Dzina lachi Latin: Felis lybica
Chingerezi dzina la African Cat cat
Predator wa mphaka.
Mphaka wopondera, ulinso mphaka wopondera, mphaka wamphongo, ndi mphaka wamtchire. Imachitika makamaka m'malo a chipululu komanso chipululu, ngakhale imakhala kumapiri.
Onani ndi mamuna
Pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo, ndikuyamba kwa chitukuko cha ulimi ndikuwoneka nyumba zoyambirira za anthu achi Neolithic, amphaka a steppe adabedwa ndipo adakhala oyambitsa amphaka zapakhomo.
Mphaka wa steppe nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, makamaka nyengo yozizira, pamene ndizosavuta kupeza nyama - mbewa ndi makoswe - pafupi ndi nyumba. Monga nyama yokhala ndi ubweya, siyofunika, ngakhale m'malo ambiri idasakidwa.
Ku India, mtunduwu wachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi kutukula kwaumunthu kwa malo okhala chirombo ichi.
Kugawa ndi malo
Mphaka wa steppe amakhala kumalire a chipululu, steppe, komanso m'malo ena amapiri a Africa, osakwera 3,000m pamwamba pamadzi, ku Near East, Central ndi Central Asia, Northern India, komanso ku Transcaucasia ndi Kazakhstan. Kuchuluka kwakhazikika kochepa. Kudera la Russia pakadali pano, mphaka wa steppe kapena malo ake amathanso kupezeka m'malo okha chipululu kapena zigwa za dera la Astrakhan, pomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Mphaka wa Steppe amapewa malo otseguka, ngakhale ali ndi dzina. Imasungika m'nkhalangozi, ndipo imayesa kuyenda mozungulira, popanda masamba. Chophimba chamatalala chambiri sichabwino kwa mphaka wa steppe, chifukwa chake, chimapewa malo omwe kuli chipale chofewa chambiri.
Mawonekedwe
Mphaka wa steppe amawoneka ngati mphaka wapakhomo wa mtundu "wamtchire": wokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amdima. M'mphepete, khosi ndi mutu, malo nthawi zina amaphatikizana ndi mikwingwirima. Mtundu wa chovalacho ukhoza kuyambira. Mimba ndi yoyera kapena. Chovalacho ndi chowonda kwambiri komanso chovala chamkati chokongoletsedwa bwino. Mchirawo "wakongoletsedwa" ndi mphete zakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi 49-74 cm., Kulemera mpaka 6 kg. Mchira wake ndiwotalikirapo komanso wowonda - masentimita 24 mpaka 36. Makutu ndi ang'ono, maso, ana ali ngati owonda, ofukula.
Mapiritsi a paw amaliseche, opanda ubweya Mapazi a mphaka wakunyumba akufanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wapakhomo. Ikamayenda m'chipale chofewa, mphaka yemwe amakhala ngati ana amphaka.
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Mphaka wakukhota amayamba kusaka kumapeto kwa tsiku likadzayamba kuda. Amakhala tsiku lonse m'misasa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba a nyama zina: zimbudzi, nkhandwe, kapena kubisala zitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amphaka amakhala pafupi ndi madera akumidzi. Amadyera nyama, momwe iyenera kukhalira amphaka, kapena kuiyang'anira pafupi ndi dzenje.
Pakachitika kukangana ndi mdani, mphaka, ngati ilibe nthawi yoti athawe, imagwada kumbuyo kwake, imakweza "kuyimirira" ndikutembenukira kumbali yopita kwa mdani, pomwe mchira umatsikira pang'ono. Izi zimachitika kuti ziwonekere zazikulu ndikuwopseza mdani. Ngati mdani akupitilizabe kuukira, ndiye kuti mphaka wagwera pamsana pake, ndikugundika ndi miyendo yonse inayi, wokhala ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zakuthwa.
Amphaka a steppe amakhala moyo wokhawokha, nyama za akazi osiyana siyana zimapezeka mu nyengo zina zokha za chaka kusiya ana. Ngakhale izi, amphaka ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yambiri ya miyambo polankhula ndi abale.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zamadyetsa
Mphaka wa steppe ndi wadyera wotchulidwa. Maziko ake zakudya zimapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono: makoswe, mbalame ndi mazira awo, abuluzi. Nthawi zambiri "kuluma" ndi tizilombo (kachilomboka, dzombe), kumatha kugwira ndikudya akamba ankhokwe kapena kukumba mazira. Popeza mphaka wa steppe ndi nyama yaying'ono, safuna nyama yayikulu, amakhala wokhutira ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Amphaka ndiwosaka modabwitsa, monga chilengedwe chawapatsa zida zofunikira posaka: zikhadabo zakuthwa, ma fangala akulu ndi ma tubercles apanyanga apadera pa lilime. Zovala zotchingira nthawi zonse zimakhala zowongoka pokhapokha zitapendekera. Chifukwa cha malamba awa, amphaka amakula bwino mitengo komwe amatha kupeza mazira a mbalame kapena anapiye. Mphepo zazikulu zakuthwa ndi zida zazikulu. Lilime la amphaka limakutidwa ndi miyala yamaluwa yolimba yomwe imathandizira "kupukusa" mafupa a nyama yakukola. Maso apadera amathandiza kuti muzitha kuwona bwino nthawi yamadzulo.
