Padziko lapansi pansi pamadzi pali nyama zambiri zam'madzi zabwino komanso zowoneka bwino komanso zosaiwalika. Izi nsomba "zopindika" zimaphatikizapo scalar wamba. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake okongola, kusaganiza bwino komanso mawonekedwe a moyo wabwino, kalekale adakhala malo osakhala mitsinje yotentha yokha, komanso nyumba zam'mizinda.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Common Angelfish
Kuwala kwamtunduwu kunachokera ku chilengedwe kuchokera ku nsomba zamfupa, zomwe zimawonekera chifukwa cha chisinthiko zaka 290 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera kwa makolo achikazi zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo, onse okhala ngati zidachitika, omwe pambuyo pake adasiyanasiyana kotero kuti pakadali pano dongosolo la Perch liziwoneka kuti ndilochuluka kwambiri mwa mitundu ya nsomba (11,255 mitundu).
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Common angelfish
Mitundu yotchuka ya angelfish ili ndi mitundu iyi:
- Thupi ndi lalitali, lopapatiza, lamphamvu kumbali. Mutu uli ndi mawonekedwe a kakona, maso akulu ofiira ali kumbali zake,
- Kukula kwa nsomba ndi kwapakatikati, kutalika kwa akuluakulu kumakhala masentimita 12 mpaka 15, ndipo kutalika kwake mpaka 20 cm. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ali ofanana pafupifupi magawo, champhongo ndi chokulirapo.
- Zipsepse zamkati ndi ma anal zimakhala ndi malekezero osakanikirana, chifukwa maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi phale. Zipsepse zamakutu zimawoneka ngati tinyanga yayitali,
- Mtundu wa scalar wamba ndi wa siliva wonyezimira komanso wowoneka bwino wamtambo, pomwe milozo inayi yakuda imayimirira, Mzere woyamba umadutsa m'maso mwa nsomba, wotsiriza umadutsa m'malo a caudal fin. Kumbuyo kuli mthunzi wakuda kwambiri.
Zochititsa chidwi: "Scalar wamba amatha kusintha mtundu wa mikwingwirima yopendekera thupi kukhala yodutsa. Kusintha koteroko ndi iye kumachitika pamavuto. "
Amuna ndi akazi osiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake. Atakula, wamwamuna amakhala ndi fasho yayitali ndipo amakhala ndi chikwama chamafuta pamphumi, chifukwa chake pamphumi ndizowzungulira ndipo chachikazi ndichoterera. Zowonekera pakati pawo zimawonekera pokhapokha pakubzala. Amphongo, pamimba, pamakhala mawonekedwe owoneka amphongo, ndipo wamkazi, ndi ovipositor.
Kodi scalar wamba amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: nsomba za Angelfish
Nyemba zodziwika bwino ndi nsomba zam'madzi otentha. Malo okhalamo nthawi zonse ndi malo osungirako dziko la South America, chigwa cha mtsinje waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku Amazon, kuyambira ku Peru mpaka kugombe lakummawa kwa Brazil, komanso mtsinje wa parino wa Orinoco. Nthawi zina amapezekanso mu mtundu waung'ono wa anthu mumitsinje ya Guiana ndi ku Brazil.
Dera la Amazon limaonedwa kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi ma scalars, chifukwa nthawi zonse limakhala ndi kutentha kwamadzi, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga nsomba izi. M'madzi ake, amakhala moyandikana ndi ena okhala pamalo osangalatsawa, mwachitsanzo: ma guppies, swordsmen, neon, discus. Pamodzi, amapanga anthu ambiri am'mtsinje - opitilira 2,5,000.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu wamba chimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono, mitsinje ikubwerera, madambo komanso kusefukira kwa mitsinje. Chofunikira kuti akhale malo awo okhala ndi nkhokwe zamadzi.
Pofalitsa zipsera, mazira wamba amagona pamtunda wa masamba am'madzi, motero amakonda kukhala m'malo osungirako okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, pomwe nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakula zimatha kubisala mosavuta kwa adani.
Kodi scalar wamba amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Scalaria vulgaris
M'malo achilengedwe, ma scalars wamba amakhala ngati nsomba zolusa.
Zomwe amadya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyama:
- ma invertebrates ang'ono - daphnia, cyclops, tubule,
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zomwe zimakhala pamadzi,
- nsomba zina zazing'ono.
