Bath mleme, -Ndipo, m mtundu umodzi wa mileme. Mozizira mozama mumdima, mileme amenyedwa. Serafimovich, Lapwing.
Gwero (kusindikizidwa): Mtanthauzira mawu a chilankhulo cha Russia: Mu mavoliyumu 4 / RAS, Institute of Linguistics. Kafukufuku, Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. - 4th ed., Yachotsedwa. - M: Russia. chinenero, Polygraph chuma, 1999, (makina amagetsi): Laibulale Yamagetsi Yotsimikizira
ayeretsa, Ndine, m A mleme lalikulu. Amavala chovala chake ngati mtanda mapiko. A. bly.
Kupanga Mapu Amodzi Kukhala Abwino Pamodzi
Moni! Dzina langa ndine Lampobot, ndine pulogalamu ya pakompyuta yomwe imathandizira kupanga Mapu a Mawu. Ine ndikuchidziwa momwe kuwerenga, koma mpaka sindikumvetsa mmene dziko chanu chichita. Ndithandizireni kuzindikira!
Zikomo! Ndinakhala pang'ono bwino pa kumvetsetsa dziko maganizo.
Funso: bizinesi Kodi ndale, zabwino kapena zoipa?
Kapangidwe
Monga lamulo, zigamba zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe thupi lake limakhala ndi mutu, thunthu ndi miyendo. Mutu ndi yaing'ono. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu imakutidwa pang'ono kutsogolo, gawo laubongo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Makutu ndi afupiafupi, mawonekedwewo amawalozera kwambiri pamwamba. Mchira ali wamng'ono ndipo alibe olumpha kutalika kwa theka thupi. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza ndikuwaloza kumapeto, zimapanga zamapikozo ndizolumikizidwa ndi zala zakunja za miyendo yakumbuyo.
Sayizi: kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumasiyana kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 6 cm.
mtundu; mbali yakumtunda ya thupi ndi yofiirira, yofiyira, yofiirira kapena yamdima, thupi lam'munsi ndilopepuka, pakati pa mitundu yapamwamba.
Amphaka amadya nyama zazing'ono zopanda mbola, monga agulugufe, ntchentche zakunyumba, udzudzu, Mayuwe, etc. Amawuluka kukasaka dzuwa likangolowa, kuphatikiza misewu, mapaki ndi malo ena kukafunafuna chakudya pamalo otsika. The ndege, monga ulamuliro, ndi agile kwambiri ndi kuuluka, chifukwa mu khumudwitsidwa kawirikawiri mapiko.
Nyengo ya kubereka imachitika nthawi yachilimwe, makamaka mu June-Julayi. Ng'ombe sizinabadwe kuposa 1-2. Woyembekezera, akazi kuuluka kuchoka amuna ndi kukhazikika mu madera (20-30 anthu). Pambuyo pa masabata 3-5, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Bat ndilofala pafupifupi kulikonse, amakhala kwambiri ku Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, Australia. Iwo amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango deciduous ndi m'mapaki. M'malo ambiri oyimira mtunduwu ndi mitengo yopanda maziko, makoma, makhoma, m'malo apansi.
Ziganizo ndi mawu oti "bat"
- - Munaona kuti akazi athu kutsukidwa mu zipolopolo, nsalu zomera, nthenga kadzidzi, mapiko nsomba, nsapato zokongola, etc.
- zitseko okha amawoneka ngati nkhope chimphona bat.
- M'mawa kudali mitambo ndipo vampire anali wosavuta kuwuluka, wamkulu mleme nakwera mumlengalenga ndikuthamangira mwachindunji ku nsalu yotuwa.
- (zonse)
Map mawu ndi mawu a chinenero Russian
Online thesaurus wokhoza kufufuza mayanjano, maulumikizidwe, maulalo apamwamba ndi zitsanzo zamawu mpaka mawu ndi mawu achilankhulo cha Russia.
Zambiri pazakuwunda kwa mayina ndi kofotokozera, kulumikizana kwa mawu, komanso kapangidwe ka mawu a morphemic.
malo ndi zida zamphamvu injini kusaka kuthandiza kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe Russian.
