Mitundu ina ya nkhumba, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa, idabadwa chifukwa cha kusankha. Koma nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu sichimasiyananso ndi lamuloli.

Chikhalidwe cha mayi chokha ndi chomwe chinatenga nawo mbali pakuwoneka kwa mamps ndi ndevu. Onani chithunzi cha nyama iyi: ndizovuta kuyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a nkhumba wamba, yomwe tonsefe timakonda, sichoncho? Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imakhala yotsegula, miyendo yake ndi yocheperako kuposa nkhumba wamba.

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu (Sus barbatus).

Nyama zachilendozi zimakhala pachilumba cha Borneo, ku Sumatra ndi pachilumba cha Palawan. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhumba iyi imatha kupezeka pachilumba cha Malay Peninsula ndi zilumba zina za Philippines.

Cholengedwachi chimakhala m'malo a mangangange, nkhalango zamvula, chifukwa chilichonse chimaperekedwa kuti chikhale ndi zakudya: nyama ndi masamba zakudya.

Maonekedwe a nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu

Izi ndi nyama zazikulu. Kulemera kwawo kumafikira ma kilogalamu 150, kutalika kwa thupi la nkhumba yachikulire yometa: kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 170 sentimita.

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imakhala kumwera kwa Asia.

Kutalika kwa nyamayo ndi masentimita 75 - 80.

Chosaiwalika kwambiri pakuwoneka kwa chirombo ichi ndi ndevu zake. Amapangidwa ndi njira zazitali zaubweya. Bwanji nkhumba ndevu, mumafunsa? Funso lanzeru, koma ngakhale masiku ano, asayansi sangayankhe. Tikambirana izi chifukwa cha kukongola.

Thupi lonse la nyamayo imakutidwa ndi bristles osowa, omwe amajambulidwa bulauni kapena imvi. Maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri mumpsyi kotero kuti khungu limatulukira, limakhala lokongola ndi ndevu zapinki.

Khalidwe la nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu, kadyedwe kake komanso machitidwe ake kuthengo

Zochita mu zolengedwa izi zimachitika masana. Zimakhala zovuta kukumana ndi nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zokha, chifukwa zimakhala m'magulu a anthu angapo, nthawi zambiri 20-30 nkhumba.

Pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasuntha pang'onopang'ono. Amatsata gibbons ndi macaques, akusuntha kuchoka ku msipu wina kupita ku wina. Chifukwa chiyani akutsatira nyani? Chilichonse ndichopepuka - pambuyo pakalepo pamakhalabe zakudya zambiri zosadziwika: zipatso pamitengo. Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimadya zakudya zamasamba kumbuyo kwawo.

Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, munthawi ino ya chaka munthu amatha kuwona magulu ambiri azingwe za ndevu, mosalekeza kulowera kumwera.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasamukira m'gulu lalikulu.

Pakadali pano, nzika zam'deralo zomwe zimadziwa njira yodutsamo pasadakhale zimatsegulira kusaka nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu, kusungira nyama kwanthawi yayitali.

Kodi kupanga nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu kumatheka bwanji?

Asanabadwe, nyama izi zimapanga chisa. Amakhala ndi masamba ofewa komanso udzu wosiyanasiyana.

Nkhumba yachikazi yokhala ndi ndevu imabereka ana kwa miyezi pafupifupi inayi, kenako ana ambiri amabadwa. Nthawi zambiri ana amakhala ndi timapeto ta 2 mpaka 8.

Nkhumba imodzi yokhala ndi ndevu imatha kubereka ana a nkhumba eyiti.

Masiku 14 oyamba, ana amakhala mchisa womangidwa ndi mkaziyo, ndipo atatha nthawi imeneyi, amayamba kupita kwa ziwalo zina. Kutsatira amayi awo, amaphunzira kudzipezera okha chakudya.

Akafuna nkhumba kukhala ndi chaka chimodzi, amakhala odziimira pawokha. Pazaka chimodzi ndi theka, nyamazi zimakhwima pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kubereka kale.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kufalitsa

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakhala ku Southeast Asia, makamaka ku Peninsula ya Malaysia, kuzilumba za Sumatra, Borneo ndi zilumba zina zoyandikana. Kuchuluka kwa zilumba za Palawan ndi zilumba zina za ku Philippines nthawi zina zimawonedwa ngati mtundu wina wa nkhumba ya ndevu ya Palawan (Sus ahoenobarbus ) Malo okhala nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndi mitengo yamangati.

