimadziwika ndi nsomba ndi "kamwa", kapena kuti mlomo wam'munsi mwa mawonekedwe a phenoscis, ndikuwapatsa kufanana ndi njovu.
Chiwalochi chimakhala ndi mapeto amitsempha yambiri ndipo chimatha kupanga zofooka zamagetsi, zomwe zimaloleza kuti nsomba ziziyenda mumadzi akuda, kufunafuna chakudya, mnzanu ndikuwona zoopsa.
Mtundu wakuda ndi woderapo, pafupifupi wakuda. Pazowunikira zina, imatha kuvekera ndi mabala a violet. Zipsepse zamkati ndi ma anal mbali zonse ziwiri zimalumikiza zipilala ziwiri zowala bwino.
Kusiyana kwa kugonana sikufotokozedwa bwino. Akazi ndi okulirapo, amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira.
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba za njovu zimatha kukula mpaka 25 cm, koma munyumba yosungirako, kukula kwake sikukula kupitirira 15 cm.
Ma albino mawonekedwe a njovu ya Nile.
Magawo ndi makonzedwe a malo am'madzi: ndibwino kusungitsa gulu la anthu osachepera 3-4, koma ndibwino 5-7. Mukakhala pagulu lalikulupo, nsomba zimakhala momasuka ndipo sizichedwa kuwonetsa. Mukufunika malo oyambira - kuchokera ku malita 200 okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu (100x45x45 cm), zokulira gulu la nsomba, lomwe likukulanso.
Pamafunika kuyatsa kapena kufota kuti kupatse Njovu Njovu (Gnathonemus petersii) khalani otetezeka. Imafunikira malo okhala, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kufanana kapena kupitilira kuchuluka kwa nsomba - miyala yosalala, mitengo ya driftwood ndi mbewu zomwe zitha kukhala moyo m'malo otsika kwambiri, monga Anubias, Microsorium ferns, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito Wallisneria.
Monga gawo lapansi, mchenga kapena dothi lina lofewa limafunikira, izi ndizofunikira kuti zitheke mwadongosolo lamtunduwu, mwinanso nsomba zimatha kuwononga mlomo wamphepete wam'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudyetsa. Madzi am'madzi amafunikira ndi chivindikiro; nsomba za njovu zimatha kudumphira m'madzi.
Magawo Amadzi: 23-28 ° C, dGH 5-15, pH 6.0-7.5.
Zosefera ndi aeration ndizofunikira, zowona kwambiri ndi mtundu wamadzi, gawo limodzi lachitatu lomwe liyenera kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse.
Monga nsomba zina "zamaliseche", nsomba za njovu zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ambiri am'madzi, kuphatikizapo mchere.
Wofatsa ndi wamtendere, koma malo. Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zamtundu uliwonse wotentha, zopanda malo okhala, ma skrasquific osatsimikizika ndi osapeweka. Sayenera kukhazikika ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri kapena zamtopola, chifukwa sangathe kupikisana nazo akamadyetsa.
Gulu la biotope lomwe lili ndi mitundu ina ya ku Africa monga Butterfly Fish, Congo Tetra, Synodontis Som ndi Ktenopoma ndi loyenera.
African biotope mu aquarium.
G. petersii amathanso kukhala bwino ndi ma cichlids amtendere, mitundu ina ya Geophagus ndi Scalaria.
Chakudya: M'madzi am'madzi, nsomba za njovu ndizosasamala ndipo zimatenga chakudya chouma, chamoyo ndi chouma. Amakonzekeretsa nyongolotsi zam'magazi, machubu.
Nthawi zina mumatha kusinthitsa menyu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nyama kapena nsomba yokonda. Chakudyacho chimasonkhanitsa pansi, choyamba chimaponyera chakumwambacho, kenako ndikuchiyamwa.
Njovu ya ku Nile ndiyosachedwa ndipo satha kupikisana ndi anansi omwe akugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi chakudya, motero ndikofunikira kuwona kuti amalandila chakudya chokwanira.
