Dzina lachi Latin: | Coracias garrulus |
Gulu: | Ma Shellfish |
Banja: | Raksha |
Chosankha: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi jackdaw, pafupifupi jay, kutalika kwa masentimita 30- 343, mapiko a 66-73 masentimita, kulemera kwa 110-190 g. Imafanana ndi mbalame yokhala ngati mokhotakhota motalikirapo: kutalika, mutu waukulu, ndi mulomo wawukulu. Imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi nthabwala, koma amadyera ali ndi mchira waufupi komanso mapiko autali pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi ma corvid, samayenda kwambiri pansi ndipo sichimatero. Mapikowo ndiotalikirapo komanso mulifupi, kuthawa kwawo sathamanga komanso kosavuta, mwanjira zambiri amafanana ndi kuuluka kwa nkhunda kapena khwangwala. Akutsata nyama, amakhala nthawi yayitali kwakutali, kenako nkuigwera. Yogwira masana.
Kufotokozera. Mtundu wake umakhala wowala kwambiri komanso wosiyanitsa: kumbuyo kumakhala mgoza kapena bulawuni wowoneka bwino, nthenga za nthenga zimawoneka zakuda pamwamba, buluu wakuda pansi, thupi lonse limakhala lamtambo kapena lamtambo m'miyambo yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe awiri ang'ono abuluu amtundu wammawa. Mchira umadulidwa molunjika. Mukuthawa mapiko, kusiyana kwa nthenga zakuda ndi nthenga zofunda (zowoneka ngati "mapewa" pampiko) ndizowonekera. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto chimodzimodzi. Kusungunula pambuyo pake kumatha, kumayambira pamalo opangira nesting, kutha nthawi yachisanu. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, nthawi yophukira komanso yozizira, mbalame zimatha. Asanakhazikike molt, mbalamezi zimawala kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvala kwa nthenga zambiri. Anapiye amawaswa amaliseche komanso akhungu, chovala chamtunduwu chimapangidwa mokwanira pazaka pafupifupi 30, mbalame zazing'ono zimatopa kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu ophukira, zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni pamasaya, pakhosi, pachifuwa komanso nthenga zokhala ndi mapiko. Kusintha kwa ana pang'ono kumayamba mu Seputembala; pofika masika, mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyana pang'ono ndi akulu.
Mawu. Mawonekedwe akuthwa ngati "kraaa», «krrrr», «khansa», «ngati khansa", Kukumbukira kulira kwa ma corvids, makamaka ma rookrogs kapena jackdaws. Mu nyengo yakukonzekera, anyani amakonza ndege zatsopano ndikupanga phokoso lakuthwa, lokokedwa ndi mawu.
Kugawa, udindo. Malo osungirako nkhondowo ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, Western ndi Central Asia, kumpoto kwa Europe kumafika ku Nyanja ya Baltic, mpaka kummawa malire akumpoto amapita kumwera. Amakafika kum'mawa mpaka ku Altai. Nyengo makamaka ku South Africa. Pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa masanjidwewo, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofala, kumpoto kumakhala kocheperako.
Moyo. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri osatsegulidwa ndi mitengo, ku Europe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo osungirako mitengo ya oak komanso nkhalango za paini zopanda mipata. Chidacho chimapezeka m'maenje, m'makola momwe mumatha (chikhoza kukumbika chokha), m'miyala yamiyala ndi nyumba, pansi pamadenga a nyumba, nthawi zina mumakung'amba ndi maula m'mizere yakale. Nthawi zambiri amatenga zisa zawo za chaka chatha. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira atatu oyera, abambo ndi akazi amalowerera ndi kudyetsa ana.
Amadyetsa makamaka tizilombo tambiri, komanso akangaude, ma mollusks, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, zipatso zazing'ono, zipatso ndi zipatso. Imasaka m'malo opanda dothi kapena masamba ochepa ochepa, imagwira kapena kuwononga nyama pansi, ikuyang'ana kuti imere.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Syovorovka - mbalame yayikulu komanso yachilendo kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mapiko a munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 20 - 35, mapiko - 40 - 70 centimeter, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi mchira wake - 30 - 35 sentimita ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 200. Dzina lina la roe wabuluu - raksha.
Mbalameyi imakhala yolimba, koma yowala kwambiri komanso yokongola. Pansi pa thupi, mapiko, mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zobiriwira ngati buluu, zonyezimira ndi dzuwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu iyi, kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo ndi zofiirira, nthenga za mapikowo ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira, mchira waukulu wokongola, wokhala ndi nthenga 12 zamapiko, ndi buluu wowala. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zolembera zowoneka bwino pa nthenga, zomwe zimazimiririka ndi zaka.