Khalidwe

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito masana ndipo zimakhala m'magulu obadwa. Wapadera pakati pa nkhumba ndi chikhalidwe chawo chosamukira. Maulendo olumikizana makilomita mazana angapo, magulu angapo a nyama mpaka mazana angapo amalumikizidwa nthawi imodzi. Pa maulendo oterowo, chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chakudya, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasinthana ndi zochitika zausiku ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoponderezedwa zamamandandanda ambuyomu.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu ndizopanda zipatso ndipo zimaphatikizapo zipatso, mizu, mphutsi, ndi zovunda. Nthawi zambiri amatsatira magulu a ma gibboni ndi ma macaque kuti akatole zipatso zoponyedwa ndi anyani pansi.

Kuswana

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu padziwe Mimba itatha miyezi inayi, mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Kwa obwera pambuyo pake, nyumba yokhala ngati chisa imapangidwa poyambirira pomwe ana ake amakhala milungu yoyamba ya moyo wawo. Pakatha miyezi itatu chibadwire, amasintha kuchoka ku mkaka kupita kwawamba, koma amakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka atafika zaka chimodzi. Kutha msambo kumachitika pazaka 18 zakubadwa.

Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi ndevu komanso munthu

M'madera ena ku Southeast Asia, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndikusaka. Anthu am'deralo amadziwa nyengo komanso njira zomwe nyama zimasamukira, ndipo kamodzi pachaka zimapeza chuma chambiri ndikutsata magulu angapo a nkhumba. Mwambiri, anthu oweta nkhumba sakhala pachiwopsezo.

Kuchulukitsa

Kutengera ndikuwona, mitundu iwiri kapena itatu ya nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasiyanitsidwa. Ichi ndi nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu za ku Borne (Sus barbatus barbatus ) ndi nkhumba yopindikaSus barbatus oi ) okhala ku Sumatra ndi ku Peninsula ya Malawi. Mitundu yachitatuyo nthawi zina imaganiziridwa kuti ndi nkhumba yosemedwa kale ya Palawan.

Zolemba

Palibe nkhumba Zakuthengo zakutchire (nkhuni za Sus) - mtundu wa banja la nkhumba.

Dziko loti boar ndi Eurasia, koma pambuyo pake adakhazikika kuma kontinenti onse, kupatula zigawo za Arctic, Antarctica, mapiri osafikirika, zipululu zina ndi zilumba. Malinga ndi zofukulidwa zakale ku Hallan Chemi Tepe, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Turkey, nkhumba zamtchire zinkapezeka zaka zoposa 10,000 zapitazo, ngakhale mbuzi ndi nkhosa zisanachitike.

Puerto Princesa (mtsinje) Puerto Princesa ndi mtsinje wapansi pachilumba cha Palawan, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Philippines wa Puerto Princesa.

Nkhumba za Nkhumba (Chilatini: Suidae) - banja la artiodactyls (Artiodactyla) osakhala wowumba, kuphatikizapo mitundu 8, kuphatikiza woyimira yekha ku Europe - nguluwe, yemwe ndiye kholo la nkhumba yoweta. Mwana wa nkhumba amatchedwa nkhumba.

Mndandanda wa mitundu ya zinyama zomwe zikuwopsezedwa Mndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zikuwopsezedwa uli ndi mndandanda wa mitundu ya zinyama (Mammalia), omwe apatsidwa mtundu wa Ziwonongeke zachilengedwe, Mitundu yokhala pangozi, ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural and Naturalource (IUCN) kapena "Mitundu Yokhala Pangozi" (Zamoyo Zangozi,). Pakadali pano, mndandanda wa mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya ziwani ya IUCN ili ndi mitundu 1196 yosowa kwambiri komanso yomwe ili pangozi. Mitundu ina iwiri ya artiodactyls, agwape a David ndi Sahara oryx, apezeka pamndandandawu monga kutheratu kuthengo (mtundu "Wosatheratu kuthengo,"), ndi mitundu 81 ya zinyama zomwe sizikutha m'mbiri yonse ya masiku (gulu "Zinyama zachilengedwe,"). Amayimilidwanso pamndandandawu.

Ponseponse, pofika chaka cha 2005, mitundu 60 ya anyamayi idadziwika. Chifukwa chake, zopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo amtundu uliwonse wa nyamazi zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha, ndipo pafupifupi 1.5% zatha kale chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu. Gulu la zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa mndandandawu zimaperekedwa malinga ndi mabuku amakono azachipembedzo.