Zopatsa zina:
Boulevard of Heroes of theland
Chipilala amene anaphedwa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse
"Peter ndi Paul"
Chidziwitso kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pochotsa ngozi zapamiyala, masoka
Parachuti nsanja 2H91-2
Natural Park "Kumysnaya Polyana"
Camp Camp ndikuwonetsera Zida Zacholimo ndi Aggregates
Square dzina la M.V. Lomonosov
Chipilala kwa omangidwa achinyamata achinyamata a fascism
Anti-ndege mfuti kufotokoza
Kukhazikitsa "Nkhondo"
Kulimba kwa Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky
Chikumbutso zovuta "Cranes"
Kuwonetsedwa kwa Makina ndi Zida za Dziko Lachuma
Belorussia yokhala ndi nyumba yachikhalidwe ku National Village
Korean m'Bwalo "Rock Garden" mu National Village
Ma park ndi mabwalo a Saratov
Maiden Maiden Tower Compound ku Village Village
Penyetsetsani sitimayo "Zatonskaya"
Kuwonekera kwa chipilala cha "Cranes"
Chipilala Chete
Kugwira wa asilikali P.S. Nakhimov
Famu yaku Ukraine "Svitanok" ku National Village
Malo ogulitsa a Merchant "Katz & Co" ku National Village
Chipilala m'dziko anzathu amene aphedwa pa nkhondo m'dera
Alimiyeni. A. N. Radishcheva
Nyama ya m'dera Saratov
Mtanda, kapena gulu la Natusius (lat. Pipistrellus nathusii) - gulu laling'ono la banja la mileme yokhala ndi masamba osalala. Mtundu wa epithet umaperekedwa polemekeza woweta ziweto waku Germany a Hermann von Natusius (1809-1879). Wamba nthumwi ambiri a mtundu m'chigawochi. Amakhala ndi ubweya wokhala ndi mulu wosalala komanso wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi zofiirira - kuchokera ku imvi tating'ono tating'ono mpaka tofiira pakubala kwa akazi. Mu chigaza (posankha zotsalira za mafupa), kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa mbali yachiwiri ndi yachitatu yapansi ndizofunikira kwambiri; mulingo wathu wina, zigawo zam'munsi zimayandikira limodzi. misa zawo zambiri 5-12 ga, kutalika kwa thupi 46-58 mm, mchira kutalika 30-44 mm, forearm kutalika 33-37 mm, wingspan 23-25 cm.
Khutu ndi lalikulu, lokhalokha. Sitimayi ndiyokwera, ndikuyenda mozungulira. Chala chachikulu ndi wautali kapena wofanana m'lifupi dzanja pa phiko apangidwe. Mbali yam'kati mwa nembanemba yachikazi kuchokera kumwamba, mpaka kutalika kwake, komanso mbali ya kumbuyo, mwendo wamkati. Zomwe zimapangika zimafikira hafu ya kutalika kwam'mphepete mwa femur, pali epiblema yaying'ono. Kumasiyana ndi mleme nyenyezi yaing'ono zazikulu lalikulu, ku Mediterranean mleme chifukwa analibe malire woyera pa m'mphepete lakunja nembanemba mapiko. Ndege imathamanga, ingayende. Zizindikiro za Echolocation zamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri pamtunda wa 70-38 kHz, ndi matalikidwe apamwamba pafupifupi 35-40 kHz. Mu kumpoto cha osiyanasiyana, izo zimapangitsa migrations nyengo ya mpaka 1900 Km.
Pamakhala nkhalango (makamaka yotakata) ndi nkhalango. Imakonzekeretsa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kutalikirana ndi kusakaza nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ku midzi. Pobisalira, imagwiritsa ntchito pakhomo pokhomapo ngati pakhomo lolowera, nthawi zambiri pamakhoma a nyumba, zikhomo kumbuyo kwa mapulateleti komanso pansi padenga. Mwambiri, zipewa zimakonda malo okhala ochepa. Kawirikawiri akukhala, kubisala kusiyana, ndipo kodi Osamamatira, ngati mileme ena. Ma mafamu a anthu 30-60, pofika nthawi yophukira, chiwerengerochi chimafika anthu 100-150.
Nthawi zambiri, njuchi zimakhazikika kuchokera kum'mwera kupita kumalo othawirako, ndipo asanabadwe, koyambirira kwa Juni, zimasamukira kudera lina. Nthawi zambiri akukuonetsani mitundu ina ya mileme. Dera lomwe limakhala m'nyumba yotentha limafotokoza za kukhalapo kwake ndi nyama zambiri, zitosi zomwe zakakamira kukhomalo, makamaka pafupi ndi tapeworm. Nthawi zina pansi pa koloni mutha kupeza mwana wakufa yemwe mosadziwa adagwa pangozi.
Kunyamuka akuyamba kumayambiriro madzulo, misa ndege - ndi isanayambike mdima, kumatenga ola limodzi kapena theka. Kukula kwachichepere kukuyamba kuwuluka usiku wonse mpaka m'bandakucha, pakati pausiku pokhapokha pokhapokha pothawira m'misasa. Pakubwereza, m'mawa, kuwuluka kambiri, gulu limanjenjemera mwachangu pafupi ndi pogona, osachokapo ndikuchoka kukasodza tizilombo tambiri kuno. Iwo limagwira nyama zouluka pamalo okwera 1-7 m, pa m'mbali mwa nkhalango ndi m'mapaki, pa clearings ang'ono ndi clearings, nduwira mtengo pafupi kapena pa madzi, kawirikawiri m'madera populata.
Zimasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono touluka pamadziwe kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri, ngati pali dziwe pafupi ndi mudzi wa dacha kapena mudzi, ndiye kuti ndizokwanira kupita kumadzulo kumapeto kapena kutacha kuti mukaone kusaka kwamaluwa awa. Amauluka kudyetsa pa Kukada ndipo pambuyo ola limodzi ndi theka kubwerera ku pogona kusiya izo kachiwiri kwa nthawi yochepa kusanache. Amadyetsa ma dipterans, retina, ntchentche za caddis, mayendedwe, ntchentche zam'madzi, agulugufe ang'onoang'ono osaya usiku.
Mu Seputembala, mileme yamtchire imawuluka kuchokera kuderalo kumwera, ndikubwerera mu Meyi. Nyengo akubisala m'dzenje, nyumba ndi m'misasa zosiyanasiyana mobisa. Mtengo wamtchire ndi mitundu yosamukira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi - kuyambira mwezi wa Ogasiti, kusunthika kwa mitunduyi kumawonedwa, ndipo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mileme yamatchi imachoka kudera lathu. The malangizo yaikulu ya nyundo migrations a anthu chapakati ku Ulaya kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Sikovuta kuti nsombayi igonjetse nyanja yayikulu chifukwa cha kukula kwawo pang'ono komanso kuthekera pang'ono kuuluka. Makulidwe amtundu wamtunduwu akuimira mbiri yonse pakati pa mileme yonse ya ku Europe - 1905 km. Wintering chinapezeka mwa Transcaucasia, Transcarpathia ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.
Pambuyo nyengo yachisanu, akazi, kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, amabwerera kwawo komwe amakhala. Panthawiyo, anyani amphongo amakhala nthawi yonse yotalikirapo, kwinakwake pamtengo kapena pamitengo komanso pamtunda wapadera amaitanira akazi omwe pazifukwa zina sanakwatirane nawo.
Mating pambuyo mkaka wa m'mawere, ndi rutting kutchulidwa, kapena wintering. Malo okhala ndi mizere yanyengo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'maenje a mitengo komanso pansi pa milatho. Kuperekera kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. The anapiye ndi zambiri 2 ana. Kuchepetsa kwa masiku pafupifupi 45. Magulu a mabanja, mpaka angapo - mazana aanthu, amuna amakhala osiyana. Pakutha July, nyama pafupifupi zokhala ndi kukula kwa akulu, kusintha tsitsi zaumbanda munthu wachikulire, ndi moyamba moyo paokha.
Mbedza zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka mu Saratovskaya Olasty - nthawi zambiri zazimuna, zazimuna zazikulu, kumpoto kwa dera, zimapezeka pokhapokha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amuna a batu lathu amakhala moyo wawo wonse nthawi yachisanu.
Kawirikawiri amakhala kwa zaka 5-7, koma mileme nkhalango adzapulumuke zaka 11.