Pazithunzizo pali roe wabuluu ili ndi mutu wawukulu mokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi. Mlomo wake ndi wolimba, wamawonekedwe owongoka, wopindika pang'ono m'mbali komanso ndi kansalu kakang'ono kumtunda, nsongayo imakhala yolumikizidwa pang'ono, yofiirira.
Kuzungulira mulomo wa mbalame ndi tsitsi lolimba - vibrissae. Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali amtunduwu ali ndi kukula ndi mitundu yake; zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake.
Mbalameyi imapezeka makamaka pamtunda wa steppe ndi nkhalango ku Western Asia, Europe, Africa; m'maiko a CIS imagawidwa kuchokera ku Altai kupita ku Tatarstan, kumwera kwa Kazakhstan. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imatha kupezeka munyengo yotentha yokha, chifukwa ndi nyengo yozizira mbalameyo imasamukira ku Africa. Komabe, pakupita nthawi, mbalame zochepa komanso zochepa zimabweranso nyengo yachisanu; kumadera ena a Russia, bulufini sakhalanso moyo.
Izi ndichifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri - kutengera kwa anthu kumalo okhala mbalame, kuwedza ndi kuwombera mbalame nyama, nthenga zokongola ndi nyama zotulutsidwa zimakhudza anthu onse.
Chithunzi chake ndi bere la lilac
Mwambiri, mtundu umaphatikizapo mitundu 8: Abyssinian, Bengal, Sinebryukha, red-caped, rocket-tailed, Sulawes, wamba ndi lilac bere. Mayina ambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuweruza mawonekedwe osiyana siyana amtunduwu kuchokera kwa abale ena.
17.10.2013
Chovala chowoneka bwino cha maso a buluu (Chilatini: Coracias garrulus) ndi mbalame yokongola yowoneka ndi zokongola zambiri kuchokera ku banja la Sizovoronkovye (Coraciidae) wa dongosolo la Coraciiformes. M'mbuyomu, zinali zofala ku Europe konse. Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango komanso kudula kwa mitengo yakale sikuthanso malo ake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo polima kumabweretsa ziweto zokhala ndi theka, zomwe sizimalola kuti azidyetsa anapiye mokwanira komanso zimakhudzanso kukonzanso kwa anthu athanzi.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma buloni omwe amakhala ku Europe akuyerekeza anthu pafupifupi 100,000, omwe ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ku Ukraine, Russia ndi Turkey.
Khalidwe
Zisa za bluefin zodziwika bwino ku Europe, South -est Asia ndi North Africa. Nthawi yozizira imakhala ku Cote d'Ivoire, komanso ku East, Central ndi South Africa. Amakonda kukhazikika m'dera la m'nkhalango paz mitengo zosiyana kapena m'nkhalango zakale za paini ndi nkhalango za oak.
Posachedwa, chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe, amawonekera ngakhale m'mapaki amtawuni komanso m'magombe. M'malo momwe muli mitsinje yambiri dothi, nthawi zambiri amakonza zisa m'makumba kamakumba pansi.
Mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi chikondi chowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa chake zimachokera ku Africa nthawi zambiri kokha mu Meyi, ndikuuluka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yamvula komanso yozizira, ndiye kuti sizibereka konse.
Kunja kwa nyengo yocheperako, makoswewo amakhala moyo wawekha. Amakonda kukwera mitengo yayitali ndikusamala nyama. Akamuwona, mlenjeyo nthawi yomweyo amawgwetsa pansi ndikumenya wozunzayo mlengalenga mwachangu liwiro. Atagwira kachilombo ndi mlomo wake wamphamvu, amawameza nthawi yomweyo.
Kuuluka kwa msampha wamafuta nthawi zambiri sikupita 100-200 m. Iye sakonda kuyenda pansi, komabe, nthawi zina samakonda kudya abuluzi ang'ono, achule ndi makoswe. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, chakudya chake chimathandizidwa ndi zipatso zakupsa ndi zipatso.
Pangozi, amaulula chinsinsi cham'mimba, chomwe chimawopseza adani ambiri.