Nkhumba ya Bearded (Sus barbatus) yalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red mu mtundu wa "mitundu yosavomerezeka"

Habitat ndi mawonekedwe

Nkhumba Yomera (Susibasi ) ili ndi malo ocheperako: imapezeka m'nkhalango za mangrove komanso kotentha ku Southeast Asia: kuzilumba za Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan, komanso ku Peninsula ya Malaysia. Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imasiyanasiyana ndi oyandikana nawo "Mwabwino" kwambiri: imakhala yochepa thupi ndi miyendo yopyapyala komanso mutu wokhazikika. Kutsogolo kwa chopukutira cha nyama iyi, tsitsi loyera ndi lachikasu limakula, chifukwa chomwe lidatenga dzina lake. Pamaso pamutu pathupi paliponse pali yokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda kapena ubweya waimvi, mumapangidwe ofanana ndi mabulosi. Kuphatikiza pa kukhalapo kwa "ndevu", mawonekedwe osiyanitsa ndi nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu ndi burashi womera pam mchira. Kutalika, nkhumba izi zimafika pafupifupi masentimita 160, pomwe zolemera zake zimachokera ku 120 mpaka 150 kg.

Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakhala zamagulu am'mwera ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mbewu (mizu, masamba, mphukira, zipatso ndi zipatso), komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, vertebrates ndi carrion. Milandu idalembedwa pomwe gulu la nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimatsata magulu a macaques ndi ma gibons, kunyamula chakudya chomwe chinaponyedwa pansi pambuyo pawo. Mbali yapadera yamakhalidwe a nyama izi ndi kuthekera kwawo kuzolowera moyo wawo.

Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kukhala olumikizidwa ndi "magulu amitundu" yambiri ndikuyenda mtunda wautali. Kuphatikiza apo, pakusamuka, moyo wawo wamasiku amasintha kukhala wausiku.

Zochita Pachikhalidwe ndi Kubereka

Izi nkhumba zimakhala m'magulu, kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kuchokera ku nyama 8 mpaka 50. Pakadutsa miyezi inayi yobereka, ana awiri mpaka atatu amabadwa mwa mkazi. Zotsatira zamtsogolo, iye amapanga chida chokhala ngati chisa, ndipo ana ake amakhala milungu yoyambirira yamoyo mmenemo.

Pakatha miyezi itatu, nkhumba zimaleka kudya mkaka, koma kukhalabe ndi amayi awo kufikira atakwanitsa zaka chimodzi. Kukhwima mu kugonana kwa nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu kumachitika pazaka 18 zakubadwa.

Nkhumba yamtchire yamtchire yamtchire (Chimenechi chokhala ndi ndevu) kuchokera ku banja la mtundu wa Kabanov - mtundu wamapiri pachilumba cha Borneo, Malaysia, uli ndi dambo lakuya komanso lalitali pankhope.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi 100 mpaka 165 cm (kutalika kufota 75-80 cm) amafika kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 150. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Thupi la nkhumba yakuthengo yayikulukulu, yaimvi kapena yofiirira, miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, ndipo burashi yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mchira imakhala yosalala.

Mutuwu ndi wokulirapo, ndimakutu akulu ndi maso ocheperako. Mabatani amtunduwu amakhala ngati chipika pafupi ndi makutu.

Awa ndi nyama zonenepa zomwe zimakonda malo osakhudzidwa ndi anthu komanso chitukuko. M'nyumba mwawo muli nkhalango zotentha ndi mitengo yamangati. Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu ndizopatsa chidwi, zimakhala ngati zotsuka-phulusa popanga chakudya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka kulowa dzuwa, ndikusiya milu yamatope padziko lapansi.

Amadyetsa mizu ndi unyinji wobiriwira wazomera, zipatso, bowa. Makamaka amakonda zipatso zamtchire, ma acorn, mtedza, komanso tizilombo, nyongolotsi, nkhanu ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Samanyalanyaza zovunda - nkhumba za ku Bornean zimagwiritsa ntchito moyenera bafu a proboskis. Ndidadzionera ndendende mafupa a Kachau, nditaguguda pachiwonetsero cha miyala yamtengo wapatali, patsiku la omwe adamwalira pomenya nkhondo.

Ndevu zokhala ndi ndevu chaka chonse. Mkazi pambuyo miyezi 4 yoyembekezera amakhala ndi ana awiri mpaka atatu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ana awiri. Kwa ana ake amtsogolo, amapanga masamba ndi masamba ndipo amatulutsa "chisa" chapadera cha pafupifupi mamita awiri ndi kutalika mita imodzi. Ana agalu amakhala kuno milungu iwiri yoyambirira, kenako pang'onopang'ono amasuntha kuchoka kumalo ndi malo pamodzi ndi amayi awo komanso gulu lonse. Pazaka zitatu zokha, ayamba kale kuchoka ku yoyamwitsa kupita "msipu". Akafika zaka chimodzi, amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo kuyambira miyezi 18 ali wokonzeka kubereka.
Ku Bako National Park (Borneo), nkhumba zimakhala modekha kwa anthu, ndipo wachinyamata wina wamtchire amapanga ubwenzi ndi ine, akumacheza usiku uliwonse akuyenda mphepete mwa nyanja ngati galu wamba. Modekha adalola kujambulidwa, kuphatikiza pafoni.

