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Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814) Mtundu wachikasu, kapena mabass american (lat. Perca flavescens), ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano zamadzimadzi zochokera ku banja la perch (Percidae) perch-like (Perciformes). Makonda ofanana ndi mitsinje (Perca fluviatilis,, koma imasiyana m'miyeso yaying'ono, kamwa yayikulu ndi chikasu, m'malo mwa ziphuphu zofiirira, zotulutsa komanso zotupa. Mtunduwu umakhala pafupi ndi kutsidya lamtsinje kotero kuti ofufuza ena amawona kuti ndi mtundu wa izi, chifukwa cha izi Perca fluviatilis flavescens. Ubale wamtunduwu umatsimikizidwanso ndikuti iwo, atasakanizidwa, amatha kubereka ana othandiza komanso akukula msanga. MawonekedweKutalika kwa nsomba yayikulu yachikasu kumayambira 10 mpaka 25 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi g 500. Mbiri yolembedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi yolemera makilogalamu 1.91, yomwe anagwidwa mu 1865 mu Delaware River (USA). Akazi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa abambo. Imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wachikasu: kumbuyo ndi kobiriwira, ndipo kusintha kwina kumakhala kwa bulawuni wagolide, mbali zake ndi zachikaso, zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira, zobiriwira zamizere 6 mpaka 6, mimbayo ndi yoyera kapena (mwinanso) . Amuna, pakutuluka, mtundu wake umakhala wowala, ndipo ziphuphu za ma anal komanso zowonekera pang'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Thupi la chikasu ndi lozungulira pamtanda, mzere wofananira umakhala mamba 57-62, mawonekedwe omalizira amakhala ndi mayere 12-16, ndipo anal fin 7-8. Mutu umakhala wolocha pang'ono m'maso, umawonetsa chidwi, masaya adakutidwa ndi mizere 8-10. KufalitsaMtunduwu umapezeka ku North America kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Canada kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States, kudutsa pakati ndi kumwera kwa Canada, dera la Great Lakes, kupita ku South South ku United States. Komanso, mitunduyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States komanso ku British Columbia kumadzulo kwa Canada. Yellow perch ndi mitundu yosinthika mwachilengedwe: imakhala m'mitsinje yoyenda mwachangu komanso m'madziwe oyenda ndi madzi, koma kulikonse, imayesetsa kukhalanso pakati pa zomera zam'madzi. Shaki yoyeraAliyense amadziwa chomwe shaki yoyera yayikulu, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amadziwa kuti ili ndi dzina lina, la Karharodon. Sikuti ngwazi yayikulu kwambiri, komanso yamagazi kwambiri mwa oimira onse amtunduwu. Wachikulire amatha kukula mpaka 8 metres. Ambiri amatcha "imfa yoyera" chifukwa owononga ambiri nthawi zambiri amawukira. AnchovAnchovy ndi nsomba yaing'ono yam'madzi yosanja, yoweta ng'ombe, yokhala ndi mafuta owonda pang'ono ndi kakomedwe kena kofanana ndi sardines. Zimafika kutalika 20 cm, ndipo zimalemera mpaka magalamu zana limodzi. Malo okhala anchovini ndi nyanja komanso madzi abwino otentha komanso otentha, kuphatikizapo Nyanja Yakuda, Nyanja ya Azov ndi Nyanja ya Japan. M'malo a kuchotsa anchovichi amadyedwa mwatsopano, wodziwika bwino m'mawonekedwe. Mullet (Sultanka)Mtundu wa nsomba kuchokera ku banja la Drum. Imatha kutalika masentimita 45. Zingwe zazitali zazitali zopendekeka kuchokera pachidebe cha mullet yofiira zimathandizira kuyambitsa mchenga wa nyanja ndikupanga chakudya. Nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi amchere a Black, Mediterranean, Azov, komanso nyanja za Pacific ndi Indian. Kulawa zakudya za mullet ndi nsomba zothina, nyama imakoma kwambiri. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mafuta ake apadera, omwe amadzaza nawo. Imakhala yofatsa kwambiri, yoyambirira komanso yolimba ndi fungo labwino. ChubNsomba za carp. Imafika kutalika kwa 80 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 5 kapena kuposerapo. Imapezeka m'mitsinje yokhala ndi mayendedwe othamanga komanso apakatikati, ming'alu, ziphuphu komanso madzi ozizira. Chubulo limapuma pamtundu wa rapid - pansi pa zophwanya, kumbuyo kwa miyala, pansi pa mitengo yolowera, m'miyala, m'tchire ndi mitengo, kututa tizilombo tomwe talowa m'madzi, timakonda maluwa. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wakuda, waukulu, wokulirapo pang'ono (womwe udatchedwa ndi dzina), thupi loyandikira ngati cylindrical ndi mamba olimba. Kumbuyo kwa chub ndi kubiriwira kwakuda, pafupifupi kwakuda, mbali zake ndizovala zachikasu. Cub imadya tizilombo touluka, ana a nkhanu, nsomba, ndi achule. Salimoni yapinkiNsomba nsomba zabanja. Dzina lachiwiri la nsomba ndi nsomba za pinki. DoradoNsomba za banja lanjali, zimagawidwa makamaka m'malo otentha komanso zam'madzi zam'madzi zonse zam'madzi komanso nyanja yoyandikana nayo. Zokhudza banja la perch ndipo ndi wachibale wapamtima kwambiri. Dzinali ruff adamupatsa chifukwa adafinya zipsepse zake atazindikira ngozi. Ndi ya nsomba zingapo za mtundu umodzi, zofewa komanso zonyoza, zipsepse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi. Thupi la ruff ndi lalifupi, laling'ono, lopindika m'mbali zake. Ruffishy ruff ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Khungu limakhala ndi ntchofu wambiri. Nsomba zopanda mambaNsomba za ku Anarhichadiae nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic ndi Pacific Oceans, komwe kutentha kwa madzi sikukwera kuposa madigiri 14. Ziphuphu zamatchire zimapezeka pagombe la North America, kuyambira ku California kupita ku Alaska, nsomba zaku Far East zimapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, ndipo zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Atlantic kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. m'mphepete mwa England ndi Ireland (kawirikawiri ku Gulf of Finland). FulondaFlounder - nsomba zam'nyanja, zomwe ndi za banja la flatfish. Thupi lolowa mwamphamvu, komanso maso omwe ali mbali imodzi ya nsomba, ndizosiyana zake ziwiri zazikulu. Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala kudzanja lamanja. Thupi lotseguka limakhala loyera ndi mitundu iwiri: mbali yakumaso ndi yakuda bii ndi malo achikasu a lalanje, ndipo "wakhungu "yo ndi yoyera, yoyera ndi mawanga. Flounder imadyera crustaceans ndi nsomba zam'munsi. Mumphaka zamalonda, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Chonde cha mapepala akuluakulu chimachokera mazira masauzande mpaka mamiliyoni khumi. CrucianCarc Cruc ndi nsomba ya banja la carp. Dorsal fin ndi yayitali, mano a pharyngeal ndi mzere umodzi. Thupi limakhala lalitali ndi msana wakhuthala, woponderezedwa pambuyo pake. Mamba ake ndi akulu komanso osalala pokhudza. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana ndi malo okhala. Goldfish imatha kutalika thupi loposa 50 masentimita komanso kulemera koposa 3 kg, carp ya crucian nthawi zambiri imatha kukhala 40 cm ndi kulemera mpaka 2 kg, komabe, anthu mpaka 60 cm ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 7-8 amapezeka, zimatengera malo ndi zinthu zina kudyetsa nsomba. Carp ya golide imafika paunyamata mchaka cha 3-4. Zomera zam'madzi zimayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa chirimwe. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, anthu oyenda panyanja amagwera pansi, kwinaku akupirira kuzizira kwina konse kotsikira mpaka pansi. Carp ndi wofanana ndi waku crucian, makamaka ali mwana. Koma akamakula, kusiyana kumawonekeranso - carp ndi yokulirapo, yokulirapo komanso yayitali. Carp wamkulu ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Milomo ili ngati bream, yopanda mphamvu komanso yogwira ntchito. Mtundu wa carp wamtsinje umakhala wokongola kwambiri - masikelo ndi golide wakuda, nthawi zambiri amakhala woluma pafupi ndi fin, ndi golide wopepuka pansipa. Zabwino zimakhala zambiri ndipo zimafalikira kumbuyo konse. Mchira wa carp ndi wofiirira wakuda, ndipo zipsepse zakumaso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira zakuda. Keta ndi nsomba yofiira yomwe imasamukira kamodzi pa moyo; itasamba imafera pobwerera. Salmon yambiri imamera zaka 4 mpaka 6. MulletMullet ndi nsomba yaying'ono (pafupifupi 60 sentimita) ya mtundu wa Mugilidae, yomwe imakhala makamaka m'madzi am'madzi komanso zopanda nyambo zam'madzi onse otentha komanso am'madzi otentha, mitundu ingapo ya mullet imapezeka m'madzi abwino otentha aku America, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Australia ndi New Zealand. Ku USA, kumene mullet imakonda kugwidwa kugombe la Florida, mitundu yake iwiri imapezeka kwambiri: mullet striped, yomwe ku Russia imatchedwa loban, ndi mullet yoyera. SungunulaniWosungunuka ndi nsomba ya banja la nsomba. Nsomba zonse ziwiri zimasiyana wina ndi mzake pafupifupi kukula kwake, ndipo ndi amodzi amtundu womwewo. WopandaImodzi mwa mitundu yamadzi amchere a banja la Karpov, dongosolo la cyprinids. Imawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri zam'madzi, monga momwe zimapezekera kulikonse, kuphatikiza kunyanja zakale kwambiri. Lin ndi yekhayo membala wa genus Tinca. Ndiwotentha kwambiri komanso wopanda ntchito. Tench imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri imamatirira pansi. Malo omwe amakhala ndi gombe. Tench si dzina chabe, ndi khalidwe, chifukwa nsomba iyi idatchedwa chifukwa chokhoza kusintha mtundu utayatsidwa ndi mpweya. Zimakhala ngati mukusungunuka, chinsalu chotchingira cha ntchofu chimayamba kuda, ndipo khungu limayamba kuwonekera. Pakapita kanthawi, nkhono izi zimatuluka, ndipo m'malo ano ndimaoneka zikaso zachikaso. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mdziko lapansi mulinso mitundu inayake yokongoletsedwa - tenchi yagolide. Nsomba zabanja. Kuyenda konseku kumafanana ndi gulu la atsekwe wakutchire lotsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri waluso. SalimoniNdizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ma gourlines azungu padziko lonse lapansi. Amadziwika kuti kale ku Middle Ages, nsomba za salmon zinali zotchuka kumayiko aku Europe, Scottish ndi Australia. Idaphikidwa m'chilimwe ndikumauma ndikusuta nyengo yachisanu. Amati palibe chilichonse chosangalatsa kuposa kukoma kwa nsomba zamtchire, koma nsomba zamalimidwe ndizotsika mtengo chifukwa chake malonda amapezeka. Nsomba zamtchire zimapezeka kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti, pomwe mungazigule ngati chaka chonse chaulimi. LufarLufar ndiye yekha woimira banja la Lufarean perciform Order. Thupi limakhala lokwera (mpaka 115 cm), limakanikizidwa pambuyo pake, limalemera mpaka 15 kg. Makala cycloid. Bluefin imapezeka munyanja zam'malo otentha komanso otentha, nsomba zam'magulu, ku USSR - mu Nyanja Zamchere ndi Azov. Zimapanga kusuntha kwakukulu kwakanthawi. Pofalikira, chilimwe. Pelagic caviar, chonde kuchokera mazira 100,000 mpaka 1 miliyoni. Predator, amadya hering'i, anchovies ndi nsomba zina. Chomwe chimawedza. Nsomba ya makereleIzi ndi nsomba zochokera kubanja. nsomba ya makerele. Anthu