Ntchito: Amakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Mwanthawi yachilengedwe, mkazi amatha kusesa mazira 2000, pomwe amathira pambuyo masiku masiku 10-15. Pakadali pano, sipanakhalepo milandu yopambana ya usodzi wa nsomba mu aquarium.
Njovu Njovu (Gnathonemus petersii) malinga ndi kulengedwa kwa zinthu zabwino, atha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Njovu
Nsomba za njovu, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti Njovu ya Nile ndi Peters gnatonem, ndiz nsomba zakunja zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'midzi yakunyumba. Mawonekedwe - mlomo wapansi wamtunda, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zakudya komanso kulumikizana ndi abale. Makhalidwe a oimira amtunduwu ndiwofatsa komanso amanyazi, koma ndi zomwe zili zolondola, ziweto ndizolimbikira. Njovu zimaganizira kwambiri momwe zimakhalira m'madzi, kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zamadzi.
Kufotokozera
Nsomba yomwe imakhala m'madzi samakhala yoposa 15 cm, ngakhale ikakhala zachilengedwe imatha kufikira 25. Kufotokozera zakunja ndi motere:
- thupi ndi lokwera,
- utoto - wonyezimira, pafupifupi wakuda (pakuwala sikelo zimasefukira),
- zipsepse zamkati mulibe, zipsepse zamakutu ndizoperewera komanso zazing'ono, ma anal ndi dorsal amapezeka mbali yolunjika pafupi ndi mchira,
- gawo la thupi loyandikana ndi caudal fin ndi laling'ono.
- thupi pakati pa ziphuphu zakumaso ndi mainsinolo mbali zonse limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka,
- Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zakunja ndi mlomo wotsika, wamtali, wokhala ndi ulusi wamanjenje yambiri, umapanga zida zazing'ono zamagetsi zofunikira kuyang'anira malo, kusaka chakudya, kulumikizana ndi abale, kuzindikira adani.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Mitundu ya mitundu ya mtundu wa Mormyrus (Slonorylov) imagwira zigawo zapakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Africa (Niger, Cameroon, Congo, Chad, Zambia, Mali). Nsomba zimakonda mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi opanda matope komanso madzi am'madzi ambiri.
Gnatonemes amakhala ndikudyetsa kunsi kwa malo, amachotsa chakudya pansi mothandizidwa ndi milomo yamtengo. Kuti mupeze chakudya ndikulankhulana m'madzi ovuta, magetsi ofooka amathandizidwa ndi thandizo la proboscis. Mwachilengedwe, njovu zimadya tizilombo komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Gnathonemus petersii - Mitundu yosamalira. Chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri cha anthu ndi 6 kapena 7. Ndi magulu ochepa, nsomba zimakhala zopanda nkhawa ndipo zimatha kuwonetsa kukwiya.
The aquarium ndiyofunika lalikulu. Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kuchuluka kwa anthu, koma sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 100 × 45 × 45 cm. Kukula kwake kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa njovu zimatha kudumphira m'madzi.
Magawo amadzi
Nsomba za njovu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mpweya wambiri, momwe madzi amapangira, makamaka ku ma nitrate. Chifukwa chake, mwini wake ayenera kukhala ndi madzi osasunthika. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhazikitsa fyuluta yabwino, koma osapanga zotsatira za mphamvu yamakono, komanso dongosolo lothandizira. Onetsetsani kuti sabata iliyonse madzi amasinthidwa ndi 1/3, dothi limathandizidwa ndi siphon, popeza ammonia ambiri amadziunjikira m'dera loyandikira-chifukwa cha zinyalala za chakudya ndi zinyalala za ziweto.
Magawo abwino am'madzi:
- kutentha - kuyambira +24 mpaka + 28 ° C,
- kuuma - kuyambira magawo 5 mpaka 15,
- acidity ili pafupi 7 pH.
Popeza njovu ndi nsomba zausiku zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ovuta, kuunikaku kuyenera kuzima.
Zomera ndi Zokongoletsa
Kwa nsomba za njovu, ndikofunikira kupangira m'madzimo madzi am'madzi kuti malo azachilengedwe azipezeka omwe ali pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Mu aquarium muyenera kukhala zomera zambiri komanso malo okhala osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kuti aliyense akhale ndi malo okhala: izi zingapewe kugawanitsa madera awo.