Komabe, kukomera kwa nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu kumakhala kwonyenga kwambiri - anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndewu ndi zazikazi, ndipo akazi amatha kuukira aliyense amene amakhala pafupi ndi nkhumba zazing'ono. Nthawi zonse, kumva chenjezo kuchokera ku tchire kapena kubangula kovuta, ndibwino kubisala pompopompo. Nthawi ina ndidagwa ndikuwonetsedwa kwa anthu atatu nthawi imodzi - nyama zina zonse zoyandikira pomwepo mwachangu mbali zonse zozungulira
Pali mitundu itatu ya nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu: banja la Bornean (Sus barbatus barbatus) limangokhala pachilumba cha Borneo, Curly Bearded (Sus barbatus oi) limakhala ku Sumatra ndi Malawi a Peninsula ndi Palawan Bearded (Sus ahoenobarbus) okhala ku Philippines. Balabak ndi Zilumba za Kalamian.

(c) Zolemba ndi zithunzi zonse ndi zanga. Kusindikiza kumatetezedwa ndi malamulo okopera.

• Kalasi: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Mammals
• Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 = Placental, Zapamwamba Zapamwamba
• Dongosolo: Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 = Artiodactyls
• Chigawo: Nonruminantia Jaeckel, 1911 = Non-Ruminant, Porcine
• Banja: Suidae Grey, 1821 = Nkhumba, Nkhumba

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu (Sus barbatus) ndi yofanana ndi nkhumba zakutchire, kapena yaying'ono pang'ono (kutalika kwa thupi 100-160 cm, kulemera pafupifupi 100 kg), koma yayitali kwambiri. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mabulangete ake owala, okhala ndi lingaliro kuchokera pakona pakamwa pafupifupi mpaka makutu. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mabowo komwe kamayera imvi.

Pa nkhope pakati pa maso ndi ma fang, komanso pakati pa maso, pali ma warts, makamaka opangidwa mwamphongo. Amapanga mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yogawidwa ku Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Palawan ndi zilumba zazing'ono zingapo ku Indonesia.

Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso mitengo yamangati, pomwe imadyako zipatso zamtchire, mizu, mbande zazing'ono za mitengo ya kanjedza, tizilombo, nyongolotsi ndi nyama zina zopanda nyama. Nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zowononga pamaunda a yames ndi chinangwa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabanja, ndipo gulu la nkhumba lomwe limakhala ndi ndevu limakonda kutsagana ndi magulu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma gibboni ndi ma macaques, kukatola zipatso zomwe anyaniwo anaponyera pamitengo.

M'malo ambiri amakhala, koma kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumba cha Kalimantan, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa Pierre Pfeffer, kusamuka kwakukulu kumachitika mu Ogasiti - Seputembala. Nkhumba zikwizikwi zimatengapo gawo kumayendedwe amtunduwu, omwe m'magulu a nyama 20-30 amapitabe kummwera, pafupifupi osadyetsa msewu, kuwoloka mitsinje yamapiri othamanga ndi mitsinje yayikulu panjira yawo. Okhala m'deralo (masana) akudziwa bwino mayendedwe omwe nkhumba zimasamukira, ndipo akalowa m'mitsinje, adadula njira zawo pama pie ndikumenya ndi nthungo.

Nkhumba zomwe zaponyedwa pansi pa mtsinjewo zimasonkhanitsa anthu onse m'mudzimo. Mu zaka zina, ma nomads ndi makamaka grandiose, ndipo ma Dayaks amapanga nkhumba zambiri kotero kuti mitsinje imadzaza ndi mitembo. Mu 1954

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu chaka chonse, zimabweretsa nkhumba za 2-8 (nthawi zambiri 2-4 nkhumba).

Kwa ana akhanda ,ikaziyo imamanga chisa kuchokera ku nthambi, masamba a kanjedza ndi ferns. Mu chisa chotere, chomwe ndi kutalika kwa 1 m ndi 2 m kudutsa, piglets imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Amalekanitsidwa ndi mayi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Adani akuluakulu a nkhumba ndi fungo lonunkha, chimbudzi ndi chimbalangondo cha Chimalay.