Zambiri pazokhudza gulu
Mbalame za Raksha ndizotentha. Izi zikuphatikiza Todi, kingfishers, motmotov, hoopoe, crayfish ndi syovoronkovy (kapena nsomba zazinkhanira). Makamaka kukopa chidwi cha asodzi, kudumphira m'madzi posaka nsomba, komanso kugwirizana ndi nthano yakale yakale. Agiriki akale amakhulupirira kuti Ceyx ndi Alcyone (mkazake), amene anagwetsa sitimayo ku Delphi, anasandulika kukhala ogula. Achichaina adagwiritsa ntchito nthenga za buluu zowala za mitundu ina ya mbalamezi kukongoletsa zojambulazo.
Mbalame zina za dongosololi - zimadya njuchi - zimayimbidwa mlandu wofuna kusaka njuchi zofunikira. Ndipo ku North America amaonedwa ngati adani chifukwa choti osaka mfuti, amadyera njuchi pama nsomba achichepere. Mbalame ina - kookaburra - imaseka kwambiri ngakhale mawu a bulu. Bluefin imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pakati pa abale ake.
Nkhani yotsatirayi ilongosola zambiri za mbalameyi.
Habitats ndi Nesting
Mbalame ya makoswe imakhala m'mapiri komanso m'matanthwe. M'magulu akulu, amatha kuwonekera pama waya omwe amachokerako nthawi ndi nthawi. M'madera akumpoto kwambiri kwa masanjidwewo, amalolera m'malo ovuta ndi otenthedwa, komanso m'nkhalango za paini ndi m'nkhalango zowuma.
Kupewedwa kwa nkhalango zowirira ndi mitengo yazipatso. Amakonda madera okhala m'nkhalango, nkhalango za m'minda, mitengo ya msondodzi, nkhalango za oak ndi minda yambiri. M'madera opeza, amasankha miyala, mitsinje, mitsinje, ndi zina.
Mbalameyi ili ndi malo okhalamo bwino ku Eurasia: kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Spain, France, Germany, Eastern Europe yonse mpaka Siberia ndi Tan Shan, komanso Kashmir ku Central Asia. Dera lokhalamo Sweden likufesa 61 °. latitude, ndipo ku Finland - mpaka 62 °. Ku Russia, amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi mizinda ya Kalinin, St. Petersburg, Gorky, Moscow ndi Kazan. M'madera akumwera kwambiri kwa Russia, sakhala wamba. Malo okongoletsa - kum'mawa kwa Urals, mdera la Kokchetav wa Kazakhstan (njira yapakati pamtsinje wa Irtysh). Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Africa ndi Australia.
M'madera akumwera, makoko abuluu amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi, ndipo kumpoto, amasamuka. Kuuluka kwa mbalamezi mumtambo wa chernozem kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Ndipo ku Crimea ndi Caucasus, mbalameyi imangokhala nthawi yayitali kumapeto, pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Zimawuluka zazing'ono pamagulu ochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha. Thawirani ku Africa.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 35 cm ndipo limalemera magalamu 180. Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndi kofanana ndi kambuku wamba. Zambiri mwa mbalame za sysooron (raksha) ndi zamtambo zobiriwira. Mapewa ndi kumbuyo kwawo ndi abulauni kapena ofiira. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, waufupi komanso wolimba mokwanira. Gawo lam'munsi kumbuyo, komanso kwamkati, ndi mtundu wamtambo wonyezimira, ndipo nthenga zonse za pansi pake ndi zobiriwira zakuda. Mapiko akuthwa am'madzi akuuluka akuwoneka bwino.
Mutu wa mbalame zazing'ono ndi mbewa yotuwa. Kuuluka kwawo ndikuthanso, ndipo mapiko akuuluka ndikuzama. Pansi amayenda mosasunthika. Ma rolling a buluu ali ndi liwu lakuthwa, lonyoza komanso mawu okongola.
Chapakatikati, amuna amalankhula. Amakhala otalika kwambiri ndi ma jerky, omveka amtundu wofanana ndi "khansa ya khansa khansa - ...". Kupitilira apo, nthawi zina, amalira mokweza komanso mawu amiseche - "raker-raker- ...".
Pakati pa mbalame zina zokongola modabwitsa, makoswewo ndi okongola kwambiri.
Pomaliza pankhani ya zakudya
Mbalame ya makoswe imakonda kudya tizilombo. Awa ndi ziwala, zolaula, nyongolotsi, kafadala wamkulu. Nthawi zina amadya, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi makoswe ang'ono, achule, abuluzi. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, zipatso ndi zipatso zimawoneka muzakudya.