Mbiri yachilengedwe
Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zipululu mpaka m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zamvula yotentha, m'mapiri mpaka 3000 m, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo okhala anthu. Iwo kudya tizilombo, kuwagwira iwo pa ntchentche. Amakhazikika munyumba za anthu, komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, amakonda malo okhala. M'malo otentha, nyengo zosunthira pamtunda wa 1,600 km zimachitika, ndikugwidwa ndi nyengo yozizira. Iwo zimabisala mu m'maenje ndi nyumba anthu. Kutsika pambuyo kutha kwa mkaka kapena nyengo yozizira, m'malo otentha kumatchulika yophukira. Mimba masiku 45-60. Mu ana a, 1-3 (zambiri 2) ana. Kuchepetsa kwa pafupi miyezi 1-1.5. Mu nthawi yakubzala, zazimuna zimapanga ana am'makomo, nthawi zambiri mpaka makumi angapo, nthawi zambiri mamuna, amuna amakhala osiyana. Kawirikawiri kawetedwe m'chilimwe oyambirira, kapena yamvula mitundu ina otentha - chaka chonse. Khalani ndi zaka 16 (pafupifupi 3-5) zaka.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Onani zomwe "Bat" ili mu mabuku otanthauzira ena:
BAT-BAT - mwamuna. (palibe nthenga? Kodi muyenera kutulutsa?) Mitundu ya nyama zouluka, zoweta. zikopa, mtanda, kuwombera. usiku ofesi, arkhang. rashchepa, mbala. chigamba, tili ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imadziwika bwino: mtanda ndi wophweka kapena wocheperako, ndipo mtanda umalankhulidwa, ushan, kumayiko otentha ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
mleme - vampire, zikopa, ghoul Dictionary yamafotokozedwe achi Russia. bat onani bat Mtanthauzira mawu ofanana a Chirasha. Buku othandiza. M: Chilankhulo cha Russia. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Dictionary wa ofananira
BAT-BAT - BAT-BAT, gulu, amuna. A mleme lalikulu. "Valani chovala chake, ngati chigamba chakutulutsa mapiko akuda." Andrey Bely. Ofotokozera dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... ofotokozera Dictionary wa Ushakov
Bat - (Aheb. Atallef), gulu. Chilamulo cha Mose pozindikira N. nyama yonyansa, analetsa kudya (Leo 11:19, Deut 14:18, Isa 2:20) ... Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia
BAT-BAT - BAT BAT, ine, amuna. A mleme lalikulu. | adj. batfish, yy, yy. Buku Lofotokozera Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov
mleme - bat, kuyimba. mbiri, pulasitala, Voronezh. (Far), mleme, Vyatsk. (Vasn.), Chiyukireniya netopir, nepotir, topir, ena achi Russia. wopha (Dan Zat, dzanja lamanja XVI -.... XVII zaka zambiri, onani Potebnya, RFV 2, 23) tslav. bat, bat, bat, bolg. netopir ... ... Mtanthauziramawu wachidziwitso cha chilankhulo cha Russia cholembedwa ndi Max Fasmer
mleme - General. Nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ngati kuwonjezera kwa zoyambira * nekto (& GT, net) ndi pyr, zogwirizana ndi mawuwo usiku (& LT, * noktis, ndi o / e mutation) ndikuwuluka "kuwuluka", nthenga, kusinthidwa (ndi kusintha kwa (kupititsa gawo o) imelo anzawo (sitepe ... ... Etymological dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha
bat - NET BAT | B (3 *),. S. Mleme, mleme: bukuli ... nkhandwe okwaniritsa. galu wazithunzi. Vorѡnam Sokѡl. mleme ndi kuiwaliratu a. MPR XIV, 2, ty ѹ ofanana ndi bat ', sizinachite kanthu usiku atavala, kuyamba | | koma amene amakwera ndiye "wachisoni". (Τῆς ... ... Dictionary of the Old Russian Language (zaka XI-XIV)
bat - BATS, I, mn ri, rey, rym, m Bat-mapiko okhala ndi nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, okhala m'malo otentha a Eurasia, Africa, North America, Australia ndi New Guinea. ... A Kadzidzi ndi mleme (A. Fet) kuwuluka mozungulira kufuula ... ofotokozera Dictionary a Russian Wosasinthika wa Chinthu
Bat - 1) pamalingaliro akutali a mawu, N. kapena bat-free (Vespertilionidae) amapanga banja lalikulu la mileme, wopangidwa ndi mitundu yopitilira 150, i.e., mopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amitundu yonse yamtunduwu. m'mphuno zawo awa akuimira yosavuta mwezi kapena wozungulira anthu ... ... F.A. Buku Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
nyanja mleme (lat. Ogcocephalus) (wobadwa Batfish), ngakhale kuti ndi nsomba, singathe kusambira. Kapangidwe ka zipsepako sikuloleza. Choncho, mileme nyanja kusuntha pamodzi pansi, kukankhira kwina ndi ziwalo zawo zasinthidwa, ofanana ndi miyendo. Pachifukwa ichi, amakonda kukhala pansi.
Nyama zam'madzi ndi nsomba zachilendo kuchokera ku banja la batil-free Udilshchikobraznyh. The abale ogwirizana mileme nyanja ndi mafosholo, haunaks ndi Nthabwala nyanja (osati kusokonezedwa ndi nsomba chisudzo kapena amphiprions, amene mileme nyanja ndi chochita!). Chiyanjano chakutali kwambiri pakati pa mileme yam'madzi yamtundu wamtundu wina wamtundu wamkati. Ponseponse, mitundu 35 ya mileme yam'madzi imadziwika (kuphatikiza nsomba za fosholo, zomwe zimalumikizana mu banja limodzi).