Mitundu yoyandikira nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu -Nkhumba ya Javanese (Sus verccus) , omwe amakhala kuzilumba za Java, Sulawesi ndi Philippines, amaphatikiza ndi maphunziro ambiri kukhala amtundu umodzi. Ndizosinthika kwambiri (ma subspecies 11 ofotokozedwa) ndipo amadziwika ndi ma warts atatu kumaso (kutsogolo kwa maso, pansi pa maso ndi pakona yakumbuyo ya nsagwada yam'munsi). Imakhala nthawi zambiri m zigwa za mitsinje, dambo komanso malo obiriwira. http://www.posidelkino.ru/pigsty/wild/verrucosus.htm Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imakhala pachilumba cha Kalimantan.Awa ndi malo okhawo (dzina lina lachigawochi ndi Borneo) mwa nyama izi zachilengedwe. Nkhumba zofananira zokhala ndi ndevu zimapezeka kuzilumba za Malaysia ndi Indonesia, koma ndi amtundu wina. Kwawo kwa munthu womangidwa ndi ndevu ndiye chisumbu chachikulu kwambiri cha malo azisumbu ku Mala, motero ali ndi malo ambiri okhalamo. Chofunikira kwambiri pa ma pigne a Borne ndi tsitsi lawo, tsitsi lakuthwa kumaso kwawo.

Wometa wokongola

Mtundu wa "ndevu" wamtundu umakongoletsa nkhope zawo, chomwe nyama yaku chisumbucho idatchedwa. Koma ngati tikufanizira maonekedwe osiyana siyana ndi mitundu ya nkhumba izi, ndiye kuti nkhumba ya ndevu ya Borne ndi ya "gulu la masewera". Amakhala ndi thupi loonda, lamisala, miyendo yopyapyala, mutu wochepa thupi. Kukhota kwa nyamayo kwatambalala, makutu ake ndi akulu ndi akulu.

Nkhumba ya Bornean ilibe ponytail yocheperako kuzungulira. Mchira wake wowongoka wamtambo wovekedwa korona kumapeto kwa ngayaye wokhala mphanda. Nkhope ya nyamayo, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, "ili" yokongoletsedwa "ndi awiriawiri azitsulo zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri amabisika kwathunthu mumtundu wakuda wowoneka pankhope, ndevu yodziwika.

Thupi lonse la nkhumba, Mosiyana,, limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lakuda. Ndizosowa, choncho khungu limawala kudzera pamenepo. Nkhumba zazikulu za Bornean zimatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 150, zimafikira kutalika kwa 1.5 m, ndipo kutalika kwake pa kufota kumafika 70-80 cm.

Moyo masana

Nkhumba ya balere wokhala ndi bere - chinyama chankhosa. Amapanga magulu a mabanja ofikira mpaka 30. Masana, nkhumba zimayenda pang'onopang'ono m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalangozi kukafunafuna chakudya.

Nyengo yotentha imawalola kubereka chaka chonse. Mimba mu nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu kumatenga miyezi 4. M'modzi mwa ana m'modzi, muli ana 2 kapena 8 (avareji ya 4).

Poona kubadwa kwa mwana, wamkazi amamanga nthambi ndipo amasiya paddock wapadera pafupifupi 2 mita kutalika ndi 1 mita mulifupi. Pamenepo, ana amadzala milungu iwiri yoyambirira ya moyo, pang'onopang'ono kudziwa dziko.

Kenako amayamba kuyendayenda ndi aliyense. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, pang'onopang'ono kuwasamutsira msipu. Nyama zazing'ono zimasamalidwa kwa chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake zimatengedwa kuti ndi akulu.

Ndipo atatha miyezi 6 amayamba kutha msinkhu. Kuphatikiza pa munthu yemwe amazisaka, kuvulaza nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu kumabweretsedwa ndi chimbudzi, chimbalangondo cha Chimalawi ndi kambuku wofuka.

Zakudya za pachilumba

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu zodwala imakhala m'nkhalangozi. Ndipo ngakhale ndiwopanikizika, monga nkhumba zonse, chakudya chake chokhazikika ndicho:

• chipatso chowola
• mphukira zazing'ono za kanjedza,
• mizu
• mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina,
• zovunda.

Ngati nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimayendayenda pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, ndiye kuti zimabera m'minda ya chinangwa kapena yamams. Izi zimayambitsa zoweta zapakhomo, zomwe amazilipirira posaka nyama zanyama zawo. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, gulu la nkhumba limakhazikika kumbuyo kwa gulu la anyani osamuka.

Zakudya sizolondola kwenikweni ndipo pambuyo pake zipatso zambiri zimakhala pansi. Scum iyi ndiosangalala ndikudya nkhumba.

Koma nthawi yophukira ikafika, nyama zomwe zimayenda m'njira zopondaponda zimapita kumwera. Munthawi yakusamukira, nthawi zambiri amasuntha usiku ndikudya pang'ono kuposa masiku onse.

Paulendo wautali

Pakutha kwa chilimwe, magulu am mabanja a nkhumba amasonkhana ng'ombe zazikulu, kuphatikiza mazana kapena ngakhale zikwizikwi za mitu. Khamu lonse, panjira yomwe makolo awo akhala akuthamanga kwazaka zambiri, amathamangira kumwera. Kumeneko amapeza chakudya ndi malo oti aziberekera.