okhala kumayiko olankhula Chingerezi amatcha mackerel mackerel, nthawi zambiri izi zimayambitsa chisokonezo. Nsomba za banja la mackerel zimatha kukhala zazitali kwambiri - kuchokera pa 60 cm mpaka 4.5, koma banja lonse la nsombazi, mosasamala kanthu za kukula, ndi la adani. PollockNsomba zokonda kuzizira za banja la ma cod, mtundu wa pollock (theragra). Nsomba zodziwika bwino za cod ku North Pacific. Imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zamalonda ku Russia. KapelinMtundu wonunkhira wopezeka ku Arctic, Atlantic (Atlantic capelin) ndi Pacific Ocean (Pacific capelin, kapena uek). Monga wa banja la nsomba, capelin ndi wocheperako mpaka kukula mpaka kukula. Kutalika kwa capelin mpaka 22cm, kulemera kumafika mpaka 65. Capelin ali ndi masikelo ochepa kwambiri ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kubiriwira kwa maolivi, mbali ndi m'mimba ndizopindika. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mbali zawo za mamba, mbali iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mulu. Milamba yam'nyanja zamchereNyama zam'nyanja ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'mafupa, banja la scorpion suborder suborder, lokhala ndi zofunikira poizoni m'mbali zowala za zipsepse, jakisoni wake yemwe amachititsa kupweteka kwam'deralo. BurbotBurbot ndiye yekha woimira banja la ma cod omwe amakhala m'madzi oyera. Ili ndi nsomba yokonda kuzizira yomwe imagwira pa kutentha kwa madzi osaposa + 10 C C, ndiye kuti nthawi yotentha imakhala yosavuta kugwira. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwira burbot imawonedwa kuti ndi yozizira komanso yopanda nyengo. Mwina chifukwa cha izi, burbot siotchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi. PerchBanja la nsomba. Thupi la nsomba ndi lozungulira, lokakamizika mwamphamvu pambuyo pake. Imakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, yoyenera, m'mphepete mwake yomwe ili ndi mitsempha. Pali miyeso m'masaya. Pakamwa pakamwa paliponse, pamafupa amkati mwa pakamwa pali mizere ingapo ya mano owoneka bwino. Malo okhala m'mphepete mwachidwi ali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa maliro. Chomaliza cha dorsal fin chimangokhala ndi ma cheza prickly, chachiwiri - ndichopepuka. Zipsepse zamkati zimakhalanso ndi cheza chaching'ono. Mzere wotsatira uli wathunthu. Mtundu wamtambo ndi wamtambo wachikasu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kumbuyo ndikobiriwira kwakuda, m'mimba mwayera. Prickly dorsal fin ndi yofiirira-yokhala ndi malo akuda pakhungu pakati pa mawondo awiri omaliza. SturgeonMtundu wa nsomba za banja la sturgeon. Madzi oyera ndi nsomba zosamukasamuka, kutalika kumafika mpaka 3 m, ndipo masekeli mpaka 200 kg (Baltic sturgeon). Pali mitundu ya zinthu 16, 16, zina mwazo zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book. Sturgeon amadziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: mizera yayitali yakutali ya mipendero yamafupa simalumikizana wina ndi mzake pa mchira, pali mabowo owaza, mizere yoyenda mchira kuzungulira kumapeto kwa mchira. Nsomba yam'nyanja yamchereHalibut ndi nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimayenda mozungulira. Chimodzi mwa nsomba izi ndikuti maso onse awiri ali kudzanja lamanja la mutu. Mtundu wake umakhala wosiyana ndi maolivi mpaka wodera kapena wakuda. M'lifupi mwake mulitali wa halibut pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lake. Pakamwa ndi yokulirapo, yomwe ili pansi pa diso lakumunsi, mchirawo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe.Kutalika kwa msodzi wa nsomba zam'madzi izi kumayambira 70 mpaka 130 cm, ndi kulemera - kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 30 kg. PangasiusIzi ndi nsomba zothimbidwa ndi ray zochokera ku banja lakale la mphaka. Amachokera ku Vietnam, momwe nsomba zidadulidwa ndi kudyedwa kwa milenia. Kusodza kwa pangasius kumakhala kopindulitsa pachuma chifukwa chomwa kwambiri. Ndiofalikira, komanso yoweta m'madzi am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mafilimu a nsomba. HaddockHaddock ndi nsomba yam'nyanja, yokhala ndi moyo wambiri wokhala ndi zaka ziwiri, imakhala yotentha kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka pansi pa 30-200 mpaka 1000 m pamoto wamadzi nthawi zambiri kuzungulira 6 ° ndi mchere wapamadzi wapamadzi. Kummawa kwa Nyanja ya Barents, ma haddock nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'madzi osaya kwambiri akuya kwa 30-50-70. Haddock imadziwika ku North Atlantic Ocean. RoachRoach - nsomba yochokera ku banja la ma cyprinids, ali ndi malo ambiri. Imapezeka m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi a ku Europe (kupatula Western), Siberia, pamakhalanso masamba ena omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi opanda pake, m'malo omwe mitsinje imalowa munyanja. Ndiponso, mtundu wapadera wa roach umadziwika kuti umakhala m'mabango m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Aral. M'madera osiyanasiyana, roach amadziwika ndi mayina otere: sorog, chebak, roach ya Siberia (Ural ndi Siberia), nkhosa yamphongo (Black Sea ndi Azov dera), roach (m'munsi Volga). CarpCarp ndi nsomba yayikulu yamadzi yatsopano yofanana ndi carp .. nsomba iyi imakhala pafupifupi matupi onse amadzi. Kusaka kwa madera ambiri komanso akuya ndi madzi ofooka kapena osasunthika, ndi dongo lofewa kapena pansi lamatope. Osateteza pansi lolimba, ngati si miyala. Pheasant amakonda madzi ofunda, amakonda madziwe ochulukirapo. Amakhala ozama. SalakaSalaka, kagulu ka nsomba zodyetsa banja. Kutalika mpaka 20 cm (kawirikawiri mpaka 37 masentimita - hering'i wamkulu), kulemera mpaka 75. Salaka amasiyana ndi hering'i wa Atlantic m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a vertebrae (54-55). Umu ndi mtundu wa Baltic (subspecies) wa hering'i ya Atlantic. SadiniNsomba zazing'ono zam'nyanja, chigwa cha 15 mpaka 20 cm, nthawi zambiri mpaka 25 cm, kuchokera ku banja la hering'i. Sardine ndi wandiweyani pang'ono kuposa hering'i. Msana wake ndi wobiriwira bwino, mbali zake ndi m'mimba mwake ndi zoyera ngati siliva. Tsamba lophimba lokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wagolide ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, kupatuka mozungulira kuchokera kumapeto kwake kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Hering'iHiding ndi mtundu wa nsomba kuchokera ku banja la hering'i (lat. Clupeidae). Thupi limapanikizika pambuyo pake, ndi m'mphepete mwam'mimba pamimba. Mulingo wokwanira kapena waukulu, osakhala wocheperako. Nsagwada yapamwamba simatuluka kuchokera m'munsi. Pakamwa pake pamakhala zodekha. Mano, ngati alipo, amakhala amwano ndi kutuluka. Ndime yakumapeto ndiyotalika kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zokula zosakwana 80. Dorsal fin pamwamba pamimba. Ndalama ya caudal ndiyabwino. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 60, yodziwika munyanja yotentha ndi yotentha, ndipo mwanjira ina m'malo ozizira. Mitundu ina ndi ya m'madzi oyenda panyanja ndipo simalowa madzi abwino, ina ndi nsomba zosamukira ndipo zimalowa m'mitsinje kuti ikatulutsidwe. Hering imapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka cr craceans. SalimoniSalmon ndi nsomba yosamukasamuka ya banja la nsomba. Chifukwa mpaka 1.5 m, kulemera mpaka 39 kg. Masikelo ndi ocheperako, osalaza, palibe mawanga pansi pa mzere wotsatira. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Arctic Ocean, komanso ku Nyanja ya Baltic. Kukhwima mchaka cha 5-6 cha moyo. Mtsinje umalowa. nthawi (nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana nthawi yotentha). Inamera mu Seputembara - Novembala. Mukatulutsa, mawanga ofiira ndi a lalanje amawoneka pamutu ndi m'mbali mwa salimoni. Chonde ndi mazira 6-26 zikwi. Caviar yayikulu, lalanje. Achichepere amakhala mumtsinje kwa zaka 1-5, kudya ma invertebrates ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Nyanja imadya nsomba ndi ma crustaceans. Amakhala mpaka zaka 9. Nkhani yofunika kwambiri ya usodzi. Sig ndi mtundu wamtundu wa nsomba wochokera ku banja la nsomba, wopatulidwa ndi ofufuza ena palimodzi ndi whitefish ndi nelma kukhala banja lapadera la whitefish (Coregonidae). Sig imakhala ndi thupi lopanikizika, lomwe limakutidwa ndi miyeso yaing'onoting'ono, kamwa yaying'ono pomwe sipamakhala mano mano a mafupa okweza ndi kusanza, ndipo mano ena mbali zina amatha posachedwa, kapena, mulimonse, amakula kwambiri, maxilla samapitilira maso . Sigi amakhala kumayiko otentha komanso ozizira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Nsomba ya makereleMackerel ndi nsomba ya banja la ma mackerel perch-like. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa thupi ndi 60 cm, pafupifupi ndi masentimita 30. Thupi limakhala lozungulira. Makala ang'ono. Kumbuyo ndiko kubiriwira kwamtambo, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri, yopindika pang'ono. Palibe chikhodzodzo. Catfish ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri yam'madzi. Chimakhala cham'madzi chamtopola komanso maenje amtsinje wosefukira, amatha kulemera mpaka 300 kg! Zimphona zotere, asayansi amati, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 80-100! Zowona, sindimamva china chake kuti aliyense wongomvekera akhale mwayi. Nthawi zambiri mphaka za masekeli 10-30 kg. Mwa mawonekedwe ake akunja, nsomba za mphaka ndizosiyana mosavuta ndi nsomba zina zonse. Ali ndi mutu wawukulu wosakhazikika, kamwa lalikulu, komwe ma mashala akuluakulu awiri ndi anangula anayi pachibwano chake amakulirakulira. Macheke ndi mtundu wa hema, mothandizidwa ndi omwe nsomba za mphaka zimasaka chakudya ngakhale mumdima. Ndipo zomwe zimadabwitsa - ndi zazikulu zazitali - maso ochepa kwambiri. Mchirawo ndi wautali komanso pang'ono ngati nsomba. Mtundu wa mphaka umasinthasintha - pafupifupi wakuda pamwamba, pomwe m'mimba nthawi zambiri mumakhala koyera. Thupi lake ndi lopanda banga. Ma mackerel akavaloMa mackerel a mahatchi ndi nsomba yamitundu yonse. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 50 cm, kulemera mpaka 400. Mackerel apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amayeza akatswiri, amalemera 2 kg. Amakhala mpaka zaka 9. Ma mackerels amahatchi amadya zooplankton, nsomba zazing'ono, nthawi zina pansi kapena pansi crustaceans ndi cephalopods. SterletSterlet ndi nsomba ya banja la sturgeon. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 125 cm, kulemera mpaka 16 kg (nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa). ZanderSudak ndi mtundu wamodzi wa nsomba zapakhomo. Thupi la pike perch limakhala lokwera, lopinikizidwa pang'ono pambuyo pake, lokutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, omata mwamphamvu ndi mbali zopindika. Chophimba cha scaly chimafikira pang'ono mpaka kumutu ndi mchira. Mzere wotsatira uli wathunthu, ukupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa ndalama. Zipsepse za Dorsal olekanitsidwa ndi kusiyana pang'ono kapena polumikizana. Pakamwa ndi