Nyanja mileme ang'ono kapena nsomba sing'anga-kakulidwe, pazipita kutalika sadzachitanso ukufika 35 cm. Thupi lawo kapangidwe ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri, koma ngati anglers onse. Choyambirira chomwe chimagwira diso lanu ndi mutu waukulu wosagawika, womwe umapanga 30-50% kutalika kwa thupi, mwa mitundu ina gawo lake lamkati limakwera pamwamba pa mzere ngati nsanja ya tank. Ku mbali yakumaso kwa nyumbayo kuli malo enaake omwe amasungirako chinthu chobisalira. Amakhala yochepa phesi - Illicia ndi nyambo pa mapeto ake - eski. Pakamwa pa mileme yakunyanja ndi yaying'ono, koma imawoneka yotakata chifukwa cha milomo yanyama. Thupi la nsomba izi ndi laling'ono, ndipo limalunjika kumchira popanda kanthu, chifukwa chake mileme yam'nyanja imakumbukira za thupi la chimphona chachikulu.
kufananiza awo chule zina kumatheka chifukwa zipsepse zodabwitsa. Ngati zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal za mileme za kunyanja ndizochepa ndipo zikuwoneka ngati "nsomba", zipsepse za patisiti ndi zamkati zimakhala ndi mafupa angapo a fupa omwe ali pakona wina ndi mnzake. Gawo lomaliza la mapeto limatembenuzidwira kumbali, lathyathyathya ndikuwonjezeredwa, pomwe zipsepse zamtchire ndizochepa, zimakhala pakhosi ndikuwoneka ngati zothandizira, ndipo zipsepse zamkati ndizazikulu kwambiri ndikuwoneka ngati miyendo ya achule. chithunzi udzatha ndi khungu umboni za nsomba zambiri lili ndi outgrowths zofewa ndi spikes lakuthwa.
Mileme yam'nyanja imapezeka kulikonse munyanja zonse ndi nyanja zam'malo otentha komanso otentha. Kwambiri, awa ndi nsomba zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala pansi kuya kwa 200-500 m, nthawi zina mpaka 1000 m, ndipo mileme yokhala ndi mapiko aafupi komanso yayitali yokha imapezeka m'madzi osaya. Nsomba padziko pansi kwambiri, kukhala ndekha ndi kusuntha yekha akuno yochepa.Poyenda, mileme yam'nyanja imagwiritsa ntchito mikono yawo yabwino, yomwe imadalira pansi ndikuisintha ngati miyendo. Amasambira kwambiri kawirikawiri komanso mosasangalatsa. Kwakukulu, samakonda kusuntha, koma kubisala pansi akuyembekeza kuti agwire. Kuti ziziwoneka zowoneka bwino, mileme yam'nyanja imabisidwa pansi ndikuchidziwikiratu panyanjayo.
Mitundu yonse ya nyama zolusa zam'nyanja. Amakola nyama mothandizidwa ndi chinthu chosaka: amachotsa chimangirizo kuchokera chubu ndikusuntha esk, omwe mayendedwe ake amakopa nyama. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, eska amatha kubisa zinthu zonunkhira, zomwe zimapangitsanso woperewera kuti afikire. Ngakhale maonekedwe oopsa, nsomba izi sizipweteka konse ndipo zimadya nyama zochepa. Mileme yam'madzi amadya nyongolotsi za polychaete, ma crustaceans (maids), bivalves ndi gastropods, nsomba zochepa.
Kubala mileme yakunyanja kumamvekabe bwino. Amadziwika kuti amapukutira caviar povutirapo, yemwe amafanana ndi misa yamafuta. Masamba a mazira amamangiriridwa pansi kapena miyala. Nsomba zazikulu sizisamala mazira awo.
Mwachilengedwe, mileme yam'nyanja imakhala ndi adani ochepa, chifukwa kukula kwake kochepa, mtundu wa masking ndi spikes lakuthwa sizikopa zilombo. Kwa anthu, sizimayimira chidwi chilichonse cha zachuma komanso zamtundu uliwonse. Komabe, m'maiko aku Southeast Asia, utoto wa ana umapangidwa kuchokera ku disk disk. Kuti muchite izi, nsomba zam'matumbo zimadulidwa, timiyala zingapo timasokedwa m'mimba ndikuziwuma, mafupa owuma amapeza kuuma kwapadera.
Pambuyo pake, khungu limakhazikika pansi ndipo chidolecho chakonzeka. Mileme yam'nyanja imapezeka mobwerezabwereza ndipo sikuti ikuyandikira, komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yatsopano ingapo yapezeka ku Gulf of Mexico. Mwachidziwikire, moyo wobisika wa nsomba izi umasungabe zinsinsi zambiri. Tsoka ilo, mitundu yomwe yangopezedwa kumene idawonongeka chifukwa cha kuwaza kwa mafuta ku Gulf of Mexico, zikuwonekeratu kuti kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kungathe kuwopseza mitundu ina yonse.