Asanapite kokasaka, amphaka amadzisambitsa ndendende kuti palibe fungo lotsalira lomwe lingapereke chilombocho pamalo obisalamo.
Kulera ndi kulera ana
Mpikisano wa amphaka opeza ku Russia umachitika kumapeto kwa Januware - February. Pakadali pano chaka, amphaka amtchire amakhala ngati amphaka a "Marichi". Amuna mokweza mawu amasaka akazi, kuthamangitsa akazi. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, wamkazi amabadwa kuchokera 2 mpaka 5, nthawi zambiri ma kittens atatu. Ma Kittens amabadwa ali akhungu, okhala ndi ngalande zotsekedwa. Ana amphaka akhanda amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 40. Utoto wa chovala mu makanda ndi wofanana ndi wachikulire, mawanga okha ndiowonekera. Pambuyo masiku 9 mpaka 12, maso ndi makutu awo amatseguka. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndi theka. Pang'onopang'ono, mayi ake amazolowera ana amphaka kuti adye nyama. Choyamba, mphaka amabweretsa ana ophedwa, kenako osaphedwa, kenako, amoyo. Chifukwa chake, mphaka imaphunzitsa ana ake kusaka nyama ndikupha. Kuyambira milungu 12, makanda amayamba kusaka ndi amayi awo. Amuna nthawi zambiri samaloledwa kubereka.
Mano amkaka mu kittens pa miyezi 5-8 amasinthidwa ndi okhazikika ndipo amatha kuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pakatha chaka chimodzi amatha kubereka, koma anyani amayamba kubzala pakatha zaka ziwiri.
Kutalika kwa moyo: ali mu ukapolo zaka 7 - 10, zochepa mwachilengedwe.
Zinyama ku Moscow Zoo
Pawonetsero yathu, a Fauna aku Russia amakhala limodzi azikazi awiri. Adasamukira ku Moscow kuchokera ku Krasnodar Zoo. Zakalamba kale, komabe ndikuwonetsa zamtundu wa mphaka, zomwe alendo angayamikire pakadyetsedwa kofikira. Usiku wa nyama zogwira ntchitozi, pamdima momwe amapititsa nyama kuyenda, koma osati kudera la zoo, koma m'zipinda zamkati moyandikana ndi ndege zawo.
Kumeneko amakonda mbewa, zinziri, ng'ombe ndi nkhuku. Zinyama zopanda pake komanso zokongola - m'mawu, amphaka ...
Mphaka wa Steppe
Mphaka wa Steppe | |||||||
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Mphaka wa Steppe | |||||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Subfamily: | Amphaka ang'ono |
Onani: | Mphaka wa Steppe |
Mphaka wa Steppe , kapena Mphaka wa steppe , kapena Mphaka wamphongo (lat. Felis lybica) - mtundu wamtundu wa Amphaka, nthawi zina amaganiza kuti ndi mtundu wa mphaka wamtchire (lat. Felis silvestris lybica). Malinga ndi gulu la taxonomic lomwe lidatengedwe mu 2017, limawerengedwa ngati mitundu yosiyana - Felis lybica . Mayina onse asayansiwa amagwiritsidwabe ntchito.
Izi zawoneka zaka pafupifupi 100,000 zapitazo. Oimira 5 amtunduwu adasungidwa ku Middle East zaka 10,000 zapitazo ndipo adakhala makolo a mphaka woweta.
Mphaka wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtambo amatha kuchoka pamtambo wamtambo kupita pamtambo wachikasu ndi mikwaso yakuda pamchira wake. Chovalacho ndi chachifupi kuposa cha mphaka waku Europe. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 75, mchira - kuchokera 20 mpaka 38 cm. Kulemera kuchokera 3 mpaka 6.5 kg. Mutha kuwoloka kuthengo ndi amphaka akunyumba osochera.
Mphaka wa steppe amakhala kumapiri, m'chipululu ndipo nthawi zina mapiri a Africa, Western, Central and Central Asia, Northern India, Transcaucasia ndi Kazakhstan. Ku Russia, masiku ano, mphaka wa steppe sapezeka kwenikweni kumadera opanda chipululu kapena zitsamba za Astrakhan, Saratov, Orenburg ndi Republic of Kalmykia, komwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Amalembedwa m'magawo a Red Red a zigawo za Saratov ndi Orenburg.