Amayang'ana nyama yawo, atakhala pamiyala yamatanda amagetsi komanso panthambi za mitengo ndi tchire.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Blue Roller - Mbalamekukhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Kuti apulumuke bwinobwino nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imayenda mtunda wautali komanso nyengo yotentha kumadera akumwera kwa Africa. Oimira akuluakulu amtunduwu amachoka kukazizira mu Ogasiti, ndiye, mu Seputembala, atachoka mnyumbamo ndikukula kwachinyamata, amabwerera kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Monga lamulo, grin ya buluu imagwera pansi, nthawi ndi nthawi - kutalika ndi "kuthira". Ndizachilendo kwambiri kuwona mbalame pansi, zomwe sizodabwitsa - miyendo yamtunduwu ndi yolimba komanso yothina, komanso yayitali, ndiye kuti, sizingatheke kuti mbalame iziyenda wapansi.
Poyang'ana nyama, mbalame imatha kukhala panthambi za mitengo kapena kutalika kulikonse koyenera izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mbalameyi imapewa nkhalango zowirira ndi nkhalango, kusankha zipululu ndi zipululu, mapiri ndi mapiri. M'masiku otentha, mbalameyo imakhala moyo wakhama, wosasuntha nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya, pamitambo ndi masiku amvula - imakhala m'malo otetezeka.
Chakudya
Wamba Blue Roller onyoza chakudya. Mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, monga kafadala, cicadas, ziwala, dzombe, agulugufe ndi mbozi, kupemphera zovala, komanso kusanyoza njuchi ndi mavu, ntchentche zazikulu, nyerere, chiswe.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame imatha kudya makoswe ang'ono, zinkhanira, akangaude, abuluzi ang'ono, achule, centipedes. Kutengera nyengo, amadya mphesa, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, mbewu zomwe zimapezeka panjira.
M'malo momwe kusaka kunatha ndikulandidwa nyama yamoyo, yopanda ndege, mwachitsanzo, mbewa yaying'ono, mbalameyo imakweza mtunda waukulu ndikuitaya, kuigwiritsa kangapo, kenako ndikudya.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nyengo yakukhwima imayamba pakati, kumapeto kwa masika, mbalame zitangofika kuchokera kumayiko otentha. Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe mapiko a rosin imapatsa mwayi mwayi kwa amuna kuchita zanzeru zachilendo mlengalenga kuti akope chidwi cha akazi, zomwe amachita.
Ikuwuluka mozungulira wokondedwayo, yamphongo imavina gule, yodzaza ndi ma pirouette osaganizira ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu. Kupanga awiri, mbalame zimakhalabe zokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo. Pobwerera kumalo odyera, yamphongoyo imamaliranso chidwi ndi mkazi wakeyo, ndikum'patsa mphamvu zam'tsogolo komanso kuthawa.
Makoswe amiyala ya buluuMonga lamulo, lomwe linalengedwa kale ndi winawake kale, koma osiyidwa kapena mabowo, amatha kukhalanso ndi nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, maboma ankhondo.
Zachidziwikire, kusankha malo okonzekeretsa nyumba ya mbalame kumadalira malo okhala nthawi yanthawi yachisanu, chifukwa chake, kumalo otetezekako, ma bulugamu amakhala ndi maboti opanda kanthu kapena kukumba pamalo otsetsereka, m'nkhalango zachilendo amakhala m'malo obisika.
Pali zochitika za mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'magulu - awiriawiri amakhala ndi bowo limodzi ndikukhazikitsa zisa zawo pamenepo. Dzenje lolowera mbalame ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60; chisa chili kumapeto kwenikweni. Zinyalala za mbalame zimapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu wouma ndi masamba ang'ono, komabe, mabanja ena satero.
Mu chithunzi, buluu-m'mimba buluu-wokazinga
Kulumikizana kumachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi, komwe kumakhala ndi mazira ang'onoang'ono azisanu ndi anayi okhala ndi chipewa chonyezimira. Ndipo, kwa milungu itatu, mayiyo amasangalatsa ana obwera mtsogolo. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, anapiye amakokana, omwe sangathe kudzipezera okha chakudya kwa mwezi umodzi.
Makolo amadyetsa ana, nawonso amateteza chisa chawo. Ana akangokula ndi kulimba pang'ono ndipo atha kukhala wodziyimira pawokha, osatalikirapo, kuuluka, amachoka ku chisa chokhala ndi moyo wodziimira pawokha.
Kusungunuka koyamba kwa nyama zazing'ono kumachitika mu Januwale, kosakwanira - mu Seputembu, ndege isanayambe. Ali ndi zaka 2, mbalame zazing'ono zikufunafuna kale banja laling'ono ndikukonzekera zisa zawo. Zaka zambiri zokhala ndi moyo zaka 9.