Munthu amadziwa bwino gulu la bat, lomwe limakonda madzi apamwamba. Nsomba sizokhudza chidwi chapadera, koma chipolopolo chake chakhala chokopa kwambiri anthu, makamaka kwa ana. Nsomba zouma padzuwa zikusiyira kumbuyo kwa carapace yolimba yofanana ndi kamba. Ngati muwonjezera miyala mkati mwake, mumapeza khola labwino, lomwe kuyambira nthawi zakale limadziwika ndi anthu okhala kum'mawa kwa nyanja, akukhala kunyanja.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Matiresu a bat ndi mtundu wonse wamabanja okhala ndi mileme yamafuta opepuka (amatchedwanso mileme ya zikopa). Mitundu ya mileme imaphatikizapo mitundu isanu.
Amasiyana pang'ono ndi mzake pamakhalidwe:
- nkhalango
- nyama yocheperako
- chipika chaching'ono
- Chipewa chakum'mawa,
- Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Amphaka amakhala okhudzana ndi nyama zachilengedwe, ngakhale kuti poyamba amawoneka kuti ndi mbalame. Matiresi a bat ndi mileme enanso, amadya mkaka wa m'mawere. Mapiko awo ndi nembanemba yosenda ya chikopa yotambasulidwa pakati pa zala zazitali. Chifukwa cha mapiko oterowo, nyamazo zimatha kuwuluka mouluka bwino.
Kanema: Bat
Batfish limadziwikanso ndi echolocation - kuthekera komwe nyama zimatha kupeza chakudya mumdima wamdima. Kuphatikiza pa mileme, ma cetaceans okha omwe amakonda kutulutsa mawu. Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa magulu osowa kwambiri pazakale zakale. Titha kunena zokhazokha kuti iwo sanatulukire pambuyo pa Eocene, adakhala ndi niche mumtundu wa chakudya ndipo sanasinthebe kalelo.
Amphaka ndi mileme yatsopano atakhala asaka ogwira ntchito omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa zina zomwe sizingatheke. Zotsatira zake, milemeyo inali ndi mpikisano wocheperako wa chakudya, ndipo chifukwa cha moyo wamadzulo, sanawope adani omwe amawopseza.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi mleme umaoneka bwanji?
Batfish imakhala ndi phokoso losakira komanso makutu amfupi. Mapeto a mphuno zawo amafanana ndi chigamba chomwe chimapinda pang'ono. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza, otambasuka, otanthauza kumapeto. Mitundu ya batfish imasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake mumtundu kapena kapangidwe ka mapiko.
Mtondo wamtchire umakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi lolimba lalifupi ndi m'mimba wopepuka. Makutu ake ndiakulu kuposa amitundu ina, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala msaki wogwira ntchito kuthengo. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 48 cm, ndipo mapiko ndi 23-25 cm.
Mtundu wocheperako ndiwo membala wocheperako wa mtundu unyolo. Kutalika kwakukulu kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zotere ndi 44 mm, zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi zolengedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mileme amtali ali ndi mapiko ofika mpaka 22 cm, omwe amalola nyamazo kukhala zosavuta kuyendetsa, kuzilimbitsa komanso kuthamanga.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mkulu wamtundu wakale umakwanira mu bokosi lofananira ndi kanyumba kamtunda.
Chingwe chaching'ono ndichokulirapo pang'ono kuposa chaching'ono - mpaka 45 mm. Zimasiyananso ndi utoto wa chekeni, womwe umakhala wowala kapena pafupifupi yoyera, mosiyana ndi mtundu wofiyira wa batu. Mphete yakum'mawa ndiye woimira kwambiri mtundu.
Ilibe mulingo wokulirapo - mpaka 49 mm., Kutalika, ndi mapiko a masentimita 23. Mphete yaku Mediterranean imakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira, mapiko akuda okhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino komanso mzere woyera womwe umatulutsa mchira mpaka kumapeto kwa mapiko.
Pafupifupi, mileme ndi amodzi mwa oyimira ochepa kwambiri a mile. Ngakhale dzina lake "lowopsa", lomwe anthu ambiri amaphatikiza ndi chinthu chodabwitsa, chipewa sichimawoneka chosangalatsa. Ali ndi maso ang'onoang'ono ozungulira, makutu ozungulira bwino komanso mphuno zazing'ono. Mphete zonse zimakhala ndi matupi ozungulira ophimbidwa ndi ubweya.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mlemewo umapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi mleme umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: bat
Mtundu wa nsombazi udabalalika kuchokera ku malo ozizira kwambiri aku Europe ndi Australia ndi South Africa.