Nyama zimayenda mosalekeza mosalekeza, kudutsa pamtunda ndi mitsinje. Sikuti aliyense amatsatira njira imeneyi. Wina wamwalira ndi kutopa, ndipo wina m'manja mwa munthu.

Anzake a Dayak saphonya mwayi wotanganidwa ndi nyama. Alenje amadikirira nyama m'madzi, pomwe sizovuta komanso kupha.

Pakadali pano, njira yosakira iyi sizinawononge anthu ambiri, koma m'malo ena pachilumbachi, nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu za Borne yakhala yocheperako. Asayansi atengera kale izi. Mwina athe kukhala osamala pakati pa njira yamoyo yazinyama ndi zosowa za anthu.

Lembani ndemanga kuti nkhumba ndiyabwino: ndi ndevu kapena wopanda.

Nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu (lat. Susibasi) - ndi mitundu ya dzina lomwelo la banja la Boar, banja la Nkhumba, gawo loyambira la Neo, gulu la Artiodactyl, gulu la a Mammals, vertebrate subtype, monga Chordates, maufumu a Zinyama - Mu chiyani! :) M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ya nkhumba ya Bearded imagawidwa m'magulu awiri kapena atatu. Ichi ndi nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu yopindika (Sus barbatus oi), yomwe imakhala ku Malacca Peninsula ndi chilumba cha Sumatra, nkhumba ya ndevu ya Borne (Sus barbatus barbatus) ndi nkhumba ya ndevu ya Palawan, yemwe amakhala, akuweruza ndi dzina, kuzilumba za Borneo ndi Palawan, komanso Java , Kalimantan ndi zilumba zazing'ono za zisumbu zaku Indonesia ku Southeast Asia.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha ndi mitengo yamangati mwa magulu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndi machitidwe osamukira, pomwe anthu masauzande ambiri amayenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri amayenda motsatira njira zomwezo.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi ndipo zimadya zipatso zonse, mizu, mphukira zazing'ono za kanjedza, ndi tizilombo, mphutsi, tating'ono tating'ono, carrion.

Pokhala nyama zamasana, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasinthira kukhala moyo wamadzulo nthawi yayitali, kuthana ndi mtunda wautali ndi zotchingira madzi osatsala pang'ono kudyetsa. Nthawi zambiri gulu la nkhumba limabera m'minda yamwala ndi chinangwa, likuwononga minda ya anthu wamba, kapena limatsata timagulu ta ma gibbons ndi ma macaques, kutola zipatso zomwe amataya.

Kunja, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakhala zowonda kwambiri, zazing'ono komanso zazitali kuyerekeza ndi achibale wamba. Amatha kutalika masentimita 100-160, kutalika kufota kwa 70-85 masentimita ndi kulemera mpaka 150 makilogalamu. Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mabulangete owaluka omwe amapukuta pakamwa mpaka pafupi makutu, pomwe mtundu waukulu wa nkhumba ndi imvi kapena bulauni. Mutu umakhala wokwezeka, maso ndi ochepa, makutu ndi akulu. Pamaso pali magulu awiri a ma warts, makamaka omwe amapanga amuna, amodzi omwe amabisika pansi pa ndevu. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa burashi wofunda kumutu kwa mchira.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu chaka chonse, chifukwa nyengo zimathandizira. Anthu amakhala okhwima akafika zaka 18 zakubadwa. Mimba mu nkhumba yazimayi imakhala miyezi inayi, pambuyo pake imachokera ku 2 mpaka 8 piglets (avareji ya 2-4).

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimamanga chisa chapadera (kwenikweni chimakhala ngati mpanda) kwa ana awo amtsogolo. Pomanga, nthambi, masamba a kanjedza ndi ferns amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwa nyumbayi kumafika mita imodzi ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 2 m, komwe kumapereka mwayi koyamba kuteteza makanda.

Ana a nkhumba amakhala milungu iwiri yoyambirira ya moyo wawo m chisa chotere, moyang'aniridwa ndi amayi osamala. Pazaka zitatu zokha, nkhumba zimayamba kudyetsa mkaka wa amayi kupita "msipu", koma zimatetezedwa ndikuwasamalidwa kufikira zikafika zaka zakubadwa.

M'madera ena, nyama ya nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Anthu akumaloko amasaka nkhumba, kuteteza zokolola zawo ndikasamuka kwawo pachaka. Panjira, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakumbidwa kapena kugulitsidwa nthawi yomwe mumawoloka mitsinje. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama yotulutsidwa imakwanira mudzi wonse.

Palawan bearded pig - kufotokoza, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe.

Thupi la nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu ya Palawan ndilokulirapo, miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yochepa thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumayambira 1 mpaka 1.6 m, kutalika kwa kufota kuli pafupifupi mita 1, ndipo kulemera kumafikira 150 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna.