Khalidwe
Kwenikweni, mphaka wamkazi wopeza amadya mbewa, makoswe ndi zina zazing'ono zazikazi. Ngati ndi kotheka, imathanso kudyetsa mbalame, zokwawa, ma amphibians ndi tizilombo. Popita kusaka, amphaka amayenda pang'onopang'ono mpaka kugwidwa ndikuwukira patali pafupifupi mita imodzi. Amphaka a steppe amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku komanso madzulo. Pakulimbana ndi mdani, mphaka wakunyumba amatola tsitsi kuti liziwoneka lalikulupo ndikuwopseza mdani. Masana, nthawi zambiri amabisala kuthengo, koma nthawi zina imagwiranso ntchito masiku amtambo. Gawo la amuna limagawanikana pang'ono ndi magawo a akazi angapo, omwe amawateteza kwa alendo osadziwika. Mwa akazi, ana amphaka awiri kapena asanu ndi mmodzi amabadwa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala atatu. Mphaka wamtulo amapumula ndikulira ana ake m'makola kapena m'maenje. Mimba imatenga masiku 56 mpaka 69. Kittens amabadwa ali khungu ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro cha amayi. Ana amphaka ambiri amabadwa nthawi yamvula kukakhala chakudya chokwanira. Amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo patatha chaka amakhala atatha kubereka.
Kufotokozera kwa Pallas
Manul (Latin Felis manul ndi mawu ofanana ndi Otocolobus manul) ndi feline yokongola, yomwe imadziwika kuti imachedwa kwambiri komanso imachedwa kwambiri amphaka amtchire.
Mwini wa chovala chaubweya waubweya wamaso ndi nkhope yowongoka adakhala wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti padziko lonse lapansi. Chidwi ndi mtunduwu waoneka posachedwa, mtunduwu suwamveka bwino pakadali pano.
Chilombo cha furry chimakhala ndi mayina ambiri: m'malo ena, mphaka wa Pallas amadziwika kuti mphaka wa Pallas. Adalandira dzina lachilendo chotere polemekeza amene adamupeza. M'zaka za zana la XVIII, katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany Peter Pallas adakumana ndi mphaka wamtchire m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian, kenako adalowetsa m'mabuku azofotokozera za zoological ndi encyclopedia.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe amatcha manula mosiyanasiyana: dzina loti otocolobus limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti "otos" - khutu ndi "colobos" - zoyipa, ndiye kuti, matanthauzidwe enieni amamveka ngati "khutu loyipa", ngakhale kuti makutu a manula kulibe, ali oyera komanso okongola .
Mphaka wamtunduwu amakonda kusungulumwa, ndipo akangosankha malo okhala, amakhala wokhulupilika kwa iye mpaka masiku omaliza a moyo wake. Mphaka wina akalowa mwangozi m'gawo lake, achotsedwa mwachisangalalo.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Mphaka wamtchire samasiyana kwenikweni ndi mphaka wakunyumba, koma amawoneka wochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumachokera pa 52-65 cm, mchira - mkati mwa 30 cm, ndi kulemera kwa manul, kutengera ndi jenda, akhoza kukhala 2 kg kapena 5 kg.
Khadi loyitanitsa la mphaka ndilobisika. Zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi chilombo zimawoneka bwino makamaka chifukwa cha ubweya: Kufotokozera kwachinyama chomwe chikuwongolera chikuti tsitsi lofika 9000, lomwe limatha kutalika kwa masentimita 70 aliyense, pa sentimita imodzi ya thupi lake! Munthu akhoza kungolingalira kuti "chikhoto cha ubweya" wapamwamba chotere chimalemera.
Mutu, wocheperako poyerekeza ndi thupi, uli ndi mawonekedwe osalala, ogwirizana ndi tsitsi losalala, izi zimapangitsa asayansi kuti azilingalira amphaka a Pallas ndi Persian monga abale awo akutali. Mutu wa mphaka wakuthengo umatha ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono.
Maso achikaso amakopa chidwi, ana omwe sakhala ngati akuwoneka ngati nyama zina za mphaka, koma amakhala ozungulira ngakhale dzuwa lowala.
Ubweya wa Manula ndi wolemba mbiri wodziwika bwino kutalika ndi chiwerengero cha tsitsi. Chaka chonse, ubweya wake umakhala wonenepa. Utoto m'nyengo yozizira umasintha pang'ono ndipo umakhala wosangalatsa ndi imvi komanso kuwala. Tsitsi silikhala lofanana pamithunzi, kukhala ndi malangizo oyera, chifukwa chake, kumakhala kaphokoso kwa matalala kumapangidwa.