Mitundu yambiri yamatchire imapezeka m'malo otsatirawa:
Mileme yambiri amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, kusankha malo okhala anthropogenic. Mwachitsanzo, ma batu ocheperako amakonda kupangira nyumba pansi padenga la nyumba, m'matumba, kapena osachepera m'mapanga kapena mitengo pafupi ndi midzi ndi mizinda.
Mileme yambiri imasankha malo okhala m'nkhalango kapena mapiri kuti azikhalamo. Amakhala m'makola amitengo kapena pamakona owuma, pomwe amamangirirani panthambi. Batfish amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo nthawi zonse amasankha malo amodzi othawirako ngati sakathamangitsidwa.
Nyanja za ku Mediterranean zimakonda kukhazikika pamalo okwera kwambiri - mpaka ma kilomita awiri ndi theka pamwamba pa nyanja. Ngakhale mileme yayikulu imakonda kukhazikika munyumba za anthu, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa zovuta kwa anthu.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimapezeka kusitolo kwa nyumba, m'makoma otayidwa, m'nyumba zamatabwa zosiyidwa, m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala, m'malo omangira njerwa. Madera a bat amapewedwa m'malo ozizira, ngakhale mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kupezeka ku Siberia yaku Eastern. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imakonda kusamuka nthawi yayitali panthawi yachisanu.
Kodi nyama imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bat ku Russia
Mimbulu ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimadya zilombo, ngakhale sizingaopseze anthu. Nyama izi zimadya tizilombo tomwe timagwidwa ndikudya pa ntchentche pomwe. Popita kukasaka, mileme imasankha madera pamwamba pamadzi, pomwe pali tizilombo tambiri, komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena minda yolima.
Chochititsa chidwi: Anthu a bat amadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri kumadzulo kuli pafupi ndi nyali m'midzi yomwe amakhala, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mileme ikusaka pafupi ndi malo owunikira.
Amphaka amangosaka usiku. Kuuluka mwachangu, amatulutsa mawu ndi ma frequency a 40-50 kHz, omwe amawathandiza kudziwa kumene kuli gulu la tizilombo lomwe lili. Gulu la batfish nthawi yomweyo limawulukira nkhandweyo ndikuigwira mwachangu anthu omwe akuvutikawo ndikuuluka. Matenda ndi osusuka kwambiri. Munthu wolemera magalamu 40 akhoza kudya magalamu 30 a chakudya.
Zakudya zawo zabwinobwino zimaphatikizapo:
Batfish amapezekanso kunyumba, pomwe abuluzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazosakaniza zamankhwala ndizoyenera. Amphaka amatha kudya kwambiri, chifukwa nyama izi sizikudziwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya, chifukwa chake pamakhala chiwopsezo chochuluka cha kudya nyama.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Bat pamtundu
Amphaka amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amangophatikiza nyengo yakubzala yokha. Mwambiri, ziphuphu zimamatira ku banja lawo lenileni - nyama izi zimakonda kucheza ndipo zimafunikira gulu lowazungulira. Bat ndimasaka palimodzi. Amakonza zogona pamitengo, m'matanthwe a m'matanthwe, m'mapanga ndi m'nyumba za anthu. Gulu laling'ono silimakonzekeretsa zisa, koma limangolunjika paliponse patali ndipo lili pamalo owuma, likulendewera pansi.
Batfish satha kuyenda mwachindunji, koma pamalo opingasa poyenda imasunthira chifukwa chosakhalapo kutsogolo kwa manja - amachepetsa mapiko. Mwambiri, nyamazo zimakhala zamanyazi. Zimawulukira mumlengalenga posachedwa pang'ono ndi munthu, osatha kuwombera poyankha. Kuthekera kwawo kopulumutsidwa ndikuthawa, pomwe gulu limangodalira mapiko olimba.
Masana, mileme imakhala m'malo awo amdima ndipo imagona - maso awo amawona kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo chifukwa cha utoto ndi makina ouluka, amadziwika kwambiri ndi adani. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yogwira ntchito imagwera usiku - kenako zigawo za bat zikuuluka mozungulira zofunafuna chakudya.
Chochititsa chidwi: Batfish ikhoza kugwera mumtundu wa kubisala - dzanzi lomwe nyama imangokhala yodziwika, koma kagayidwe kake m'thupi mwake kamachepa.