Kuyesera kuthana ndi womenyedwayo, ma scalars amakhala ndi liwiro lalitali, lomwe amatha kuchita mothandizidwa ndi thupi lopapatiza komanso zipsepse zolimba zazitali. Ngakhale kuti nsomba izi zimatha nthawi yayitali kubisala mu algae, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lama michere, chifukwa zimafunikira chakudya chama protein.
Mphutsi za scalar zofala monga gawo lama michere limagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu yolk sac. Akamasintha kuchoka ku mphutsi kukhala mwachangu, pang'onopang'ono amasintha ndikudyetsa plankton yaying'ono. Fry okhwima amaphunzira kusaka nyama yayikulu, momwe amathandizira makolo.
Pakadali pano, angelfish amadziwika kwambiri komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba yokongoletsa m'madzi am'madzi, pomwe amadyetsedwa ndikuphatikiza ndi zosakaniza ndi nyama (magazi, mphutsi za udzudzu) ndi mankhwala othandizira azitsamba (zidutswa za sipinachi ndi letesi). Chakudyacho chimatha kukhala chamtundu wowuma, komanso chokhala ndi malo owuma.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Angelfish
Angelezi ndi anthu wamba okhala mwam'madzi otentha. Amakonda kukhala m'gulu lankhondo lomwe awiriawiri amapanga wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Chowonekera pawiri la scalars ndikudzipereka kwawo kwa wina ndi mnzake mu moyo wawo wonse.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti: "Ngati mmodzi wa okwatirana atamwalira wina, ndiye kuti satsalira wina."
Oyimira mitundu wamba ya scalar amatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuthera nthawi yayitali pakati pazinthu zamadzi. Chifukwa cha thupi lathyathyathya, amasambira mosavuta pakati pa thalli ya algae, ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopindika.
Masana, amapeza chakudya panthawi yosaka, ndipo usiku amapuma, kubisala m'nkhalango za zomera zam'madzi. Asanayambe kusaka, ma scals amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amasilira mwala akudikira nyama. Pakakhala chakudya choyenera, chimatsamira ndi gulu lonse la ziweto ndipo chimang'amba.
Kunja kwa nyengo yakukula, anthu okhwima mwauzimu amakhala mnansi wamtendere. Koma nthawi yolimbayi, amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, kuyesera kuteteza gawo lawo ndi ana awo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amasamalira caviar komanso mwachangu limodzi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Common Angelfish
Mwa anthu, ma scal amakula pang'onopang'ono kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka 12 ya moyo. Ndi kuyamba kwa kutalika kwa nthawi, magulu awiriawiri amapezeka pakati pawo, omwe amakhala m'dera lomwe akukhalamo ndikukonzekera kuswana. Kuti achite izi, amapeza malo pomwe angaikire mazira. Itha kukhala mwala kapena gawo lalikulu la chomera cham'madzi. Pamodzi, amatsuka zinyalala ndi zolembera kwa masiku angapo, kenako ndikuponya mazira akuluakulu, owala pansi.
Pafupifupi, scalar yachikazi wamba imatha kuyikira mazira 150-200. Kenako pakubwera nthawi yovuta yoteteza ana awo, yomwe yamphongo ndi yachikazi imakumana nawonso limodzi. Amachotsa mazira akufa ndikutsuka amoyo. Tetezani ku nsomba zina. Patatha masiku awiri, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimatsalira wina ndi mzake ndipo zimatetezedwa ndi makolo awo. Ngati chiwopsezo chikaoneka mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti champhongo ndi chachikazi chimatha kuwasamutsiranso mkamwa kupita kumalo otetezeka.
Pakupita milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimasinthidwa kukhala mwachangu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, makolo achikondi amasamalira ana osakhwima. Amasonkhanitsa mwachangu pagulu ndikuyenda nawo, kuwateteza ku zoopsa. Amathandizira pogaya plankton yayikulu kuti mwachangu adye. Kutengera machitidwe a mamba munyengo yakukhwima, titha kutcha nsomba izi kuti ndi anzeru zenizeni za pansi pano zamadzi. Nthawi yamoyo pazachilengedwe komanso ukapolo ndi zaka pafupifupi 8-10.