yayikulu, nsagwada ndi zazitali, pakamwa pawo pali mano ang'onoang'ono, komanso mafupa ena amwa pakamwa, pali milomo pachiwono, komanso timitsempha cha mafupa. Kumbuyo kwa pike pokhapokha kumakhala kotuwa, m'mimba kumakhala koyera, m'mphepete mpaka khumi, ndipo nthawi zina,, kwa mikwingwirima yakuda bii. Zipsepse za patchire, zamkati, ndi zamkati ndizotuwa. Pike perch amakhala m'mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amamva kwambiri kuchepa kwa mpweya wabwino m'madzi. Amayesa kutuluka m'zigawo zodetsedwa za matupi amadzi; Zander amasungidwa makamaka m'malo akuya a mitsinje ndi nyanja, pomwe pansi pake ndiopyapyala, pamchenga kapena dongo la cartilaginous. Carp silivaCarp siliva ndi wa banja la carp. Gulu la nsomba zamadzi zatsopanozi, zomwe zimafikira m'miyeso yayikulu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mamba opangidwa ndi siliva komanso mutu waukulu. Ili ndi phindu lofunika kwambiri posodza. Nsomba zokongola msanga - zofika zaka zitatu zolemera pafupifupi 3 kg, ndipo munthu wamkulu amafika kutalika kwa mita ndikulemera 16 kilogalamu. CodCod ndi nsomba ya banja la ma cod. Kutalika kumafika mpaka 1.8 m, mumsodzi wa nsomba wazitali 40-80 masentimita, pakakhala zaka 3-10. TiyiTuna ndi mtundu wa nsomba kuchokera ku banja la mackerel. Amasinthidwa machitidwe awo, okhala ndi mayendedwe osasunthika. Thupi la nsomba limakhala louma komanso owoneka ngati torpedo. Ma dorsal fin ali ndi mawonekedwe a chikwakwa ndipo ndi abwino kusambira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwachangu kuthamanga mpaka 77 km / h. Kutalika kwake, nsomba zina nthawi zina zimafikira mamita 3.5. Tinsomba timakhala m'masukulu akulu ndipo timayenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Nsomba ya trautiTrout ndi dongosolo la salmonids, banja la nsomba. Thupi la trout limakhala lokwera, loponderezedwa pang'ono pambuyo pake, yokutidwa ndi masikelo ang'ono. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nsomba iyi ndikuti imatenga mtundu wamalo omwe amakhala. Nsomba za banja lathyathyathya zimakhalanso ndizofanana. Chuma chakumapeto kwa trout ndi chachifupi, mzere wotsatira wafotokozedwa bwino. Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi zazimuna pamutu waukulu komanso mano. Kutalika kwazitali kwa trout ndi 40-50 masentimita, kulemera - 1 makilogalamu. Mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi za banja la ma cod. Ku Europe, hake adazindikiridwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati woimira wabwino kwambiri wa mitundu yama cod. Nyama ya Hake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya zamagulu ndipo imatengedwa kwambiri ndi thupi. Pike ndi mtundu wamadzi am'madzi oyera, omwe ali okha mu banja la pike. Kutalika kwake, pike imatha kufikira 1.5 m, ndikulemera mpaka 35 kg (nthawi zambiri imafika mpaka 1 m ndi 8 kg). Thupi limapangidwa mozunguliridwa ndi mutu, mutu ndi waukulu, kamwa ndi lalikulu. Mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana, kutengera chilengedwe: Kutalika ndi msanga wa kukula kwa msasawo, imatha kukhala imvi, imvi, chikasu, bulauni, bulauni, kumaso kumada, mawanga okhala ndi mawanga akulu a bulauni kapena azitona omwe amapanga mikwingwirima yopingasa. Mafuta osapsa ndi achikasu chikasu, chofiirira chokhala ndi mawanga amdima, opakidwa - lalanje. M'madzi ena, mapikidwe asiliva amapezeka. Kutalika kwa moyo wa munthu aliyense atha kufikira zaka 30. Nsomba za banja la cyprinid, zimafanana ndi roach. Maganizo ake, omwe ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, amatalika 70 cm, kulemera kwa 2-3 makilogalamu, ngakhale amapezekanso ena akuluakulu. Mtundu ndi