Akuyang'ana chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito echolocation. Ziphuphu zimapanga mawu ocheperako omwe amasuntha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikubwerera kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake mumdima, batu amapeza mosavuta magulu azirombo, komanso amazindikira zomwe zimayang'anira kapena zinthu zoopsa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: bat
Nthawi yoswana imayamba, nthawi zambiri nthawi yachisanu. Mitundu ya bat isanazizire nthawi yozizira, koma kukhala ndi moyo wosasintha, koma matani amagwa ndendende panthawiyi. Akazi amagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu - mpaka chikwi chimodzi. Amadziphatika pamodzi m'matanthwe ndi m'mapanga, nthawi zonse amakopa amuna ndi kufufuma.
Akazi amasankha imodzi yamphongo yomwe yatuluka, kenako ikatha msanga, pambuyo pake mkazi ndi wamwamuna samasiyana. Amuna amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti akwaniritse kubzala kapena kuwuluka mosiyana ndi ena onse.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 60. Monga lamulo, wamkazi amabereka ana awiri, koma pali amodzi kapena atatu. Pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka, amawadyetsa mkaka - nthawi yonseyi ana amphaka akhazikika pamiyala ya pango kapena pa khungwa la mtengo, kudikirira moleza mtima mayiyo kuti adzafike kuchokera kokasaka.
Ng'ombe ikagwa, ikhoza kuwonongeka pansi. Ng'ombe zazikazi zomwe zikungotsalira pakugwa zimafanso, chifukwa sizimadziwa kuuluka. Mwambiri, ziphuphu sizimachoka pansi - ayenera kukankha phirilo. Chifukwa chake, chigamba chomwe chikuwoneka pansi chimafa.
Matenda amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 16, koma kuthengo ndizovuta kukhala ndi zaka 5. Zitha kuchulukana, kufikira zaka za miyezi 11. Pambuyo pa zinyalala zoyambirira, zazikazi zimatha kubereka mosalekeza, zimatha ndi mkanda umodzi wokha ndikubereka.
Adani achilengedwe a bat
Chithunzi: Kodi mleme umaoneka bwanji?
Chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha adani achilengedwe, nsomba za m'madzi zimakhala zochepa. Choyamba, awa ndi kadzidzi, kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi, omwe ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa kusaka komanso nthawi yofanana yochita. Zikhozinso zimakhala ndi njira yofananira yosaka - zimagwira nyama mwa ntchentche.
Amphaka amatha kudziwa malo omwe nyama zimadyera ndi echolocation, ndipo atatha - kudutsa. Koma kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amagunda kuchokera kumtunda, ndipo nyani zimauluka pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, zikugwira tizilombo. Amphaka samangolondolera kukwera m'mwamba, kuwapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka kwa kadzidzi.
Kadzidzi chimatsika pamwambapa ndikugwira kachiko, kenako ndikusweka msana. Uwu si mtundu wa kadzidzi womwe mumakonda, chifukwa amangoukira mfuti pangozi. Mafupa ndi khungu la mleme sizimapangitsa kukhala chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwa adani.
Komanso zonyansa, martens, weasel ndi zina zazitali zapakatikati zimatha kusaka nyama. Choyambirira, amasankha ana amtunduwo ndi kuwagwera pamwamba pa batu. Komanso zilombozi zimatha kudumphira m'makomo - udzu, mabowo, chifukwa cha miyala, pamene mileme imangogwera pansi.
Mabati alibe njira yodzitetezera. Mawonekedwe awo ndi oyenera kung'amba chitin cha tizilombo, ndipo mlemewo suli mwachangu mokwanira komanso mokhoza kuthamangitsa omwe akuwomberawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya mileme imatchulidwa ngati nyama zosowa, izi sizikuopseza bat. Batfish imathandizira kuchuluka kwakukulu, komwe kumangotsika pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zotsatira za anthropogenic.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, njira zotetezera mbalame zakhazikikanso, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala m'nkhalango, chifukwa chake anthu ambiri akwera pang'ono. Komabe, mitengo yamatamba imalembedwa mu Red Book ku Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg ndi zigawo zina za Ukraine.
Izi ndichifukwa cha izi:
- kuipitsa kwa chilengedwe kwa maderawa. Izi zikugwirizana ndi makampani kapena chitukuko chaulimi,
- kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha mileme chifukwa cha kudula mitengo.
- kuwonongeka kwa mileme limodzi ndi nyama ndi tizilombo ndi tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, makoswe, omwe, monga mileme, amatha kukhala m'nyumba komanso malo ena).
Bat - Nyama wamba, yomwe, monga lamulo, ili ndi zazikulu zazing'ono. Okonda nyama zosowa ngakhale amawasunga kunyumba, koma nsomba zikufuna kuti zikhale mndende, ndipo amafunikanso njira yapadera kuti nyama zisachite mantha kapena kuluma mwini wake. Koma kwakukulu, izi ndi nyama zochezeka komanso zowopsa zomwe zakhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi anthu.