Mtundu wa mchira sufanana ndi mtundu waukulu, koma pamapeto pake umakhala ndi mikwingwirima 6-7 ya mthunzi wakuda. Pansi pa thupi ndi zofiirira komanso loyera. Mikwingwirima m'mbali mwa muzzle imapereka chiwonetsero chazinyama kwa mphaka wokongola: Mikwingwirima yakuda imatambasulira m'masaya mwake.
Amphaka awa ndi anthu okhala mdera louma, chisinthiko chidasamalira maso a nyamayo: kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumawalola kukhala wonyowa komanso kutetezedwa ndi mchenga.
Moyo wazakudya ndi zakudya
Mphaka wakunyumba amapita kukasaka madzulo: usiku kapena m'mamawa amakhazikitsa abisalire, kudikirira nyama yake pafupi ndi mabowo kapena miyala. Wodya nyama iyi amakhala wosakhazikika komanso wosachedwa, sangathe kufunafuna nyama kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho amasankha njira ina. Mphamvu yake ndi kupirira komanso ubweya, womwe umagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu ya malo ozungulira.
Zomwe zimasungidwa tsiku lililonse ku Pallasa zimakhala ndi mbalame za chilimwe m'chilimwe, nthawi yonseyo sakhala wokonda kudya ndi makoswe ndi makoswe, nthawi zina amachepetsa zakudya ndi ma gopher achinyengo komanso ma hares. Nthawi zoipa, mphaka wamtchire amadya tizilombo.
Nyama siyimasankha mosankha malo: imagawidwa m'magawo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda kwambiri, kutentha kochepa, koma ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa.
Amakonda madera okhala kumapiri ndi theka lachipululu, komanso malo ochepa amchenga, omwe amakhala pamalo okwana ma mraba 4, owetera zilombo amangochita zodzikongoletsa, samalankhulana ndi abale awo mpaka nthawi yakukula.
Mphaka wamtchire amakhala m'thanthwe kapena dzenje, lomwe, monga lamulo, limatsata nyama zina. Amatha kukumba yekha nyumba, koma amakana kuti asawononge mphamvu zowonjezera pomwe sikofunikira.
Mphaka wamtchire amasangalala ndikubowoleza marmbo, nkhandwe ndi ma bad. Little manul samachita mantha ndi china chilichonse, popeza amatetezedwa ndi mayi wodwala.
Mutha kuthandizira polojekiti yanu CATS potumiza ndalama iliyonse ndipo mphaka imakuuzani kuti "Murrr"
Nkhani yonse ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa zochokera
Mphaka ndani?
Mphaka wa steppe (Felis Silvestris Lybica) ndi mphaka wamtchire ndipo amtundu wa amphaka a ku Europe. Nkhani yosangalatsa ndiyomwe idapezekera. Zaka 3,000,000 zapitazo, mabulogu adalekana ndi mitundu yayikulu. Ndipo zaka 10,000 zapitazo, amphaka awa adabisidwa ndi nzika zaku Middle East - izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi za amphaka achikale mumafeso akale aku Egypt. Adakhala obadwa a mitundu yonse yamakono.
Amphaka a steppe - makolo a oyeretsa onse am'nyumba
Mabuku omwe Felis Silvestris Lybica amachokera ku banja la amphaka (Felidae), amphaka ang'ono (Felinae), amphaka amphaka (Felis), ndi amphaka amphaka a m'nkhalango (Felis Silvestris). M'mbuyomu, gulu la Lybica (amphaka amphaka) adagawika m'magulu awiri, aliyense amagawika m'magulu angapo:
- Gulu lachigawo la Steppe (ornata-caudata):
- Felis silvestris caudata (wopezeka mu 1874),
- Felis silvestris gordoni (1968),
- Felis silvestris iraki (1921),
- Felis silvestris nesterovi (1916),
- Felis silvestris ornata (1832),
- Felis silvestris tristrami (1944).
- amphaka ang'onoang'ono a bulane (ornata-lybica):
- Felis silvestris cafra (1822),
- Felis silvestris foxi (1944),
- Felis silvestris griselda (1926),
- Felis silvestris haussa (1921),
- Felis silvestris lybica (1780),
- Felis silvestris mellandi (1904),
- Felis silvestris ocreata (1791),
- Felis silvestris rubida (1904),
- Felis silvestris ugandae (1904).
Posachedwa, akatswiri a zanyama asankha kusinthaku. Tsopano amphaka onse a steppe agawika ku Africa (F.s. lybica), Asiya (F.s. ornata) ndi South Africa (F.s. cafra).
Gawo mu Buku Lofiyira - 4: Mtundu wocheperako, wochepa, wophunzitsidwa bwino womwe anthu ake sadziwika. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo okhala, zandewu komanso kuyandikana ndi anthu, amphaka a steppe ali pachiwopsezo chofuna kutha.