Adani achilengedwe a zipsera wamba
Chithunzi: wamwamuna wa Angelfish
Pokhala m'mitsinje ya Amazonia, scalar wamba imakumana ndi adani ake achilengedwe kumeneko. Popeza nsomba ndi zazing'ono kukula, zimatha kukhala nyama zazikulu zaanthu komanso oyimira pakati pa mitsinje.
Izi nsomba zikuphatikiza:
- ma piranhas, omwe ali olimba kwambiri komanso ali ndi mano akuthwa, amatha kuluma chala kapena ndodo nawo.
- Payara - nsomba yodziwika yaying'ono yomwe ili ndi awiriawiri amaso akuthwa, awiri amodzi akuwoneka ndipo enawo amapindidwa mkati mwa nsagwada, amakhalanso ndi chidwi cha chakudya,
- Aravana amatanthauza nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimadya, amakhala m'mitsinje ya m'mitsinje ndi madzi osasunthika ndipo amadya nsomba zomwe zimakhala pamenepo.
Cayman angatchulidwenso kuti ndi adani a scalar. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhutira ndi nsomba zazing'ono ngati gwero la chakudya. Pakulimbana kwamoyo, scalar munthawi ya kusinthika idatha kusintha.
"Makadi ake" apamwamba a lipenga polimbana ndi adani ndi:
- Thupi lolowa kuti lisunthike mosavuta pakati pa tchire,
- ziphuphu zolimba, zazitali zakukulolani kuti mupange kuthamanga kwambiri,
- mikwingwirima yosakhazikika pamthupi imathandizira kubisala pakati pa thalli ya algae.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Common angelfish
Kuchuluka kwa scalar kuli ndi izi:
- Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'matumba a anthu 10, omwe gulu lalikulu limagwira. Awiri akuluakulu komanso olimba akutsogolera pakusaka ndikukhala malo abwino kwambiri oswana, omwe amateteza mwachangu
- Kukula kwa chiwerengerochi kumakhala kovuta kuwerengera chifukwa cha kusankha ndi kuswana kwa nsombazi kumizinda zam'mizinda ndi zapakhomo. Koma titha kunena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chayamba,
- Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chokhala ndi caviar, mphutsi ndi mwachangu, ma scalars amatha kupulumutsa ana ambiri kuimfa.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndikovuta kuzikwaniritsa mitundu yachilengedwe yamabala m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa nsomba iyi sikuti imachokera ku America. Koma asayansi obereketsa kwa zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito kuti athe kutsata mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, yomwe anthu sangayione.
Chochititsa chidwi: "Oberera adatulutsa mawonekedwe amafuta amdima omwe amawala mumdima."
Popeza kuti ambiri amasaka, palibe chifukwa chofunikira choti nsomba zochuluka zamtunduwu zigwiritsidwe ntchito zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya scalar pano imawonedwa kuti ndi yotukuka. Scalar wamba - Iyi ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, yomwe imakhala ndi "moyo wadziko", wamtendere, komanso mawonekedwe okongola ndi osiyanasiyana asintha mitima yaanthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Makhalidwe akunja
Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a disc. Zipsepse zamkati ndi zotumphukira sizingasunthike, zikufanana ndi bwato, zipsepse zamtoto zotalika komanso zopota. Maluso a caudal ndi okopedwa ndipo amakula mokwanira. Mphepete mwa zipsepazo ndi lowongoka ndipo limatha. M'madzi akuluakulu, pamphumi imatuluka. Angelo ali ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm, kutalika kwa thupi ndikokulirapo.
Mtundu wa siliva ndi siliva wokhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, mtundu wa muzzle, kumbuyo ndi mbali yakumbuyo kumaso. Mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka m'mbali, yoyamba imadutsa kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi maso mpaka kumapeto kwa gawo laling'ono, lachiwiri kuchokera kumapeto kwa dorsal mpaka kwa anal fin, lachitatu mu anal fin, lachinayi limadutsa koyambira kumapeto kwa Caudal. Kumtunda kwa thupi, mutha kuwona magulu obisika. Mtundu wa dorsal fin ndi chikasu chofiirira, gawo lakunja la zipsepse zamkati limakhala lofiirira, ndipo zigawo zofewa za zipsepsezozo sizopyapyala. Ma angelfish wamba sapezeka nthawi zambiri mumitundu yachilengedwe - zitsanzo zokongoletsera ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa (yakuda, golide, marble, ngale).