Nthaka yomwe muyenera kusankha yosalala, yamchenga. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kuwononga thunthu la nsomba, chifukwa chomwe sichingadye, zimafa chifukwa chotopa.
Peters njovu imakhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kwazitsulo m'madzi, chifukwa chake, zitsulo pazokongoletsera siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza aquarium.
Kudyetsa
Njovu siikhala yopatsa thanzi, imadya chakudya chouma komanso chouma. Ndikwabwino kupereka chifuwax, magazi. Chakudyacho chimatha kusinthidwa ndi nyama yosankhidwa ndi nsomba zamitundu yochepa yamafuta.
Nsomba za njovu zimatengedwa pansi, zimakokedwa ndi proboscis. Amadya pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake simuyenera kusunga gnatonems ndi oimira nyama zamoyo komanso zogwira ntchito zomwe zimagwira mwachangu chakudya chonse mu aquarium. Kupanda kutero, njovu zimakhalabe ndi njala.
Masana, nsomba za njovu zimakhala zamanyazi komanso zamanyazi, koma usiku (ndikazimitsa magetsi) zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yamadzulo kumalimbikitsidwa.
Kugwirizana
Khalidwe la nsomba za njovu ndi lamtendere komanso losangalatsa. Amadziwana ndi anthu okhala m'madzi am'madzi mwatsopano, kumva mtundu wawo. Kukwiya kwa mitundu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono sikuwonetsa.
Koma njovu zomwezo zimatha kukhala mdani pakuwopsezedwa ndi omwe angakuchitireni nkhanza, chifukwa chake simungathe kuyika mitundu yayikulu, yosautsa mu aquarium.
Chiyanjano chabwino kwambiri ndi:
- nsomba zopanda mamba
- scalars
- tetra Kongo,
- synodontis eupterus,
- ma multodontis ambiri
- nsomba gulugufe.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Kusiyana kwa kugonana sikumatchulidwa. Njira yodziwira zakugonana ndi motere: Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna, amakhala ndi mimba yodziwika bwino.
Kodi nsombazi zikuwoneka bwanji ngati njovu?
M'malo am'madzi, mumakhala "zowirikiza" zambiri za nyama zapadziko lapansi. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa amawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba ya njovu (Gnathonemus petersii) ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa chakuti milomo yake yotsika imakhala yotalikilana chimodzimodzi ndi kumtunda kwa njovu, zomwe zimapatsa kufanana ndi thunthu la njovu yeniyeni. Ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti mitundu yonse iwiriyi imakhala ku Africa. Nsomba iyi, yomwe ili ndi mayina ena angapo (Njovu ya Nile kapena ya Madzi, Gnatonem Peters), imakhala m'chigawo chapakati komanso chakumadzulo kwa Africa.Chinsinsi chake chachikulu ndi chakuti ndi yamagetsi ndipo imatha kupanga magesi ochepa.
Werengani zambiri za njovu yamadzi
Izi nsomba zoyambirira sizimapezeka m'mitsinje ya Congo ndi Niger kokha, komanso nyanja ya Tanganyika. Njovu zam'madzi ndi nzika zomwe zimakhala m'mitsinje yomwe ili ndi masamba pang'ono. Madzi apa nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima komanso amdima. Amayamba kugwira ntchito usiku, chakudya chimachotsedwa mu nthaka yofewa. Muzochitika zotere, masomphenya ndiwothandizira osawoneka bwino m'malo ndikuyang'ana nyama. Chifukwa chake, njovu yamadzi yapanga kuthekera kolandila zokhudzana ndi malo ozungulira mothandizidwa ndi malo amagetsi (izi zidzafotokozedwera pansipa).
Dzina lakale la Latin Latin "njovu" lidalandiridwa m'malo mwa Wilhelm Peters (katswiri wozoza zinyama waku Germany), ndipo amatchedwa Gnathonemus petersii.