Mphaka wa Steppe - mtundu wachilendo womwe umawopsezedwa kuti uwonongeke
Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe a mphaka
Mitundu yonse itatu ya amphaka a steppe amasiyana maonekedwe. Makhalidwe a mphaka wa ku Africa:
- Mtundu wa chovalachi umachokera ku imvi-zachikaso mpaka mchenga kapena bulauni.
- Zojambula - mackerel tabby (milozo).
- Lambulani mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri mchira ndi miyendo. Pa thupi la mzere, wofiirira kapena wa bulauni, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino.
- Chovala chimakhala chachifupi, chokhala ndi mkanda wamkati, chofewa, ndipo sichokwanira thupi.
- Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kuchoka pa 45 mpaka 75 cm.
- Kutalika kwa mchira wake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 38 cm.
- Kulemera - kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 6.5 kg.
- Miyendo ya mphaka imakhala yayitali kuposa kutalika kwa thupi, yopyapyala komanso yocheperako.
- Mutu wa mphaka ndi waung'anga pakatikati, wokhala bwino pakhosi.
- Makutu ndi akulu, m'lifupi, okhala ndi nsonga zozungulira, amakhala apamwamba komanso owongoka, oyenda pang'ono pang'ono.
- Maso ndi akulu, amtundu wa amondi, wobiriwira kapena wachikasu.
Mphaka wa ku Africa wopondera (F.s. lybica) ali ndi miyendo yayitali
Mphaka wam'madzi waku Asia:
- Mtundu wa chovalachi ndi wamchenga, wotuwa, ukhoza kukhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wofiirira. Mwambiri, mtundu wake ndiwopepuka komanso wotentha kuposa wa F.s. lybica.
- Mtundu wa ubweya umawonekera.
- Malo ang'onoang'ono akuda okhala ndi malesi oyenera amapangidwira mosinthika. Pa miyendo ndi mchira - mikwingwirima yosiyana.
- Chovala chimakhala chachifupi, chosalala, chofewa, pafupifupi chopanda undercoat, ndipo sicholimba kwambiri ndi thupi.
- Kutalika kwa thupi - kuchokera pa 47 mpaka 78 cm.
- Kutalika kwa mchira ndi 3040 cm.
- Kulemera - kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 7 kg.
- Miyendo ndi yofupikirapo kuposa maF. lybica, minofu yambiri. Msana umalemanso.
- Mutu ndi wozungulira, wang'ono kapena wapakati, khosi limakhala lalifupi komanso lamphamvu.
- Makutu ndi ang'ono, mulifupi, maupangiri ndi ozunguliridwa, okhazikika.
- Maso akulu opangidwa ndi amondi amatha kukhala obiriwira, achikaso komanso amber.
Mphaka wa ku Asiatic steppe (F.s. ornata) ali ndi mawonekedwe a ubweya
South African Steppe Cat:
- Mtundu wa chovalachi umatha kukhala utoto wachitsulo ndi utoto wofiira, imvi ndi utoto wa ooker.
- Phale pa ubweya ndi mackerel kapena mawebby.
- Malaya akuda kapena akuda amaphimba miyendo ndi mchira. Mikwingwirima yofiyira kapena ya bulauni kapena mawanga pathupi ali otumbululuka ndipo pafupifupi osavunda.
- Chophimbacho ndichachikulu, chachifupi, chokhala ndi undercoat wonenepa, zofewa, yosalala.
- Kutalika kwa thupi - kuchokera pa45 mpaka 70 cm.
- Kutalika kwa mchira ndi 25- 38 cm.
- Kulemera - kuchokera 3 mpaka 6 kg.
- Miyendo ndiyolimba, yotupa, m'malo motalika.
- Mutu umakhala pakati komanso wamkulu, wozungulira, wachisomo. Khosi limakhala lalifupi, lamphamvu.
- Makutu ndi akulu, kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 7 cm.
- Maso ndi apakati kapena akulu, amatha kukhala obiriwira kapena kuwala achikaso.
Mphaka wa ku South Africa (F.s. cafra), monga amphaka onse opondera, ali ndi nthabwala zazing'ono pamakutu.
Mawonekedwe amakhalidwe ndi malo okhala
Amphaka a steppe ndi nyama zamadzulo. Nthawi zambiri amasaka usiku. Amadyetsa timiyala tating'ono, mbalame ndi mazira, abuluzi, tizilombo tambiri ndi ma amphibians. Kusaka obisalira, kutsata nyama ndi kuwukira ndi kudumpha kamodzi. Asanayambe kusaka, kunyambita mosamala, kubisa fungo lake. Monga lamulo, amphaka awa amakhala tsiku lonse kubisala m'makola a zimbudzi kapena nkhandwe kapena kubisala mumtunda wowala.