Onani nsomba zam'madzi zakutchire zakunyumba kwanu.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Kukula kocheperako kwa nsomba yobereketsa ya nsomba ndi ma malita 60, koma ngati mukufuna kukonza angapo mwa nsomba izi, ndikofunika kukhazikitsa tanki ya malita 100 kapena kuposerapo. Awiri a angelfish ndi mwachangu ayenera kukhala m'nyumba yopanda zambiri. Kupsinjika kumakhudza thanzi ndi machitidwe. Mu thanki yayikulu, opanga nthawi zambiri samadya mazira ndi mwachangu. Magawo a chilengedwe cham'madzi: kutentha 23-29 digiri Celsius, acidity 5.0-7.5 pH, kuuma kofewa kapena kwapakati kuyambira 1 mpaka 20 dH. 15-20% yamadzi iyenera kusinthidwa ndi madzi abwino sabata iliyonse. Scalar imagwirizana ndi nsomba zotere:
- Makola
- Danio
- Gourami
- Maboti,
- Mollies
- Pecilia
- Plekstomusami,
- Iris
- Mwa masamba
- Labeo,
- Malupanga
- Tetra.
Mafuta amtunduwu sagwirizana ndi mitundu iyi ya nsomba:
- Mabasiketi (oyanjana pang'ono),
- Cockerels
- African and South America cichlids,
- Discus
- Goldfish
- Guppy
- Mitembo ya Koi
- Astronotus.
Nyemba zodziwika bwino, ngakhale ndizachilengedwe, ndibwino kupatsa zakudya zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu a brine shrimp, mphutsi za udzudzu, zopukutira bwino zouluka, mphutsi zouma za ntchentche, letesi ndi sipinachi ndizoyenera kwa iwo ngati chakudya. Mutha kudyetsa chakudya chouma, koma osati kangapo. M'masitolo azinyama mungagule mafuta a spirulina, ndikuwonjezera pazakudya. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti apereke nyama yamafuta kwa nyama yamagazi ofunda.
Zomera zamoyo ziyenera kubzalidwa m'madzimo onse am'madzi oyera. Ubwino wamadzi umayendetsedwa ndi zomera zam'madzi, zimathandizira kukonza magawo am'madzi, zimalepheretsa kukula kwa algae ndi madzi okwanira ndi mpweya. Zomera zam'madzi zamtundu wamadzi ndizokoma kwa scalar pomwe zimatulutsa, zimayikira mazira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zaku South America mu aquarium, zomwe zingapangitse kufanana kwa biotope yachilengedwe. Echinodorus, Javanese moss, ceratopteris, Philippines moss ndizosavuta kusunga, sizilumidwa ndi nsomba.
Tayang'anani pa scalar wamba mu aquarium wamba.
Malamulo ak kubereka
Gulu lodziwika bwino la angelfish ndi mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya ma cichlids. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pamasamba a mbewu zopingasa, zomwe ziyenera kubzalidwe kale. Izi nsomba amapanga awiriawiri kuyambira ali aang'ono pomwe nsomba 4-8 zilipo mu aquarium. Amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 6-12 ndipo pambuyo pake, akafika kutalika kwa 5 cm, kutengera ndi madzi.
Awiriwa amafunika kuwaza ndi madzi oyera, asanawonongeke amapezeka ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi koma chopatsa mphamvu. Madzi omwe ali mu thankiyo akuyenera kukhala ocheperapo pang'ono, ofewa komanso otentha, pH 6.6, kuuma 5 dGH, kutentha 27-29 digiri Celsius.
Nyerere zodziwika bwino ndizo nsomba zambiri, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 1000 pamasamba oyera, yamphongo imanyamula ndikuwaphatikiza. Ngakhale kuti nthumwi zambiri za banja la a Cichlids zimasamalira ana, mu scalars pamachitidwe awa palibe. Ngati sakudya mazira, amawateteza. Chifukwa chiyani opanga amatha kudya caviar? Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kubzala pakati pa mitundu ya nyama kapena kuterera mu thanki.
Mphutsi zamtundu umayamba kuswa patapita masiku angapo, pambuyo pa sabata mwachangu amasambira. Makolo ndi mwachangu adzakhala jamb mu Aquarium. Mwachangu amatha kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi za Artemia m'milungu yoyamba ya moyo.