Nkhumba zonse zokhala ndi ndevu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtali wa mutu, koma poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu, chisa cha nkhumba cha ndevu cha Palawan ndi chofupikitsa. Tsitsi loyera lalitali limamera pamasaya ndi pamphuno, kwinaku likukulira kulira kwa nyamayo ngati mphete. Tsitsi lakuda lophimba pamphumi, dera lozungulira maso ndi kuzungulira chigamba, chophatikizidwa ndi ndevu zoyera zimapereka chithunzi kuti nkhope ya nkhumbayo idakutidwa ndi chigoba.

Thupi la nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu lophimbidwa ndi timabatani tating'ono tofiirira, tofiirira-akuda kapena pafupifupi akuda. Tsitsi lotalikira, loonda komanso locheperachepera limadutsa pakati. Akuluakulu, kuyambira kumtunda kupita kumphaka amadutsa mane yoyera, yopangidwa ndi tsitsi loonda, lalitali, lopepuka.

Pankhope ya nkhumba ndi yaying'ono, koma maulendo owoneka bwino, omwe, mwina, amateteza nkhope yaimuna pomenya nkhondo ndi mdani.

Mbidzi zomwe sizinafike pakukula sizikhala ndi ndevu komanso chovala choyera ngati nkhumba izi. Kwa achichepere, mikwingwirima itatu ya tsitsi lofiyira kuchokera ku khosi kupita ku croup imakhala yodziwika. Kupatula apo, mtambo wam'munsi ndiwotalikirapo, womwe umagwira gawo lonse lakumbuyo kwa nkhumba.

Palawan wometedwa nkhumba moyo.

Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu za Palawan zimatsogolera moyo wachinsinsi ndipo zimakonda malo omwe anthu sanawadziwe konse kutukuka: malo obisika, nkhalango zam'malo otsetsereka kumapiri otsetsereka a mapiri, kukwera mpaka 1.5,000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Nthawi zina nkhumbazi zimangokhala mitengo ya mangrove ndi m'nkhalango. Pofufuza chakudya, nyama nthawi zina zimapita kuminda yolimidwa yomwe ili ndi minda yolimidwa.

Malinga ndi okhala m'derali, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu za Palawan nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito dzuwa litalowa kapena m'mawa kwambiri. M'malo amene kusaka nkhumbazi kumakhala kofala kwambiri, nyama zimangokhala usiku.

Zakudya za nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu za Palawan sizimamveka bwino, koma malinga ndi asayansi, nkhumba izi ndizopatsa chidwi: zimadyetsa mizu ndi unyinji wobiriwira wazomera, zipatso, bowa, mphutsi ndi zina zam'mimba. Nthawi zambiri muzidya tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, osanyoza zovunda. Zomwe amakonda kwambiri pa nkhumba ndi zipatso zokhala ndi lipid za banja la beech (ma acorn ndi mtedza) ndi mitengo ya dipterocarp.

Nkhumba Yomera (Susibasi ) yalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red mu mndandanda wa "mitundu yosavomerezeka"

Malo ogawa komanso zakudya

Pomwe nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu imapezeka, nthawi zambiri imakhala yotentha. Mwachitsanzo, pachilumba cha Palawan, chomwe ndi gawo la Philippines, kutentha kumasungidwa nthawi zonse kuzungulira +26. Nyamayi idasankhanso zilumba za Borneo ndi Sumatra, pomwe dzuŵa silikhala loperewera, monga ku Peninsula ya Malaysia - malo ena a nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu.

Amakhala komweko, chifukwa moyo amayenera mitengo yamangati ndi nkhalango zotentha - mmenemo amapeza chakudya. Zakudya zake zazikulu ndi: mizu,

• wakucha ndi wakugwa zipatso
• Mbande za kanjedza,
• nyongolotsi
• tizilombo
• zovunda.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti gulu la nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimayenda mtunda wautali kuchokera pagulu la anyani ndikunyamula chakudya chomwe adataya pansi.

Chitetezo

Mu 90s ya zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kudula mitengo kwa mafakitale kunali koletsedwa kwathunthu pachilumba cha Palawan. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera kumadera ena ku Philippines ndipo chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa anthu akumaloko, komanso ndalama zochepa, akukakamiza anthu kuti azigwira ntchito yolima, kukulitsa nthaka yolima kudzera m'nkhalango. Kuphatikiza pa ulimi ndi usodzi, nzika zam'deralo zimatanganidwa kwambiri kusaka nkhumba za ndevu za Palawan mothandizidwa ndi misampha, zida zonyamula m'manja, ndi mabomba. Kusaka nkhumba zakutchire, komanso kukhudzidwa kwazomwe zimachitika ndi nyama zomwe zili mwazinyama mosakayikira zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu osunga nkhumba cha Palawan chimbe.