Ali ndi adani okwanira m'chilengedwe: anthu, mafisi, ankhandwe, agalu, amphaka akulu. Mukakumana ndi mdani, mphaka wa steppe, ngati ilibe nthawi yoti athawe, imagwada kumbuyo kwake, imatembenuza mmbali kuti ikhale pachiwopsezo, kupera ubweya wake, kukanikiza makutu ndi malingaliro ake, kuyesera kuwoneka ngati yayikulu komanso yoyipa. Ikagwera, imagwera pamsana pake, imagwa ndikulira mokomera.
Amphaka a Steppe amalimbananso mwachisawawa akaukiridwa
Nthawi zambiri, amphakawa amakhala chete, samapanga mawu osafunikira. Mtundu wa "zolankhula" zawo ndi zokulirapo: kung'ung'uza, kuchema, kubuula, kupeta, kulira. Zimakhala zaluso kwambiri nthawi yophunzitsira.
Amphaka a steppe amakhala okha, kumangokhalira kukokedwa ndi msambo. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amalumikizana ndi abale.
Mu mphaka wamkazi wamkazi, ana atatu abadwa nthawi zambiri amabadwa
Nthawi yakukhwima m'makola a steppe nthawi zambiri imayamba kumapeto kwa Januware ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Pakadali pano, anyani amphongo amagwira ntchito modabwitsa, kuthamangitsa wina ndi mzere mokweza ndikumenyera wamkazi.
Mimba imatenga miyezi iwiri. Kuchokera kwa ana awiri mpaka 6 amabadwa, zomwe zazikazi zimabweretsa zokha. Ma Kittens amabadwa ali akhungu ndi ogontha, amapenya komanso amakhala ndi chidwi pakatha masiku 9-12. Akazi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako amawasamutsa ku chakudya chamagulu. Kuyambira miyezi itatu yamphongo ipita kukasaka ndi amayi awo. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimapita kuka "kusambira kwaulere" pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, pomwe kusintha kwa mano kuchokera mkaka kupita ku molars kumatha.
Amphaka a steppe amakhala odziyimira pawokha miyezi 8-9
Amphaka a Steppe amakhala okhwima pofika chaka, komabe, amatenga nawo mbali pobereka kuposa zaka ziwiri. Ali ku ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 8-10, kuthengo amakhala zochepa. Monga lamulo, amakhala pafupi ndi madera okhala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala.
Kodi ndingapeze kuti mphaka wotsika:
- Kudera lamapiri, zipululu ndi malo ammapiri a Africa.
- Ku Front, Central ndi Central Asia.
- Ku North India.
- Ku Caucasus.
- Ku Kazakhstan.
- Mphaka wa steppe amapezekanso kudera la Russia, madera opanda chipululu kapena zigwa za madzi osefukira kudera la Astrakhan, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi madzi.
Amphaka a steppe ndi amtunda. Malo osakira nyama imodzi amatha kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 km 2. Mwa akazi, gawo limakhala laling'ono.
Katundu wa mphaka wa steppe - Africa ndi Central ndi South Asia - akuchepa
Moyo wokhala mu ukapolo
M'posadabwitsa kuti amphaka a ana opeza ndi omwe amakhala kholo la ziweto zonse - amazisamalira mosavuta. Komabe, muyenera kusanza kuyambira muli aang'ono kwambiri. Kuyanjana kumayenera kuyamba ndi milungu itatu kapena itatu.
Ali kundende, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 15, ngati amphaka ambiri am'nyumba. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, amafunika malo owuluka omwe ali ndi mipata yayikulu, malo omwe mungabisike ngati pakuwoneka ngozi. Khomalo liyenera kukhala lokwera kuti lizitha kukhazikitsa: amphaka a steppe ayenera kusuntha kwambiri. Amphaka amtundu wa “zoweta” amadyetsa nkhuku zatsopano, mbewa zophera kapena kalulu.
Amphaka amakhala m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe chimodzimodzi ndi kuthengo, koma kumeneko amatetezedwa mosamala kuchokera kwa akazitape osaka nyama. Anthu ena amavala ma kolala okhala ndi ma transmitter kuti azitha kutsata komanso kusanthula mayendedwe awo.
Komabe, sizingasungidwe mnyumbamo: amphaka awa saloledwa kugulitsidwa ndi msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa CITES, popeza ndi nyama yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kuti itha. Kugulitsa kulikonse, mayendedwe ndi kugula kwa iwo kumaonedwa ngati zochita zosaloledwa ndipo amalangidwa ndi akuluakulu a mayiko onse. Ngakhale m'malo osungira nyama, mawonekedwewa ndi osowa.
Amphaka a Steppe saloledwa kubereka mu ukapolo
Ngati mphaka wa steppe adagunda pamtima panu, ndipo mumalota zozizwitsa kunyumba, ndiye kuti, mitundu yomwe ili yofanana ndi iyo (Scottish Straight, Kanaani, Mphaka wa Anatoli, Arab Mau, European Shorthair) kapena ngakhale iwo omwe adachokera mwachindunji kuchokera ku steppes amphaka (Mgodi wa ku Egypt, mphaka wa Abyssinian).