siliva wonyezimira, kumbuyo kumakhala kuda kuposa pamimba. Zipsepse zimakhala ndi ubweya wa pinki. Lingaliro ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera, koma imatha kukhala m'madzi oyera a nyanja. Chakudya cha ide chimakhala ndi chakudya cham'mera ndi chinyama (tizilombo, ma bumbu, mphutsi). Kutulutsa kumachitika theka lachiwiri la masika. Mitundu isanu yomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zabwino zomwe zimagwira?Axamwali, ndinena pomwepo kuti mitundu yonseyi idaphunzitsidwa ndi ine pongogwa, komanso m'nyumba zanga zokha. Mwanu, zonse zitha kuyenda mosiyanasiyana. Uku ndikusodza. Mtundu Na. 1. Violet. Sindikudziwa momwe asodzi odziwa ntchito aliri, koma ndimangopeza izi nthawi zonse. Phula limakhudzana ndi mtundu wa ng'ombe ngati ng'ombe yamphongo yofiira. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake, koma amapita bwino kwambiri pakugwa. Ndiye nthawi yoti muwoneko. Mtundu Na. 2. Choyera. Pamadzi ozizira, zikafika posodza mu kugwa, mtundu woyera suyenera kukhala pa zilonda zokha, komanso kwa adani ena. Popeza kudya nyambo zoyambira kwa iwo ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo panthawiyi. Mtundu wachitatu. Sparkles. Mverani ngati mphutsi - tcherani khutu. Sikuti pachabe kuti mitundu yonse ya ma spinner ndi mormyshki pa iye aziwala. Mtundu Na. 4. Mafuta a makina. Mtunduwu wakhala ukulengezedwa mwachangu kwa zaka zopitilira 3-4 mumsika wogulitsa nsomba, ndipo ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti achifwamba omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima ndiabwino kwambiri. Mtundu Na. 5. Acid Izi zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri, koma chinthu chomwecho chimawaphatikiza onse - mtundu wa asidi. Mwa makonda omwe nditha kuwalemba monga wobiriwira komanso wachikaso. Chakudya chopatsa thanziMtunduwu ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri, umadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, tizilombo ta m'madzi, crustaceans ndi mollusks. Imapeza nyama mothandizidwa ndi masomphenya, chifukwa chake imasaka pafupifupi masana, ndimagawo awiri a chakudya - m'mawa ndi madzulo, gawo lofunikira la nkhonya ndi mphutsi za mayflies ndi dragonflies, makamaka mu Meyi - Julayi. Achinyamata achikasu achikasu amadya zooplankton zambiri, ndipo achikulire amathanso nsomba zamasamba, kusungunuka, ndipo ngakhale ana a mitundu yawo. KuswanaKutulutsa kumachitika kamodzi pachaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthawi yomweyo madzi oundana akasungunuka, nthawi zambiri usiku kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Mukatulutsa, mazira amaikidwa mwangozi pazomera zam'madzi ndi mizu, osamanga zisa. Mazira amatengedwa mu mzere wamtundu wa amber, ndikumizidwa mu wandiweyani mucous misa, omwe amawateteza ku matenda opatsirana komanso ang'onoang'ono omwe amadyera ana. Kutengera ndi kukula, zazikazi zimatha kuyikira mazira 10 mpaka 40,000. Akatulutsa, wamkazi amatsatiridwa ndi amphongo awiri mpaka 25, omwe amaphatikiza mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi iye. Kukula kwa caviar kumatenga masiku 12-16, kutengera kutentha kwa madzi ozungulira (caviar imayamba msanga m'madzi ofunda). Achinyamata achikasu achikasu amapanga zoweta m'malo osaya bwino okhala ndi madzi am'madzi, okhala ndi zooplankton ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zachikasu zimasanduka chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa mbalame zomwe zimadya nsomba ndi nsomba zazikulu. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nsomba za chikasu zimakula mpaka 7.5-8 cm. Share
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