Malinga ndi msonkho wamasiku ano wa nsomba, Gnathonemus petersii adayitanitsa dongosolo la Araganiformes (Osteoglossiformes) ndi suborder Mormyroidei (Mormy). M'mbuyomu m'bukhu la "Zamoyo Zamoyo" adasankhidwa ngati gulu lina la Klyorvoryloobrazny kapena Mormyrobraznye (Mormyriformes). Suborder Mormiform ndi gulu lapadera kwambiri la nsomba lomwe lili ndi cerebellum yopangidwa bwino kwambiri komanso ziwalo zamagetsi. Mulinso mabanja awiri, umodzi wawo ndi njovu ya Nile (banja la Mormirova). Zotsatira zake, wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a ku Nile ochokera ku banja lachiwiri (Mafumu) ndi mtundu wa "wachibale" wa njovu.
Zowoneka ndi kuzolowera chilengedwe
Gnatonem Peters ali ndi mawonekedwe osaiwalika:
- Thupi lokwera limapanikizika pang'ono m'mbali.
- Zipsepse zamkati ndi ma anal zimakankhidwira kumtambo wa matalala, mulibe zipsepse zamkati, ndipo zipsepse zamtchire zimakwezedwa pang'ono kupita kumtunda, ndipo zipsepse za Caudal ndizodzaza ndi loboti zazitali "zopindika".
- Pesi la mchirayo limakhala lokwera komanso loonda, zomwe zimapangitsa thupi la nsomba kukhala "laling'ono" komanso labwino.
- Thupi limakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono a cycloid.
- Mtundu wakuda ndi woderapo (mpaka wakuda), wowala pang'ono, wowoneka bwino ndi nyansi.
- Maziko a dorsal fin ndi symmetrically yomwe ili ndi anal imalumikizidwa ndi kuwala kooneka bwino kwa arcuate, mzere womwewo umalumikiza mbali zapakati za zipsepse izi. Zilembozo zimapindika mbali zina kuti chithunzi chowoneka bwino chizimveka pakati pawo.
Pakamwa posadziwika bwino njovu yamadzi
Banja la milomo, yomwe njovuyo ndi ya njovu, idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osuta, omwe amakhala ngati mulomo wamtundu wina ndipo ali ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a mitundu mitundu. Zilonda za gnatonemus zimakhala ndi pakamwa koyambirira, kofanana ndi kamwa la njovu yeniyeni. Milomo yake yokha yakumtunda siyolumikizana, koma milomo yake yotsika ndipo imafanana ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chala. Kutalika kwake kumatha kupitirira masentimita awiri ndipo pamapeto pake pali ziwalo zowoneka bwino zomwe nsomba zimayang'ana pansi kufunafuna chakudya. Kodi kamwa ili kuti? Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yozungulira bwino, ndipo ili pamwamba pamunsi pamlomo wapansi. Mu chithunzi cha nsomba ya njovu, mawonekedwe onsewa amawonekera bwino.
Magetsi ndi chida chamagetsi
Njovu ya ku Nile imakhala bata kwambiri m'madzi ovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala usiku. Zida zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi iwo sizimangokhala zozungulira, komanso kulumikizana, mwachitsanzo, kusaka abwenzi panthawi yakubzala. Izi zimapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamagetsi zapadera zomwe zimapezeka m'chigawo cha mchira, zomwe zimakhala minofu yosinthika.
Izi ndizotulutsa zofooka (zopanda mphamvu ngati zamagetsi zamagetsi ndipo zimayimira kuwongolera kosalekeza kwamagetsi ocheperako (pafupifupi ma volts a 2) okhala ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana. mu aquarium m'madzi owonongeka, pafupipafupi amachulukanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa.
Chilichonse kapena chamoyo chomwe chagwera m'munda wamagetsi chopangidwa ndi njovu chimayambitsa kuphwanya mundawo. Njovu ya njovu imalandira chizindikiro cha kuphwanyikaku ndikuyankha nthawi yomweyo. Khungu lake (makamaka pamutu) pali maselo amitsempha amitsempha yama cell (Mormi) omwe amawona kusintha m'munda wopangidwa.