Mphaka wa steppe ndi nyama yokongola, yachangu, yokalamba komanso yokongola mwapadera. Zomwe, mwatsoka, posachedwa kapena pang'ono zimatha kuzimiririka padziko lapansi. Munthu amangokhulupirira kuti munthu yemwe akuyang'ana ana obadwa kwa amphaka a ana opeza sadzamuiwala m'bale wake wocheperako ndipo amuteteza kuti asadzawonongedwe.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala mphaka
Steppe Cat Manul ndi mtundu wa mphaka wamtchire. Omwe amathandizira pamasamba amtunduwu adakhala obalitsira nyama wamba. Zinalengedwa zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndipo zidakhazikika pamasewera athu.
Komabe, sikuti amphaka onse amtchire omwe adayamba kukhala ndi anthu, pali ena omwe amakhalabe moyo wamtchire, waulere. Oyimira kutchire siokulirapo, kukula kwawo sikokwanira kufika 75 cm, ndipo mchirawo umachokera 20 mpaka 40 cm, pomwe kulemera kumayambira 3 mpaka 7 kg.
Mwambiri, Pallas amawoneka ngati mphaka wapakhomo, wodyetsedwa bwino. Maonekedwe a nkhope yake okha samakondweretsedwa. Mwina mawu awa ndi chifukwa cha kakonzedwe kapadera ka mawanga pamphumi, kapena mwina ndevu zowala zimapereka kolimba.
Koma mawonekedwe a satiety amampatsa thupi lolimbitsa thupi, lamphamvu, lalifupi komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, ubweya wambiri, wakuda komanso wosalala. Za ubweya ndikofunikira kuuza padera. Mwambiri, Pallas amadziwika kuti ndiye fry furry.
Kumsana kwake kokha, pa lalikulu lalikulu masentimita, pamakhala mafupa okwana 9000. Kutalika kwa chovalako kumafika masentimita 7. Ndikosangalatsa kuti mtundu wa chovala choterocho ndi chowoneka bwino, chofewa kapena ginger, koma nsonga ya chovala chilichonse chimapakidwa choyera ndipo izi zimapatsa chovalacho kuvala siliva.
Chovala cha ubweya sichimakhala chopanda, pali mawanga ndi mikwingwirima. Makutu a munthu wokongola m'nkhalangoyi ndi ochepa, koma ubweya wabwino kwambiri sadziwika. Koma maso ndi akulu, achikasu ndipo ana sapitirira, koma ozungulira.
Kuwona ndi kumva kwa mulu ndizodabwitsa. Izi ndizomveka - wokhala m'nkhalango amangowafuna. Koma, chodabwitsa, fungo la mphaka limatigwetsa, silinapangidwe bwino.
Ili Mphaka wa steppe Amamva bwino mu steppe kapena theka-chipululu. Manulas ochokera ku Iran kupita ku Asia akhazikika, mutha kukumana nawo ku China komanso ku Mongolia. Ndizabwino kwambiri amphaka pakati pa shrub yotsika, komanso pakati pa miyala yaying'ono - ndi pomwe amakonda kukhazikika.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mphaka
Pa mawu oti "mphaka", nthawi zambiri nyama yothamanga, yamphamvu imawoneka, koma mphamvu ndi kuyenda sizili konse pamankhwala. Sangothamanga basi. Kudumpha ndi kukwera mitengo sindinso kukoma kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, mphaka umatopa msanga. Ndikofunika kuti iye agone tsiku lonse ndikusaka usiku.
Gulu lalikulu silimakondanso lryger lryger. Zomwe zili bwino kwa iye kuti azikhazikika mdzenje la nkhandwe kapena pabulu ndi kupumula asanagone.
Popeza "omwe amalowera" sanalandiridwe ndi a Pallas, palibe aliyense amene angamupatse mawu. Ndikosatheka kudikirira nyimbo ndi kulira kwakuthwa kwa mphaka ngakhale nthawi zachikondi kwambiri.
Zowona, mwapadera, amatha kuyankhula mofuula, kapena kumangosangalala, ndizo zonse angachite. Mlenje wanyaka wamtchire ndi wabwino kwambiri. Kuleza mtima ndi kupirira sizinachitike. Mulu amatha kugona kwanthawi yayitali m'chipale chofewa kapena pakati pa masamba, ndikutsatira womenyedwayo.
Monga nyama, samasankha nyama zazikulu kwambiri - mbewa ndi mbalame. Komabe, imatha kuthana ndi nyama yakulemera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ndi kalulu. Zachidziwikire, ngati kalulu sathawa.