Eya, pomaliza, tayambiranso nkhumba zachilendo. Ndikukumbusani kuti kale zomwe tidalemba kale, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi kuswana. Koma panthawiyi, bambowo sanayankhe mlandu. Beard ndi nyama yopatsidwa mwachilengedwe.

Samawoneka ngati nkhumba zathu zamafuta aku Russia, kupatula mwina khobiri, komanso kukula. Nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimakhala ndi thupi lopindika komanso lonyowa, miyendo yawo ndi yayitali ndipo imapangidwa kachulukidwe, mchira wake suzungulira kupindika ndipo umakongoletsedwera kumapeto ndi kaphokoso kamphamvu.

Miyendo yonyowa

Koma, ngakhale ali ndi "matupi athupi," amalemera kwambiri - akuluakulu amafikira ma kilogalamu 150. Ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwamasentimita 100 mpaka 165 ndi kutalika kufota pafupifupi masentimita 75-80.

Chinyadiso komanso chodziwika bwino cha nyama iyi ndizomera zazitali komanso zazitali kumaso - mtundu wa ndevu "imvi". Zomwe zimafunikira sizikudziwika. Mwina kuphimba ma warts akuluakulu, omwe awiriwo amangokhala pansi pa ndevu. Mosiyana ndi kupukutira, thupi lonse la mumps limaphimbidwa ndi bulangeti losowa la imvi kapena lofiirira lakuda, pomwe pansi pake limakhala lofiirira kapena imvi.

Ndevu zachimvi

Kusala kwawo ndikutali kwambiri kuposa nkhumba zathu. Maso ndi ochepa komanso makutu ndi aatali. Zabwino pamawu :).

Kusiyidwa

M'matumbo a nkhumba zamtchire, mitundu itatu ya nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu imasiyanitsidwa. Amasiyana osati maonekedwe okha, komanso malo okhala. Chifukwa chake, nkhumba yokhala ndi ndevu za ku Borne (Sus barbatus barbatus ), kuweruza ndi dzina, kumakhalabe ndi moyo pafupifupi. Borneo, nkhumba yokhota kumapeto (Sus barbatus oi ) - ku Sumatra ndi ku Peninsula ya Malawi, ndi nkhumba ya ndevu ya Palawan (Sus ahoenobarbus - - pafupifupi. Palawan ndi zilumba zina zapafupi za Philippines.

Popeza kwawo kwawo kuli nkhalango zotentha ndi mitengo yamangati, chakudya chawo nchoyenera: zipatso zamtchire, mtedza, mizu, tizilombo, mphutsi ndi zina zosavulala. Nthawi zina amapita kuminda yamiyala ndi chinangwa.

Awa ndi nyama zonenepa zomwe zimakhala m'magulu a anthu 20-30. Kwa chaka chathunthu, amasuntha pang'onopang'ono kumbuyo kwa magulu a macaques ndi ma gibbons, omwe amasiya zipatso zambiri kuchokera pamitengo, zomwe nkhumba zimalephera kugwiritsa ntchito. Koma kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amayamba nyengo yosamukira, ndipo amayenda ulendo wautali.

Munthawi imeneyi, nkhumba zokhala ndi ndevu zimaphatikizidwa kukhala ng'ombe zazikulu, zokhala ndi mitu zikwizikwi. Ndipo mtsinje wamadziwu ukusunthira pafupi kummwera, kuthana ndi zopinga zonse mu mitsinje ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Panthawi yosamukira, amadya pang'ono, ngati atha kupeza chakudya panthawi yopumira.

Nthawi yosamukira kwa nyama izi ndi imodzi mwazokondedwa kwambiri pakati pa okhalamo - Masana. Amadziwa kale njira zonse za nkhumba zozungulira, ndipo kamodzi pachaka amabweretsa katundu wolemera kunyumba. Kusaka kotereku sikuyambitsa zowopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyamayi, chifukwa chake, mpaka atawopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa. Kufikira.

Za kubereka, zazikazi nthawi imodzi zimabweretsa kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 8 cubs. Mimba imatenga miyezi 4. Kwa ana ake amtsogolo, amapanga masamba ndi masamba ndipo amatulutsa "chisa" chapadera cha pafupifupi mamita awiri ndi kutalika mita imodzi. Piglets imakhalamo kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira. Ndipo, limodzi ndi amayi ndi gulu lonselo, pang'onopang'ono amachoka malo kupita kumalo. Ali ndi zaka 1 zakubadwa amayamba moyo wodziyimira, ndipo kuyambira miyezi 18 ali okonzeka kubereka.

Nkhumba Zomera Ndemanga