Akasaka nthawi yozizira, a Pallas amasankha malo omwe sanakutenthe kwambiri ndi chipale chofewa, chifukwa chovala chake chaubweya chambiri chomwe chimavala chisanu sichimamuchitira ntchito yabwino kwambiri - chifukwa cha icho, mphaka amangokhalira kukhazikika chisanu.
Pallas amapewa anthu mosamala, kuphatikiza ngakhale akapezeka ngati ana agalu, amawonda kwambiri, kuchitira munthu kukayikira ndikusiya zikhalidwe zawo zamtchire kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Ngakhale kumalo osungira nyama, manulas adayamba kuwonekera pokhapokha intaneti itayamba kusinthika kwambiri chithunzi cha mphaka ndipo chidwi chachikulu chidawonekera.
Zowona, mphakayu anali wotchuka pakati pawo kale, chifukwa ubweya wake wapamwamba ndi chuma chenicheni. Chifukwa chake, mphaka ali ndi chifukwa chabwino chokhalira osamala.
M'malo achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwamphaka kumatsitsidwa ndi kadzidzi, mimbulu ndi kadzidzi. Manul siwapafupi kuthawa izi, chifukwa sangathe kudzipulumutsa nthawi zonse chifukwa chachedwa, amatha kung'amba mano ake ndikukutikanani. Amphaka amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
Kubala ndi kutalika kwa mphaka
Nthawi yokha yomwe mphaka wamtchire angaganize zokhala payokha ndi mwezi wa February - Marichi, ndiye kuti nthawi yakukhwima.
Kwa wosankhidwa wake, mphaka ali wokonzeka kulowa nkhondo yankhanza kwambiri, chifukwa chakumapeto, nkhondo zamphaka zimayamba apa ndi apo. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi maukwati wamba amphaka, kumenyana kotereku kumakhalabe kochepa kwambiri.
Atateteza ufulu wokhala ndi "tsiku lokondana," amphaka amakhala nthawi ndi mphaka, pambuyo pake, miyezi iwiri itabadwa. Pallasa wachikazi amabweretsa ana amphaka 2 mpaka 6, ndipo amaphika mosamala kwambiri. Amphaka amachotsedwa kuti atenge nawo gawo pachokonda cha wosankhidwa wawo.
Sadzaberekanso anyani. Koma mphaka Manula, m'malo mwake, ndi mayi wachikondi komanso wolemekeza ena. Makanda amabadwa ali akhungu, koma kuyambira pobadwa amakhala ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi losalala.
Chithunzicho, mphaka wagalu
Amakula motsogozedwa ndi amayi awo. Mphindi iliyonse amayi amawaphunzitsa misampha yonse yopulumuka, kusaka ndi kusamalira payekha. Kittens amapita kukasaka koyamba atabereka miyezi 4. Ndipo kusaka konse kumachitika motsogozedwa ndi amayi.
Manulas samangosamalira, komanso amayi okhwima. Makatani osasamala kapena owonongera amalangidwa - amayi awo amawaluma ndipo nthawi zina amapweteka mokwanira. Koma sungakhale ndi moyo popanda iwo - mphaka kuyambira ali mwana ayenera kuphunzira malamulo okhala kuthengo. Pepani kwambiri, koma kuthengo kwa zaka zopitilira 12, amphaka a steppe sakukhala.
Masanjidwe
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa mitochondrial DNA wa amphaka 979 amphaka zakuthengo ndi ochokera kuthengo ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa, Felis silvestris lybica olekanitsidwa ndi mphaka wa kuthengo waku Europe pafupifupi zaka 173,000 zapitazo komanso ku subspecies Felis silvestris ornata ndi Felis silvestris cafra pafupifupi zaka 131 zapitazo. Pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo oimira 5 Felis silvestris lybica adaweta ku Middle East ndi chiyambi cha chitukuko cha ulimi ndikuwoneka nyumba zoyambirira za Neolithic panthawi yosinthira kwa munthu kuchoka pakusaka ndi kusonkhana kumayendedwe amoyo kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha chitukuko cha anthu. Tsopano amatenga mitundu yodziwika - mphaka wa ku Africa Felis lybica Forster, 1780, ndi nthawi Felis silvestris Ndalama Za Mphaka wa ku Ulaya.
06.05.2018
Tsamba la Steppe (lat. Felis lybica) ndi chinyama chochokera kwa amphaka ang'onoang'ono (Felinae) wa banja la Feline (Felidae). Amatinso mphaka wautoto kapena mphaka. Kuchokera ku mphaka wa kuthengo (Felis silvestris), nyamayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
Mwina njira zawo za chisinthiko zidasinthidwa pafupifupi zaka 3,000-130 zapitazo. Oimira ena a Felis lybica adakhala zaka 4,5 zapitazo zapitazo ku Mesopotamia ndi Middle East. Amaganiza kuti akhoza kukhala obalalitsa amphaka onse amphaka.